Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
93
Na ional Social Assis an P og amme
Niw u i Na ayan Nanwa e
Ad .B.D.Hamba de Maha idyalaya Ash i
Manusc ip ID:
JRD -2025(I)-170922
ISSN: 2230-9578
Volume 17
Issue 9(I)|
Pp. 93-99
Sep . 2025
Submi ed: 9 Aug. 2025
Re ised: 20 Aug. 2025
Accep ed: 20 Sep . 2025
Published: 30 Sep . 2025
Abs ac
India, despi e achie ing imp essi e economic g ow h o e he pas wo decades, con inues o ace
challenges o po e y, inequali y, and inadequa e social p o ec ion. A signi ican p opo ion o he
popula ion emains dependen on go e nmen wel a e schemes, pa icula ly social assis ance p og ammes
like pensions, subsidies, and cash ans e s. This s udy ocuses on he pe o mance o cash ans e
schemes unde he Na ional Social Assis ance P og amme in Nanded dis ic , Maha ash a. Using bo h
p ima y and seconda y da a, wi h su eys conduc ed in Bhoka and Hadgaon alukas, he esea ch
analyses bene icia ies’ socio-economic p o iles, en olmen pa e ns, accessibili y issues, and leakages in
schemes such as he Indi a Gandhi Na ional Old Age Pension Scheme. Findings e eal ha while schemes
p o ide c ucial inancial secu i y o disad an aged g oups (elde ly, widows, and disabled), i egula
paymen s, documen a y equi emen s, lack o awa eness, and cas e-based dispa i ies limi hei
e ec i eness. Many bene icia ies depend on pensions o basic needs like ood and heal hca e, bu
i egula disbu semen o ces hem in o bo owing and inancial dis ess. The s udy concludes ha
e ec i e implemen a ion, educ ion in leakages, imely disbu semen , and g ea e awa eness can enhance
he ole o cash ans e schemes in po e y alle ia ion and social inclusion.
Keywo ds
Na ional Social Assis ance P og amme (NSAP),Cash T ans e Schemes,Old Age Pension,Social
Secu i y,Po e y Alle ia ion,Bene icia ies’ Socio-Economic P o ile,Cas e Dispa i ies
In oduc ion:
Despi e a sus ained pe iod o high economic g ow h and signi ican expendi u e on he
social sec o , nea ly 19 pe cen o cen al go e nmen expendi u e in India aces a mul iple
de elopmen conund um because India's jobless and non-inclusi e g ow h has li le impac on
incidence g ow h. The g oss domes ic p oduc o he Indian economy has app oxima ely g own
a an a e age o 7% in he las wo decades. Despi e ha ing such a high a e age g ow h a e,
almos 23.6% o people li e a 1.25 pe day (in pu chasing powe pa i y e ms) and 59.2% a 2
pe day as pe an es ima e o 2011 by he Wo ld Bank; howe e , po e y has declined in India
in he las wo decades. The ailu e o he ma ke o ake ca e o he poo and weake sec ions o
socie y emains high, which makes i impe a i e o he go e nmen o in e ene and ini ia e
a ious wel a e measu es and social p o ec ion policies. I aises he need o suppo o people
expe iencing po e y and he ulne able h ough go e nmen schemes, which a e gene ally
e med social p o ec ion schemes.1
Social p o ec ion has many de ini ions gi en by di e en agencies. In gene al, social p o ec ion
is a "se o policies and p og ammes designed o educe po e y and ulne abili y by p omo ing
e iciency, labou ma ke s, diminishing people's exposu e o isks, enhancing hei capaci y o
p o ec hemsel es agains haza ds and in e up ing loss o income. The e o e, social p o ec ion
ocuses on educing isks and ulne abili y in socie y h ough exogenous in e en ions in he
ma ke economy, apa om hose o go e nmen agencies. Such in e en ions may also come
om in o mal ne wo ks, public assis ance, and olun a y o ganisa ions o p e en , manage and
assis people expe iencing po e y in o e coming isks and ulne abili ies.2
Quick Response Code:
Websi e:
h ps://j d b.o g/
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.16885235
C ea i e Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
This is an open access jou nal, and a icles a e dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion-NonComme cial-Sha eAlike 4.0 In e na ional Public License, which allows o he s o emix,
weak, and build upon he wo k noncomme cially, as long as app op ia e c edi is gi en and he new
c ea ions ae licensed unde he iden ial e ms.
Add ess o co espondence:
Niw u i Na ayan Nanwa e ,Ad .B.D.Hamba de Maha idyalaya Ash i
How o ci e his a icle:
Niw u i Na ayan Nanwa e,(2025). Na ional Social Assis an P og amme,Jou nal o Resea ch
& De elopmen , 17(9(I)),93-99
O iginal A icle
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
94
Ou cons i u ion ensu es equali y, eedom, jus ice, and digni y o all ci izens o he coun y, including pe sons wi h
disabili ies, wi hou any disc imina ion, which implies an inclusi e socie y o all. A icle 41 o he cons i u ion o
India, ela ing o he igh o wo k, educa ion and public assis ance in ce ain cases, s a es ha ' he s a e shall, wi hin he
limi s o i s economic capaci y and de elopmen , make e ec i e p o ision o secu ing he igh o wo k, o educa ion
o he assis ance o unemploymen , old age sickness and disablemen , and in o he cases o unde se ed wan .
Disabili y is mainly a s a e subjec , "Relie o he disabled and unemployable" is in he se en h schedule o he
cons i u ion. "Disabili y" also appea s in he 11 h & 12 h schedules (abou panchaya s & Municipali ies) o he
cons i u ion. In his manne 11 h schedule: En y No. 26:- social wel a e, including he wel a e o handicapped and
men ally e a ded", and 12 h schedule: en y No.9:- "sa egua ding he in e es s o weake sec ions o socie y, including
he disabled and men ally e a ded. In his sec o , he e a e ou legisla ions, namely, he Rehabili a ion Council o India
Ac 1992, pe sons wi h Disabili ies (Equal Oppo uni ies, p o ec ion o Righ s and Full Pa icipa ion) Ac 1995:
Na ional T us o he wel a e o pe sons wi h Au ism, ce eb al palsy, men al e a da ion and mul iple disabili ies Ac ,
1999 and men al Heal h Ac , 1997, (ou o hese, he i s h ee legisla ions a e deal in he minis y o social jus ice and
empowe men and he ou h in he minis y o heal h and amily wel a e)4
Impo ance o Subjec :
In ac , old pension schemes a e a small bu ela i ely impo an pa o India's sa e y ne . Money is c edi ed
o bank o pos o ice accoun s. I he sponso has no c edi o hei accoun , he poo old people canno ul il hei
needs because pension schemes a e he main sou ce o poo old people. Sunjay Gandhi Ni adha Yojna, Subsides on
Fe ilise , Subsides o Gas Cylinde , o cou se, o he las consume o he sys ems. Di ec cash ans e s aim o
p o ide poo people wi h money and gi e hem he eedom o choose wha o do wi h i . Cash T ans e s a e easy o
deli e and moni o and a e la ge enough o a ec household income. Mos leakages would be educed wi h cash
ans e schemes. In his way, he u al ecosys em is making s ong and poo people come; in he bank sys em and
go e nmen , i is easy o calcula e he posi ion o he economy. The e o e, he go e nmen mo ed o a cash ans e
scheme. Cash ans e s help people escape o a oid po e y. They help imp o e he ecipien 's heal h and nu i ion
s a us, pa icula ly child en. Cash ans e s inc ease people's eedom o make decisions abou hei li es and p o ide
g ea e con ol o e he way hey plan hei ac i i ies. Cash ans e is a educ ion in income inequali y. In his
backg ound, he p esen esea ch is an a emp o s udy he pe o mance o cash ans e schemes in he Nanded dis ic
o Maha ash a.India is home o one- i h o he wo ld's popula ion, which includes a hi d o he wo ld's poo and one-
eigh h o he wo ld's elde ly. Thus, i s s a egy o p o iding social secu i y o olde people is o global in e es .24
Popula ion ageing is one o he mos discussed global phenomena in he p esen cen u y. I is gene ally exp essed as
olde indi iduals o ming a la ge sha e o he o al popula ion. This p ocess is a conside a ion o demog aphic
achie emen wi h a decline in bi h and olde ages. These inc eases in he elde ly popula ion a e he esul o changing
e ili y and mo ali y egimes o e he las 40 o 50 yea s. Po e y is an impo an ac o causing economic ha dships
in many amilies, and mo e so among he elde ly. The elde ly in poo amilies su e om inancial and economic
ha dship i hey lose hei amily suppo . I is impo an ha he g owing social and heal h equi emen s o elde s ha e
o be add essed op imally and comp ehensi ely. The esponsibili y o aking ca e o olde people's heal h and well-
being es s wi h socie y, as hey a e no longe able o end o hemsel es. This has h own a spo ligh on he
impo ance o old-age income secu i y schemes.26
Ma ginalisa ion isola ion o dina ion in old age is among he mos common issues ha a e a ec ing olde
women cons an ly. Olde women, who a e s ill li ing wi h hei sons / daugh e s and g andchild en, a e also su e ing
om emo ional aliena ion. Due o as changing socio-economic scena io o he coun y, as aced mode n li e s yle &
apid u banisa ion ac oss he elde ly amily membe s, popula i y o nuclea amily sys em has i ually c ushed s ong
adi ional bond be ween g and-child en. Olde women who li e in ci ies a e p one o social aliena ion in compa ison o
olde women o in age. Join amily sys em is s ill ali e in u al a eas. Due o lack o social p o ec ion, old women a e
o ced o lead a li e ull o dis ess. 28 A widow is conside ed des i u e i she is wi hou any egula income o sou ce o
income and i she has no ela ions o 20 yea s o age, pa icula ly a son, g andson o spouse. Widows wi hou any
ela i e and who do no ha e any o m o egula employmen o who do no ha e help ul ela ions a e also ela ed as
des i u e.29Social secu i y pensions a e mean o help some disad an aged sec ions o socie y (such as he elde ly,
widows and disabled pe sons) o li e wi h digni y by gi ing hem some basic inancial secu i y. The pension ce ainly
has g ea impo ance in he li es o olde people, as mos o hem a e ei he unable o ea n a li ing o hemsel es o
canno do so due o social ac o s In ecen yea s, cash ans e p og ams ha e become inc easingly popula in many
de eloping coun ies wo ldwide. A g owing numbe o go e nmen s ha e in oduced ans e schemes o sec ions o
hei popula ion, and se e al ha e expanded hem o he na ional le el. In addi ion, a ious mul ila e al and bila e al
dono agencies ha e ac i ely suppo ed expe imen al cash ans e schemes in a ious pa s o he wo ld.
Objec i es:
The s udy seeks o achie e he ollowing objec i es.
1. To s udy he cash ans e schemes in Maha ash a.
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
95
2. To s udy he social ca ego y - wise socio-economic p o ile o he bene icia ies o cash ans e schemes in Nanded
dis ic o Maha ash a.
3. To s udy he social ca ego y - wise di icul ies in he access o cash ans e schemes in Nanded dis ic o
Maha ash a.
4. To s udy he leakages in cash ans e schemes in Nanded dis ic o Maha ash a.
Resea ch Me hodology:
The i s impo an ques ion pe ains o he me hod o selec ion o samples ega ding illages and u al households.
The su ey is he me hod o collec in o ma ion o unde s and he u al economy, households’ income, socio-economic
condi ions and occupa ions. The p ima y da a is collec ed h ough he combina ion o quan i a i e (sample su ey) and
Quali a i e (in e iew) me hods. The cash and kind ans e schemes like old age Pension Scheme, sel -employmen
scheme, LPG Scheme, Janani Su ksha Yojana, Ind a Awas yojana a e analyzed o p esen s udy. The pu posi e
andom sampling me hod echnique is used o ield in es iga ion. The Nanded dis ic has ben selec ed o he s udy
because i was he dis ic selec ed o he pilo p ojec o he implemen a ion o cash ans e scheme in Maha ash a
in 2012. 02 Tahsils (Bhoka and Hadgaon) ha e been chosen om Nanded dis ic on he basis o highes numbe o
bene icia ies o he cash and kind ans e schemes in he dis ic . Bhosi illage om Bhoka and Ash i om Hadgaon
auqas we e andomnly selec ed. The dis ance o illages om he aluqa and con enience o access he illages we e
he c i e ia o hei selec ion. To al 877 househods om hese wo illages we e su eyed o ind ou he bene icia ies
o cash and kind ans e schemes. To al 350 bene icia ies o hese schemes we e ound in hese 02 illages o Bhoka
and Hadgaon aluqa. Seconda y da a equi ed o his s udy we e collec ed om a a ie y sou ce such as epu ed
jou nals, esea ch epo s, su ey epo s, books, in e ne e c. The collec ed da a is ep esen ed in he o m o ables and
g aphs. The da a is analyzed wi h he help o equi ed s a is ical ools such as g aphs, diag ams, pe cen age, a e age e c
Indi a Gandhi Na ional Old Age Pension Scheme (Indi a Gandhi Rash iya Vayo udha Yojana (IGRVY)
In he cu en s udy, we ha e deal wi h a ious schemes and hei bene icia ies. The pu pose o his is o shed
ligh on whe he he esiden s o emo e a eas bene i om he schemes, hei c i e ia o selec ion, he equi ed
documen s o he scheme, e c. Fo he pu pose o he s udy, we selec ed six schemes in o al. The i s one is he Indi a
Gandhi Rash iya Vayo udha Yojana.
1.1 En olmen unde IGRVY Scheme o Responden s:
Table 1.1 shows he en olmen unde IGRVY o eligible pe sons om selec ed s udy a eas.
Table No. 1.1
En olmen unde IGRVY Scheme
En olmen s a us
o he scheme
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Yes
27 (87.10)
3.0 (100)
17 (94.44)
10 (100)
57 (91.94)
No
4.0 (12.90)
0 (0)
1.0 (5.56)
0.0 (0)
5.0 (8.06)
To al
31 [50.00]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s show % ou o 62.
Table no. 1.1 shows he en ollmen unde he IGRVY scheme o he s udy a ea. Ou o a o al o 62 eligible
esponden s, 57 (91.94%) we e en olled in he scheme. Howe e , he emaining 5 (8.06%) we e no en olled ini ially
because hey we e unawa e o he same. Bu la e , hey we e en olled. The s udy ound ha , ou o 62 esponden s,
(87.10%) SCs ca ego ies o bene icia ies we e ini ially en olled unde his scheme. A highe numbe o bene icia ies o
gene al ca ego ies (100%) bene icia ies we e ini ially en olled unde his scheme, ollowed by OBC ca ego ies
(94.44%).
1.2 Sou ce o In o ma ion abou he IGRVY Scheme o Responden s:
Table no.1.2 shows in o ma ion abou he IGRVY scheme o bene icia ies om selec ed s udy a eas.
Table No. 1.2
Sou ce o In o ma ion abou he IGRVY Scheme
To whom ge he
in o ma ion
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
G amse ak
22 (70.97)
3 (100)
9 (50)
10 (100)
44 (70.97)
Tala hi
1.0 (3.23)
0.0
4 (22.22)
0.0
5 (8.06)
Sa panch
3.0 (9.68)
0.0
2 (11.11)
0.0
5 (8.06)
Family Membe
1.0 (3.23)
0.0
0.0.
00
1 (1.61)
Rela i es
3.0 (9.68)
0.0
3 (16.67)
0.0
6 (9.68)
O he
1.0 (3.23)
0.0
0.0
0.0
1 (1.61)
To al
31 [50.00]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s shows % ou o 62
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
96
Table no.1.2 shows he sou ce o in o ma ion on he IGRVY scheme o bene icia ies. Ou o a o al o 62 esponden s,
44 (70.97%) ha e ecei ed he in o ma ion om G amse ak, and he emaining om Tala hi, Sa panch, ela i es, e c.
The s udy ound ha 70.97% o SC ca ego y bene icia ies we e in o med abou he scheme. (100.0%) o ST and
gene al ca ego y bene icia ies we e in o med abou he scheme om G amse ak. Thus, he e is cas e disc imina ion in
he sou ce o in o ma ion.
1.3 Di icul ies o En olmen unde IGRVY Scheme o Responden s :
Table no.1.3 shows he di icul ies o nomina ion unde he IGRVY scheme o bene icia ies om he selec ed
s udy a eas.
Table No. 1.3
Di icul ies o En olmen unde IGRVY scheme
Di icul ies o nomina ion
unde IGRVY scheme
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Documen s
25 (80.65)
1 (33.33)
12 (66.67)
10 (100)
48 (77.42)
Whe e & How o Regis e
5.0 (16.13)
2 (66.67)
6 (33.33)
0.0
13 (20.97)
Commission
1.0 (3.23)
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0 (1.61)
To al
31 [50]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s shows % ou o 62
Table no. 1.3 gi es in o ma ion abou di icul ies in en ollmen unde he scheme. Ou o a o al o 62
esponden s, he majo i y o esponden s, 48 (77%), ha e aced di icul y ega ding hei documen s. 13 (21%) ha e
aced di icul ies ega ding he p ocess and loca ion o egis a ion. The s udy ound ha he majo i y o SCs (25,
80.65%) bene icia ies ha e aced documen s ega ding di icul ies, ollowed by STs (66%) and OBCs (33.3%). As
compa ed o SCs, STs, and OBCs, gene al ca ego y bene icia ies ha e no aced p oblems ega ding documen s.
1.4 C i e ia o Selec ion in he IGRVY Scheme o Responden s:
The ollowing able no.1.4 shows he c i e ia o he selec ion o IGRVY scheme bene icia ies om he
selec ed s udy a eas.
Table No. 1.4
C i e ia o Selec ion in he IGRVY scheme
C i e ia o
Selec ion in he
IGRVY Scheme
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Age
8 (25.81)
0.0
3 (16.67)
8 (80.0)
19 (30.64)
BPL
23 (74.19)
2.0
14 (77.76)
0.0
39 (62.90)
Widow
0.0
1 (33.33)
0.0
2 (20.00)
3 (4.83)
O he
0.0
0.0
1 (5.56)
0.0
1 (1.61)
To al
31 [50]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s show % ou o 62.
Table No. 1.4 shows he selec ion c i e ia o esponden s o he s udy a ea. Ou o a o al o 62 selec ed
esponden s unde IGRVY, he majo i y o esponden s, 39 (62.90 %) we e selec ed on he basis o BPL c i e ia, and
19 (30.64%) we e selec ed on he basis o age. The s udy ound ha a highe numbe o gene al (80.0%) ca ego y
esponden s bene i ed unde his scheme om age c i e ia, ollowed by OBCs ca ego ies (77.76%) bene icia ies.
(74.91%) o SCs bene i ed unde his scheme on he basis o BPL c i e ia.
1.5 Mon hly A ailabili y o Pension unde IGRVY scheme:
Table no.1.5 shows he selec ed s udy a eas and he c i e ia o selec ion in he IGRVY scheme o bene icia ies.
Table No. 1.5
Mon hly A ailabili y o Pension
Pension Ge ing
mon hly
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Yes
19 (61.29)
0 (0)
4 (22.22)
7 (70.00)
30 (48.39)
No
12 (38.71)
3 (100)
14 (77.78)
3 (30.00)
32 (51.61)
To al
31 [50]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
97
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s shows % ou o 62
Table no. 1.5 shows he mon hly a ailabili y o pensions o bene icia ies. Ou o a o al o 62 selec ed
esponden s, only 30 (48.39%) we e ge ing a mon hly pension. I can be obse ed om he s udy ha he majo i y o
gene al (70%) ca ego y bene icia ies go a mon hly pension. Compa ed o he gene al ca ego y, a lowe p opo ion o
SCs (61.0%) go a mon hly pension, ollowed by OBCs (22.0%). Thus, he majo i y o bene icia ies o he IGRVY
we e no ge ing mon hly.
1.6 In o ma ion abou Complain Au ho i y unde he IGRVY Scheme:
The ollowing able no.1.6 shows he in o ma ion abou he complain au ho i y o he scheme om selec ed a ea
Table No. 1.6
In o ma ion abou Complain Au ho i ies unde Scheme
Complain Au ho i ies
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Tala hi
18 (58.06)
0.0(0)
3.0 (16.67)
6 .0(60)
27 (43.55)
Tahasilda
0.0(0)
0.0(0)
2 (11.11)
1.0 (10)
3.0 (4.89)
G amse ak
1 .0(3.23)
0.0(0)
0.0(0)
0.0(0)
1.0 (1.61)
G ie ance Commi ee
12 (38.71)
3 (100)
13 (72.22)
3.0 (30)
31 (50)
To al
31 [50]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s shows % ou o 62
Table no. 1.6 shows he in o ma ion abou he complain au ho i y ega ding he delay in he pension. Ou o he o al
selec ed esponden s, (50.0 %) ha e gi en hei complain o he g ie ance commi ee, ollowed by Tala hi (43.55%).
The s udy obse ed ha a highe numbe o gene al (60.00%) ca ego y bene icia ies egis e ed hei pension ega ding
he complain s o Tala hi, ollowed by SCs (58.06 %) and OBCs (16.6%). The s udy ound ha (70.0 %) o OBC
bene icia ies ha e egis e ed hei pension ega ding he complain o he g ie ance commi ee.
1.7 Facili ies and Thei U iliza ion:
The ollowing able, no.1.7 shows he selec ed s udy a ea o in o ma ion abou a ious acili ies and hei
u iliza ion by bene icia ies.
Table No. 1.7
Facili ies and Thei U iliza ion
S .
No.
Pa icula s
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
1
Bank Facili y in he illage
30
(96.77)
2
(66.67)
14
(77.78)
9
(90.00)
55
(88.71)
2
Bank Coo dina o se ice
30
(96.77)
3.0
(100)
18
(100)
10
(100)
61
(98.39)
3
Bank Coo dina o commission
19
(61.29)
2.0
(66.67)
1.0
(5.56)
2.0
(20.00)
24
(38.71)
4
Wai ing ime in Ge ing
Amoun
31
(100)
3.0
(100)
18
(100)
9.0
(90.00)
61
(98.39)
5
Pension used o sel
29
(93.55)
3.0
(100)
18
(100)
10
(100)
60
(96.77)
6
Filling o wi hd awal slips by
o he s
19
(61.29)
2.0
(66.67)
12
(66.67)
5.0
(50.00)
38
(61.29)
7
Bank accoun o he Aadha
link
21
(67.74)
3.0
(100)
15
(83.33)
9.0
(90.00)
48
(77.42)
8
Using an Aadha ca d o
wi hd aw money
21
(67.74)
3.0
(100)
15
(83.33)
9.0
(90.00)
48
(77.42)
9
Use o ATM
15
(48.39)
2.0
(66.67)
5.0
(27.78)
2.0
(20.00)
24
(38.71)
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in pa en heses o las column shows % ou o 62.
The abo e able, no. 1.7 gi es in o ma ion on a ious IGRVY acili ies. (55.0%) bene icia ies ha e banking
acili ies in hei own illages. The bank co espondence (BC) acili y was a ailable o (61.0%) bene icia ies. The s udy
ound ha (61.0%) o bene icia ies ha e aced he p oblem o wai ing o banking se ices. (60.0 %) Pension holde s
use hei pensions o hemsel es. In he case o (48 % ) o bene icia ies, bank accoun s we e linked o he AADHAR
ca d. I is also obse ed ha only (24.0 %) o bene icia ies used ATM ca ds o wi hd aw money.
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
98
1.8 Use o Pension:
The ollowing able no. 1.8 shows he use o pensions by bene icia ies om selec ed s udy a eas.
Table No. 1.8
Use o Pension
Use o
Pension
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Pu chase
Foodg ains
26 (83.87)
3 (100)
13 (72.22)
6 (60)
48 (77.42)
Medical
1 (3.23)
0
5 (27.78)
4 (40)
10 (16.12)
O he
4 (12.91)
0
0
0
3 (6.45)
To al
31 [50.00]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
Table no. 1.8 shows he a ious uses o pensions by bene icia ies. Ou o 62 esponden s, he majo i y o
esponden s, 48 (77.42%), ha e used hei pension o pu chasing ood g ains and ege ables, and 10 (16%) used i o
medicines. ST (100.0%) bene icia ies used hei pension o pu chase ood g ains, ollowed by SCs (83.0%). A highe
numbe o gene al ca ego y (40.0%) bene icia ies used hei pension on heal h- ela ed issues, ollowed by OBCs.
1.9 Use o Pension o Family Needs:
The ollowing able no. 1.9 shows he use o pension o amily needs by bene icia ies om selec ed s udy
a ea.
Table No. 1.9
Use o Pension o Family Needs
Use o pension o he
han pe sonal needs
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Family
20 (64.52)
3.0 (100)
10 (55.56)
7 (70)
40 (64.52)
Rela i es
0.0(0)
0.0(0)
1 (5.56)
0.0(0)
1.0 (1.61)
Addic ions
11 (35.48)
0.0(0)
7.0 (38.89)
3.0 (30)
21 (33.87)
To al
31 [50]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s shows % ou o 62
Table no. 1.9 shows he s a us o use o pension o amily needs. Ou o he o al selec ed esponden s, 40
(64%) a e using hei pension o amily needs. I is also ound ha 21 (35%) bene icia ies used hei pension on
addic ions. (100.0 % )STs and (64.0%) SCs bene icia ies ha e used hei pension on amily needs. (38.8%) OBC
bene icia ies used pensions on addic ions, ollowed by SCs (35.5 % and he gene al ca ego y (30.0 %).).
1.10 Bo owing o he Bene icia ies o Pension Scheme:
The ollowing Table 1.10 shows he bo owing o he bene icia ies o mee hei equi emen s due o he
i egula a ailabili y o pensions om he selec ed s udy a eas.
Table No. 1.10
Bo owing o he Bene icia ies
Ful illing Pe sonal Needs in
I egula Pension
SC
ST
OBC
Gene al
To al
Rela i es
20 (64.52)
2 (66.67)
8.0 (44.44)
7.0 (70)
37 (59.68)
F iends
9.0(29.03)
1.0 33.33)
9.0 (50.00)
3 (30)
22 (35.48)
Loan
1.0 (3.23)
0.0
1 (5.56)
0.0
2.0 (3.23)
O he
1.0 (3.23)
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0 (1.61)
To al
31 [50]
3 [4.84]
18 [29.03]
10 [16.13]
62 [100]
No e : Values in pa en heses shows % ou o each ca ego y espec i ely.
Values in squa e b acke s shows % ou o 62
Table no. 1.10 shows he bo owings o he bene icia ies o mee hei daily needs due o i egula pension.
Ou o a o al o 62 selec ed esponden s, 37 (59.68%) ha e aken ad ances om ela i es, ollowed by iends (35.5%).
The s udy ound ha a highe numbe o gene al ca ego ies (70.0 %) bene icia ies ul illed hei needs om ela i es,
ollowed by STs (67.7%) and SCs (64.0%).
Re e ence:
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
99
1) Salaga, A ul sa ma (2016), Mac oeconomics Impac o Social P o ec ion P og ammes in India Economic and
Poli ical Weekly, June 11, Vol I, No. 24.
2) Mis a and Pu i (2011), Indian Economy, Himalaya Publishing House, 29 h edi ion. P. 211.
3) Shaha e Vi end a B.(2013), “Ex ending Social Secu i y o Incluai e o Dali s”, Jou anal o Social Ac ion,
Indian Social Ins i u e, New Delhi, Vol.63.
4) Go e nmen o India (1950),” Cons i u ion o India”, A icle 38(1), New Delhi
5) Ga aoway Chis ophe , (2013) ,“How Much do Small old Age Pensions and Widows Pensions Help he Poo in
India?”, Uni ed Na ions ESCAP, de elopmen pape 1306.
6) Ghosh , Jaya i (2011), “Cash T ans e s as he Sil e Bulle o Po e y Reduc ion. A Skep ical No e”. Economic
and Poli ical Weekly May 21 VOL. 46 Issue No. 21
