e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN:2961-6042
A ailable online on h p://www.ijcp .com/
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch 2025; 17(8); 787-790
Pal e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
787
O iginal Resea ch A icle
Mo phome ic S udy o Uppe End o Tibia and i s Clinical Impo ance in
Wes Bengal Popula ion
Madhush ee Pal1, Nabani a Chak abo y2, Anku Bha acha jee3, Dona Saha4
1Assis an P o esso , Depa men o Ana omy, Ba asa Go e nmen Medical College, No h 24 Pa ganas,
Wes Bengal, 700124
2Associa e P o esso , Depa men o Ana omy, Jaganna h Gup a Ins i u e o Medical Sciences & Hospi al,
Kolka a, Wes Bengal 700137
3Assis an P o esso , Depa men o Ana omy, Jaganna h Gup a Ins i u e o Medical Sciences & Hospi al,
Kolka a, Wes Bengal 700137.
4Associa e P o esso , Ba asa Go e nmen Medical College, No h 24 Pa ganas, Wes Bengal
Recei ed: 01-06-2025 / Re ised: 16-07-2025 / Accep ed: 09-08-2025
Co esponding Au ho : D . Dona Saha
Con lic o in e es : Nil
Abs ac
In oduc ion: The knee join is a compound syno ial join . Uppe end o ibia is an impo an componen o
knee join . Hence he knowledge ega ding he mo phome y o he a icula su ace o he ibial condyles as
well as in e condyla a ea is u mos necessa y o o mula e a baseline da a o u u e s udies and o compa e he
cu en da a wi h p e ious li e a u e.
Aims and Objec i es: This s udy measu es he uppe end o he ibia in he Wes Bengal popula ion o p o ide
accu a e ana omical da a. I also compa es hese measu emen s wi h exis ing knee p os heses used in o al knee
eplacemen o assess hei sui abili y and guide be e p os hesis design.
Ma e ials and Me hods: The s udy has been ca ied ou on 50 d y adul ibia o unknown sex in he depa men
o Ana omy in a e ia y ca e hospi al o Wes Bengal. Measu emen s we e aken by using he digi al Ve nie ’s
calipe and s a is ical analysis has been done.
Resul s: I was obse ed ha he mean An e o-pos e io and T ans e se diame e o Medial Tibial Condyle
(MTC) a e mo e han An e o-pos e io and T ans e se diame e o La e al Tibial Condyle (LTC). The mean o
ans e se diame e o o al condyla a ea is g ea e han ha o An e o-pos e io diame e o o al condyla a ea.
Conclusion: The p esen s udy is o deli e a baseline da a consis ing o mo phome ic de ails o uppe end o
ibia which will help o knee a h oplas y p ocedu e.
Keywo ds: Knee p os hesis, Tibial Condyles, In e condyla a ea.
This is an Open Access a icle ha uses a unding model which does no cha ge eade s o hei ins i u ions o access and dis ibu ed unde
he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0) and he Budapes Open Access
Ini ia i e (h p://www.budapes openaccessini ia i e.o g/ ead), which pe mi un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium,
p o ided o iginal wo k is p ope ly c edi ed.
In oduc ion
Femo o- ibial a icula ion o knee join is
esponsible o body weigh ansmission o human
beings. Os eoa h i is is he main cause o o al
knee eplacemen . So, due o be e ou come o
o hopedic ope a ion, de ailed da a o
mo phome ic pa ame e s o lowe end o emu
and uppe end o ibia is needed. Ree i R e al
ound in he s udy ha an e o-pos e io diame e
was mo e han he ans e se diame e s o ibial
condyles.[1]
Ahmed N e al done co ela ion be ween an e o-
pos e io diame e o in e condyla a ea o igh
and le ibia in his s udy.[2] F ela MA ound he
p ena al o igin o popula ion di e ences in he
c u al index indica es a gene ic de e mina ion o
hese di e ences whe eas limb leng h and ela i e
epiphyseal wid h likely a e bo h gene ically and
en i onmen ally de e mined.[3]
Ma e ials and Me hods
Me hodology: A e app o al om ins i u ional
e hical commi ee, he s udy was ini ia ed.
Following mo phome ic pa ame e s was no ed
using digi al e nie calipe on 50 adul human d y
ibia: T ans e se and an e opos e io diame e s o
he condyles, T ans e se and an e opos e io
diame e s o he in e condyla a ea o uppe end o
ibia.
S udy Design: Desc ip i e c oss-sec ional
mo phome ic s udy.
Place o s udy: Ba asa Go e nmen Medical
College.
Pe iod o s udy: 1 Yea .
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Pal e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
788
Figu e 1:
Resul
Table 1: AP and TR o MTC, LTC and TCA o Tibial uppe end (n=50)
MTC
LTC
To al Condyla A ea
AP
TR
AP
TR
AP
TR
Mean
41.9
28.5
36.6
29.3
42.7
66.1
S anda d De
3.9069
2.2278
4.8608
3.8525
3.997
5.357
S anda d e o
1.1103
0.6331
1.3814
1.0949
1.1359
1.5224
Table 2: Compa a i e Analysis o Mean Condyla Measu emen s (in mm) Ac oss Di e en S udies
MTC
LTC
To al Condyla A ea
Mean
AP
TR
AP
TR
AP
TR
Ou S udy
41.9
28.5
36.6
29.3
42.7
66.1
Ahmad N e al
40.19
28.38
36.41
27.9
42.52
66.33
Gup a C e al
44.5
27.3
40.7
27.9
45.7
68.3
Mukhia R e al
46.38
28.79
39.14
27.86
-
-
Mu limanju BV e al
39.8
26.7
33.6
26.1
-
-
Babacan S e al
42.61
32.07
37.14
31.69
45.98
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Pal e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
789
Figu e 2:
Figu e 3:
Analysis e ealed ha an e io -pos e io diame e s
(APDs) o medial and la e al condyle we e
41.91±3.91 and 36.57±4.86 (mean±sd) wi h anges
o 13.5 and 14.5 mm, espec i ely.
Respec i e ans e se diame e s (TD) we e
es ima ed o be 28.47± 2.23 and 29.28±3.85
(mean±sd) along wi h hei anges o 8.5 and 14.2
mm, espec i ely. APD and TD o o al condyla
a ea (TCA) we e es ima ed as 42.73±3.99 and
66.09±5.36 (mean±sd) wi h anges o 12.8 and 18.7
mm, espec i ely. APDs we e ound signi ican ly
la ge han TDs in bo h condyles
(Independen ‘ ’=21.131 & 8.307 wi h P alues o
0.000 in bo h cases a d =98). Howe e , in TCA,
he TD was ound o be signi ican ly la ge han
APD (Independen ‘ ’=24.722 wi h P alues o 0.000
a d =98).
Discussion
Ree i R e al [1] conduc ed hei s udy on 50 adul
ibia (25 o igh side and 25 o le side) and ound
ha he measu emen s we e mo e on he igh side,
bu he di e ence was s a is ically insigni ican . I
was ound ha an e o-pos e io diame e was mo e
han ans e se diame e in case o medial condyle
on bo h he sides. An e o-pos e io diame e o he
in e condyla a ea was mo e on he le side, bu he
di e ence was s a is ically insigni ican . Ahmad N
e al [2] pe o med his s udy on 60 adul ibia o
bo h sides ( igh 34, le 26) and ound ha he
mean AP diame e o he medial condyle was mo e
o igh side han le while he ans e se diame e
was mo e o le side han igh . In his s udy,
F ela MA e al [3] ound ha A icans and
Eu opeans ha e a e y simila a e age leng h and
a e age shape o mul i a ia e analysis o uppe end
o ibia un il abou 10 yea s o age. Du ing
adolescence A icans ha e a highe g ow h a e
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Pal e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
790
leading o longe adul bones wi h na owe
epiphysis ela i e o he diaphysis. As pe Bhado ia
P e al [4], mean AP and ans e se diame e s o
MTC a e mo e han LTC. In ou s udy we also
ound g ea e AP and ans e se diame e s in case
o MTC han LTC.
Chai a D e al [5] epo ed ha he con en ional
p os hesis a ailable in he ma ke a e designed o
he Caucasians. When compa ed o he Caucasians,
sou h Indian popula ion ha e smalle ana omical
measu emen s. In his s udy, Khu shid N e al [6]
p o ided a baseline da a pe aining o
mo phome ic de ails o uppe end i ibia in Indian
popula ion. As pe Gup a C e al [7], he e was
s a is ically signi ican ela ion be ween igh and
le AP diame e o medial condyle, ans e se
diame e o la e al condyle and a ea o he la e al
condyle as P alue was 0.045, 0.001 and 0.046.
Howe e , he e was no signi ican ela ion wi h
o he pa ame e s o igh and le side as P > 0.05.
As pe Gandhi S e al [8], on compa ing he wo
condyles, bo h an e opos e io and ans e se
measu emen s we e g ea e in medial condyle o
bo h sides. In his s udy, Mukhia R e al [9] ound
ha he a ia ion in he mo phome y o
an e opos e io measu emen s o in e condyla
a ea, mediola e al leng h and ci cum e ence o
uppe end o ibia in wo sides seems o be
s a is ically signi ican (p<0.05). I is also same o
he s udy o Anu ag SG e al [10]. As pe
Mu limanju e al [11] o bo h leng h and b ead h,
he dimensions we e s a is ically lowe o he
la e al ibial condyle han medial. In hei s udy,
Babacan S e al [12] conclude ha o accomplish
designing he knee p os hesis, basis o di e ences
be ween medial and la e al condyles o be
conside ed.
Conclusion
The p esen mo phome ic s udy o he uppe end
o he ibia in he Wes Bengal popula ion p o ides
aluable insigh s in o he ana omical dimensions o
he medial and la e al ibial condyles, pa icula ly
hei an e opos e io (AP) and ans e se (TR)
measu emen s. Ou indings a e la gely consis en
wi h p e ious s udies conduc ed in di e se
popula ions, hough mino a ia ions we e no ed,
likely e lec ing egional and e hnic di e ences.
Unde s anding hese mo phome ic pa ame e s is
c ucial o o hopedic su geons, especially in
p ocedu es such as o al knee a h oplas y, ac u e
ixa ion, and he design o p os he ic implan s.
Accu a e knowledge o local ana omical
dimensions helps imp o e su gical ou comes,
ensu es be e implan i , and educes
pos ope a i e complica ions. The e o e, he da a
de i ed om his s udy holds signi ican clinical
impo ance and may se e as a e e ence o u u e
ana omical and o hopedic esea ch in he Eas e n
Indian popula ion.
Re e ences
1. Ree i R, Akh a MJ, Kuma B, Sinha RR,
Kuma A. Mo phome ic s udy o uppe end o
ibia and i s implica ions in o al knee
eplacemen . Indian Jou nal o Clinical
Ana omy and Physiology. 2021;8(3):213-8.
2. Ahmad N, Singh D, Dubey A, Je hani SL.
Mo phome ic analysis o p oximal end o he
ibia. Na ional Jou nal o Clinical Ana omy.
2019 Ap 1;8(2):82-6.
3. F ela MA, Mi e eocke P. Pos na al on ogeny
o ibia and emu o m in wo human
popula ions: a mul i a ia e mo phome ic
analysis. Ame ican Jou nal o Human Biology.
2011 No ;23(6):796-804.
4. Bhado ia P. Mo phome ic s udy o p oximal
end o ibia and i s clinical implica ions in
No h Indian popula ion. Jou nal o he
Ana omical Socie y o India. 2017 Aug
1;66:S49.
5. Chai a D, Pai D, Ra hnaka P, Remya K.
Mo phome ic S udy o Uppe End o Tibia in
Dakshina Kannada Popula ion. Jou nal o
E olu ion o Medical and Den al Sciences.
2020 Ap 13;9(15):1252-6.
6. Khu shid N, A za R. Mo phome ic s udy o
uppe end o ibia: A s udy done a SKIMS
medical college S inaga .
7. Gup a C, Kuma J, Kal hu SG. A
mo phome ic s udy o he p oximal end o he
ibia in Sou h Indian popula ion wi h i s
clinical implica ions. Saudi Jou nal o Spo s
Medicine. 2015 May 1;15(2):166-9.
8. Gandhi S, Singla RK, Kulla JS, Su i RK,
Meh a V. Mo phome ic analysis o uppe end
o ibia. Jou nal o clinical and diagnos ic
esea ch: JCDR. 2014 Aug;8(8):AC10.
9. Mukhia R, Waheka K. The uppe end o ibia
o Nepalese adul s: a mo phome ic s udy.
Jou nal o Heal h and Allied Sciences. 2020
Oc 16;10(2):78-81.
10. Anu ag SG. MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF
THE PROXIMAL END OF TIBIA. In J Acad
Med Pha m. 2023;5(3):1736-8.
11. Mu limanju BV, Pu usho hama C, S i as a a
A, Kuma CG, K ishnamu hy A, Blossom V,
P abhu LV, Sa alaya VV, Pai MM.
Ana omical mo phome y o he ibial pla eau
in Sou h Indian popula ion. I alian Jou nal o
Ana omy and Emb yology. 2016:258-64.
12. Babacan S, Ka a İM. Mo phome ic Analysis
o Tibial Pla eau o Knee A h oplas y and
P os hesis Design: Mo phome ic Analysis o
Tibial Pla eau. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en
Medical and Biological Sciences. 2022 Ma
14;2(1):57-63.
