Desc ip ion o scu y in he Russian A my by Ni zsch (1747)
Summa y by James Lind (1772)
This is James Lind’s summa y o Ni zsch’s desc ip ion o scu y in Russian A my in 1747.
Yellow is used o indica e mo e impo an sec ions such as he symp oms o scu y.
This ex is a ailable a :
h ps://doi.o g/ 10.5281/zenodo.17296087
2025-10-7
This anno a ed e sion was p epa ed by:
Ha i Hemilä, Uni e si y o Helsinki, Finland
h ps://www.m .helsinki. i/home/hemila
h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-4710-307X
h ps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go /pubmed/? e m=hemila+h
h ps://schola .google.com/ci a ions?use =2mkomzUAAAAJ
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17085738 Repo s on scu y uploaded o Zenodo by Ha i Hemilä
1
James Lind’s commen s on Ni zsch:
p.44-45
Thus, whe e he causes p oduc i e o i
a e gene al, and iolen in a high deg ee, i
becomes an epidemic o uni e sal calami y,
and ages wi h g ea and di usi e i ulence:
as happens o en o seamen in long oyages;
some imes o a mies (Ni zsch), e y la ely o he
Ge man soldie s in Hunga y (K ame ); equen ly
o oops when closely besieged, as o he
Saxon ga ison in Tho n (Bachs om), he besieged in
B eda (Vande Mye), in Rochelle, as also S e in: and
a o he imes o whole coun ies; as in
B aban , in he yea 1556; and in Holland, ann. 1562.
h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/ ea iseonscu y1772lind/page/44/mode/2up
p.61
This disease is no indeed peculia o he ocean, he e being
many ins ances o i s aging wi h equal iolence a land
(Vid. he case o he Ge man oops in Hunga y (K ame ),
o he Russian a mies (Ni sch)).
h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/ ea iseonscu y1772lind/page/60/mode/2up
2
The ex below is om James Lind (1772; 3 d ed) p.421-439.
h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/ ea iseonscu y1772lind/page/420/mode/2up
h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/b30511902/page/420/mode/2up
h ps://babel.ha hi us .o g/cgi/p ?id=ucm.5320216006&seq=445
h ps://wellcomecollec ion.o g/wo ks/ 7 pba /i ems?can as=443
A digi ized e sion o he o iginal Ge man e sion is a ailable:
h ps://play.google.com/s o e/books/de ails/Ab aham_Ni zsch_Theo e isch_p ac ische_Abhandlung?id=szFh66Kk64kC
1747
Theo e isch p ac ische abhandlung des scha bockes, wie sich de selbige o nemlich bey denen
kayse lich Ruszischen a meen an e schiedenen o en geausse und gezeige ha , &c.: o ,
A heo e ical and p ac ical ea ise on he scu y, as i has appea ed chie ly in he Impe ial Russian
a mies, oge he wi h a ci cums an ial desc ip ion o i s causes, i s wo classes and hei di e en
species, he o dina y and ex ao dina y symp oms, he emedies o i , and he necessa y egimen.
By Ab aham Ni zsch.
p.422
Th ee di e en opinions o physicians
conce ning his disease dese e censu e. 1s ,
Some ex end he e m o scu y by much
oo a , comp ehending unde i almos
all diseases in which he e is a conside able
impu i y o co up ion o he juices. 2dly,
Some hough no en i ely denying he
exis ence o he scu y, ye limi o ci -
cumsc ibe i wi hin oo na ow bounds. 3dly,
O he s ha e desc ibed i s causes, i s di -
e en kinds and i s cu e, in oo ague and
inde ini e a manne .
I has been di icul o physicians o
make a pe ec sys em o his disease, as i
does no usually occu in hei common
p ac ice; being con ined chie ly among he
poo e so o idle people, who a e in dis-
essed ci cums ances, and who li e in a
mois ai . Besides, he equen mode n
p ac ice o d inking ea and co ee, by hin-
ning he blood and dilu ing i s sal s, has in
place o he scu y in many coun ies whe e,
acco ding o he ela ion o c edible au ho s,
i in o me imes g ea ly p e ailed, in o-
duced a new disease, iz. he pu pu a, as
D . Ho man has shewn.
I may be p ope o p emise ha I am
p.423
unacquain ed wi h he na u e and appea -
ances o he scu y, so common and a al
a sea; bu ha his disease was among he
i s which occu ed o my obse a ion in he
a my, and i a ose o such a pi ch o io-
lence, as no only o equi e he u mos ca e
and skill o he physicians and su geons,
bu also o command he a en ion o he
gene als.
This e il has been a ibu ed o he use
o sal ed lesh-mea s, he apou s a ising
om he sea ha e also been blamed; bu
such opinions a e con u ed by daily expe-
ience. O he s would asc ibe i o a me e
wan o a su icien quan i y o ege ables,
neglec ing mo e conside able ci cums ances,
as will appea by he ollowing obse -
a ions. The e being wo classes o his
dis empe , ha which is denomina ed he
3
slow o cold scu y, may a he be said o
p oceed om a concu ence o causes, and
hei ope a ion o a conside able ime,
iz. a cons i u ion impai ed by ouble and
diseases; imp ope , g oss, and co up
alimen ; much a igue, g ie , o anxie y
o mind; a mois ai , accompanied ei he
wi h cold o wi h hea ; con inemen in
low damp c owded places; as also d ink-
ing impu e pu id wa e . These ac ing in
conjunc ion p oduce he scu y, and a e
su icien o heigh en he e il o an ex eme
deg ee o iolence.
p.424
As such causes ope a e bu slowly in he
human body, he p og ess o he malady
is e y g adual. The heal h ul colou o
he ace mo e and mo e disappea s. The e
is a gene al lassi ude. The highs and
legs eel hea y, and a ema kable weakness
is pe cei ed in he knees and ancles. A
he same ime, he gums begin o swell and
co up . The p e e na u al colou o he
ace a e wa ds enc eases, he legs begin
o be pain ul, he cheeks and join s o
swell, he gums become su p isingly o en,
he body mo e eeble, and a di icul y o
b ea hing ensues upon using o exe cise,
he knees and join s being s i . Finally,
he appe i e g adually decays, and he body
becomes cons ipa ed. In a ce ain kind
o his disease, commonly se e al blue
spo s appea all a once. By hese, and
he o me symp oms daily gaining g ound,
he ue na u e o he dis empe ully and
plainly appea s. And his is he slow o
cold scu y, which is by a he mos e-
quen malady; he symp oms and causes
o he o he , o ho scu y, being e y
di e en . I a ises om an ine chyle
ending o pu escence in he i s passages,
wi h a g ea laxi y o he isce a and o
he sec e o y and exc e o y o gans, as also
o all he solids: om whence he blood
acqui es a hickness, and is ende ed in a
manne pu escen , shewing i sel by a e-
p.425
ma kable bad colou , and a p e e na u al
swelling o in la ion o he body. I is
usually a edious oublesome disease. The
ho scu y is no so commonly me wi h.
I p oceeds om a p e ailing alcalescen
ac imony and hinness o he blood, occa-
sioning a o al was e o he body, and a
all imes he mos iolen symp oms, a -
ended wi h g ea pain and a cons an
e e . In bo h he e is a gene al wea i-
ness; a pa icula debili y o he join s;
he gums a e pa ly spungy and e id, pa ly
ha d, swelled, and ho ; he pains in he
limbs a e some imes ixed, a o he imes hey
shi ; he knees a e s i , and some imes
also swelled, nay, much in lamed and io-
len ly pained; mo e o less hypochond iac1
symp oms, and a e e a end i . And
hese a e he genuine essen ial signs o
scu y: bu be o e we p oceed o he ho
scu y, o which he e is bu one single
species, i may be p ope o dis inguish he
di e en kinds o cold scu ies.
The i s is wha occasions la ge, black,
and blue spo s, on he legs and join s;
some imes on he b eas and back, no un-
usually on one o bo h eyelids, and on he
whi e o he eye; which appea s swelled,
and o a deep ed colou . The gums a e
g ea ly swelled, discolou ed, and e y lax
o spungy; and when p essed, discha ge
ei he a yellow ill-scen ed blood, o ma e .
p.426
The pa o id glands a e also usually much
enla ged and ha dened. This species,
p oceeding om a ema kable coagula ion
o he ed globules o he blood, I call a
li id scu y; being he only species ha is
accompanied wi h da k o eddish la ge
spo s, o li id s eaks upon he skin. The
pa ien commonly when hey appea is
1h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Hypochond ium
4
e y e e ish, and he pains a e e y io-
len , I occu ed chie ly a Wibu g, ann.
1732;2 and again a Pe e sbu gh, ann.
1733.
In he second species, he ed globules
o he blood a e no so much coagula ed;
i p oceeds chie ly om a iscidi y o he
wa e y o se ous pa s o he blood. The
spo s appea o a deep ed, u ning a -
e wa ds o a da kish yellow; being e y
small, so as o esemble len ils, lea-bi es,
o pe echiæ; and a e disco e ed no whe e
else bu on he legs and highs, a ended
wi h a pain in hose pa s. Some imes
eddish blue spo s appea abo e he knee,
and in he ham; acco ding o he edness
o which he pain and swelling he e, as
also he quickness o he pulse, is always
inc eased. The gums a e no so lax as in
he o me species: he uppe pa o hem,
howe e , is commonly exco ia ed. On
he pala e o inside o he gums se e al
umou s appea , o on he inside o he
cheeks may be obse ed swellings, some-
p.427
imes ha d, kno y, and wa -like: and
some imes a uni o m ha d swelling ex ends
i sel e en o he back pa o he mou h.
This species, om he o m o he spo s,
is denomina ed a len icula o pe echial
scu y. The pa ien spi s mo e, and he
b ea h is mo e œ id, han in any o he
species o scu y. Some imes he empo al
muscle is swelled and ha dened unde he
zigoma ic p ocess; bu he pa o id glands
ne e a e. I shewed i sel , ann. 1732, a
Wibu g, only in a ew pa ien s; bu a lic ed
much g ea e numbe s, ann. 1737, in he
in enchmen s a Us -Sama a.3
A hi d species o his disease p oceeds
om a co up ion o he a o oily pa icles
o he blood. The e being no iscidi y o
he blood, he e a e consequen ly no spo s.
On he con a y, an uni e sal pale swelling
co e s he body; which becomes o a yel-
lowish colou , when hose oily pa icles
u n ancid. When he a assumes a
ha dness like allow, he highs and a ms
a e as ly swelled, and so ha d as no o
yield o he imp ession o he inge ; and
e y ha d umou s, o ophi, o m on he
hands and o e-pa o he legs. Now in
his species he se ous o wa e y pa s o
he blood become much mo e easily and
quickly apid han in he o he s, and he
saline pa icles daily mo e and mo e ac i-
monious. Hence he cheeks a e mo e
p.428
swelled, he knees mo e iolen ly con-
ac ed, he ee h loose , and he gums
much mo e lax and spungy. Some imes a
ungous lesh ises a he angle o he lowe
jaw, and he jaws a e locked ei he
wi h o wi hou an indu a ion o he pa-
o id gland, c o aphi e o masse e muscles.
When his apid se um o wa e is accu-
2 Vybo g. A Russian ci y nea he Finnish bo de .
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Vybo g
See Ni zsch (1732) epo :
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17295495
3h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Sama a
5
mula ed in he cellula memb ane unde
he skin, an uni e sal d opsy4 is p oduced;
o when wi hin he subs ance o he lungs
an as hma, upon which a d opsy o he
b eas ensues; when in he belly, a d opsy
is o med he e; and las ly, when dis-
cha ged by he glands o he in es ines, a
lux dis esses he pa ien . Fu he , when
his apid se um, by an addi ion o oily and
saline pa icles, has acqui ed an ac imony,
i occasions he mos iolen and gnawing
pains in a ious pa s o he body. Whe e-
e e he se um co up s, he pains become
he e al oge he in ole able; chie ly upon
hose pa s whe e he ibs a e joined o he
b eas bone; pa o he bones o which
may be aken ou qui e ca ious. I also
p oduces a con ulsi e su oca ing as hma,
a was ing pain ul lux, and a e wa ds a
gang ene o he cheeks, o an incu able
d opsy o he belly. This species is o
longe du a ion han any o he , con inuing
o en he whole summe , un il la e in au-
umn. And as i is accompanied wi h no
p.429
spo s, i may be denomina ed he pale scu y;
bu mo e pa icula ly when he a o
he body is only hick and iscous, i migh
hen be called he mucous pale scu y; and
when i is become ancid, he ancescen
scu y; o when ha d, and allow-like,
he ophaceous scu y; las ly, when he
se um is become ac imonious, he mu ia ic
scu y. The mucous so was he i s he
au ho me wi h, and ema ked i mos
equen be o e Asoph,5 in he gene al ield-
hospi al a S . Anne; as also in he Neis e
campaign. He obse ed he ophaceous
i s in Finland, a Bo go,6 ann. 1742; and
he mu ia ic, whe e he ca ilages o he
ibs we e en i ely sepa a ed om he b eas -
bone,7 as was plainly o be seen and el ,
a he ield-hospi al a Abo,8 ann. 1743.
These a e he chie kinds o he slow
scu y, which occu ed in he Russian
a mies, and ell unde he au ho ’s obse -
a ion. The e is indeed ye ano he spe-
cies o i , p oceeding p obably om a o al
dissolu ion o he ed pa o he blood;
which occasions an ex ao dina y weakness
and edness o he body, swelled pendulous
cheeks, a bloa ed habi o body ex emely
s inking, ungous gums, ull o a bloody
humou , wi h somewha con ac ed o a he
4 D opsy.
The his o ical diagnosis o d opsy – which is now obsole e – indica ed simply an abno mal accumula ion o luid.
The wo d de i es om he G eek hyd ops (wa e ). Al e na i e o supplemen a y e ms included hyd o ho ax ( luid
in he ches ca i y), asci es (which s ill indica es excess ee luid in he abdominal ca i y), anasa ca (s ill used o
desc ibe gene alized edema h oughou he body).
h ps://doi.o g/10.1017/CHOL9780521332866.101
An ancien medical e m used o indica e di e en condi ions including ch onic hea ailu e.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijca d.2017.07.104
Scu y can cause hea ailu e, eg.
h ps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.go /a icles/PMC10949735
h ps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.go /a icles/PMC8913583
5 Asoph. Azo .
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Azo
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Sea_o _Azo
6 Po oo in Finnish; Bo gå in Swedish. A ci y in Sou he n Finland.
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Po oo
7 Cases simila o hese a Pa is. Vid. dissec ions, pa 2, cap. 7.
h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/ ea iseonscu y1772lind/page/238/mode/2up Poupa in Pa is, cases 3 o 21.
h ps://babel.ha hi us .o g/cgi/p ?id=ucm.5320216006&seq=263
The Poupa (1708) epo :
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.16846396
h ps://doi.o g/10.1098/ s l.1708.0035
8 Tu ku in Finnish; Åbo in Swedish. A ci y in Sou hwes Finland.
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Tu ku
6
weak knees, &c. Bu his he ne e obse -
p.430
ed, excep in some ew pa ien s in he in-
enchmen s o Us -Sama a.
Thus much o he cold scu y. The e
emains he o he gene al b anch o his
disease, iz. he ho and pain ul scu y. I
is dis inguished om he o me , 1s , By
he e being no ullness o swelling o he
body; on he con a y, he e is a he a
decay o was ing. 2dly, The gums
a e nei he so spungy no do hey yield so
bloody, œ id, o discolou ed an humou ;
bu a e a he e y ha d, swelled, ho , and
so pain ul, ha he gen les ouch gi es
agony. 3dly, The pains a e no so ixed
as in he cold scu y. The pa ien makes
con inual complain s, sighing and bemoan-
ing his unhappy condi ion; and has a con-
s an , hough i egula , e e . The pains
ly om one membe o ano he ; some imes
om he join s and back o he whole o
hal o he head, ee h, and neck; whe e,
a e occasioning he mos exquisi e o u e,
hey again ins an ly a ack he ou side o
inside o he b eas , occasioning ex eme
opp ession, s i ches, &c.: a e wa ds, sea ing
hemsel es in he belly, hey p oduce co-
lics, neph i ic pains, and s oppage o
p.431
u ine, and in he limbs all so s o con-
ulsi e con ac ions. 4 hly, The knees a e
in lexible and con ac ed: bu , unless i
has been occasioned by some ou wa d ac-
ciden , hey a e no so much swelled o in-
lamed as in he cold scu y. 5 hly, No
spo s a e seen. 6 hly, The e is a di e ence
o be pe cei ed in he u ine, which in he
li id and pe echial scu ies, hough no ac-
companied wi h any ema kable deg ee o
e e , is commonly o a deep ed colou ,
and unde goes li le al e a ion by s anding;
bu in he ho scu y, as he e is always a
e e , i d ops a copious sedimen , and
shews a ilm swimming a he op. This
ho scu y he has ema ked some imes;
bu he no whe e saw mo e pa ien s la-
bou ing unde i han a Wibu gh and Co-
bilack.
I may no be imp ope o desc ibe he
a ious causes which p oduced his calami y,
iz. p incipally he pale scu y, in he
o de in which hey occu ed.
1s , As o he siege o Asoph:9 This place
was a acked in he sp ing ann. 1736, in
p.432
e y pie cing cold wea he , accompanied
wi h equen ain, lee , and some imes
wi h snow. And as he e we e no woods
in he neighbou hood, he oops su e ed
ex emely, du ing his igo ous season, o
wan o uel. No did he egimen s a e
be e who we e o de ed o join us; as mos
o hem we e obliged o begin a long jou -
ney by land, upon a e y sho wa ning;
o we e anspo ed in boa s down he Don,10
oge he wi h he a ille y, om he ga -
ison o No a Pawlo sky, and he adjacen
places. Now, as his siege, by a ious
acciden s, was p o ac ed o h ee mon hs,
he incon eniencies and ha dships which
he oops su e ed, we e ex emely g ea .
1s , The wea he became a e wa ds exces-
si e ho ; and was qui e unsuppo able du-
ing sun-shine, and on calm days. 2dly,
We had a g ea deal o mois ainy wea he ;
which g ea ly incommoded ou a my,
which was incamped on slippe y and hilly
g ound; as also he sick in hei en s, who
we e no well a ended; hei en s we e
also ill con i ed, and badly shel e ed. 3dly,
Sickness was occasioned by he oo e-
9 Siege o Asoph 1736.
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Siege_o _Azo _(1736)
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Russo-Tu kish_Wa _(1735%E2%80%931739)
h ps://commons.wikimedia.o g/wiki/File:Siege_o _Azo _(1736).jpg
10 h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Don_( i e )
7
quen ea ing o ish badly d essed, wi h
which he plen i ul i e Don abounds.
4 hly, The b ead was no su icien ly baked,
o wan o ewel. 5 hly, The wa e was
e y impu e, being aken up om he o -
dable pa s o he Don, and i became e e y
p. 433
day mo e impu e. To which may be add-
ed, he p eceding camp-diso de s, iz.
luxes and obs ina e qua an agues; besides
he passions o he mind aging in he b eas s
o he soldie s, iz. e enge, ange , dis-
con en , &c. and he g ea a igues hey
unde wen .
As o wha ega ds he o ess o S .
Anne;11 hough his place is si ua ed p e y
high, ye he coun y abou i lies so low
wi h espec o G ea and Small12 Russia, ha
i is om hence annually o e lowed, ge-
ne ally in he mon hs o Ma ch and Ap il,
o hi y e s s13 a ound, upon he b eaking
loose o he ice and snow. I appea s a
his ime like a g ea sea; and many pa s
a e sunk se e al a hom below wa e . This
inunda ion o he Don b ings along wi h i
an inc edible numbe o excellen and e y
a ish; which we e sold excessi ely cheap,
and ea in immode a e quan i ies. Du ing
he inunda ion, he ai is e y aw, cold,
and windy. A he ime o i s d ying up,
he days a e excessi ely ho ; and he sun
is sco ching, when he wea he is ai ;
bu he nigh s, on he con a y, a e in-
ole ably cold, and he ai is oggy and mois .
As he mo asses d y up, and he emaining
ish (especially c ay- ish, o which he e is
an as onishing quan i y le behind) begin
o pu i y, he ai becomes o ensi e; and so
hick, ha i is se e al hou s e e y mo ning,
p.434
be o e he sun has powe o dissipa e he
noxious apou s. Upon he e ea ing o
he lood, he g ound shews a sandy bo -
om, and is o med in o li le islands and
banks o sand, su ounded wi h o ds illed
wi h s agna ing wa e . Wha was d ank,
was o en no aken whe e he s eam was
quick and deep, bu in such o ds whe e i
was muddy and g easy. The ish emaining
behind, we e ea in immode a e quan i ies
badly d essed. The ba acks we e buil on
mo ass, damp g ound, and oo low. Las ly,
The soldie s being he only inhabi an s o
he ga ison, we e obliged o s and e e y
day up o hei middle in wa e , in o de o
unload he necessa y wood; which is always
sen hem o ewel14 and building om he
Uk aine.
The p incipal eason why, o hose egi-
men s who ma ched o Oczakow,15 such a
conside able numbe we e a acked by he
scu y, and b ough in o he hospi al a Co-
bilack, was, he excessi e a igues hey un-
de wen h ough he whole win e , pa ly
in cu ing open he ice o he Neipe ,16 o
p e en he incu sions o he Ta a s; and
pa ly in pe o ming o he ha d and se e e
mili a y du ies, ei he in s o my ainy
wea he , o du ing excessi e os and cold,
wi hou ha ing p ope con eniences,
11 Annensky o ess uins (1730) nea S a oche kasskaya.
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/S a oche kasskaya
12 Small Russia. La gely cu en Uk aine.
”Up o he e y end o he 19 h cen u y, Li le Russia was he p e ailing e m o much o he mode n e i o y o
Uk aine ha was pa o he Russian Empi e”
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Li le_Russia
13 Ve s . Abou 1 km.
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Ve s
14 Fewel. A chaic spelling o uel.
15 Oczakow. Ochaki . A ci y in Uk aine.
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Ochaki
16 Ri e Dniepe .
h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Dniepe
8
lodgings, o die . E en hose who unde -
wen no a igue, being a lic ed wi h di -
p.435
e en complain s, o wan o su icien a -
endance, es , and quie , in he a my, be-
came also sco bu ic.
As o wha ega ds he g ea numbe o
sco bu ic pa ien s, which occu ed no only
du ing he ma ch o he a my om Ocza-
kow, bu also du ing he Neis e campaign;
he au ho ea s only o he la e , as ha-
ing been he e in pe son; and because,
acco ding o his bes in o ma ion, he oc-
casions and causes o he malady in bo h
di e ed e y li le, o a he no a all.
The mos pa o he ec ui s equi ed
o comple e he a my, joined i seldom
soone han when ei he he a my was eady
o ma ch, o was ac ually in mo ion. And
hough hey we e gene ally young aw
ellows, excessi ely a igued a e a long
and edious jou ney; ye i was no pos-
sible hen o g an hem any es o neces-
sa y e eshmen . They we e di ec ly in-
co po a ed in o he espec i e egimen s;
and en e ed a once upon a new way o
li e, iz. o cons an disquie , mili a y ha d-
ships and se e i ies, and o g ea a igue.
The ma ches we e begun ea ly in he mo n-
ing, o en du ing hick ogs and dews,
hea y ains, o se e e cold. Towa ds he
middle o he day, hey we e opp essed
wi h in ole able sco ching hea , and clouds
o dus , o wi h much ain. The ma ch
was p o ac ed o he mos pa ill noon,
p.436
and o en beyond ha ime, acco ding as
wa e , wood, and o age we e o be me
wi h in hose dese places. Thus he poo
soldie , a e a a iguing jou ney, qui e
spen wi h hi s , and en eebled by he ex-
cessi e hea o he sun, o d enched in ain,
a i ed a las a he camp. Bu o en,
e en he e, no es could be pe mi ed him.
He was obliged, acco ding as i was his
ou , o go upon he pique , abunen, o
he cen inel’s du y. Ano he g ea ha d-
ship was he wan o good and clean wa e
upon he oads. O e come by he excel-
li e hea , some h ew hemsel es naked
in o e e y di y muddy pond hey me
while o he s endea ou ed o allay hei io-
len hi s , occasioned by he dus and sun,
by g eedily d inking up e e y d op o il-
hy s agna ing wa e hey saw upon he
g ound. This b ed many diseases, especi-
ally con inual in lamma o y e e s, &c.
men ull o blood we e a acked wi h
apoplec ic i s; which i no emo ed by
immedia ely blood-le ing, hey quickly
expi ed. Thei blood was so in lamed, ha
i came ou o he eins as hick as pi ch.
Bu he ha dships which he sick unde -
wen , we e s ill g ea e . They we e by
mos egimen s ca ied in open ca s, exposed
o all he inclemencies o he clima e and
wea he , iz. o ain, dus , and wind, hea
and cold. In passing he de iles, being
p.437
gene ally he las , i was always se e al hou s
be o e hey a i ed in camp a e hei egi-
men s; no wi hs anding on he ma ching-
days hey se ou ea ly in he mo ning, long
be o e he es o he a my; and a e ha -
ing been qui e we wi h ain in hei ca s,
we e hen aken ou , and laid upon hei bed
s e ched ou unde mois can as, upon he
cold we g ound. No , in such a lic ing ci -
cums ances o he sick, was i a small addi-
ion o hei mise y, ha , in his desola e
and uninhabi ed coun y, p ope ood and
d ink could no be p ocu ed, in o de o
es o e hem o heal h. Hence i is no o
be wonde ed a , ha om such causes, as
also by eason o he g ea p eceding sick-
ness and e e s in he camp (which, o
wan o con eniencies and p ope ea men ,
we e no b ough o a pe ec c isis) he
scu y aged wi h such uncommon des uc-
ion.
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