Mammals of the Transvaal

OF
THE
ECOPLAN
MONOGRAPH
No.1
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
The
holo ype
(TM
710)
was
g a id
when
collec ed
on
14 h
No embe ,
1909.
No
o he
b eeding
in o ma ion
has
been
eco ded.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
No
ield
measu emen s
a e
eco ded
o
he
ype.
Specimens
collec ed
om
elsewhe e
in
he
Republic
a y
as
ollows:
Amblysomus
julianae
Mees e ,
1972
DISTRIBUTION:
Known
om
only
h ee
gene al
a eas,
all
wi hin
he
T ans aal,
i.e.
he
ype
locali y
nea
P e o ia,
and
he
Numbi
Ga e
and
Machuluane
in
he
K uge
Na ional
Pa k.
The
la e
wo
eco ds
a e
in
ac
he
only
eco ds
o
he
occu ance
o
he
genus
Amblysomus
in
he
eas e n
T ans aal
low eld.
HABITAT:
As
poin ed
ou
by
Mees e
(1972),
his
species
is
appa en ly
no
es ic ed
o
a
e y
limi ed
spec um
o
clima ic
condi ions.
The
ac
ha
i
is
he
only
ep esen a i e
o
Amblysomus
in
he
T ans aal
low eld
indica es
a
much
wide
habi a
ole ance
han
is
ound
in
he
o he
membe s
o
he
genus.
I
i s
implied
a i y
and
isola ed
occu ence
in
ime
p o e
ue,
his
would
a gue
on
he
o he
hand
o
an
animal
wi h
e y
limi ed
habi a
equi emen s.
The
exac
habi a
o
he
Numbi
specimen
was
no
eco ded,
excep
ha
i
is
om
a
bush
sa annah
egion.
The
P e o ia
specimens
we e
collec ed
on
he
bounda y
be ween
high eld
g assland
and
bush
sa annah,
in
sandy
soil
a
he
no he n
oo
o
a
low
hill,
amongs
ocky
ou c ops.
HABITS:
Li le
is
known
excep
ha
i
cons uc s
bo h
he
deep
and
shallow
unnel-sys ems
ypical
o
golden
moles.
Mees e
(1972)
kep
a
li e
specimen
unde
obse a ion,
bu
e y
li le
could
be
lea n
om
i
o he
ha
i
spen
mos
o
i s
ime
unde g ound,
and
came
o
he
su ace
whe e
i s
ood
was
deposi ed,
only
when
hung y.
I
appea ed
o
p e e
mois
soil,
p esumably
since
unnels
a e
easie
o
cons uc
and
a e
mo e
du able
in
his.
Ac i e
bo h
day
and
nigh .
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
Mees e
{op.
ci .)
ound
ha
in
cap i i y
i
ook
g ound
bee ,
ea hwo ms,
cock oaches,
mealwo m
la ae,
g asshoppe s
and
o he
small
insec s
eadily,
bu
no
snails
o
slugs.
BREEDING:
None
o
he
ou
specimens
Mees e
{op.
ci .)
used
as
basis
o
he
desc ip ion
o
he
species,
was
dissec ed
o
asce ain
b eeding
condi ion.
O
wo
specimens
collec ed
subsequen ly,
one
collec ed
on
he
15 h
Feb ua y
1975
by
he
T ans aal
Museum
axide mis
M
Geo ge
Goode,
was
p egnan ,
wi h
one
emb yo
in
he
igh
ho n
o
he
u e us.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
So
a
only
eigh
specimens
ep esen
he
species:
Males
TM
8990:
To al-119;
H.FT.-14
(Knysna)
TM
8993:
To al-117;
H.F -14
(Jonke sbe g)
Females
TM
705:
To al-111;
H.F -12
(Knysna)
TM
8989: To al-120;
H.F .-14
(Knysna)
TM
8991:
To al-113;
H.F -13
(Knysna)
TM
8992:
To al-115;
H.F .-12
(Jonke sbe g)
RECORD
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
1:
Wakke s oom,
1
(TM).
«xxx
si
1
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2329
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Fig.
30:
The
dis ibu ion
o
A.
julianae
in
he
T ans aal
Males
TM
15992:
To al-98;
H.F .-12;
Mass-?
TM
19373:
To al-106;
H.F -11,5;
Mass-?
Females
TM
16916:
To al-100;
H.F -9;
Mass-?
TM
16917:
To al-99;
H.F .-10;
Mass-?
TM
25431:
To al-100;
H.F .-ll,5;
Mass-23
g am
NKW
3:
To al-92;
H.F -10;
Mass-19
g
NKW
4:
To al-93;
H.F -10;
Mass-26
g
*
Unca alogued:
To al-102;
H.F .-12;
Mass-?
*
Specimen
collec ed
by
D
N.J.
Dippenaa ,
T ans aal
Museum,
and
dona ed
o
he
Smi hsonian
Ins i u ion,
Washing on,
D.C.
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
8:
Machulwane,
2
(NKW);
Numbi
Ga e,
1
(TM);
She e,
1
(TM);
The
Willows,
3
(TM,
2;
SI,
1);
Tiege poo ,
1
(TM).
Juliana's
golden
mole
Julianase
gouemol
28
O de
CHIROPTERA
This
is
a
big
and
di e si ied
o de ,
and
is
pe haps
he
mos
in e es ing
and
challenging
g oup
o
mammals
o
s udy.
Ba s
a e
he
only
mammals
which
ha e
achie ed
ue
ligh ;
hey
a e
he
only
land
mammals
ha
can
boas
na iga ion
by
sona
o
echo-loca ion;
and
in
sou he n
A ica
he
g ea es
majo i y o
hibe na ing
mammals
a e
o
be
ound
amongs
he
Mic ochi op e a.
Ye
o
all
he
mammals
g oups
in
A ica,
ba s
ha e
been
scien i ically
he
mos
neglec ed.
Many sys ema ic
and
dis ibu ional
p oblems
emain
o
be
sol ed,
while
i ually
no hing
is
known
abou
hei
beha iou ,
ecology,
ep oduc ion,
ligh
pa e ns,
mig a ions,
hibe na ion,
o
de ails
o
hei
me hods
o
echoloca ion.
The
economic
impo ance
o
he
Chi op e a
in
sou he n
A ica
is
ha dly
app ecia ed.
On
he
debi
side
he
damage
done
by
ui
ba s
o
opical
ui
c ops
is
well-known,
al hough
o
he
bes
o
my
knowledge
no
accu a ely
assessed
as
ye
On
he
c edi
side
is
he
exclusi ely
insec i o ous
die
o
he
Mic ochi op e a,
a
ai
which
may
ha e
an
impo an
bea ing
on
biological
insec
pes
con ol.
Ye
ba s
su e
se e ely
om
he
whims,
p ejudices,
igno ance
and
supe s i ion
o
man.
Many
ins ances
o
ba
massac es
ha e
become
known
du ing
he
pas
ew
yea s,
mos ly
inadequa ely
mo i a ed
and
unnecessa y,
esul ing
om
a
lack
o
knowledge
and
unde s anding.
Al hough
conclusi e
scien i ic
e idence
is
lacking,
he
use
o
insec icides
may
pose
a
se ious
h ea
o
ou
ba
popula ions,
as
many
o
hese
poisons
appea
o
accumula e
in
he
li e s and
a
issues
o
ba s
eeding
on
he
insec s
ha
su i e
sp aying.
A
he
momen
i i
no
known
how
hese
accumula ed
insec icides a ec
ba s,
al hough
i
is
likely
ha
pa icula ly
b eeding
success
is
ad e sely
a ec ed.
Howe e ,
ci iliza ion
has
also
unin en ionally
bene i ed
some
species
o
ba s.
The
cons uc ion
o
buildings, mines,
unnels
and
b idges,
and
he
plan ing
o
ui
o cha ds
and
o he
ees
in
o he wise
eeless
a eas,
ha e
no
only
o e ed
mo e
dayligh
oos s
o
e uges,
bu
also
possibly
enabled
some
species
o
ex end
hei
his o ical
anges.
This
aspec
will
be
u he
elucida ed
unde
he
species
discussions
which
ollow.
(Key
adap ed
om
Hayman
and
Hill,
1971)
1.
Second
digi
e mina ing
in
a
claw;
ma gin
o
ea
conch
o ming
a
comple e
ing;
agus
always
absen ;
in e emo al
memb ane
g ea ly
educed,
li le
mo e
han
a
na ow
band
along
inside
ma gin
o
hind
legs;
ail
absen
o
udimen a y;
cheeck
ee h
simple,
wi hou
well-de eloped
cusp
pa e n
Megachi op e a
Second
digi
wi hou
a
claw;
ma gin
o
ea
conch
no
o ming
a
comple e
ing;
agus
gene ally
p esen
(absen
in
Rhinolophidae
and
Hipposide idae);
in e emo al
memb ane
gene ally
well-
de eloped;
ail
gene ally
well-de eloped
(absen
in
one
amily);
cheeck
ee h
cuspida e,
gene ally
wi h
a
clea ly
de ined
W-pa e n
Mic ochi op e a
Subo de
MEGACHIROPTERA
Family
PTEROPODIDAE
Sub amily
PTEROPODINAE
1.
Ea s
wi h
whi e
basal
u s
Epomopho us
2.
Fo ea m
110-130
Eidolon
Ea s
wi hou
whi e
basal
u s
2
Fo ea m
65-102
Rouse us
Wahlbe g's epaule ed
ui
ba
Wahlbe gse
wi kol ug e le muis
Epomopho us
Benne ,
1836
1.
One
pos -den al
pala al
idge
wahlbe gi
Two
pos -den al
pala al
idges
c yp u us
Epomopho us
wahlbe gi
(Sunde all,
1846)
E.
w.
wahlbe gi
(Sunde all,
1846)
DISTRIBUTION:
This
species
has
a
e y
wide
dis ibu ion
in
A ica.
In
he
T ans aal
i
is
limi ed
o
he
eas e n
egions
(bu
no
necessa ily
he
eas e n
low eld)
wi h
a
sub opical
clima e
and
highe
mean
annual
ain all.
HABITAT:
By
day
his
species
oos s
in
la ge,
densely
olia ed
ees.
By
nigh
i
appea s
o
sea ch
o
ood
mos ly
along
na u al
wa e cou ses
( iz.
wild
igs
and
A ican
ebony),
and
o en
in
sub opical
ui
o cha ds.
Rose ea
(1965)
conside s
Epomopho us
as
ypically
inhabi ing
open
woodland
a he
han
o es
B oadly
speaking
his
is
ue
o
E.
wahlbe gi,
bu
ield
obse a ions
sugges
ha
i
is
speci ically
dependen
on
i e ine
o es s.
Two
appa an ly
essen ial
habi a
equi emen s
a e
concen a ed
he e,
namely
wild ui bea ing
ees
and
ees
big
enough
o
oos
in.
I
has
no
been
possible
o
es ablish
whe he
o
no
epaule ed
ui
ba s
d ink
wa e .
HABITS:
A
semi-g ega ious
species
which
oo s
in
loose
agg ega ions
o
30
o
200
indi iduals
(Smi he s,
1971)
in
la ge
ees
wi h
dense
canopies.
The
e y
young
cling
o
hei
mo he s,
whe eas
ju eniles
oos
independen ly.
Roos ing
ees
a e
u ilized
pe manen ly
o
semipe manen ly.
Day ime
colonies
appea
o
spli
up
du ing
he
nigh
when
eeding.
A
pa icula ly
good
ui
ees
a
la ge
numbe
o
ba s
we e
o en
obse ed, bu
ne e
as
many
as
in
day ime
colonies.
O en
he
29
wo
closely
ela ed
species,
E.
wahlbe gi
and
E.
c yp u us,
would
eed
in
he
same
ee
a
he
same
ime.
Indica ions
a e
ha
once
an
indi idual
is
sa ia ed,
i
spends
he
es
o
he
nigh
oos ing
in
a
ee
o he
han
he
one
u ilized
by
day,
while
es ing
and
diges ing
i s
ood.
P esumably
his
is
also
he
ime
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Fig.
31:
The
dis ibu ion
o
E.
wahlbe gi
in
he
T ans aal
o
p eening
and
b eeding.
Lone
indi iduals
we e
o en
ound
es ing
in
ees,
in e mi en ly
u e ing
he
unique
pinging
noise
cha ac e is ic
o
his
genus.
In
eeding,
he
ui
is
gene ally
picked
and
ca ied
o
a
nea by
ee,
whe e
a
ew
bi es
a e
aken
om
i ,
a e
which
he
hal -ea en
ui
i
disca ded
o
ano he .
Judging
om
he
accumula ions
o
hese
hal -de ou ed
ui ,
hese
ba s
epea edly
use
he
same
b anch
when
eeding.
FOOD:
Wild
ui
ypical
o
sub opical
egions,
especially
wild
igs
and
A ican
ebony.
When
hese
a e
a ailable
his
species
can
cause
damage
o
cul i a ed
ui s
such
as
li chis,
gua as,
peaches
and
plums.
BREEDING:
No
p egnan
o
lac a ing
emales
we e
collec ed
du ing
his
su ey.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Males
X
N
Min.
Max.
To .
169
18
144
211
H.F .
22,9
16
21
26
Ea
24,2
17
22
26
F.a m.
85,3
16
79
92
Mass
145,7
9
117
165
Females
X
N
Min.
Max.
To .
140,4
10 122
144
H.F .
21,4
8
18
23
Ea
24,4
9
22
28
F.a m
77,7
10
68
85
Mass
112,3
4
94
140
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
46:
Ba be on,
3
(TM,
1;
SI,
2);
Chikwa akwa a,
1
(RM);
Geo ge's
Valley,
1
(TM);
G ee swald,
1
(TM);
Hec o sp ui ,
3
(TM);
Le u hu
Hippo
Pool,
2
(TM);
Loskopdam,
5
(TM);
Malelane,
3
(TM,
2;
NKW,
1);
Mal a
Fa m,
1
(TM);
Nelsp ui ,
2
(TM);
Newing on,
11
km
N.,
1
(TM);
Pa u i,
8
(TM);
Pongola,
6
(TM);
Malelane,
1
(TM);
Ma ukwa adam,
2
(TM);
Swee
Home,
2
(TM);
The
Downs,
2
(TM);
Tzaneen
Es a e,
3
(TM).
Epomopho us
c yp u us
Pe e s,
1852
Pe e s'
epaule ed
ui
ba
Pe e sse-wi kol ug e le muis
DISTRIBUTION:
In
he
T ans aal
E.
c yp u us
is
sympa ic
wi h
he
p e ious
species,
excep
ha i .
c yp u us
has
as
ye
no
been
eco ded
as
a
wes
as
he
Loskop
dam
Na u e
Rese e, whe e
E.
wahlbe gi
has
ecen ly
been
collec ed.
On
he
o he
hand
E.
wahlbe gi
appea s
o
be
absen
om
he
a ea
be ween
Tzaneen
and
he
Limpopo
i e .
No h
o
he
Zoubpansbe g
bo h
species
appea
o
be
es ic ed
o
he
ipa ian
o es s
o
he
Njellele
and
Limpopo
i e s.
The
ange
o
c yp u us
in
sou he n
A ica
co ela es
e y
well
wi h
he
abo e
500
mm
mean
annual
ain all
zone,
al hough
i
may
u ilize
i e cou ses
as
co ido s
in o
a eas
ecei ing
less
ain.
HABITAT:
A ailable
in o ma ion
indica es
habi a
equi emen s
simila
o
hose
o
he
p e ious
species.
HABITS:
The
beha iou
o
he
wo
local
species
is
oo
poo ly
known
o
demons a e
speci ic
di e ences.
FOOD:
F ugi o ous.
BREEDING:
A
p egnan
emale
was
collec ed
du ing
Sep embe ,
wi h
one
25
mm
oe us
implan ed
in
he
igh
u e us.
Th ee
lac a ing
emales
O
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|NO«ANNESBURG
ON«M
;
(
;
!
SWA2IIANO
|
J
-2'
/
i .
.
Fig.
32:
The
dis ibu ion
o E.
c yp u us
in
he
T ans aal
wi h
hei
young
we e
collec ed
du ing
No embe ,
one
o
which
had
a
ecen
placen al
sca
in
he
le
u e us.
Smi he s
(1971)
indica es
30
ha
in
Zimbabwe
pa u i ion
occu s
be ween
No embe
and
Feb ua y.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Males
X
N
Min
Max.
To .
147,9
17
130
168
H.F
19,7
17
16
25
Ea
24,2
17
20
28
F.a m 77,5
20
66
86
Mass
107,6
6
82
135
Females
X
N
Min.
Max.
To .
130,8
27 106
142
H.
20,0
27
17
23
Ea
23,4
27
21
26
F.a m
75,2
27
68
82
Mass
75,1
11
48
93
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
56:
Ba be on,
9
(TM);
Dzundwini,
1
(TM);
G ee swald,
2
(TM);
Hec o sp ui ,
2
(TM);
Klase ie-Oli an s
i e
con luence,
1
(TM);
Koma i
i e ,
4
(TM);
Le aba,
1
(NKW);
Pongola,
1
(TM);
P e o iuskop,
4
(NKW);
Punda
Milia,
4
(TM,
2;
NKW,
2);
Madimbo
10
km
E.,
1
(TM);
Ma ukwa adam,
1
(TM);
Nelsp ui ,
1
(TM);
Newing on,
11
km
N.,
6
(TM);
O hawa,
1
(TM);
Sibasa, 15
(TM);
Ten
Bosch
Es a es,
11
(TM);
Tshokwane,
1
(NKW);
Tzaneen
Es a e,
1
(TM).
Addi ional
eco ds:
2229AB
(Smi he s,
in
li .);
open
ci cles
in
K uge
Na ional
Pa k
a e
Pienaa
(1964).
Eidolon
Ra inesque,
1815
Edolon
hel um
(Ke ,
1792)
S aw-colou ed
ui
Geel- ug e le muis
ba
E.
h.
hel um
(Ke ,
1792)
DISTRIBUTION:
This
essen ially
opical
cen al
A ican
ba
is
a
a e
mig an
o
sou he n
A ica,
whe e
usually
lone
indi iduals
a e
eco ded.
In
he
T ans aal
i
is
he e o e
e y
a e,
whe eas
i
is
pa icula ly
common
in
cen al
A ican
o es s
(Rose ea ,
1965).
The
known
eco ds
o
dis ibu ion
in
he
T ans aal
is
he e o e
unlikely
o
e lec
i s
ue occu ence
in
he
P o ince,
which
is
likely
o
be
spo adic
bu
widesp ead.
HABITAT:
P e e s
la ge
ees
o
oos s,
p e e ably
in
o es s.
Also
epo ed
om
boabab
ees.
See
Rose ea
(1965)
o
a
summa y
o
op imum
habi a
equi emen s
in
Wes
A ica.
HABITS:
A
g ega ious
species
oos ing
by
day
in
la ge
ees
in
g oups
a ying
om
a
ew
dozen
o
200
000
(Ogil ie,
P.W.
and
M.B.,
1964).
Indi iduals
hang
eely,
suspended
by
hei
hind
ee
These
day ime
qua e s
a e,
in
cen al
A ica,
occupied
pe manen ly
o
semipe manen ly,
depending
on
he
seasonal
a ailabili y
o
edible
ui
in
he
icini y.
In
he
T ans aal
his
ui
ba
appea s
o
be
a
soli a y
wande e .
A
colony
is
noisy
and
es less
by
day,
bu
by
con as
ela i ely
quie
a
nigh
when
eeding.
The
colony
lea es
i s
oos s
a
sundown,
indi iduals
lying
ou
in
loose
agg ega ions
in
he
same
di ec ion.
See
Rose ea
(1965)
o
a
mo e
de ailed
accoun
FOOD:
Rose ea
(1965)
men ions
he
ui
and
lowe
buds
o
he
ollowing
ees
as
ood
i ems:
silk-co on(Bombax
sp.),
boabab(Adansonia),
se e al
species
o
palms
and
wild
igs
(Ficus
sp.).
No
in o ma ion
is
a ailable
on
he
die
o
mig an s
in
sou he n
A ica,
al hough
cul i a ed
ui
is
a
imes
pa
o
hei
die
BREEDING:
No
eco ds
exis
o
emales
in
b eeding
condi ion
collec ed
on
his
subcon inen
Conside ing
he
g ega ious
na u e
o
he
species,
b eeding
is
imp obable
in
sou he n
A ica,
owing
o
low
popula ion
densi y.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
O
he
ou
specimens
known
om
he
T ans aal
only
one
has
been
measu ed,
namely
a
ju enile
male,
TM
8947:
To .
140;
T.
20;
H.
15;
Ea
10;
F.a m.
108.
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
4:
Ba be span,
1
(P i a e
collec ion);
Rus enbu g,
1
(TM);
S eynsdo p,
1
(TM);
Wildeha hoek,
1
(TM).
Rouse us
G ay,
1821
Rouse us
aegyp iacus
(E.
Geo ey,
1810)
Egyp ian
ui
ba
Egip iese
ug e le muis
R.
a
leachi
(A.
Smi h,
1829)
DISTRIBUTION:
low eld.
O
hese,
only
wo
a e
known
pe manen
day ime
qua e s,
In
he
T ans aal
eco ded
om
only
i e
locali ies
in
he
eas e n
namely
he
we
Ma lapi si
dolomi e
ca e
and
sinkhole,
and
a
ca e
31
nea
Ba be on.
The
o he
wo
eco ds
a e
o
animals
collec ed
by
nigh ;
specimens
om
Le si ele
a e
almos
ce ain
om
he
Ma lapi si
colony.
HABITAT:
Appea s
o
be
dependen
on
ca es
o
day ime
oos s,
and
in
he
Republic
has
ne e
been obse ed
o
u ilize
any
o he
oos s.
Rose ea
(1965)
ega ds
his
dependence
on
ca es
o
ca e-like
s uc u es,
such
as
ombs
o
py amids, as
a
cha ac e
common
o
he
genus.
By
nigh
he
Egyp ian
ui
ba
may
be
ound
in
nea by
sui able
ui
ees.
HABITS:
A
g ega ious
species;
in
he
Ma lapi si
ca e
as
many
as
c.
2
000
we e
obse ed
in
one
colony.
They
hang
suspended
om
he
oo
by
hei
hind
ee
in
closely
packed
g oups,
in
poo
ligh
c ea ing
he
imp ession
o
a
wo en
ma .
The
e y
young
cling
o
hei
mo he s.
Subadul s
huddle
oge he
in
small
g oups
in
c acks
in
he
ceiling
o
in
oblique
walls.
This
is
he
only
ui
ba
which
can
na iga e
by
means
o
echoloca ion
(Moh es
and
Kulze ,
1956),
which
enables
i
o
u ilize
he
da k
in e io
o
ca es.
This
p obably
also
explains
i s
ema kable
powe s
o
manoeu e ing.
No ick
(1958)
sugges s
ha
his
acul y
has
e ol ed
independen ly
om
ha
o
he
Mic ochi op e a.
The
sound
impulses
emi ed
by
insec i o ous
ba s
a e
la yngeal
in
o igin
as
opposed
o
he
sounds
caused
by
he
ongue-clicking
o
his
species,
which
a e
emi ed
h ough
he
open
co ne s
o
he
mou h.
This
species was
obse ed
eeding
in
la ge
numbe s
on
ipe
li chi
ui
nea
Le si ele
du ing
Decembe
1963.
I s
eeding
beha iou
is
e y
simila
o
ha
o Epomopho us.
F
ui
is
picked
while
ho e ing,
and
always
ca ied
o
a
wild
ee
a
he
edge
o
he
o cha d.
While
eeding
he
animal
hangs
suspended
om
a
b anch
by
i s
hind
ee .
I
is
a
was e ul
eede ,
like
o he
ui
ba s,
in
ha
only
one
o
wo
bi es
a e
aken
om
he
li chi
be o e
i
is
disca ded.
FOOD:
The
only
ood
sou ce
eco ded
in
he
T ans aal
a e
li chis.
Rose ea
(1965)
lis s
da es,
gua as,
mangoes,
bananas
and
wild
igs,
which
undoub edly
a e also
u ilized
locally
when
a ailable.
BREEDING:
Two
lac a ing
emales
wi h
hei
newbo n
young
we e collec ed
in
he
Ma lapi si
ca e
du ing
Feb ua y.
Acco ding
o
Rose ea
(1965),
ges a ion
las s
o
ou
mon hs,
wi h
no mally
one
young
a
a
ime
bo n
pe
mo he .
Fig.
34:
The
dis ibu ion
o
R.
aegyp iacus
in
he
T ans aal
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Males
To .
T.
H.F .
Ea
F.a m.
Mass
Females
To .
T.
H.
Ea
H.a m
Mass
X
154,9
15,6
25.5
22.6
88,6
106,4
X
163,4
16,6
25,6
23,0
95,8
137,6
N
6
6
6
6
5
5
N
Min.
146
13
23
22
84
90
Min.
151
14,5
23
22
98
128
Max.
176
19
28
32,5
100
161
Max.
173
18
27
24
92
141
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
29:
Le si ele,
3
(TM);
Le u hu
hippo
pool,
8
(TM);
Mal a
Fa m,
1
(TM);
Ma lapi si
ca e,
12
(TM);
Pa u i,
3
(TM);
The
downs,
2
(TM)
Addi ional
eco ds:
Chikwa akwa a,
(Smi he s
in
li );
Ba be on,
(Jacobsen,pe s.
comm.).
Subo de
MICROCHIROPTERA
(Key
a e
Hayman
and
Hill,
1971)
1.
Wi h
a
dis inc
ail
ex ending
pas
he
in e emo al
memb ane
2
Tail
almos
en i ely
enclosed
wi hin
he
in e - emo al
memb ane
^
2.
F ee
e minal
po ion
o
ail
eme ges
abo e
middle
o
uppe
su ace
o
in e - emo al
memb ane
Emballonu idae
F ee
e minal
po ion
o
ail
enclosed
in
bu
p ojec ing
conside ably
beyond
hind
ma gin
o
in e emo al
memb ane
Molossidae
3.
Muzzle
wi hou
nose-lea es
Vespe ilionidae
Muzzle
wi h
nose-lea es
4
4.
Muzzle
wi h
deep
cen al
longi udinal
sli
lined
wi h
leshly
de mal
ou g ow hs
^yc e idae
Face
wi hou
a
deep
cen al
sli ,
bu
wi h
well-de eloped
nose-
lea es
co e ing
muzzle
5
5.
Pos e io
nose-lea es
sub iangula ,
wi h
e ec
poin ed
ip;
oes
wi h
h ee
phalanges
Rhinolophidae
Pos e io
nose-lea es
wi h
uppe
edge
ei he
ellip ical
in
ou line
o
iden a e;
oes
wi h
wo
phalanges
Hipposide idae
32
Family
EMBALLONURIDAE
Taphozous
E.
Geo oy,
1818
1.
Fu
abo e
g izzled,
he
ips
o
he
hai
whi ish,
unde side
PUJ®
whi e;
leng h
o
skull
o e
21,5
mm;
o ea m
58-64
...
mau i ianus
Fu
abo e
unicolou ,
leng h
o
skull
less
han
21,5
mm,
o ea m
60-67
pe o a e
Taphozous
(Taphozous)
mau i ianus
E.
Geo oy,
1818
Tomb
ba
Wi ly
le muis
DISTRIBUTION:
This
mono ypic
species
is
a e
in
sou he n
A ica,
al hough
i
has
a
wide
dis ibu ion
in
A ica
sou h
o
he
Saha a.
In
he
T ans aal,
as
elsewhe e
h ough
i s
ange
on
he
subcon inen ,
i
is
es ic ed
o
woodland
sa annah.
The
species
is
absen
om
he
no h-wes e n
Fig.
35:
The
dis ibu ion
o
T.
mau i ianus
in
he
T ans aal
T ans aal
and
adjoining
sou he n
Bo swana
The
ange
o
T.
mau i ianus
co ela es
closely
wi h
a eas
ecei ing
mo e
han
500
mm
ain all
pe
yea .
The
known
eco ds
alling
in
a eas
ecei ing
less
han
500
mm
a e age
annual
p ecipi a eion
(i.e.
S eilloopb ug
dis ic ,
and
he
Oka ango
and
F ancis own
in
Bo swana),
a e
close
o
swamps
and
i e s,
he
la e
albei
seasonal.
This
implies
a
dependence
on
ei he
open
wa e
o
ipa ian
o es s.
HABITAT:
Unde
na u al
condi ions
i
u ilizes
he
unks
o
big
ees
o
day ime
oos s.
Ci iliza ion o e s
addi ional
oos s
in
he
o m
o
exo ic
ees
( iz.
specimen
om
Rus enbu g,
collec ed
in
a
bluegum
ee),
o
walls
o
buildings
jus
unde
he
o e hang
o
he
oo ,
especially
ha ched
oo s.
HABITS:
Res s
by
day,
singly
o
mos ly
in
small
g oups
o
up
o
eigh
indi iduals.
The
animals
cling
o
he
e ical
su ace
o
hei
e uge,
heads
poin ing
o
he
g ound.
They
a e
e y
ale ,
and
when
dis u bed
always
has ily
sc amble
ou
o
sigh ,
while
main aining
hei
upside-down
posi ion.
Judging
om
accumula ions
o
aeces
and
u ine
ma ks,
g oups
ha e p e e ed
si es
which
a e
occupied
a
leas
semi-pe manen ly.
They
a e
noc u nal
animals,
al hough
Smi he s
(1971)
quo es
a
low
incidence
o
day ime
ac i i y.
By
nigh
hey
a e
silen ,
soli a y,
swi
lie s,
ne e
epo ed
o
hun
highe
han
ee op
le el.
They
a e
easily
ecognized
in
ligh
by
he
pu e
whi e
abdomen
and
pa chmen -colou ed
wings.
The
emales
ca y
hei
babies
clinging
o
he
abdomen
du ing
ligh
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
^
No
p egnan
o
lac a ing
emales
we e
collec ed
in
he
T ans aal.
Smi he s
(1971)
epo s
emales
wi h
o sp ing
du ing
Oc obe
in
Zimbabwe.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
To .
T
H.
Ea
F.a m
Mass
Female
X
110,0
21,5
12,3
18.2
62
29.3
N
Min.
Max.
11
100
131
11
17
25
10
9
14
11
13
21
6
61
63
4
26
32
X
N
Min.
Max.
To .
110,0
5
105
116
T.
22,0
5
20
23
H. .
13,6
5
12,5
14
Ea
19,4
5
18,5
21
F.a m
63,0
3
61
66
Mass
31,5
2
31
32
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
22:
B onkho s sp ui
1
(TM);
De depoo ,
5
(TM);
Duiwelskloo ,
1
(TM);
G oo hoek,
3
(TM);
Ha ebees on em,
2
(NKW);
Huwi,
5
(TM,
2;
CM,
3);
Nico el,
1
(TM);
Oli an s-
pooil,
1
(TM):
P e o ia,
1
(TM);
Swee
Home,
1
(TM);
Tzaneen
Es a e,
1
(TM).
Taphozous
(Taphozous)
pe o a us
E.
Geo oy,
1818
Al hough
his
species
has,
s ic ly
speaking,
ne e
been
eco ded
wi hin
he
bo de s
o
he
Republic,
i
is
ce ain
o
occu
in
he
ex eme
no he n
T ans aal.
Smi he s
(1971)
has eco ded
i
along
Egyp ian
omb
ba
Egip iese
wi ly
le muis
he
eas e n
ip
o
Bo swana
(2229
AB)
a
he
join
bo de
wi h
Zimbabwe
and
he
T ans aal.
I
has
u he
been
eco ded
om
sca e ed
locali ies
in
he
sou he n
dis ic s
o
Zimbabwe.
33
Family
NYCTERIDAE
Nyc e is
G.
Cu ie
and
E.
Geo oy,
1795
Nyc e is
hebaica
E.
Geo oy,
1818
Common
sli - aced
ba
Gewone
splee neus le muis
N.
.
capensis
A.
Si h,
1829
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
Robe s
(1951)
and
Sho idge
(1934)
ega d
capensis
as
a
sepa a e
species,
wi h
dama ensis
Pe e s,
1870,
as
a
subspecies.
Elle man
e
al.
(1953)
conside
bo h
o
be
subspecies
o
hebaica,
while
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971)
a e
doub ul
wi h
ega d
o
he
subspecies
s a us
wi hin
hebaica.
Howe e ,
hey
acknowledge
he
exis ence
o
o ms
di e ing in
size
h oughou
he
species
ange
in
A ica.
Wi h
subspecies
di e ences
hus
undispu ed
bu
un-
esol ed,
T ans aal
ma e ial
is
he e
e e ed
oE.
L
capansies,
his
being
he
senio
synonym
o
all
sou he n
aces.
DISTRIBUTION:
This
is
a
ela i ely
common
ba
ound
h oughou
he
bush eld
egions
o
he
T ans aal.
As
in
he
T ans aal,
he
ange
o
N.
.
capensis
elsewhe e
in
sou he n
A ica
appea s
o
be
con ined
o
open
woodland.
HABITAT:
The
common
sli - aced
ba
is
a
ca e-dwelling
species
which
also
u ilizes
man-made
s uc u es
such
as
he
da k
in e io s
o
a ics,
disused
buildings,
ombs,
cul e s,
b idges
and
mines
o
i s
day ime
oos s.
Smi he s
(1971)
eco ds
wo
colonies
known
o
ha e
occu ed
in
hollow
boabab
ees
a
Ngoma
and
Gwe a
o
many
yea s.
HABITS:
A
semi-g aga ious
species,
colonies a ying
be ween
6
and
c.600.
Indi iduals
oos
in
loose
agg ega ions,
suspended
by
hei
hind
ee
om
he
oo .
They
eme ge
a
dus
and
hun
indi idually.
This
species
is
a
ela i ely
slow
bu
e y
agile
lie .
I
hun s
abou
a
me e
o
wo
abo e
he
g ound,
easily
a oiding
bushes
and such-
like
obs acles.
I
also
p eys
on
g ound-li ing
insec s.
Acco ding
o
Rose ea
(1965)
he
ul asonic
impulses
necessa y
o
echoloca ion
a e
emi ed
h ough
he
nos ils
and
no
h ough
he
open
mou h
as
is
cus oma y
in
he
Mic ochi op e a.
Field obse a ions
sugges
ha
du ing
he
nigh
his
ba
u ilizes
a
oos
o he
han
he
no mal
day- ime
qua e s,
o
es
and
clean
i sel .
Ve schu en
(1957)
ound
ha
membe s
o
he
amily
Nyc e idae
do
no
eed
on
he
wing,
bu
consume
hei
p ey
a
hese
noc u nal
pe ches,
which
a e
egula ly
used,
as
e idenced
by
aeces
and
insec
emains
on
he
g ound.
N.
hebaica
appea s
no
o
hibe na e.
Winga e
(in
p ep.)
has
ound
i
o
exhibi
seasonal
mig a ions
in
Na al,
al hough
as
ye
i s
des ina ion
in
win e
has
no
been
loca ed.
FOOD:
Insec i o ous,
mos ly
small
insec s
because
o
he
limi ed
gape
o
he
mou h.
Howe e ,
Fel en(1956)
obse ed
he
species
in
S.W.A.
o
egula ly
p ey
upon
sco pions,
which
we e
ca ied
o
a
nea by
disused
s o e oom
whe e
hey
we e
consumed.
BREEDING:
P egnan
emales
we e
collec ed
du ing
Augus
and
Oc obe ,
and
lac a ing
emales
du ing
No embe .
Smi he s
(1971)
eco ded
p egnancies
du ing
Sep embe .
This
sugges s
pa u i ion
du ing
ea ly
summe .
In
each
ins ance
he e
was
one
oe us
in
he
igh
u e ine
ho n.
oMa i
AHOOCSi
sag
w
y
OTSWANA
1
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y
Elb as
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Fig.
36:
The
dis ibu ion
o
N.
hebaica
in
he
T ans aal
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
To .
X
N
Min.
Max.
T.
110,6
39
98
117
H. L
52,8
39
44
57
Ea
10,7
36
9
12
F.a m
33,1
37
28
39
Mass
46,7
17
44
49
10,3
31
9
14
Female
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
113,3
59
90
125
T.
54,9
59
48
63
H.
10,8
54
9
12
Ea
33,3
59
28
38
F.a m
47,9
35
42
51
Mass
11,6
41
7
16
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
121:
Blyde
i e
Na
Res.,
1
(TM);
Bongu
Go ge,
1
(NKW);
Bo deaux,
5
(TM);
Do d ech ,
2
(TM);
Duiwelskloo ,
1
(TM);
Dzundwini,
1
(TM);
G ee swald,
7
(TM);
Hec o sp ui ,
7
(TM);
Howell
Da ies
Ca es,
1
(TM);
Huwi,
6
(TM);
Koma ipoo ,
1
(TM);
Le aba
Ranch,
9
(TM);
Leydsdo p,
2
(TM);
Loskopdam,
6
(TM);
Oli an spoo ,
2
(TM);
Mokee si,
5
(TM);
Mooigenoeg,
5
(TM);
Mooiplaas,
1
(TM);
Mu ale,
1
(TM);
Pa u i,
6
(NKW,
3;
TM
3);
P e o ia,
7
(TM);
P e o iuskop, 1
(TM);
Punda
Milia,
1
(TM);
Rochdale,
1
(TM);
Rooyk ans,
8
(TM);
Sc u on,
1
(TM);
Secheili's
Oude
S a ,
3
(TM);
Shingwidzi,
5
(TM
4;
NKW,
1);
Ten
bosch
Es a e,
5
(TM);
Thabazimbi,
11
(TM,
1
SI,
10);
Tshokwane,
3
(NKW);
Welge onden,
5
(TM).
Addi ional
eco ds:
Open
ci cles
in
K uge
Na ional
Pa k,
a e
Pienaa
(1964).
34
Family
RHINOLOPHIDAE
Rhinolophus
Lacepede,
1799
Key
adap ed
om
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971)
1.
Face
and/o
la e al
ma gins
o
sella
libe ally
u nished
wi h
long
hai s;
connec ing
p ocess
low,
ounded;
g ea es
b ead h
o
ho seshoe
gene ally
o e
9
mm
2
Sella
naked;
connec ing
p ocess
ounded
o
poin ed;
g ea es
b ead h
o
ho seshoe
gene ally
unde
9
mm
3
2.
Fo ea m
62-67;
skull
leng h
26-30
mm
hildeb and ii
Fo ea m
50-60;
skull
leng h
24-25
mm
umiga us
3.
An e io
uppe
p emola ,
when
p esen ,
ex e nal
o
oo h ow;
canine
and
P4
in
con ac ;
connec ing
p ocess
blun ly
poin ed
^
An e io
uppe
p emola
in
oo h ow;
canine
and
P4
no
in
nn a -
>nnn > ina
n ocess
blun
o
sha ol
poin ed
5
4.
Fo ea m
50-57
cli osus
Fo ea m
45-50
da lingi
5.
Fi s
phalanx
o
ou h
inge
no ably
sho ened
in
ela ion
o
me aca pal
leng h
lande i
Fi s
phalanx
o
ou h
inge
no
no ably
sho ened
in
ela ion
o
me aca pal
leng h
^
6.
Sella
cunea e
o
wedge-shaped;
no
ma ked
con as
be ween
c own
a eas
o
an e io
and
pos e io
lowe
p emola s;
o ea m
44-48
blasii
Sella pa allel-sided;
s ong
con as
be ween
c own
a eas
o
an e io
and
pos e io
lowe
p emola s
simula o
Rhinolophus
hildeb and ii
Pe e s,
1878
Hilde b and 's
ho seshoe
ba
Hilde b and se
saalneus le muis
Rhinolophus
h.
hilde b an ii
Pe e s,
1878
DISTRIBUTION:
The
T ans aal
popula ion
o ms
he
sou he n
ex eme
o
he
species
ange
in
A ica.
Th oughou
A ica
his
species
is
es ic ed
o
he
eas
In
he
T ans aal,
as
elsewhe e
h ough
i s
ange,
Hilde b and 's
ho seshoe
ba
is
es ic ed
o
woodland
sa anna.
I
is
inexplicably
absen
om
he
wes e n
woodland
egions
o
no he n
Bo swana,
Cap i i
and
sou heas e n
Angola.
HABITAT:
In
he
T ans aal
eco ded
om
ca es,
mines,
disused
buildings
and,
acco ding
o
Pienaa
(1964),
hollow
boabab
ees.
Bo h
Robe s
(1951)
and
Ansell
(1960)
eco d
he
species
being
ound
hanging
eely
suspended
om
he
b anches
o
ees.
HABITS:
Colonies
a e
small,
12
being
he
bigges
eco ded
(Smi he s,
1971).
Indi iduals
hang
sepa a ely.
Day- ime
qua e s
may
be
sha ed
wi h
such
species
as
Hipposide os
caj e
and
Miniop e ios
sch eibe si,
eg.
a
Sandsp ui
Ca e
no.
1
nea
Thabazimbi.
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
None
o
he
emales
collec ed
in
he
T ans aal
we e
ep oduc i ely
ac i e.
Smi he s
(1971)
eco ded
p egnancies
du ing
Oc obe .
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
117,9
13
Ill
130
T.
38,4
13
33
43
H.
14,7
12 125
16
Ea
31,5
12
27,5
33
F.a m
64,5
6
61
69
Mass
24,1
9
20
26,3
Fig.
37:
The
dis ibu ion
o/R.
hildeb and ii
in
he
T ans aal
Female
To
T.
H.
Ea
F.a m
Mass
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
25:
Bongu
Go ge,
1
(NKW);
DongolaKop,
2
(TM);
Fai ield,
2
(TM);
G ee swald, 1
(TM);
Go ge
Res
Camp,
1
(TM);
Klip on ein,
1
(TM);
Mphahlele
i e ,
1
(TM);
Pa u i,
3
(TM)'
Punda
Milia,
2
(NKW);
Punda
Milia-Machindudzi,
1
V
'»
-
,™
1A/CT .
Tl,o
Hmime
1
X
N
Min.
Max.
117,4
8
Ill
128
38,7
9
35
44
14,4
10
12
17
32,8
9
31
34
64 3
62
66
26,4
8
24
31
Rhinolophus
umiga us
Riippel,
1842
Riippel's
ho seshoe
ba
Riippelse
saalneus le muis
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
Elle man
e
al.
(1953)
sugges
ha
umiga us
is
he
p io
name
o
he
species
o me ly
called
ae hiops,
and
his
iew
is
suppo ed
by
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971).
Whe e
Elle man
e
al.
(1953)
conside
ae hiops
o
be
he
sou he n
ace
o
he
species,
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971)
poin
ou
ha
ecen
au ho s
di e
widely
in
hei
in e p e a ion
o
he
axonomic
ela ionships
o
especially
ae hiops,
and
as
a
consequence
a e
unable
o
de ine
subspecies
o
synonyms.
35

Following
Hayman
and
Hill
(op.
ci .)
no
subspecies
a e
ecognized
in
he
T ans aal.
DISTRIBUTION:
In
sou he n
A ica
he
species
was
o me ly
known
only
om
he
wes ,
om
li le
Namaqualand
o
Angola
(Robe s,
1951);
Elle man
e
al,
(1953).
Ansell
(1960)
subsequen ly
eco ded
i
om
Zambia,
and
ecen ly
Smi he s
(in
li .)
has
shown
i
o
be
ai ly
widesp ead
in
Zimbabwe.
In
he
T ans aal
he
species
is
cu en ly
known
only
om
he
no h-eas ,
iz.
one
locali y
in
he
K uge
Na ional
Pa k
(Rau enbach,
1975),
and
wo
o he s
on
he
Le u hu
i e
jus
ou side
as
well
as
inside
he
Pa k.
HABITAT:
The
wo
specimens
eco ded
om
he
T ans aal
we e
bo h
collec ed
in
hollow
boabab
ees.
Acco ding
o
Rose ea (
1965)
he
species
is
also
o
be
ound
in
ca es
and
smalle
c e ices
o med
by
ock
deb is.
Rose ea
(op.
ci .)
is
o
he
opinion
ha
his
species
is
an
inhabi an
o
open
woodlands,
al hough
i s
p esen
known
ange
in
sou he n
A ica
does
no
ex end
o e
all
known
open
woodlands.
HABITS:
Aellen
(1952)
obse ed
a
small
colony
o
oos
closely
packed
oge he ,
which
is
a ypical
o
he
Rhinolophidae.
The
wo
specimens
collec ed
in
he
T ans aal
we e
bo h
soli a y.
Ve y
li le
is
o he wise
known
o
he
habi s
o
Ruppel's
ho seshoe
ba
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
No
in o ma ion
a ailable.
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Fig.
38:
The
dis ibu ion
o
R.
umiga us
in
he
T ans aal
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
To .
T.
H.
TM
25530:
105
29
10
Female
Chi .
NKW
86:
95
30
9
E.
F.a m. Mass
25
53
14g
24
51
14g
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
3:
On
Le u hu
i e ,
1
(TM);
Le u hu
hippo
pool,
1
(TM);
Machindudzi,
1
(NKW).
Rhinophus
cli osus
C e zschma ,
1826
R.
c.
augu
Ande sen,
1904
R.
c
zuluensis
Ande sen,
1904
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
R.
cli osus
includes,
as
synonyms,
geoj oyi
A.
Smi h,
1829,
and
e umequinum
Dobson,
1878,
as
unde s ood
by
Ha ison
(1959)
and
Ansell
(1960).
R.
c.
zuluensis
includes
zambesiensis
Ande sen,
1904,
as
a
synonym.
R.
c.
augu
and
R.
c.
zuluensis
a e
bo h
he e
conside ed
o
occu
in
he
T ans aal,
he
o me
in
he
wes e n
and
no he n, and
he
la e
in
he
eas e n
T ans aal.
Howe e ,
he
possibili y
ha
zuluensis
may
be
a
synonym
oiaugu
was
men ioned
by
Mees e e
al
(1964)
and
may
well
be
con i med
i
mo e
ma e ial
becomes
a ailable.
The
wo
subspecies
a e
sepa a ed
on
he
basis
o
colou ,
zuluensis
being
da ke .
The
wo
o ms
a e
sympa ic
in
he
P e o ia,
Wi wa e s and
and
Rus enbu g
a ea.
Specimens
in
he
T ans aal
Museum
collec ion
collec ed
be o e
1906
can
be
shown
o
be
consis en ly
ligh e
han
ecen
acquisi ions
om
he
same
a ea,
eg.
he
K uge sdo p
dis ic
This
sugges s
ha
specimens
may
ade
in
ime,
a
possibili y
which
should
be
kep
in
mind
i
he
s a us
o
hese
wo
o ms
is
econside ed
wi h
colou
as
a
diagnos ic
ea u e.
DISTRIBUTION:
Geo ey's
ho seshoe
ba
occu s
h oughou
he
p o ince,
wi h
he
excep ion
o
he
mo e
a id
no hwes e n
T ans aal.
The
species
has
mos
p obably
been
o e looked
in
he
sou hwes e n
T ans aal
and
Geo F oy's
ho seshoe
ba
Geo F oyse
saalneus le muis
HABITS:
R.
cli osus
has
been
one
o
he
species
ecei ing
close
a en ion
du ing
he
pas
15
yea s
h ough
he
ac i i ies
o
he
T ans aal
Museum
Ba
Banding
Commi ee.
The
mos
impo an
poin
ha
has
eme ged
is
ha
his
species
is
mig a o y
only
o
a
limi ed
ex en ,
and
ha
all
known
mig a ions
a e
local.
The
dis u bance
o
banding
ope a ions
may
ha e
a
causal
e ec
on
hese
local
mig a ions.
R.
cli osus
is
no mally
o pid
du ing
win e ,
al hough
i
in e mi en ly
displays
low-le el
ac i i y.
I
oos s
indi idually
o
in
small
colonies
hanging
loosely
om
he
ca e
oo .
These
ba s
eme ge
om
hei
ca e
app oxima ely
30
minu es
a e
sunse .
Hun ing
seems
o
be
a
a
peak
du ing
he
ea ly hou s
o
he
nigh
Geo F oy's
ho seshoe
ba s
we e
on
se e al
occasions
obse ed
es ing
in
egula
nigh ime
oos s
o he
han
he
day ime
e uges.
An
indi idual collec ed
a
Dulls oom
egula ly
came
o
oos
in
a
a mhouse
ki chen.
D oppings
and
he
wings
o
smalle
bee les,
and
specially
mo hs,
cha ac e ize
he
nigh
oos s
o
R.
cli osus.
I
p obably
also
eeds
on
o he
insec s
which
can
be
consumed
in
o o.
FOOD:
En i ely
insec i o ous,
wi h
an
appa en
p e e ence
o
mo hs
and
smalle
bee les.
BREEDING:
P egnan
emales
we e
collec ed
only
du ing
No embe ,
wi h
oe uses
anging
in
c own- ump
leng h
om
25-30
mm.
Only
one
oe us
pe
emale.
in
he
la ge
a ea
o
he
K uge
Na ional
Pa k
be ween
Skukuza
and
Punda
Milia.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
HABITAT:
X
N
Min.
Max.
A
ca e-dwelling
species,
wi h
an
appa en
p e e ence
o
ca es
wi h
To
95,9
63
80
112
high
humidi y.
T.
32,2
63
27
38
36
H.
11,1
57
9
13
Ea
21,1
63
18
24
F.a m
53,1
32
52
56
Mass
16,2
20
13
20
KNOCKS*
oS£na
/
i—y'
lu
I
i Sxkooo
/
2328
S eHcopQ ug
Q
232«
iN.Tod.'S.
Soe- e iJ'o
OP e anbu^
%
i
0
PAiiaw-a
1
"
/
Olhabawn x
0
N»Wmcm
•
n""*
-
%
i
o omwi
:
!
05*—
i
!
/
/
i
1
X
AO*,,#
ORuU bug
—
•
*
OG oC e ai
O
LyOe c^i
• •
2625
/
j
q
Dela y ille
/
i>626
OLicMwbu g
K e m o po
•
•
;p?ANNES8UTO
ON#
E me j
S andmcq/*—
2&0:"'
)
(
m——&<
i
SWAZILAND
j
j
2725
Weima
anssUB
.
B ooMa
x
3^
/
VoilS WjQ.
.
"V
N0»
Fig.
39:
The
dis ibu ion
o
R.
cli osus
in
he
T ans aal
Rhinolophus
da lingi
Ande sen,
1905
R
d.
da lingi
Ande sen,
1905
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
R.
d.
da lingi
includes
ba be onensis
Robe s,
1924,
as
a
synonym.
Elle man
e
al.
(1953)
belie e
ha
R
d
dama ensis
Robe s,
1946,
is also
a
synonym
o
da lingi,
unlike
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971)
who
a e
ollowed
he e.
DISTRIBUTION:
As
elsewhe e
h oughou
i s
ange
in
sou he n
A ica,
he
species
is
es ic ed
in
he
T ans aal
o
bush eld
a eas,
as
well
as
he
eas e n
esca pmen
a
O colaco
and
Leydsdo p.
I
is
p obably
widesp ead
in
hese
wooded
a eas
o
he
T ans aal,
al hough
o e looked
in
many
dis ic s.
HABITAT:
Since
Da ling's
ho seshoe
ba
is
mo e o en
encoun e ed
in
ca es i
is
an
indica ion
ha ,
like
he
es
o
he
Rhinolophidae,
i
is
p incipally
a
ca e-dwelle .
I
has
also
been
collec ed
om
mines
(eg.
G a elo e
mine),
a ics,
dese ed
cons uc ions
and
shallow
ock
c e ices.
All
locali ies
in
he
T ans aal
a e
si ua ed
in
open
woodland.
Two
specimens
we e
colelc ed
in
i e ine
o es
a
G ee swald
37MS,
in
he
icini y
o
ocky
ou c ops,
whe e
a
u he
se ies
was
subsequen ly
collec ed
by
day
in
shallow
c e ices.
HABITS:
Absolu e
da kness
du ing
dayligh
es ing
pe iods
is
no
essen ial
as
specimens
we e
o en
collec ed
oos ing
in
dimly
li
si es,
eg.
ock
c e ices
o
old
abodes.
This
species
oos s
in
small
loose
agg ega ions
o
wo
o
15
indi iduals,
hanging
upside-down
om
ca e
oo s,
a e s,
e c.
Judging
om
he
amoun
o
guano,
hese
oos s
a e
no
occupied
o
p olonged
pe iods.
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
Female
X
N
Min.
Max.
To .
97,2
75
85
11
T.
31,7
75 27
38
H.
10,6
74
8
14
Ea
21,2
75
18
24
F.a m
53,8
28
51
57
Mass
17,0
24
12
25
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
154:
Ba be on,
3
(TM);
Ca e
o
Dea h,
1
(TM);
Cyp us,
2
(TM);
Echo
Ca es,
4
(TM);
F ede iks ad,
1
(TM);
G oenkloo ,
1
(TM);
G oo suike boschkop
and
Elandslaag e,
1
(TM);
Howell
Da is
Ca e,
2
(TM);
Johannesbu g,
1
(TM);
Kas olnek,
3
(TM);
Kos e on ein,
1
(TM);
K uge sdo p,
2
(TM);
Makapans
Ca e,
4
(TM);
Monumen
Pa k,
1
(TM);
Oli an spoo ,
1
(TM);
New
Aga ha
Fo es
Rese e,
8
(TM);
Peppe co n,
1
(TM);
Po che s oom,
6
(TM);
P e o ia,
60(TM,
5;
SI,
55);
Punda
Milia,
1
(NKW);
Sku webe g,
5
(TM);
S e k on ein,
8
(TM);
The
Downs,
1
(TM);
Ui koms ,
6
(TM);
Ui kyk,
5
(TM);
Ven e sk oon,
6
(TM);
Wes
D ie
Fon ein
Ca e,
1
(TM);
Wonde on ein,
17
(TM);
Woodbush,
1
(TM).
Addi ional
eco ds:
Skukuza
(Elle man
e
al.
1953:57).
Fig.
40:
The
dis ibu ion
o
R.
da lingi
in
he
T ans aal
BREEDING:
A
single
p egnan
emale
was
collec ed
du ing
Oc obe ,
wi h
one
22
mm
oe us
in
he
igh
ho n
o
he
u e us.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
X
N
Min.
Max.
To .
81,2
16
70
91
T.
28,5
16
.21
36
H.
9,2
14
8
10
Ea
20,3
13
18
25
F.a m
45,5
4
44
48
Mass
8,0
6 7
9
37
Da ling's
ho seshoe
ba
Da lingse
saalneus le muis
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
48:
Ba iaanspoo ,
6
(TM);
Bi hday
Mines,
1
(TM);
Chikwa akwa a,
1
(RM);
Cyp us,
3
(TM);
Dongola
Kop,
1
(TM);
G a elo e
Mine,
8
(TM);
G ee swald,
4
(TM);
Leydsdo p,
3
(TM);
Makupane
Ca e,
2
(TM);
Malalasp ui ,
1
(NKW);
Malelane,
1
(TM);
Ma upaKop,
1
(NKW);
Mooigenoeg,
2
(TM);
Pla bos, 1
(TM);
P e o ia,
1
(TM);
Skukuza
Koppies,
9
(TM,
5;
NKW,
4);
S ol znekdam,
2
(TM);
Ui kyk,
1
(TM).
Addi ional
eco ds:
Open
ci cle
in
K uge
Na ional
Pa k,
a e
Pienaa
(1964).
Rhinolophus
lande i
Ma in,
1838
Lande 's
ho seshoe
ba
Lande se
saalneus le muis
R.
I.
loba us
Pe e s,
1852
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
Robe s,
1951
ega ds
loba us
as
a
dis inc
species.
The
iew
he e
p esen ed
is
ha
o
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971).
The
wo
ma ked
colou
phases
which
occu
elsewhe e
in
he
ange
o
his
species
(Rose ea ,
1965),
ha e
also
been
no ed
in
he
T ans aal,
namely
a
pale
g ey
o
g ey
b own
phase,
and
a
b igh
u ous
phase.
DISTRIBUTION:
Known
only
om
he
no he n
pa s
o
he
eas e n
T ans aal
low eld.
HABITAT:
In
he
T ans aal
Lande 's
ho seshoe
ba
has
been
no ed
o
u ilize
ca es,
a
pumphouse,
and
a e s
unde
ha ched
oo s
as
dayligh
abodes.
T ans aal
eco ds
indica e
an
associa ion
wi h
d ie
open
woodland,
bu
Rose ea
(1965)
no es
i
o
also
occu
on
high
moun ains,
ain
o es s
and
Guinea
woodland,
suppo ing
he
iew
o
Ve shu en
(1957)
ha
his
ba
is
e y
adap able
o
i s
speci ic
ege a ional
su oundings.
HABITS:
R.
lande i
may
oos
soli a ily,
o
in
small
isola ed
g oups
suspended
om
he
oo ,
no
ac ually
in
bodily
con ac . Eisen au
(1940)
eco ded
some
o pid
indi iduals
in
a
ca e
colony,
while
o he s
we e
ac i e,
sugges ing
ha
body
empe a u e
and
ac i i y
a e
independen
o
en i onmen al
condi ions.
Howe e ,
ecen
s udies
indica e
ha
hibe na ing
ba s become
ac i e
as
a
esul
o
in e nal
as
well
as
ex e nal
s imuli
(see
an
de
Me we,
1973a
and
b,
1975).
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
No
p egnan
o
lac a ing
emales
ha e
been
eco ded
o
da e.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Only
six
specimens
( ou
males
and
wo
emales)
a e
known
om
Female
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
85,5
28
75
95
T.
30,1
28
24
35
H.
8,7
27
7
10
Ea
20,4
26
17
22
F.a m
46,2
17
45
49
Mass
9,4
20
6,5
14
Fig.
41:
The
dis ibu ion
o
R.
lande i
in
he
T ans aal
he
T ans aal,
o
which
ou
a e
housed
in
he
e e ence
collec ion
o
he Na ional
Pa ks
Boa d
in
Skukuza.
Males
Mass
9g
10g
Hg
9
To
T.
H.
E.
F.a m.
TM 25538:
84
27
9
17
44
NKW
(Chi .)
81:
78
25
8,5
19
43
NKW
(Chi .)
82:
80
25
9
19
45
NKW
(Chi .)
72:
75
25
8
16,5
43
Females
NKW
(Chi .)
83:
82
25
8,5
19
44
TM
30554:
80
22
9
20
44
9g
6,9g
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
5:
Le aba
Ranch,
1
(TM);
Ngi i ane,
1
(NKW);
Le u hu,
2
(NKW);
Shi ombe
pan,
1
(TM).
Rhinolophus
blasii
Pe e s,
1866
Peak-saddle
ho seshoe
ba
Spi s-
s
aalneus
le muis
R
b.
empusa
Ande sen,
1904
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
Robe s
(1951)
and
ea lie
au ho s
ega d
empusa
as
a
dis inc
species.
The
mo e
ecen
ea men
o
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971)
is
ollowed
he e.
DISTRIBUTION:
T ans aal
eco ds
a e
oo
sca e ed
o
de ine
he
dis ibu ion
38
pa e n.
I
would
howe e
appea
ha
elsewhe e
in
A ica
his
species
is
es ic ed
o
open
woodland.
As
he
peak-saddle
ho seshoe
ba
occu s
also
in
Zimbabwe,
i
may
ha e
been
o e looed
in
he
no he n
no h-eas e n
T ans aal.
Reco ds
om
he
K uge sdo p
dis ic
ep esen
he
mos
sou he n
limi
o
he
species'
ange
in
A ica.
HABITAT:
Ve y
li le
is
known
o
he
habi a
equi emen s
o
his
species.
Thus
a
i
has
been
epo ed
o
u ilize
only
da k
ca es
and
mines
as
day ime
oos s.
F om
i s
known
ange
i
can
be
concluded
ha
i
is
essen ially
an
inhabi an
o
open
woodland.
HABITS:
F om
isola ed
obse a ions
on
R.
blasii,
beha iou
appea s
o
be
simila
o
ha
o
o he
T ans aal
Rhinolphidae,
in
ha
i
is
p incipally
a
ca e
dwelle .
I
also
ypically
oos s
in
small
g oups
suspended
om
he
ca e
oo s,
wi h
indi iduals
no
in
physical
con ac
Du ing
egula
isi s
o
dolomi e
ca es
in
he
K uge sdo p
dis ic ,
he
species was
eco ded
only
occasionally,
sugges ing
ha
i
is
o
some
ex en
mig a o y,
al hough
i
is
impossible
o
de e mine
whe he
mig a ion
is
seasonal.
R.
blasii
has
been
eco ded
o
hibe na e
in
hese
ca es
du ing
win e .
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
No
p egnan
o
lac a ing
emales
we e
collec ed
in
he
T ans aal.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Males
X
N
Min.
Max.
To .
76,3
18
70
100
T.
26,1
18
21
30
H.
9,1
18
7
10
Ea
18,0
18
15
21
F.a m
44,9
17
41,4
46,7
Mass
4,2
3
2,1
7,5
o«<W
"HCOIV
/
^
/
OTS
WAN*
/
SoaWn kM o
OPW wOu'l
i
/
J
/
OThi l cmbi
ONW&OTl
•" n—
o0hnga*d
!
O eWT M*
i
!
/
J
1
i
X-
°
Zccnjsl
•
o«w«
!
„
,
,|
"
i cml)
•
2625
/'
'
/
Oixhmb^n
Ve^ Mo po
Po cheW oom
KJ« * o o°
2627
RwJ o eui0
°
J^§H4NNES8U*G
o»*
B MiO
Enne a
)
(
&
y
[
SWA2IIAND
']
J
i
y
—
2725
Wc*n»>*nssUC
/
.^W S nmo .
,
.
,
,
Fig.
42:
The
dis ibu ion
o
R.
blasii
in
he
T ans aal
Females
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
75,3
14
62,5
89
T.
26
14
21
30
H.
8,7
14
7
10
Ea
17,5
14
15
20
F.a m
46,0
16
43,3
47,4
Mass
2,6
2
2,1
3
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
37:
Impe ial
Mine,
1
(TM);
K uge sdo p,
4
(TM);
Makapansga ,
5
(TM);
Rooibe g,
2
(TM);
Sandsp ui ,
7
(TM);
Sku webe g,
1
(TM);
S e k on ein,
1
(TM);
Ui kyk,
13
(TM);
Ui koms ,
3
(TM).
Rhinolophus
simula o
Ande sen,
1904
Bush eld
ho seshoe
ba
Bos eld-saalneus le muis
DISTRIBUTION:
In
he
T ans aal
his
species
is
es ic ed
o
undi e en ia ed
AHOO Sl
Mn i
OSMU
/
I
/
»
OTSWANA
E1h »
S ei ooWm
0
So kmekM o
oAm a cu
•
O
Tn Mn
i
oP «U0o «
A
•
o
NiH oow
•
•
Oh ig AS
V
j
o om*
j
i
/
/
/
x
OZm uU
Ko J
O
oG »w«S«i
•
OljOWw i
MMM
Kow o
NWww l
^
O
••
! x-
{
^
/'
•
0c*wy -
i
Obch Abu
Ve wd po
Pe« * *n»
Rjnd o on0
°
^HH NMESSURC
Be h o
) (
^3.
!
j
/
V
j*555
Wcd wwu d
.
BM M
«
?
s
s
s
Vo c* «0.
.
pWaSin oow
A.
_3.-
V.
Fig.
43:
The
dis ibu ion
o
R.
simula o
in
he
T ans aal
woodland
sa anna.
Only
one
eco d
exis s
om
mopane
woodland,
which
he
species
seems
o
a oid
in
Zimbabwe
and
elsewhe e.
The
ange
o R.
simula o
appea s
o
be
es ic ed
by
ain all,
as
known
eco ds
in
sou he n
A ica
(wi h
wo
excep ions)
all
in
a eas
ecei ing
mo e
han
500
mm
p ecipi a ion
pe
annum.
HABITAT:
Reco ded
only
om
he
da k
in e io
o
ca es
and
dese ed
mines.
HABITS:
Al hough
smalle
colonies
a e
o en
encoun e ed,
specimens
aken
om
De depoo ,
Po gie e s us
and
En abeni
S a e
Fo es
we e
all
om
ela i ely
la ge
agg ega ions
o
ci ca
300.
Indi iduals
hang
loosely
suspended
om
he
oo .
Some ca es
and
mines
we e
e y
we
whe eas
o he s
we e
d y,
which
implies
ha
ela i e
humidi y
is
no
i al
in
he
choice
o
a
e uge.
O
12
specimens
collec ed
a
Po gie e s us
du ing
Janua y
1974,
se en
we e
adul
emales
appa en ly
in
he
inal
s ages
o
lac a ion,
judging
om
he
condi ion
o
hei
nipples.
Fi e
subadul s
o
his
se ies
we e
oos ing
away
om
hei
mo he s
and
had
al eady
eached
adul
size
(Fo e-a m
leng h
X =
46,0
mm
as
compa ed
o
46,5
mm
in
se en
adul s).
The
subadul s
we e
g ey
as
compa ed
o
he
u ous
colou a ion
o
he
emales.
F om
p ese ed ma e ial
i
appea s
ha
he
ci ca
300
ba s
p esen
in
he
ca e
a
he
ime
cons i u ed
a
ma e ni y
colony,
and
ha
he
o sp ing
had
become
independen
once
adul
size
was
a ained.
An
all- emale
colony
39
encoun e ed
du ing
Sep embe
showed
a
high
incidence
o
p egnancy.
A
u ous
colou
phase
has
been
eco ded
ini?.
simula o
om
he
eas e n
T ans aal
by
Robe s
(1951).
Acco ding
o
Robe s
(op.
ci .)
he
young
begin
wi h
a
whi ish
u ,
and
hen
pass
h ough
a
yellow
phase
o
he
adul
u ous
phase.
The
u ous
and
no mal
adul
colou
phases
occu
in
he
same
a eas
and
no
o he
di e ences
could
be
ound
be ween
hem.
A
specimen
was
collec ed
in
a
onda el
a
Loskopdam
whe e
i
egula ly
ed
du ing
he
ea ly
e ening
on
insec s
a ac ed
o
he
lamp.
Judging
om
he
amoun
o
guano
ound
unde
colonies,
e uges
a e
u ilized
pe manen ly
o
semi-pe manen ly.
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
In
he
Janua y
se ies
discussed
abo e
se en
adul
emales
we e
lac a ing.
Ano he
se ies
o
11
emales,
aken
du ing
Sep embe
a
De depoo ,
con ained
nine
p egnan
emales.
The
simila i y
in
weigh s
o
subadul s
om
a
Po gie e s us
se ies,
as
well
as
he
simila
sizes
o
oe uses
om
he
De depoo
se ies,
indica e
a
es ic ed
b eeding
season
du ing
ea ly summe .
P egnan
emales
each
ca ied
only
one
oe us,
anging
in
size
be ween
i e
and
se en
millime es.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
X
N
Min..
Max.
To .
76,2
15
64
86
T.
26,2
15
22
30
H.
8,5
15
7
10
Ea
20,8
15
18
23
F.a m
44,5
19
43
46
Mass
8
5
8 8
Females
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
79,2
39
68
90
T.
26,0
39
21
32
H.
7,9
38
7
10
Ea
22,2
39
19
24
F.a m
45,9
39
44,1
48
Mass
9,2
39
8
11
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
67:
Cinnaba ,
2
(TM);
Dongolakop,
1
(TM);
G oo hoek,
12
(TM);
Hec o sp ui ,
5
(TM);
Howell
Da ies
Ca es,
10
(TM);
Impe ial
Mine,
4
(TM);
Klein
Le aba,
1
(TM);
Loskopdam
Na u e
Rese e,
1
(TM);
Mokee si,
1
(TM);
Mooimeisies on ein,
9
(TM);
Mooiplaas,
11
(TM);
Rhoda,
3
(TM);
Rooik ans,
1
(TM);
Rus enbu g,
1
(DM);
Sku webe g
Ca e,
2
(TM);
Ui kyk,
1
(TM);
Wonde boom,
2
(TM).
Family
HIPPOSIDERIDAE
1.
La ge ,
os um
a
leas
hal
as
long
as
b aincase;
o ea m
o e
Smalle ,
os um
less
han
hal
he
leng h
o
b aincase;
o ea m
42
Hipposide os
31-35
Cloeo is
Hipposide os
G ay,
1821
Hipposide os
co e
(Sunde all,
1846)
Sunde all's
lea -nosed
ba
Sunde allse
blaa neus le muis
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
Two
ex eme
colou
phases
occu
in
his
species,
namely
a
common
da k
g ey
phase
wi h
ligh -colou ed
hai -basis, and
an
o ange-
u ous
phase.
In e media e
colou
phases
a e
also
ep esen ed
in
he
T ans aal
Museum
collec ions.
DISTRIBUTION:
Widely
dis ibu ed
in
wooded
a eas
o
A ica,
excep
he
cen al
o es ed
egions
(Hayman
and
Hill,
1971).
In
he
T ans aal
he
species
is
es ic ed
o
he
bush eld
egion.
I
is
conspicuously
absen
in
he
d y
Limpopo
i e
alley
o
he
no h-wes e n
and
no he n
T ans aal.
The e
is
a
endency
o
he
ange
o
his
species
o
be
es ic ed
o
he
abo e
500
mm
ain all
zone
in
he
T ans aal,
Zimbabwe
and
Bo swana.
Excep ions
o
his
a e
o
be
ound
in
he
lowe
ain all
a ea
o
he
no h-eas e n
T ans aal
and
adjoining
sou heas e n
Zimbabwe,
whe e
he
habi a
equi emen s
a e
p obably
me
by
pe manen
i e s
and
associa ed
ege a ion.
HABITAT:
Sunde all's
lea -nosed
ba
is
essen ially
a
ca e
dwelle ,
and
in
he
T ans aal
as
elsewhe e
i
esides
in
colonies
o
se e al
hund eds.
I
also
u ilizes
he
da k
in e io s
o
old
mines.
Smalle
colonies
a e
also
o
be
ound
unde
he
oo s
o
old
houses
and
e en
in
conc e e
pipe
cul e s.
I
appea s
o
be
associa ed
wi h
wooded
egions;
his
may
be
ela ed
o
eeding
beha iou
(see
below).
HABITS:
Unde
op imum
condi ions
H.
co e
cong ega es
in
colonies
o
40
•
LouiiT idS
RHOOCSlF
OS<-M
1
/
1
SWIoopbn*,,
OPi u i
•
O
Ta —an
•
*
%
i
/
1
/
_
..
--^OenJepoo
^Thabwim c
Pw»e i w
Q0 >ngs ad
•i
!-
•
•
•
1
!
I
i
...
°
I ***
•wo
•o_
OG obN*MI
•
OW Q-nk
ol«^i
MM
MM)
A
i
j
o0H e *
/
OUeM*ibu |
wo
^X*$AW«S8UPG
ON*
2630
;
(
j
SWAZILAND
]
J
7^
/
T
Vo cW O.
5!
(.nSh m-
T-
573
V
Fig.
44:
The
dis ibu ion
o
H.
ca Te
in
he
T ans aal
se e al
hund eds.
Indi iduals
oos
well
apa ,
suspended
om
he
ceiling
o
he
e uge.
Smi he s
(1971)
sugges s
ha
i
may
be
dependen on
wa e ,
which
is
bo ne
ou
by
i s
mois u e- es ic ed
ange.
I
is
a
slow,
agile
lye ,
o en
obse ed
lying
con inuously o e
wa e
su aces;
i
has
also
been
obse ed
lying
a
ee- op
le el,
and
e en
some imes
a
g ound
le el
a
k aal
si es
as
obse ed
by
Smi he s
(1971).
Fligh
beha iou
sugges s
ha
i
eeds
on
he
wing
(see
also
Rose ea ,
1965),
al hough
Robe s
(1951)
is
o
he
opinion
ha
i
akes
i s
p ey
om
lea es
and
no
in
ligh
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
No
eco ds
a e
a ailable
o
p egnan
o
lac a ing
emales.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Male
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
86,8
30
73
97,5
T.
28,9
31
23
35
H.
8,7
24
7
10
Ea
14,7
24
10
17
F.a m
47,7
16
46
49
Mass
9,1
17
8
10,5
Females
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
85,5
25
73
92
T.
31,1
26
23
36
H.
8,3
25
5
10
Ea
15,5
25
11
18
F.a m
46,6
15
44
49
Mass
8,4
17
6
15
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
72:
Hec o sp ui ,
9
(TM);
Le u hu
hippo
pool,
1
(TM);
Leydsdo p,
3
(TM);
Loskopdam
Na u e
Rese e,
3
(TM);
Louws
C eek,
1
(TM);
Mokee si,
2
(TM);
Mooimeisies on-
ein,
4
(TM);
Munweni
Ca e,
3
(NKW);
Mu ale,
3
(TM);
Punda
Milia,
1
(NKW):
Rhoda,
19
(TM);
Rus enbu g,
4
(TM);
Shingwidzi,
3
(NKW);
Skukuza,
1
(TM);
S olznekdam,
1
(TM);
Thabazimbi,
2
(SI);
The
Downs,
9
(TM);
Tshokwane,
1
(NKW);
Tzaneen,
1
(TM);
U k
2
(TM);
Zwa hoek,
1
(TM).
Addi ional
eco ds:
Open
ci cles
in
K uge
Na ional
Pa k,
a e
Pienaa
(1964).
Cloeo is
Thomas,
1901
Cloeo is
pe ci ali
Thomas,
1901
Sho -ea ed
iden
ba
D ie andneus-blaa neus le muis
C.
p.
aus alis
Robe s,
1917
DISTRIBUTION:
In
he
T ans aal
he
species
is
known
om
h ee
locali ies
in
he
P e o ia
and
Rus enbu g
dis ic s,
and
om
an
isola ed
locali y
a
Koma ipoo
Howe e ,
i
occu s
widely,
al hough
nowhe e
abundan ,
in
Zimbabwe,
and
is also
o
be
ound
in
no heas e n
Bo swana.
I
is
he e o e
likely
ha
his
species
has
been
o e looked
h oughou
he
no he n
bush eld
egions
o
he
T ans aal.
HABITAT:
All
specimens
we e
aken
in
ca es
and
mines.
HABITS:
Robe s
(1951)
encoun e ed
la ge colonies,
om
which
i
can
be
concluded
ha
his
is
a
g ega ious
species.
No hing
else
is
known
abou
i s
li e
his o y.
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
o*»»
•MOOCS*
M
oS<Ma
/
1
s
2329
L»I
Soe c * u*o
oP con ,
V
i
)
J
/
•
--© *3eooc*
oThabaanb
PWgWc i
0O»n*»j
"V
OVc nNw*
!
j
i
x
°
Zw-V
Kcaie O
AdWl UI
O&DMOM
OW ba *
OL^w,
Ba a n
ss —
h
i
i
i
j
0D j»e»wii«
/
OLdi e i
een m ixoo
Pl cW oom
°
^«HANNE580RG
Bee-Jo
;
i
J
/
7
Vo cVMlO.
®
pWaiiinouoai
V..I
BREEDING:
No
p egnan
o
lac a ing
emales
we e
collec ed.
Smi he s
(1971)
eco ded
p egnancies
du ing
Oc obe .
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Males
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
62,8
4
57
69
T.
27,3
4
23
31
H.
6,5
4
6 7
Ea
8,5
4
8
9
F.a m
34,1
6
33,1
34,7
Mass
_
-
_
Fig.
45:
The
dis ibu ion
o
C.
pe ci ali
in
he
T ans aal
Females
X
N
Min.
Max.
To
62,3
4
56
68
T.
25,0
4
22
27
H.
6,3
4
6
7
Ea
8,4
4
8
9
F.a m
34,3
4
33,2 35,2
Mass
-
_ _ _
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
10:
Koma ipoo ,
1
(TM);
Mooimesies on ein,
5
(TM);
Rus enbu g,
1
(TM);
Wa e be g,
1
(TM);
Wonde boom,
2
(TM).
Family
VE
SPERTILIONID
AE
1.
Second
phalanx
o
hi d
digi
abou
h ee
imes
as
long
as
i s ;
b aincase
high
and
ounded
Miniop e inae
Second
phalanx
o
hi d
digi
no
especially
elonga ed
2
2.
Ea s
no
unnel-shaped,
wi hou
deep
ema gina ion
below
ip;
agus
sho
and
b oad,
o
long
and
na ow,
bu
no
sha ply
poin ed;
b aincase
no
pa icula ly
high
and
ounded
Ve spe ilioninae
Ea s
unnel-shaped,
wi h
deep
ema gina ion
below
ip;
agus
long,
na ow,
sha ply
poin ed;
b aincase
high
and
ounded
...
Ke i oulinae
41
Sub amily
VESPERTILIONINAE
1.
Six
uppe ,
six
lowe
cheek
ee h
on
each
side
Myo is
Less
han
six
uppe
and
six
lowe
cheek
ee h
2
2.
Two
uppe
inciso s
on
each
side
3
One
uppe
inciso
on
each
side
5
3.
Wings
wi h
a
conspicuous
da k
e icula e
pa e n
on
a
pale
backg ound
Glauconyc e is
Wings
unicolou
4
4.
Uppe
jaw
wi h
wo
p emola s
on
each
side
...
Pipis ellus
Uppe
jaw
wi h
one
p emola
on
each
side
Ep esicus
5.
Skull
wi h
a
dis inc
pos e io ly-p ojec ing
helme ;
ea
agus
long,
ape ing
Sco ophilus
Skull
no mal;
ea
agus
hal -moon
shaped
Nyc iceius
Myo is
Kaup,
1829
1.
Wing
and
in e emo al
memb anes and
o ea m
conspicuously
pa -colou ed
(black
and
ed)
welwi schii
Wing
and
in e emo al
memb anes
no
pa i-colou ed
...
2
2.
Size
la ge ,
o ea m
47
-
52
mm
icolo
Size
smalle ,
o ea m
36-40
mm;
colou
ypically
o ange-
u ous
on
back
bocagii
Myo is
(Ch ysop e on)
welwi schii
(G ay,
1866)
Welwi sch's
hai y
ba
Welwi schse
langhaa le muis
DISTRIBUTION:
Th oughou
i s
ange
in
A ica
his
a e
species
is
known
only
om
sca e ed
locali ies.
In
he
T ans aal
i
is
known
om
six
locali ies,
h ee
in
he
eas e n
T ans aal
low eld,
one
in
he
no hwes e n
bush eld,
and
wo
on
he
high eld.
HABITAT:
A
specimen
om
Boksbu g
was
collec ed
in
a
ac o y.
Two
specimens
om
he
K uge
Na ional
Pa k
we e
bo h
collec ed
by
day,
oos ing
indi idually
in
a
sc ubby
bush
in
he
Lebombo
moun ains.
No hing
is
known
o
he
condi ions
unde
which
he
Bel as
specimen
was
collec ed.
HABITS:
F om
he
isola ed
encoun e s
men ioned
abo e,
i
would
appea
ha
Welwi sch's
ba
is
soli a y
in
habi s.
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
a?
OSDMA
/
i
Si»«ooe©o«0
SoC-Ti ^aa-
o
o V e Mx-g
OTuncan
cul
%
i
%
}
1
' i
^..•-©O deooon
»
Olhibu mbi
Po gW KW*
o0Mg«»J
"
i
oVcwoe*
I
!
/
/
1
/
_
.y
°
Zee us*
ORus enbu g
cG obia M*
OLxmx*
•
B» *«70O
?625
S
•
1
Obcnweo g
V WSO
Pe e ie oo
2627
R»*J on an
°
ON"
En * i
S^nde oy-—'
2630
)
c
?631
Y
!
SWA2ILANO
]
J
—
i«oooooo
T
.
pWekke s w
.-" .
?-
BREEDING:
No
in o ma ion
a ailable.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Two
o
he
specimens
known
om
he
T ans aal
a e
housed
in
he
Skukuza
e e ence
collec ion
o
he
Na ional
Pa ks
Boa d.
They
a e:
To .
T.
H.
Ea
F.a m
Mass
NKW(Chi .)
98:9
109
54
8
22
57
?g
Unca alogued
and
un-
sexed:
116
50
9,5
22
57
14,3g
Fig.
46:
The
dis ibu ion
o
M.
welwi schii
in
he
T ans aal
Only
one
o
he
wo
T ans aal
Museum
specimens
has
been
measu ed
namely:
TM
17035:
§:
127
61
10
18
57
=
?g
RECORDS
OF
OCCURENCE:
Specimens
examined,
6:
Boksbu g,
1
(TM);
Doo nsloo ,
1
(RNM);
Elandsklip,
1
(TM);
Ma ukwa adam,
1
(NKW);
Nwaswi sake,
1
(NKW).
Unnamed
locali y
a
25°03'S;
31°32'E,
1
(NKW).
Myo is
(Selysius)
icolo
(Temminck,
1832)
DISTRIBUTION:
In
he
T ans aal
i
is
eco ded
om
he
no h
and
sou h-eas e n
T ans aal
low eld,
and
om
he
cen al
and
sou he n
T ans aal.
All
a ailable
eco ds
o
M.
icolo
in
sou he n
A ica
a e
om
a eas
wi h
mean
annual
ain all
o 500
mm
o
mo e,
which
explains
i s
absence
om
he
no he n
T ans aal.
The
ange
o
he
Cape
hai y
ba
is
possibly
also
a ec ed
by
he
a ailabili y
o
sui able
ca es.
Temminck's
hai y
ba
Temminckse
langhaa le muis
All
o e
A ica
his
species
has
an
eas e ly
dis ibu ion,
and
his
may
explain
why
i
has
no
been
eco ded
om
he
sou h-wes e n
T ans aal.
HABITAT:
M.
icolo
p e e s
ca es
o
disused
mining
adi s
and
day ime
e ea s.
The
su ounding
eld
ypes
do
no
appea
o
be
o
any
g ea
impo ance
as
i
occu s
in
mos
o
he
bush eld
as
well
as
pa s
o
he
42
KMOCXSlI
1
OlSWAH*
|
Ban
Sl *«o j«0
2329
LOj'
oPiewnBu'g
i
I
/
oTh^mb.
o
N|WMm
3
O aMM
j
/
/
i
/
°
Zee usl
ORusanbu g
^
OWHUn*
O
Lyd nOu'g
H«ho
*OP"l*>OC^J
•
=
/
/
SJ5
y
j
/
OUcM a ai
Rand on in0
o
,
p-HEsauRO
ONigc
Be Tolo
Emm
2S—
)
(
_—
l
I
J
27*5
Wc c w n-'-
m
2755
y
yo km^Q.
pWeie« n oe«n-.-X
Fig.
47:
The
dis ibu ion
o
M.
icolo
in
he
T ans aal
high eld
g assland.
As
sugges ed
by
Robe s
(1951),
i
would
appea
ha
Temminck's
hai y
ba
is
pa ial
o
e uges
wi h
highe
ela i e
humidi ies.
HABITS:
A
social
species
which
no mally
cong ega es
in
ai
numbe s,
ei he
hanging
o
clinging
wi h
o e
and
hind
claws o
he
oo .
I
is
mig a o y
o
a
limi ed
ex en
as
i
i egula ly
isi s
he
K uge sdo p
dolomi e
ca es.
These
mig a ions
a e
unlikely
o
be
seasonal
as
specimens
ha e
been
collec ed
h oughou
he
yea
in
bo h
high eld
and
bush eld
ca es.
FOOD:
Insec i o ous.
BREEDING:
No
p egnan
o
lac a ing
emales
ha e
been
collec ed
in
he
T ans aal.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
MASS:
Males
X
To
106,2
T.
44,0
H.
10,7
Ea
16,0
F.a m
49,9
Mass
12,4
Female
x
To
108,7
T.
49,2
H.
11,3
Ea
16,9
F.a m
50,9
Mass
11,7
RECORDS
OF
OCCURRENCE:
Specimens
examined,
39:
Ca e
o
Dea h,
1
(TM);
Ficus
Ca e,
5
(TM);
Ga s on ein,
1
(TM);
I ene,
3
(TM);
Louws
C eek,
4
(TM);
Makapans
Ca e,
3
(TM);
Pa u i,
1
(TM);
Peppe co n
Ca e,
3
(TM);
Sa a a,
1
(NKW);
Schu webe g
Ca es,
3
(TM);
S e k on ein,
1
(TM);
Ui koms ,
4
(TM);
Ui kyk,
4
(TM);
Ven e sk oon,
4
(TM);
Zandsp ui
Ca es,
1
(TM).
N
Min.
Max.
14
95
118
14
35
54
13
9,5
13
14 14
19
14
47,5
52,0
5
8
15
N
Min.
Max.
21
95
121
20
43
56
21
10
13
21
13
19
19
46,6
53,4
6
10
14
Myo is
bocagii
(Pe e s,
1870)
Ru ous
hai y
ba
Rooi-langhaa le muis
M.
b.
bocagii
(Pe e s,
1870)
TAXONOMIC
NOTES:
Two
subspecies
a e
ecognized
by
Hayman
and
Hill
(1971),
namely
cup eolus
Thomas,
1904
om
wes e n
A ica,
and
he
nomina e ace
om
cen al
and
eas e n
A ica.
DISTRIBUTION:
The
species
is
widely
dis ibu ed
in
eas ,
cen al
and
wes
A ica,
he
wes e n
ace
being
associa ed
wi h
o es s
and
he
eas e n
ace
wi h
sa annas.
The
se ies
aken
du ing
1979
a
Pa u i
ep esen s
he
sou he n-mos
limi
o
dis ibu ion
o
his
species,
and
is
he
i s
eco d
o
occu ence
o
he
u ous
hai y
ba
wi hin
he
bo de s
o
he
Republic
o
Sou h
A ica.
HABITAT:
Ve y
li le
is
known
abou
his
animal.
Hayman
and
Hill
(op.
ci .)
ema k
ha
he
nomina e
ace
occu s
mos ly
in
sa anna
egions,
whe eas
cup eolus
is
ound
p edominan ly
in
high
o es s.
Du ing
an
in ensi e
su ey
p og am
in
he
no he n
egions
o
he
K uge
Na ional
pa k,
his
species
was
eco ded
exclusi ely
wi hin
high
ipa ian
o es s
a
he
Le u hu
and
Limpopo
i e s
con luence.
Rose ea
(1965)
ound
ha
he
wes
A ican
ace
u ilizes
dense
oliage
as
day ime
oos s.
Indi iduals
we e
ound
clinging
o
he
b oad
lea es
o
o es
loo
opical
plan s.
O he s
we e
ound
inside
he
shea h
o
wa e
lily plan s,
in
a he
simila
si uaions
as
p e e ed
by
P.
nanus,
he
banana
ba
I
hus
seems
easable
ha
popula ions
o
he
nomina e
ace,
al hough
dis ibu ed
widely
h ough
sa anna
egions,
ac ually
ind
e uge
only
in
ipa ian
o es s
Fig.
47a:
The
dis ibu ion
o
M.
bocagii
in
he
T ans aal
whe e
oos s
o
he
opical
ype
as
desc ibed
by
Rose ea
(op.
ci .)
abounds.
HABITS:
Occu s
singly
o
in
small
numbe s
in
hei
day ime
oos s
43