A new combination in the genus Tetrataenium (Apiaceae)

Vol. 34(1): 65–68 (2024) ISSN: 0971-2313 (Print edition) ISSN: 2582-2438 (Online edition) https://dx.doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.01.08 Journal of the Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy RESEARCH ARTICLE A new combination in the genus Tetrataenium (Apiaceae) Rekha C. & K.M. Manudev* Centre for Post Graduate Studies & Research, Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous, Affiliated to the University of Calicut), Devagiri, Medical College PO, Kozhikode district, Kerala – 673 008, India *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The species of Heracleum L. native to the Western Ghats, except endemic Heracleum dalgadianum S.M.Almeida has been transferred to Tetrataenium (DC.) Manden. Through morphological and carpological analysis, we propose its new combination in Tetrataenium. Keywords: Combinatio nova, Endemism, Heracleum dalgadianum, Nomenclature, Sect. Tetrataenium, T. dalgadianum. Introduction Heracleum L. is a widespread, taxonomically complex genus established by Linnaeus (1753), with a native range in the temperate northern hemisphere, Northwest Africa, Eritrea, and Malawi (POWO, 2024). The genus was assigned to the Apiaceae (tribe Peucedaneae; subtribe Tordyliinae) by Drude (1898). Pimenov and Leonov (1993) moved it to the tribe Tordylieae and the recent molecular phylogenetic analysis (Downie et al., 2001; Ajani et al., 2008) confirmed this treatment. Candolle (1830) assigned six sections in Heracleum, viz., sect. Tetrataenium DC., sect. Euheracleum DC. nom. illeg. (=sect. Heracleum), sect. Sphondylium (Mill.)DC., sect. Carmelia DC., sect. Wendtia (Hoffm.) DC., and sect. Trichogonium DC. Candolle’s sect. Tetrataenium is characterized by yellow symmetric flowers with equal petals and by the presence of additional tubules on the fruits, and consisted of three species, viz. Heracleum nepalense D.Don, H. obtusifolium Wall. ex DC., and H. rigens Wall. ex DC. Mandenova (1959) elevated this section to a genus Tetrataenium (DC.) Manden. with five species, viz., Tetrataenium hookerianum (Wight & Arn.) Manden., T. nepalense (D.Don) Manden., T. olgae (Regel & Schmalh.) Manden., T. rigens (Wall. ex DC.) Manden., and T. sprengelianum (Wight & Arn.) Manden. As circumscribed by Mandenova, the genus Tetrataenium differs from Heracleum in having symmetric flowers (vs. asymmetric flowers with enlarged outer petals), yellow petals (vs. white petals), long and thin secretory ducts (vs. short, broad and clavate secretory ducts), and seed face plane sulcate under the vittae (vs. seed face plane, not sulcate). The genus is also characterized by its carpological features which include large-keeled dorsal mericarp ribs with very wide marginal wings, 1–3 vallecular vittae, dorsal and commissural vittae of equal length (rarely sub equal), and 2–6 commissural vittae, extending c. 2/3 to 3/4 as long as mericarp as opposed to filiform dorsal mericarp ribs, single vallecular vittae, dorsal and commissural vittae of unequal length, and 2 commissural vittae, extending c. 1/4 to 1/2 as long as mericarp (sometimes absent) in Heracleum (Yu et al., 2011; Liu & Downie, 2017; Plunkett et al., 2018; Kljuykov et al., 2019). Cauwet-Marc et al. (1982) and Mandenova (1986, 1987, 1991, 1995) transferred 19 species to Tetrataenium. Later two more species were described by Kljuykov et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2021) respectively. Among them, T. candicans (Wall. ex DC.) Manden., T. obtusifolium (Wall. ex DC.) Manden., T. pinnatum (C.B.Clarke) Manden. are currently treated under the genus Heracleum while T. himalayense Manden. (=T. canescens (Lindl.) Manden.), T. candolleanum (Wight & Arn.) Manden. and T. ligusticifolium (Wight & Arn.) Manden. (=T. rigens (Wall. ex DC.) Manden.) are treated as synonyms. A broader circumscription of the genus Heracleum was adopted by Mukherjee and Constance (1993), Watson (1999), and Pu and Watson (2005). They emphasized the limited morphological divergence between Heracleum and Tetrataenium and highlighted shared characteristics, such as Received: 09.09.2023; Revised & Accepted: 11.03.2024 Published Online: 31.03.2024 Rheedea 66 A new combination in Tetrataenium Fig. 1 . Holotype of Tetrataenium dalgadianum (S.M.Almeida) C.Rekha & Manudev © BLAT, Mumbai. Reproduced with permission. petal coloration and petal expansion, as evidence against maintaining Tetrataenium as a distinct genus. However, the molecular investigations of Logacheva et al. (2010) and Yu et al. (2011) confirmed the distinctiveness of Tetrataenium, which was followed subsequently by different authors (Pimenov, 2017; Plunkett et al., 2018; Xiao et al., 2018). The genus is distributed along the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, Iran, China, and Central Asia (Mandenova, 1959, 1987; Pimenov & Kljuykov, 2002; Xiao et al., 2018), and currently includes 21 species (Xiao et al., 2018; POWO, 2024). During a taxonomic revision of the family Apiaceae in the Western Ghats, it was found that seven species originally described under Heracleum from this region, except H. dalgadianum S.M.Almeida, were transferred to Tetrataenium. Heraceleum dalgadianum was described by Almeida (1985) from the Savantwadi region of the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. An investigation of pertinent literature revealed that H. dalgadianum was known only from its type collection. A critical analysis of the type specimen housed at BLAT revealed that H. dalgadianum has symmetric flowers with yellow petals, long secretory ducts and schizocarp with wide marginal wings, large dorsal ribs, equal length of commissural and dorsal vittae, agreeing with Tetrataenium. Hence a new combination is made here under the genus Tetrataenium. Taxonomic Treatment Tetrataenium dalgadianum (S.M.Almeida) C.Rekha & Manudev, comb. nov. Heracleum dalgadianum S.M.Almeida, Indian Forester 111(3): 158. 1985; S.M.Almeida, Fl. Savantwadi, 195. 1990; M.R.Almeida, Fl. Maharashtra 354. 1996; N.P.Singh et al., Fl. Maharashtra 98. 2001; V.P.Prasad, J. Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc. 102(3): 380. 2005; P.K. Mukh. & Constance, Umbel. India 151. 1993; Karthik. et al., Fl. Pl. India Dicotyl. 1: 110. 2009; P.K.Mukh., R.Manik. & Murug. in Mao & Dash, Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. Dicot. 621. 2020. Type: INDIA, Maharashtra, Sindhudurg district, Amboli-Savantwadi, 11.09.1980, S.M. Almeida SMA2815-A (holo BLAT!; iso BLAT!). Fig. 1 Flowering & fruiting: Flowering from June to August, and fruiting from August to November. Habitat: Sloppy areas in forests and hill slopes. Distribution: India. Notes: Tetrataenium dalgadianum is morphologically allied to T. aquilegifolium (C.B.Clarke) Manden. and T. grande (Dalzell & A.Gibson) Manden., but differs from the former by ovate-lanceolate leaflets (vs. broadly ovate), peduncles (6–10 vs. 3–6 cm long), carpophores as long as the fruit and persistent (vs. short, not persistent), commissural vittae (4–6 vs. 6–8), and from the latter by linear-lanceolate bracts and bracteoles (vs. oblong or obovate) and slightly pubescent mericarps with broad wings (vs. glabrous with narrow wings). 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