C edi : ESA/He schel 160 µm, 250/350 µm, 500 µm
Yancy Shi ley
Uni . o A izona
How do s a less co es e ol e wi hin ilamen s ?
C edi : He schel Gould Bel Team
Image C edi : J. Ki k (modi ica ions by V. Kony es)
A izona Gould Bel S a less Co e Su eys
Galloway-Sp ie sma e al. 2022
NH2D
Scibelli e al. 2024
iCOMs
Seo e al. 2015, 2019
NH3, CCS, HCN, HCO+,HC7N
Scibelli e al. 2020, 2021, 2023
iCOMs, 3D Dus models
Amb ose e al. 2021
CH2DOH
And as-Le ano szky e al. in p ep.
HDCO, D2CO, CH2DOH, CH3OD
G ube e al. in p ep.
N2D+, NH2D, DNC
Ha ison e al. in p ep.
HCN Blue/Red asymme y mapping
S e es e al. in p ep.
CH2DOH, oNH2D, iCOMs
Chemical Inhe i ance F om S a less Phase
S e es e al. in p ep. upda e o igu e in D ozdo skaya e al. 2021
S a less Co e Low-mass P o os a Come
P elimina y < ½ o
sample obse ed
o da e
C edi : He schel Gould Bel Team
160 µm, 250/350 µm, 500 µm
C edi : NH3Seo e al. 2015; 1.2mm Scibelli e al. 2023
B10 – A S a less Co e E olu ion “Labo a o y”
NH3
1.2mm
Dozen s a less co es wi h no embedded
p o os a s (1 Class II nea by) spanning ~0.3pc
Bayesian NH3 mul i-componen e-analysis
S oboda in p ep.; S e es e al. in p ep.
Nes Fi : De e mines he numbe o eloci y componen s
and es ima e hei model pa ame e s using Bayes
ac o s compu ed wi h Nes ed Sampling Mon e Ca lo
Maximum Likelihood LSR
3D Dus Con inuum Modeling
Scibelli e al. 2023
•106 + model Plumme Sphe oids
• Simul aneously ma ch mm in ensi y p o iles and SED
• Vi ial analysis uses n( ,q, )
Radius (AU)
Densi y (cm-3)
Dus Tempe a u e (K)
Scibelli e al. 2023
S a less Co e Vi ial Balance
2
W
KE =
W
G a +
W
Ex P + WDm+ WRad
Suppo e ms Comp ession e ms
Kine ic Ene gy
G a . Po . Ene gy + Ex e nal P essu e
Unbound
Bound
Chapman e al. 2011; Planck+ 2016; Wa d-Thompson e al 2023; Scibelli e al. 2023
BUT Wha is Magne ic Field Con ibi ion?
2WKE +
W
Mag = WG a + WEx P + WDm+ WRad
Suppo e ms Comp ession e ms
Kine ic Ene gy
G a . Po . Ene gy + Ex e nal P essu e
DBe ~ 15 µG
DBe = (Bi2– Bo2)1/2
We don’ ha e accu a e maps
o B ield s eng h
Bsky ~ 13 -75 µGdepending on me hod
Submm Pol.Op ical/NIR Pol.
B10 Deu e a ion Su ey o O ganic Molecules
And as-Le ano szky e al. in p ep.; Scibelli e al. 2020; Amb ose e al. 2021
•o/pH2CO
•HDCO
• 20,2 – 10,1 129 GHz
• 21,1 – 10,1 134 GHz
•pD2CO
• 21,2 – 11,1 110 GHz
•CH3OH-A/E
•CH2DOH
• 20,2 e0– 10,1 e0 89 GHz
HDCO & D2CO ace s eame impac ing disk
Podio e al. 2024
100% De ec ion Ra e
HDCO D2CO
H2CO
Ex as Slides
Eule ian De i a ion: McKee & Zweibel 1992; K umholz 2017
Vi ial Theo em
½ d2I/d 2 = 2WK+ WB–WG–2WP–WDm-W ad
WK= In e nal Kine ic Ene gy = ½ M (s 2)3D
WG= G a . Po en ial Ene gy = ⅗a GM2/R
WP= Ex e nal Su ace P essu e = 4 pR3P0
Tu bulen
P0= 0s 2
WDm= ½ d/d ∫ 0 2 i dSi2 R2d2M/d 2
simple app ox.
I mass lowing ac oss bounda y can ge : (1) am p essu e P0and (2) WD
WB= ∫xiTij dSj-∫dij Tij dV ⅙(B2– B02) R3
simple app ox.
WB= Magne ic Ene gy ( e y di icul o measu e)
Suppo e ms
Comp ession e ms
Sea ch o Co e In all
Seo e al. 2019
HCN 1-0 F=2-1
HCO+1-0
•In all signa u es a e (only 2/33 Tau us s a less co es)
• Doesn’ necessa ily mean co es a en’ collapsing –
could be exci a ion
Deu e ium F ac iona ion in S a less Co es
Zaho ecz e al. 2017
Gas-phase deu e a ion:
H3
++ HD ↔H2D++ H2+ [232K]
H2D++ H2CO → H2DCO+ + H2
H2DCO+ + e-→ HDCO
G ain su ace deu e a ion:
Hyd ogena ion o CO ice
CO +H/D →HCO /DCO
+H/D →H2CO /HDCO
+H/D →CH3O / CH2DO
+H/D →CH3OH /CH2DOH
Sipilä+19
Gas phase bo leneck @ 10K o
CH3OH o ma ion (Geppe + 2006)
Non- he mal deso p ion (3)
NH2D Chemical Model Compa ison
Galloway-Sp ie sma e al. 2022
oNH2D su ey o s a less co es in L1251
[oNH2D]/[pNH3]
