SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
219
IMPLEMENTING WATER COLLECTION AND IRRIGATION
USING THE STEP (TERRACE) METHOD IN MOUNTAINOUS
AND HILLY AREAS
B.E. Abjambilo
S uden o g oup 23-12, ST "Ag anomy," Tashken S a e Ag a ian Uni e si y, Specialis ,
Fa me s' Council, Pakh ako Dis ic , Jizzakh Region
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17312482
Abs ac . This a icle p esen s in o ma ion on cu en issues ela ed o comba ing wa e
sca ci y and p e en ing dese i ica ion in Uzbekis an, as well as on he de elopmen o ou ism
and he cul i a ion o medicinal plan s h ough landscape design in moun ainous oo hills.
Keywo ds: ainwa e , snowwa e , ou ism, moun ains, oo hills, wa e ha es ing,
Philippine ice e aces, I ugao, Banaue, and he Co dille a.
In oduc ion
I is impo an o emphasize ha e icien use o Uzbekis an's moun ainous oo hills,
imp o emen o he ag o-ecological sys em using he
example o he Philippine Rice Te aces, and p o ision o
d inking wa e o he popula ion.
Wa e sho ages in Uzbekis an.
I is wo h men ioning ha Sha ka Mi ziyoye s a ed
ha he egion will ace high le els o wa e sho ages by
2040. In his speech a he Sama kand In e na ional Clima e
Fo um, he P esiden s a ed ha by 2040, he coun ies o he
Cen al Asian egion (CA) will ace high le els o wa e
sho ages due o educed low o he Amu Da ya and Sy
Da ya i e s. Uzbekis an also in ends o ul ill i s emission
educ ion commi men s ahead o schedule.
Regions wi h he g ea es wa e sho ages by 2040.
Acco ding o expe s, due o clima e change, popula ion g ow h, and unsus ainable use o
wa e esou ces, wa e sho ages will become a se ious p oblem in many egions o he wo ld.
(Sou ce: h ps:// .me/go izon _uz/50107 ).
P o esso o he Depa men o Ag icul u e and Land Reclama ion a Tashken S a e
Ag a ian Uni e si y, Doc o o Ag icul u al Sciences Usmon No kulo .
The olume o wa e los in ou wa e in ake ne wo ks is ex emely high. Up o 40% o he
o al wa e olume is los h ough il a ion (wa e seepage in o he g ound), e apo a ion, and
unin en ional uno in canals and di ches. Only 12-15% o ou canals a e conc e ed. Fu he mo e,
he cul i a ion o wa e -in ensi e c ops in he egions u he exace ba es he cu en si ua ion. A
p esen , he e is an expanding co pus o esea ch indica ing he amoun o wa e ecei ed by
Uzbekis an is 79% o he 1980s le el. In d y yea s, wa e in ake om he Amu Da ya and Sy
Da ya i e s dec eases by 8,000-10,000 m³, and we use up o 40,000-45,000 m³ o i iga ion. Due
o wa e sho ages in d y yea s, ag icul u al p oduc i i y signi ican ly declines. Acco ding o he
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
220
la es es ima es, ou coun y ecei es he mos wa e om ansbounda y i e s among he
coun ies o Cen al Asia. Cu en ly, he olume o wa e we ecei e om hese i e s is 50 km³.
Acco ding o expe s, 33 coun ies wo ldwide a e among he mos wa e -s essed.
Uzbekis an may also be added o his lis in he nex 8-10 yea s.
Snow and Rainwa e Ha es ing.
In his case, de eloping ho icul u e and g owing ag icul u al p oduce by collec ing snow
and ainwa e using e aces in he moun ains leads o a educ ion in g oundwa e use. When
collec ing snow and ainwa e using e aces, a di ch is dug and plas ic o i on pipes a e laid, he
op o which is co e ed wi h a ine mesh. As hese e aces a e laid, di ches a e di e ed om hem
in line wi h he plan ed ees. The use o e aces leads o he c ea ion o g een spaces in he hills
and a landscape ans o ma ion. Fu he mo e, he clima e is mode a ed, p e en ing dus and sal s
om ising in o he en i onmen . Fu he mo e, he need o g oundwa e is educed. D ip i iga ion
helps sa e ene gy. Soil mois u e con en also inc eases depending on he c ops g own.
Republic o he Philippines, Banaue Rice Te aces.
The Philippines is an ag o-indus ial coun y. Ag icul u e accoun s o 22% o he g oss
domes ic p oduc , indus y o 32%, and se ices o 48%. Smallholde a ms accoun o mos o
he ag icul u e. The e a e also la ge plan a ion a ms. The a ea o land sui able o ag icul u e is 9
million hec a es (30% o he coun y's e i o y), o which 1 million hec a es is i iga ed. Peasan
a ming p edomina es. Suga cane, abaca, ubbe ees, coconu palms, peanu s, co ee, cocoa,
obacco, opical and ci us ui s a e g own o expo . The main ood c ops a e ice, co n, swee
po a oes, cassa a, and ege ables. Li es ock a ming is well de eloped: ca le, bu alo, pigs, goa s,
and poul y a e b ed, and ishing is also p ac iced. The o es s yield aluable expo imbe ,
osewood and sequoia.
The Banaue Rice Te aces (Filipino: Xagdan-xagdang Palayanng Banawe) a e e aces
ca ed in o he Banaue Moun ains by he I ugao ances o s using minimal equipmen , mos ly by
hand. The e aces a e loca ed a an al i ude o app oxima ely 1,500 me e s (4,900 ee ) abo e sea
le el. They ha e his o ically been used as a ain- ed i iga ion sys em. Ame ican an h opologis
Hen y O ley Beye (July 13, 1883 – Decembe 31, 1966) es ima ed he e aces o be o e 2,000
yea s old, bu some esea che s dispu e his, claiming hey we e buil much mo e ecen ly.
Ne e heless, ice is conside ed an
ancien , indigenous c op in he
Philippines.
Ano he h i ing sec o o he
Banaue ice e aces' economy is ou ism.
The ou ism indus y includes isi s o
adi ional si es on he e aces and isi s
o he ibes li ing a hei oo . Visi o s
can also consul mumbaki ( adi ional
I ugao heale s) who pe o m spi i ual
healing i uals. The I ugao ice e aces
e ain adi ional me hods o i iga ion,
s onewo k, ea hwo ks, and e ace
main enance. The ice e aces suppo ed
and shaped he li es o communi y membe s, p o iding a sou ce o li e and a . (A ou is
pho og aphs he ice e aces.)
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
221
Rice Te aces o he Philippine Co dille a.
I is impe a i e o ecognize ha Wo ld He i age
si e comp ising a complex o ice e aces on he island
o Luzon, Philippines. They we e insc ibed on he
UNESCO Wo ld He i age Lis in 1995, becoming he
i s si e o be insc ibed as a cul u al landscape. The Ba ad
and Bangaan Rice Te aces (bo h in Banaue), Mayoyao
Rice Te aces (in Mayoyao), Hungduan Rice Te aces (in
Hungduand), and Nagakadan Rice Te aces (in Kiangan)
a e loca ed in he p o ince o I ugao. The I ugao ice
e aces a e loca ed on highe g ound and s eepe slopes
han many o he e aces. The I ugao ice e aces
combine complex s one o adobe walls wi h me iculous
ec ea ion o he na u al con ou s o hills and moun ains,
c ea ing e aced ponds, complex i iga ion sys ems,
wa e ha es ing om moun ain o es s, and a sophis ica ed ag icul u al sys em.
I is pe inen o obse e ha he I ugao Rice
Te aces demons a e he ema kable abili y o human
cul u e o adap o new social and clima ic p essu es, as
well as o implemen and de elop new ideas and
echnologies. Al hough lis ed as a UNESCO Wo ld
He i age Si e by he UNESCO as olde han 2000 yea s,
ecen esea ch by he I ugao A chaeological P ojec
sugges s ha hey we e ac ually buil abou 400 yea s
ago. Rice e ace managemen e lec s a p ima ily
coope a i e app oach o he en i e communi y, based on he ich di e si y o biological esou ces
a ailable in he I ugao ag o-ecosys em, zoning and planning, ex ensi e soil conse a ion, and he
adop ion o in eg a ed pes managemen . I is a egime based on he p ocessing o a ious he bs,
accompanied by eligious ce emonies.
The annual P ecipi a ion: Depending on la i ude, dis ance om seas and oceans, wind di ec ion,
and e ain, p ecipi a ion amoun s a y ac oss he Ea h's su ace. In he opics, p ecipi a ion is
o e 1,000 mm, some imes up o 12,000 mm (e.g., in India); in empe a e la i udes, i anges om
250 mm o 1,000 mm; in dese s and high la i udes, i is less han 250 mm (e.g., Egyp ). O e all,
he annual p ecipi a ion alling on he Ea h's su ace a e ages 1,000 mm (mo e han 50,000 km³
o wa e ). In Uzbekis an, p ecipi a ion is conside ed he main sou ce o wa e and is une enly
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
222
dis ibu ed ac oss egions and seasons. This is p ima ily due o he na u e o ai masses, su ace
s uc u e, and he o ien a ion and ele a ion o moun ains. P ecipi a ion is p ima ily b ough by
mois ai masses blowing om he A lan ic Ocean.
The lowes annual p ecipi a ion in Uzbekis an occu s in he Us yu egion, he lowe
eaches o he Amu Da ya, and he Kyzylkum Dese – app oxima ely 100 mm. P ecipi a ion
inc eases o he eas and sou heas due o he ele a ion. The a e age annual p ecipi a ion in he
hilly and oo hill egions o Uzbekis an is 300–550 mm, while on he sou hwes e n slopes o he
Wes e n Tien Shan, Hiso , and Za a shan, acing humid ai , i is 800–900 mm. The g ea es annual
p ecipi a ion in Uzbekis an is 2000 mm, acing humid ai , owa ds he Wes e n Tien Shan. The
majo i y o p ecipi a ion alls in win e (30% o he annual amoun ) and sp ing (40%).
While on he plains o Uzbekis an i ains 35–40 days a yea , in he moun ains his igu e
is 70–90 days. Some o he p ecipi a ion alls as snow. Howe e , snow co e is uns able on he
egion's plains: in he no hwes , i las s 40-50 days, in he sou heas , 10-15 days, and in he
moun ains, 90-100 days. The a e age snow dep h on he plains is 1-8 cm (maximum 30 cm). In
he oo hills, i is 10-20 cm (maximum 60 cm), and in he moun ains, 60 cm (maximum 1.5-2.0
m). The pa o he p ecipi a ion in Uzbekis an alls as hail, mixed wi h s ong winds and slee .
Hail alls once e e y 10 yea s: on he plains, on a e age, 1 o 6-7 imes, and in he oo hills and
moun ains, 1-2 imes. In summe , he ai wa ms up signi ican ly, leading o in ense e apo a ion o
mois u e om he g ound su ace. As a esul , in he lowlands o Uzbekis an, e apo a ion is se e al
imes g ea e han annual p ecipi a ion (3.5 imes in Tashken and 27 imes in Nukus). 80–85% o
e apo a ion occu s be ween May and Oc obe .
I is undamen al o unde s and ha e apo a ion in he lowlands o Uzbekis an is se e al
imes g ea e han annual p ecipi a ion, snow and ainwa e can be e ec i ely u ilized by
implemen ing he " ice e aces o he Philippines" model in Uzbekis an. In his case, snow and
ainwa e a e collec ed om he lowe pa s o he hills, c ea ing a single s eam h ough he
e aces, and hen di e ed h ough a dam made o ocks and soil om he lowe pa s o he hills.
The wa e is collec ed and d ained in o ponds cons uc ed in he shape o a pond. Cons uc ion o
an a i icial pond is inexpensi e, bu i can be used egula ly in he u u e. Fu he mo e, i he wa e
om he pond is collec ed in a closed ese oi o special anks, i can be ecycled and used o
d inking wa e . I is essen ial o highligh ha wa e collec ed in sp ing and au umn is widely used
in ag icul u e in moun ainous and oo hill egions. I is p ima ily used o g ow expo p oduc s,
ui s, and medicinal he bs.
Fo example, an a icle published on www.spo .uz on July 3, 2025 ("Almond p ices in
Uzbekis an ha e almos doubled — Eas F ui (July 3, 2025, 3:59 PM Economy))
(h ps://www.spo .uz/oz/2025/07/03/almond-p ice/) epo s ha o e he pas 2-2.5 mon hs, he
wholesale p ice o almond ke nels om las yea 's local ha es has inc eased by 1.2-2.5%. P ices
a e epo ed o ha e almos doubled, om 65,000-70,000 soums (US$5-5.4) pe kilog am o
120,000-130,000 soums (US$9.5-10.2). Almonds a e undemanding in e ms o soil condi ions bu
h i e in so soils. They a e mode a ely os -ha dy and d ough - esis an , so hey a e also plan ed
on moun ain slopes o c ea e hedges agains e osion. The yield o a single ee is 60-80 kg. The e
a e local almond a ie ies ecommended o plan ing in he Republic o Uzbekis an and included
in he S a e Regis e o Ag icul u al C ops, including "Bumazhnosko lupiy," "Pe enes,"
"Tu kmen," "S e ly," "Ugamsky," "Val insky," and "Malika." They a e e y d ough - esis an and
g ow well on d y, ocky, and in e ile sou he n moun ain slopes, wi hou any si e selec ion.
Almond seedlings a e plan ed in he all o ea ly sp ing. Since almonds equi e ligh , hey do no
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
223
g ow well in cool a eas and h i e in loamy soils con aining lime. Almonds a e pho ophilous and
hea - and d ough - esis an . Plan ing almonds and simila d ough - esis an ui ees will inc ease
Uzbekis an's expo po en ial. Because shade is c ea ed be ween o cha ds, wa e e apo a ion is
educed and mois u e is conse ed, allowing o he cul i a ion o ag icul u al p oduce be ween
o cha ds.
Fu he mo e, g owing medicinal plan s be ween ees and in open g ound can imp o e
heal h and p o ide addi ional income o he popula ion. Medicinal plan s such as cape s and
e ening p im ose (Oeno he a biennis) can be g own. Newly plan ed cape s begin bea ing ui
a e h ee yea s, yielding up o 20 ons pe hec a e. Conside ing ha each hec a e o cape s can
gene a e $125,000 in expo s, i 's wo h no ing he eno mous weal h o his medicinal and healing
plan . Conside ing ha 1 kilog am o cape juice cos s 150-200 US dolla s on he wo ld ma ke , i
en ep eneu s engaged in cape cul i a ion begin p ocessing his p oduc , hey will ha e a s able
economy in 5-6 yea s.
In A menian, cape s a e called "kapa " and in Geo gian, "kapa i." Biblical w i ings indica e
ha cape ui s ha e aph odisiac p ope ies. Acco ding o A.F. Hamme man (1973), his amazing
plan has chosen he mos inhospi able places o i s habi a . The esilien and ha dy cape plan
blooms all summe , nou ishing insec s wi h he juice o i s la ge, beau i ul whi e lowe s, and bi ds
wi h i s ui s. Like all plan s, sa lowe is ich in i amins, ibe , and o ganic acids. The lowe
pe als con ain 25% p o ein and 3% a , and he ui s con ain i amin C and iodine. Sa lowe
(Sappa is Spinosa L.), g owing in he wild, is a medicinal plan con aining a ious i amins: A,
B1, B2, B4, B5, B6, E, K, PP, C. In addi ion o hese i amins, sa lowe - Sappa is spinosa L. - a
medicinal plan , con ains mic oelemen s ha de e mine i s bene icial p ope ies: i on, po assium,
sodium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, coppe , manganese, phospho us, calcium, as well as
mac oelemen s. The buds and lowe s o he p im ose con ain i amin C, la onoids ( u in and
que ce in), saponins, dyes and o he subs ances, he ui s - suga s, i amin C, o ganic acids, he
seeds - 25-36% a , hioglycoside, du ing hyd olysis o which mus a d essen ial oil is eleased, and
he oo s - glycosides o s achyd ine and cappa idine. The e ening p im ose plan di e s om
o he ege able c ops in ha i con ains 0.32% u in, 150 mg/% i amins S, P, and E, 12% suga ,
18–20% la onoids, 29–30% glycosides, 25% p o ein in he buds, and 27–30% iodine in he ui s.
The e ening p im ose plan (La in: Oeno he a biénnis) is also known by o he names, such
as e ening p im ose, nigh shade, and o he s. Oeno he a (La in: Oeno he a), some imes called
e ening p im ose, is a genus o plan s in he genus Oeno he a, p ima ily annual o pe ennial, in
he p im ose amily (Onag aceae). This plan is o en conside ed use ul in medicine, nu sing, and
he cosme ics indus y. Basic desc ip ion: La in name - Oeno he a biennis ( he mos popula ),
Uzbek name - Osilnik / Osilnik, amily - Onag aceae - e ening p im ose, li espan - 1 o 2 yea s
(o en biennial), heigh - om 30 cm o 150 cm, lea es - long, al e na e, lowe s - la ge, yellowish,
open in he e ening, ui - a capsule wi h seeds.
The lax ee is na i e o No h Ame ica, bu now g ows in Eu ope, Asia, and Cen al Asia,
including Uzbekis an. I can o en be ound along oadsides, in acan lo s, and in ga dens.
Medicinal p ope ies: The mos aluable pa o he lax ee is i s seeds and he oil ex ac ed om
hem. Flaxseed oil: ich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a bene icial omega-6 a y acid. An i-
in lamma o y, ho monal balance, and bene icial o skin heal h. Bene i s: Skin: educes acne,
eczema, d yness, and in lamma ion o he skin. Women's heal h: elie es p emens ual synd ome
(PMS) and menopausal symp oms. Join s: helps educe a h i is pain. Hea heal h: can lowe
blood p essu e and egula e choles e ol le els. In olk medicine, laxseed was used by Na i e
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
224
Ame icans in ancien imes o ea wounds and swelling. I is s ill widely used in he bal medicine.
The oil is sold in pha macies in capsule o m (also known as e ening p im ose oil), as a ea (a
decoc ion o d ied lea es), and as an oin men o ex e nal use o skin p oblems.
Plan ing e ening p im ose. Timing: When sowing seeds: ea ly sp ing (Ma ch-Ap il),
indoo s o di ec ly in o open g ound (Ap il-May). When ansplan ing seedlings: a e he las os
(la e May - ea ly June). Seed p epa a ion: Soaking seeds in wa m wa e o e nigh accele a es
ge mina ion. The seeds a e small and ligh , so hey should be sown in a well-d ained loca ion. Soil:
ligh , sandy, o loamy soil is ideal. The plan can o e en in e y hea y, mois u e- e en i e soils.
Soil pH: 6.0-7.5 (nea neu al). Si e selec ion: Requi es ull sunligh (a leas 6-8 hou s). Does no
bloom o g ows slowly in shade. Plan ing dep h: Sow a a dep h o 0.5–1 cm. Ligh ly compac he
soil. P im ose Ca e: Wa e ing: Mode a e. A oid o e wa e ing; wa e only when he soil d ies.
Wa e egula ly a e plan ing, educing once oo ing has occu ed. I does no equi e much
e ilize . In sp ing, you can add a small amoun o compos o o ganic e ilize . P uning:
Regula ly emo e aded lowe s o encou age new bud o ma ion. In au umn, when all pa s ha e
yellowed, cu hem back o he g ound. The plan is e y esis an o diseases and pes s.
Occasionally, mealybugs and spide mi es a e encoun e ed; hese can be con olled wi h a soap
solu ion.
E ening p im ose (also known as e ening p im ose) is a species o plan in he i eweed
amily (Onag aceae), which is a e y di e se g oup. In na u e, i occu s as he bs and sh ubs, bo h
b anched and unb anched.
Bo anical Desc ip ion: Plan s o his species a e dis inguished by a a ie y o lea shapes:
hey can be simple, en i e, se a ed, lobed, o pinna e. Pa icula ly no ewo hy is he biennial
e ening p im ose, which eaches a heigh o up o 2 me e s and has la ge, ag an yellow lowe s.
Flowe ing Cha ac e is ics: A dis inc i e ea u e o he e ening p im ose is ha i s lowe s
open in he e ening, gi ing he plan he common name "nigh p im ose."
Dis ibu ion and Ecology: Mos e ening p im ose species a e ound in No h and Sou h
Ame ica. Today, his plan species can be ound in a ious egions o he wo ld, including
Eu opean Russia, whe e i o en g ows in ields, along i e banks, along ailway embankmen s,
and in sandy a eas.
P ac ical Uses: E ening p im ose has se e al impo an uses. O namen al Uses: Many
beau i ully lowe ing a ie ies a e g own in ga dens. Honey P oduc ion: E ening p im ose is a
aluable honey plan , a ac ing bees wi h i s ag an lowe s. Fo age c ops: The plan is used as
li es ock eed. Medicinal uses: Some species o e ening p im ose a e used in olk medicine.
Cul i a ion: E ening p im ose can g ow in bo h no mal and open a eas. I p e e s sunny loca ions
and well-d ained soil. In ho icul u e, he ansli e a ion o he La in name Oeno he a is o en used.
Bees collec nec a om biennial e ening p im oses, e u ning om he ime he lowe s
open un il e ening, and in he mo ning, be o e sun ise. They begin collec ing nec a upon seeing
one o wo lowe s. The honey yield o di e en eco ypes s udied in he Ryazan egion was as
ollows: Cen al Russian – 40.1 kg/ha, Caucasian – 87.8 kg/ha, and Cen al Eu opean – 151.1
kg/ha. The lowe ing pe iod o he di e en eco ypes unde simila condi ions was as ollows:
Cen al Russian – 57 days, Caucasian – 62 days, and Cen al Eu opean – 75 days. The honey is
g eenish-da k yellow and is sui able o win e ing bees. Pollen p oduc ion is low. The an he
weigh o a single lowe is 14.0–18.0 mg, and he pollen yield is 4.7–6.0 mg. This o namen al
hyb id o m is a aluable pas u e plan . Li es ock, especially sheep and ca le, a e well- ed. In
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
225
lo icul u e, e ening p im ose is popula as a beau i ul lowe ing plan . Hyb id e ening p im ose
a ie ies a e also called "p im ose."
Chemical composi ion: 1 kg o d y plan ma e ha es ed in June con ains 4036 mg o
asco bic acid in he lea es and 2536 mg in he lowe s. Asco bic acid is ound only in he
eoxidized o m. Acco ding o some sou ces, d y seeds con ain: 7.1% ash, 15.6% p o ein, 19.6%
a , 17.0% ibe , and 40.7% ni ogen- ee ex ac i e subs ances (NFES). Acco ding o o he
sou ces, he oil con en is 28.4% (iodine alue 147.68). The seeds con ain 5.6–5.7% palmi ic acid,
26.4–27.6% oleic acid, and 58.1–64.5% linoleic acid. No alkaloids we e de ec ed in he s em,
lea es, o lowe s. In addi ion o i s medicinal p ope ies, his plan can be used in medicine, he
p oduc ion o pha maceu icals and na u al medicinal honey, as li es ock eed, and in landscape
design. Gi en i s use, i can also con ibu e o he de elopmen o he economy and ou ism in
Uzbekis an.
In some moun ainous and oo hill a eas o Uzbekis an, he d ying up o s eams du ing he
summe inc eases he popula ion's demand o g oundwa e . This will also lead o g oundwa e
deple ion in he u u e. Gi en popula ion g ow h, he demand o ood and medicine will inc ease.
This is due o he dec ease in wa e a ailabili y, leading o a decline in ag icul u al p oduc ion,
en i onmen al deg ada ion, and an inc ease in disease. I he abo e expe imen s a e adap ed and
implemen ed in Uzbekis an, he popula ion's ood needs will be me , domes ic p ices will dec ease,
and expo po en ial o o eign coun ies will inc ease. This, in u n, will lead o economic g ow h.
Wa e -s able medicinal plan s will imp o e public heal h and educe he need o a ious
chemicals.
CONCLUSION
I is signi ican o poin ou ha acco ding o expe es ima es, 33 coun ies wo ldwide a e
among he mos wa e -sca ce coun ies, and ha Uzbekis an may also join his lis wi hin he nex
8-10 yea s, i is essen ial o use wa e a ionally, e icien ly u ilizing moun ain and oo hill
esou ces and ha es ing snow and ainwa e . Fu he mo e, i is necessa y o e icien ly use land
in moun ainous and oo hill a eas, p ese e he en i onmen , and enhance biodi e si y. This
equi es cul i a ing expo -o ien ed ee ui s, ag icul u al p oduc s, and medicinal plan s. These
e o s will p e en o signi ican ly educe dese i ica ion in Uzbekis an and, ul ima ely, mi iga e
he ho clima e h ough he in luence o g een di e si y. They will also help mee he popula ion's
ood needs.
In ligh o he abo e, he ollowing p ojec implemen a ion s ages a e p oposed:
In he i s s age, dis ic s and egions whe e he p oposed me hod can be implemen ed a e
iden i ied, he mos e ec i e ones a e iden i ied, and expe imen al si es a e de e mined. Clima e
da a is collec ed and analyzed om a me eo ological s a ion loca ed nea he expe imen al si e.
The economic impac o he ee species/c ops plan ed on he si e is de e mined aking in o accoun
wa e consump ion.
The impac o selec ed wa e -sa ing i iga ion echnologies (p ima ily subsu ace, d ip,
and sp inkle i iga ion) on ee oo zone mois u e and land eclama ion is measu ed and analyzed.
The p ojec is planned o be implemen ed h ough in e na ional g an s, esea ch p ojec s, and o he
sou ces.
REFERENCES
1. www.gaze a.uz. Sha ka Mi ziyoye s a ed ha he egion will ace a se ious wa e sho age
by 2040. h ps://www.gaze a.uz/oz/2025/04/04/su /
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025
ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ
226
2. www.ag o.uz. How o use wa e in ag icul u e? h ps://www.ag o.uz/11-04451/
3. Wikipedia, The F ee Encyclopedia, Banaue Rice Te aces.
(h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Banaue_Rice_Te aces).
4. Wikipedia, The F ee Encyclopedia, H. O ley Beye .
(h ps/ u.wikipedia.o g/wiki/H._O ley_Beye )
5. Wikipedia, The F ee Encyclopedia. Rice Te aces o he Philippine Co dille as.
( u.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Rice_Te aces_o _ he_Philippine_Co dille as#ci e_no e-
Acabado_2009-11)
6. Wikipedia, The F ee Encyclopedia. P ecipi a ion
h ps://uz.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Yog%CA%BBinla
7. Na ional Encyclopedia o Uzbekis an. Tashken . 2001. Le e Yo, p. 18.
8. h ps://www.uza.uz. Ko al - a use ul and medicinal plan . (h ps://uza.uz/oz/pos s/ko ul-
se da omad-shi obakhsh-osimlik_526452)
9. www.asienda. u. E ening p im ose (Oensil biennis). (h ps://www.asienda. u/plan s/oslinnik-
d ule nij/)
