INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION
ISSN (p in ): 2833-4515, ISSN (online): 2833-4531
Volume 04 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.58806/iji me.2025. 4i10n03 Impac ac o - 6.748
Page No. 1021-1026
1021 Page com.iji me.www 5Issue 10 Oc obe 202 4 IJIRME, Volume
Be ween Ins i u ional Silence and Social Misuse: G een Spaces Tes ed by he
Limi s o he Communica ion Sys em in Abidjan
YAO Kouadio Eugène1, BLA Ypodé Guéaybomin Emmanuel2
1Doc o al s uden in In o ma ion and Communica ion Sciences – UFR In o ma ion-Communica ion & A s (UFRICA) – FHB
Uni e si y o Cocody (I o y Coas )
2Doc o o Sociology – Labo a o y o Economic Sociology and An h opology o Symbolic Belongings (LAASSE)
ABSTRACT: G een spaces a e essen ial componen s o he u ban en i onmen , p o iding social, ecological, economic and
he apeu ic unc ions (Lessa d & Boul oy, 2008). In Cô e d'I oi e, hei in eg a ion is egula ed by Law 62-253 o 1962 and
ein o ced by he En i onmen al Code o 1996. In Abidjan, he c ea ion in 2001 o he Di ec o a e o Pa ks and Ga dens aimed o
gua an ee hei de elopmen and main enance. Howe e , despi e his no ma i e and ins i u ional amewo k, hese spaces a e subjec
o s ong an h opic p essu e, esul ing in hei app op ia ion o esiden ial, comme cial o in o mal pu poses. The esul s highligh
communica ion dys unc ions linked o messages, channels and ac o s; which weaken he social and ecological ole o g een spaces
and encou age hei misuse.
KEYWORDS: En i onmen al communica ion, G een spaces, App op ia ion, Abidjan, Dys unc ions.
1. INTRODUCTION
G een spaces occupy an essen ial place in con empo a y u ban li e. They a e de ined as g een spaces, de eloped and open o he
public, playing a ec ea ional, social and ecological ole (Choay & Me lin, 1996; Ja nie , 2011). Squa es, communi y ga dens,
municipal pa ks o playg ounds cons i u e all places o mee ing, elaxa ion and sociabili y (Bou e eu, 2007; Rolland, 2009). They
hus con ibu e o he quali y o li e in he ci y by allowing esiden s o b eak isola ion and s eng hen social ies.
In Cô e d'I oi e, u ban planning egula ions ha e dedica ed a place o g een spaces since he 1960s, h ough Law 62-253 o July 31,
1962 and he En i onmen al Code o 1996. These ex s, supplemen ed by dec ees ela ing o u ban planning, de ine non-
cons uc ible zones and impose he c ea ion o g een spaces ( Pacom , 2004; Wompie , 2012). In addi ion, he c ea ion o he Dis ic
o Abidjan in 2001, ollowed by he es ablishmen o he Di ec o a e o Pa ks and Ga dens (DPJ) in 2005, e lec s an ins i u ional
desi e o s eng hen he managemen o hese spaces.
Howe e , despi e hese measu es, Abidjan's g een spaces a e unde inc easing human p essu e. In se e al neighbo hoods, hey ha e
been ans o med in o comme cial a eas, places o ea ing ou o e en public dumps, comp omising hei ini ial unc ion ( Nassa ,
2009). Geog aphical and sociological s udies highligh wo majo ac o s explaining his phenomenon: he u ban popula ion
explosion and social ep esen a ions ha o en pe cei e hese spaces as a ailable land ese es (T a & Igbou , 2016).
Thus, beyond egula ions, he p oblem lies in he way g een spaces a e app op ia ed and managed. In e ms o communica ion,
se e al ac ions ha e been ca ied ou o aise awa eness abou en i onmen al p ese a ion. Since 1993, he "Abidjan plus jamais ça"
p og am has encou aged he p omo ion o a heal hy li ing en i onmen . Subsequen ly, he "Abidjan ille p op e" ope a ions (2006,
2009, 2015) wi h UVICOCI, as well as he Heal h Week (2008), ha e emphasized u ban cleanliness. In 2017, he "G and ménage"
ope a ion, led by he Minis y o Heal h, mobilized all municipali ies a ound he cleaning and beau i ica ion o neighbo hoods.
Finally, Wo ld En i onmen Day (WED) and he Na ional Fo nigh o he En i onmen and Sus ainable De elopmen (QNEDD)
a e key annual e en s o la ge-scale awa eness- aising, wi hou speci ically a ge ing g een spaces.
Howe e , despi e hese egula o y amewo ks and communica ion ini ia i es, hese spaces emain aced wi h pe sis en
ulne abili y o u ban dynamics and social p essu es. In ligh o his obse a ion, his s udy ques ions he limi s o he
communica ion sys em ha uel he misuse o g een spaces and weaken hei social and en i onmen al ole in u ban Abidjan . In
o he wo ds, he aim is o unde s and how sho comings in messages, channels and ins i u ional coo dina ion con ibu e o
ma ginalizing hese spaces and hinde ing hei app op ia ion by he popula ion.
2. METHODOLOGY
The esea ch was conduc ed in he Dis ic o Abidjan, he main u ban a ea o Cô e d'I oi e, which has a popula ion o nea ly
6,865,306 ( ANS a , 2024). The choice o his loca ion is explained by he majo en i onmen al challenges acing he ci y, including
Be ween Ins i u ional Silence and Social Misuse: G een Spaces Tes ed by he Limi s o he Communica ion
Sys em in Abidjan
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pollu ion and land p essu e, as well as he weal h o g een spaces in ce ain adi ional communes, pa icula ly Cocody, Adjamé,
Pla eau and T eich ille (Kouamé & Kouamé, 2012). The a ge popula ion o he s udy consis s o h ee ca ego ies o ac o s: s a e
au ho i ies, ins i u ional manage s and local esiden s o communi y leade s. Pu posi e sampling (Qui y & Van Campenhoud ,
1995) made i possible o selec o icials om minis ies (En i onmen , Sani a ion, Planning and De elopmen ), he BNETD, he
Di ec o a e o Pa ks and Ga dens, as well as esea che s, en i onmen al associa ions and conce ned esiden s.
On a heo e ical le el, he s udy is pa o a quali a i e app oach based on he comp ehensi e pa adigm (Mucchielli, 1996) and
mobilizes he heo y o engaging communica ion (Be na d, 2006; Gi andola & Joule, 2008), which analyzes he link be ween
a i udes, beha io s and en i onmen al p ese a ion p ac ices.
The da a collec ion echniques used combine di ec obse a ion o g een spaces and hei uses, documen a y s udy (legal ex s,
egula ions, mas e plans and ins i u ional epo s) and semi-s uc u ed in e iews conduc ed wi h ins i u ional ac o s, expe s, local
o icials and esiden s. The collec ion ook place aking in o accoun he di e si y o he ac o s and made i possible o iden i y he
messages con eyed, he communica ion channels used and he o ms o app op ia ion obse ed.
Finally, he da a we e p ocessed using a hema ic con en analysis (Paillé & Mucchielli, 2016), which consis ed o coding and
g ouping he uni s o meaning acco ding o ecu ing hemes, in line wi h he esea ch objec i es. A iangula ion be ween in e iews,
obse a ions and documen s ( Denzin , 1978) ein o ced he in e nal alidi y o he analysis and allowed he eme gence o he social
and communica ion logics su ounding he app op ia ion o g een spaces.
3. RESULTS
The analysis o da a ela ed o he communica ion sys em ha uels he misuse o g een spaces and weakens hei social and
en i onmen al ole in he u ban en i onmen o Abidjan highligh s h ee main limi a ions as ac o s. These a e limi a ions ela ed o
he message, limi a ions ela ed o communica ion channels and limi a ions o communica ion a he le el o he ac o s.
3.1. Message Limi s
Resea ch indica es ha ins i u ional communica ions ega ding he en i onmen emain oo ague, wi hou speci ically a ge ing
g een spaces in u ban a eas. Public communica ion, by ocusing on majo issues such as ai pollu ion, biodi e si y o e o es a ion,
ends o minimize he impo ance o ga dens, g een spaces and ec ea ional a eas. The lack o di e en ia ion educes he isibili y
o hese esiden ial spaces and hinde s hei app op ia ion by local esiden s, who do no pe cei e hem as c ucial componen s o
he u ban landscape. This egula o y gap is also exp essed by an o icial o he Minis y o Cons uc ion, Housing and U ban
Planning (MCLU) in his ex ac om a speech aken om he in e iew conduc ed wi h him:
“You know, we ha e en i onmen al ex s, codes, dec ees… Bu when you ead hem ca e ully, you ealize ha hey ne e explici ly
alk abou u ban g eene y. The e is no hing ha equi es, o example, he in eg a ion o g een spaces in o cons uc ion o
de elopmen p ojec s. I ’s as i ege a ion in he ci y was an op ion, no a necessi y.” (FL, Manage , MCLU).
As can be seen, his es imony highligh s he absence o a binding legal amewo k o he p ese a ion o in eg a ion o g een
spaces in o u ban policies. Wi hou a o mal obliga ion, hese spaces emain ulne able and o en neglec ed in planning decisions.
In he same ein, an u ban planne highligh s he di ec impac s o his communica ion ambigui y on he g ound:
“In ou daily p ac ice, we hea abou he en i onmen , yes, bu ne e abou g een spaces as such. We alk abou cons uc ion
s anda ds, lood isks, was e managemen … bu public ga dens o small squa es a e ne e a he hea o he discussions. And he
esul is clea : hey a e o en he i s o disappea when a eal es a e p ojec akes shape. They a e pe cei ed as a ailable land, no
as common goods o be p o ec ed.”
This es imony highligh s a signi ican gap be ween ins i u ional discou se and u ban planning p ac ice. Indeed, due o a lack o
speci ic messages and clea ules on hei p ese a ion, g een spaces a e no conside ed p io i ies. They hen become adjus men
a iables in u ban p ojec s and a e equen ly sac i iced in a o o eal es a e densi ica ion, which weakens hei social and
en i onmen al ole.
On he public communica ion side, one a chi ec c i icizes he lack o s ong symbols and dedica ed campaigns:
“The e is no Na ional G een Spaces Day, o example. We celeb a e Wo ld En i onmen Day, bu i emains e y b oad, e y
abs ac . We alk abou clima e, pollu ion, ecycling… bu ne e abou he place o g eene y in ou neighbo hoods. The e is a lack
o symbolic p omo ion, an ins i u ional ecogni ion o hese places as essen ial o ou well-being.” (HS, A chi ec )
This obse a ion highligh s he weakness o ins i u ional communica ion, which i ializes he issue o g een spaces by d owning i
in global hemes. The absence o a ge ed campaigns con ibu es o hei in isibili y in he collec i e imagina ion. This
communica ion de ici is also e lec ed in he expe iences o ci izens, as a esiden o he Adjamé neighbo hood es i ies:
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“I’ e li ed he e o o e wen y yea s. And ankly, no one has e e alked o us abou g een spaces. Ne e . Wha hey ell us is o
clean he gu e s, no o h ow ga bage in he s ee . Bu no one alks abou ga dens, g een spaces. We don’ e en know i he e a e
any planned in he neighbo hood.” (BA, Residen , Adjamé)
Fu he mo e, he public's pe spec i e seems o desc ibe a gap be ween he messages hey ecei e and he eal challenges o
p ese ing g een spaces. In such a con ex , in he absence o clea and accessible in o ma ion, ci izens do no de elop an emo ional
connec ion o a sense o esponsibili y owa ds hese places. I is in his con ex ha he s udy o he collec ed discou ses becomes
ele an : by compa ing ins i u ional and ci izen poin s o iew, i is clea ha he lack o communica ion weakens he collec i e
owne ship o g een spaces.
Ul ima ely, he commen s ga he ed con e ge owa ds a sha ed obse a ion: Communica ion on he en i onmen emains oo global
and does no de o e speci ic space o g een spaces. Ins i u ions, h ough hei ex s and campaigns, con ey insu icien ly a ge ed
messages, while popula ions eel poo ly in o med abou hese issues. This lack o cla i y and p io i iza ion con ibu es o
ma ginalizing g een spaces in he u ban agenda, which ein o ces hei ulne abili y o economic and social p essu es.
3.2. Limi a ions ela ed o communica ion channels
Beyond he con en o he messages, he dissemina ion channels used o aise awa eness abou he p ese a ion o g een spaces in
u ban a eas ha e se ious limi a ions. Indeed, campaigns a e o en cos ly, in equen , and a ely ollowed by conc e e ac ions. Also,
he absence o specialized media o long- e m ins i u ional elays p e en s con inuous and a ge ed dissemina ion. Fu he mo e, a
signi ican po ion o he popula ion emains excluded om adi ional communica ion channels, pa icula ly due o illi e acy, which
conside ably educes he impac o w i en ma e ials and messages in F ench.
In his con ex , a manage o he Pa ks and Ga dens Depa men highligh s he budge a y cons ain s which a e holding back
ini ia i es:
"We communica e, bu no enough, because communica ion is expensi e. And he media we use a en' e y app op ia e o he a ge
popula ions." (DF, Fo me Manage , Pa ks and Ga dens Depa men )
Analyzing his es imony om his manage o he pa ks and ga dens depa men , we ealize a dependence on inancial esou ces
ha limi s he capaci y o echnical se ices o design and main ain sus ainable awa eness campaigns. En i onmen al
communica ion, a om being ins i u ionalized, o en elies on one-o e o s, wi hou a long- e m s a egy. This p eca iousness o
esou ces is also illus a ed by he es imony o an a chi ec , who e eals he lack o public suppo :
“I hos ed an awa eness p og am on RTI (na ional ele ision), bu I had o pay ou o my own pocke o se en yea s. This shows he
lack o dedica ed public s uc u es." (HS, A chi ec )
Indeed, he la e 's ema ks highligh he lack o ins i u ional mechanisms dedica ed o he p omo ion o g een spaces, o cing
p o essionals in ol ed in his a ea o bea he cos s o aising awa eness alone. This s uc u al de ici p e en s he c ea ion o a
cohe en and accessible discou se on he place o plan s in he ci y.
On he side o cen al ins i u ions, an o icial om he Minis y o he En i onmen poin s ou ano he majo limi a ion:
"We aise awa eness, we aise awa eness, bu he p oblem is ha he e a e a lo o illi e a e people. The messages in F ench don'
ge h ough. No e e yone can ead, ha 's also a p oblem in e ms o awa eness..." (DK, Manage , Minis y o he En i onmen )
This speech by he en i onmen al manage highligh s a s uc u al agili y. Indeed, by a o ing w i en F ench as a means o
communica ion, ins i u ional campaigns exclude a la ge p opo ion o esiden s, pa icula ly in wo king-class neighbo hoods such
as B amako é (a wo king-class neighbo hood in Abidjan), whe e o al communica ion and local languages a e he main channels o
ansmi ing knowledge. In o he wo ds, he language ba ie ac s as a ba ie o ecei ing messages and educes hei social impac .
As a esul , en i onmen al awa eness- aising becomes less e ec i e and ails o c ea e a sense o owne ship o g een spaces among
he popula ions mos a ec ed.
Finally, an u ban planne highligh s he epheme al na u e o communica ion ac ions:
"E en when a municipali y c ea es a ga den, communica ion s ops a he inaugu a ion. A e ha , no hing. And hen e e y hing
happens on TV, and i 's only when he e's a news epo ; no e e yone wa ches he news." (YT, U ban Planne , Cocody)
Acco ding o his u ban planne , wo majo limi a ions exis . On he one hand, communica ion a ound g een spaces s ops a he
symbolic momen o he inaugu a ion, wi hou educa ional ollow-up o egula ac ions o main ain he in e es o esiden s. On he
o he hand, he channels mobilized emain cen e ed on na ional media such as ele ision, which do no each he en i e popula ion,
pa icula ly he wo king classes o people wi h low li e acy. In he absence o local p og ams and elays, awa eness- aising loses
e ec i eness and g een spaces s uggle o be in eg a ed in o daily p ac ices. In o he wo ds, he discon inui y and inadequa e
a ge ing o messages se e ely limi s he social app op ia ion o u ban de elopmen s.
Be ween Ins i u ional Silence and Social Misuse: G een Spaces Tes ed by he Limi s o he Communica ion
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Finally, limi a ions ela ed o communica ion channels e lec a s uc u al weakness in he en i onmen al awa eness s a egy. They
e eal a lack o esou ces, sui able elays, and inclusi e o ma s, which hinde s he dissemina ion o messages and hei ecep ion
by he popula ions conce ned. This communica ion de ici con ibu es o he in isibili y o g een spaces in he u ban agenda and
weakens hei social app op ia ion.
In his pe spec i e, i becomes necessa y o ques ion ano he equally de e mining ac o in he managemen o g een spaces: he
limi s linked o he ac o s ( ansmi e s and ecei e s) who di ec ly in luence he cohe ence, con inui y and e ec i eness o
in e en ions on he g ound.
3.3. Limi s o communica ion a he ac o le el
In analyzing he limi a ions o communica ion a ound g een spaces, a en ion is ocused on he di e si y o pe cep ions exp essed
by s akeholde s. On he one hand, ins i u ional ac o s, including o me manage s and echnical execu i es, and on he o he ,
communi y s akeholde s, ep esen ed by local leade s and esiden s. Compa ing hese pe spec i es highligh s con adic ions and
disc epancies ha unde mine he public's app op ia ion o g een spaces.
On he ins i u ional side, a o me head o Pa ks and Ga dens emphasizes ha he des uc ion o g een spaces o en esul s om
adminis a i e decisions hemsel es. Acco ding o him, he cons uc ion o he Cocody own hall o he Angolan embassy ook place
on ga dens o g een spaces designa ed in he cadas al map o he commune o Cocody. In his logic, we see he e he highligh ing
o ins i u ional non- e bal communica ion, which demons a es ha by occupying hese spaces, he adminis a ion sends a
con adic o y signal ha delegi imizes any o icial discou se o en i onmen al p o ec ion, as e lec ed in his in e iew exce p :
"Con a y o wha some people hink, i 's no he popula ion ha des oys g een spaces; i 's o en he adminis a ion i sel . The
Cocody own hall was buil on a g een space. The Angolan embassy opposi e he RTI s a ion was buil on i , oo. When he
adminis a ion i sel occupies he ga dens, how can you expec he popula ion o espec hese places? I sends he w ong message,
a kind o non- e bal communica ion ha legi imizes he occupa ion." (DF, Fo me manage , Pa ks and Ga dens Depa men )
S ill on he ins i u ional on , ano he Pa ks and Rese es o icial emphasizes he in luence o cul u al ep esen a ions. Acco ding
o him, in illages, g ass a ound houses is conside ed di , while in ci ies i should be alued as deco a i e elemen s. As o mula ed,
his opposi ion e lec s a symbolic di ide be ween u al and u ban no ms. In his con ex , he in e iewee ecommends educa ional
wo k s a ing in p ima y school in o de o sus ainably ans o m hese ep esen a ions a he g ass oo s le el. This is also e lec ed
in his e ba im exce p om he in e iew wi h he la e :
"The e's a eal p oblem wi h cul u al communica ion. In he illage, when you see weeds a ound he house, you say i 's di y. You
ake a mache e o clean i up. He e in Abidjan, on he con a y, we say you ha e o plan lowe s o deco a ion. People li e in wo
di e en wo lds. I we don' s a eaching his o child en om p ima y school onwa ds, we won' be able o change hese
pe cep ions in he long e m." (SR, Manage , Pa ks and Rese es Depa men ).
Howe e , while he pe spec i es o ins i u ional ac o s p ima ily highligh adminis a i e con adic ions and cul u al di ides, he
pe cep ions o communi y ac o s e lec a di e en eali y. Thei pe cep ions a e indeed oo ed in he daily li ing condi ions o local
esiden s. The local leade s and local esiden s in e iewed emphasize less he egula o y o symbolic dimension han he social and
p ac ical issues ha guide he ecep ion o en i onmen al messages con eyed by ins i u ional egis e s.
On he one hand, on he communi y side, a leade om he Bia a neighbo hood in he commune o T eich ille poin s ou ha social
p io i ies de e mine how messages a e ecei ed. Fo esiden s li ing in p eca ious si ua ions, inding housing akes p ecedence o e
p ese ing g een spaces. In his ema ks, he demons a es ha en i onmen al communica ion lacks social legi imacy because i does
no su icien ly ake in o accoun he daily eali ies o he popula ion.
"I you alk abou g een spaces o Bia ans, hey will ell you: we a e looking i s o a space o li e in. How can you expec hem
o be in e es ed in p ese ing a ga den when hey li e in p eca ious condi ions? Fo hem, he p io i y is housing, daily ood. I is a
ques ion o social legi imacy o he ecipien s o he message." (KB, Communi y Leade , in Bia a )
On he o he hand, a communi y leade in e iewed in Cocody highligh s a con adic ion in he local managemen o g een spaces.
Acco ding o him, al hough own halls some imes de elop hem, hey o en p ohibi esiden s om accessing hem. This es ic ion
conside ably educes hei social u ili y and c ea es a eeling o exclusion among local esiden s, who do no eel conce ned by hese
spaces ha a e supposed o belong o hem. In his iew, only inclusi e communica ion, di ec ly in ol ing esiden s in he
managemen and use o hese places, would es o e hei meaning and legi imacy. This is e idenced by his exce p om he
in e iew wi h he la e :
“E en when own halls c ea e ga dens, hey o en p ohibi public access. We see benches ins alled, bu people can' en e . As a
esul , g een spaces become useless o local esiden s. I we wan hese spaces o be espec ed, we need clea and inclusi e
communica ion ha uly in ol es esiden s in hei managemen .” (GP, Communi y Leade , Cocody)
Be ween Ins i u ional Silence and Social Misuse: G een Spaces Tes ed by he Limi s o he Communica ion
Sys em in Abidjan
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O e all, he ca ego ical analysis e eals ha ins i u ions con ey messages weakened by hei own con adic ions and he absence o
cul u al pedagogy, while communi ies exp ess esis ance linked o social eme gencies and exclusion in managemen . Thus,
communica ion limi a ions a e less due o a de ici o discou se han o s uc u al inconsis encies, symbolic ac u es and a lack o
social inclusion, which oge he weaken he sus ainabili y o g een spaces.
4. DISCUSSION
The analysis o da a ela ing o he communica ion sys em on he egula ion o g een spaces in u ban Abidjan highligh s h ee main
limi a ions which explain hei misuse and weaken hei social and en i onmen al ole.
Fi s , he limi a ions ela ed o messages. The analyzed esul s show ha ins i u ional discou ses emain oo gene al, ocused on
pollu ion o e o es a ion, wi hou di ec ly a ge ing g een spaces. As Wiene (2014) and Colle (2004) poin ou , in his logic, an
inapp op ia e, imp ecise message o one ha is ou o s ep wi h he ep esen a ions o he ecipien s loses i s e ec i eness and ails
o gene a e suppo . These inadequacies p oduce a communica ion "noise" ha p e en s local esiden s om de eloping a sense o
esponsibili y owa ds hese places. Then, he limi a ions ela ed o channels we e no ed in he analysis o he da a in his s udy.
Indeed, he analyzed da a e eal ha he media used a e o en expensi e, one-o and no e y accessible. Thus, as he conclusions
o he obse a ions o Ca on-Boucha d and Renaud (2002) men ion, mass media di usion emains supe icial and excludes a la ge
pa o he illi e a e popula ion. Unde hese condi ions, he lack o local elays and in e pe sonal communica ion u he educes
he each o awa eness campaigns dedica ed o his pu pose. Finally, limi a ions a he s akeholde le el we e also no ed in he esul s
o his s udy. Acco ding o he s udy's indings, ins i u ional beha io s hemsel es, such as he adminis a i e occupa ion o ga dens,
send con adic o y signals ha lead local esiden s o colonize g een spaces. This is also highligh ed by he pe spec i e o Wa zlawick
e al. (1972), who show ha all beha io is communica ion. The au ho s no e ha hese p ac ices delegi imize o icial messages. In
addi ion, social insecu i y pushes some communi ies o p io i ize housing o employmen , subsis ence esou ces, elega ing he
p ese a ion o g een spaces in he backg ound.
Thus, as he esul s o his s udy no e, he communica ion sys em, a om s eng hening ci izen app op ia ion o g een spaces,
pa adoxically con ibu es o hei ma ginaliza ion.
5. CONCLUSION
To he ques ion o "Wha a e he communica ion elemen s ha explain he pe sis ence o he app op ia ion o g een spaces in he
Dis ic o Abidjan?" , he esul s o he s udy highligh h ee main limi a ions o he communica ion sys em: messages ha a e oo
gene al, ocused on he en i onmen in he b oad sense bu poo ly adap ed o local eali ies; unsui able, cos ly, one-o dissemina ion
channels ha a e o en inaccessible o illi e a e popula ions; and inally, ac o s who a e he bea e s o con adic ions, whose
ins i u ional p ac ices (adminis a i e occupa ion o ga dens, lack o ollow-up o ac ions) unde mine he c edibili y o o icial
discou se. These dys unc ions explain why popula ions emain weakly in ol ed in he c ea ion, main enance and managemen o
g een spaces.
I hus appea s ha Abidjan's u ban planning p io i izes he logic o g ow h and densi ica ion o he de imen o he ecological and
social ole o na u e in he ci y. In o he wo ds, he e i o y is concei ed as a buil and in as uc u al space, which pe manen ly
ma ginalizes g een spaces.
The s udy he e o e con i ms he ini ial hypo hesis: he app op ia ion o g een spaces is la gely linked o communica ion limi s.
Echoing Wa zlawick (1967), who poin s ou ha "one canno no communica e," he esul s demons a e ha only clea , pa icipa o y
communica ion adap ed o cul u al and social con ex s can s eng hen ci izen app op ia ion and p omo e sus ainable managemen
o hese li ing spaces.
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