PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED A CRISIS (THEORY AND PRACTICE)

Journal of science. Lyon №70/2025 18 PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED A CRISIS (THEORY AND PRACTICE) Aliyev R. 6th year student Tbilisi State Medical University (Address: 33 Vazha Pshavela Ave, Tbilisi, Georgia) https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5536-6696 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17256213 Abstract A crisis may manifest on the inside as well as the outside. Emotionally, a person may feel unstable, trapped, or as like they've lost something significant, which frequently results in observable behavioral changes. When faced with challenging circumstances, these responses are quite normal. However, it is also possible for a crisis to become a turning point, an opportunity to learn, grow, and find new abilities. To overcome it, you must accept the situation as it is, allow yourself time to absorb your Keywords: Psychology, man, crisis, emotions, feeling, confusion, experiences, reactions, circumstances, person, situation, specialist, solutions. The psychological literature states that taking responsibility for one's inner turmoil is a symptom and criterion of a successful crisis recovery (this is my general opinion based on a vast number of papers I've read, so it's impossible to offer a specific reference). I'll make an effort to explain what the articles mean by taking accountability. "I'm to blame for feeling so bad or for this happening to me" is not the point of this obligation. It involves carefully considering "why exactly did I get here and what I plan to do about it." This implies that instead of understanding it in the mainstream meaning of "responsibility," we should think of it as "something happening in my psychological universe and on my own territory" [4;5]. That implies that it is not a societal obligation. It also does not assume all the actions required to resolve the global situation. A comparable term in English is "agency," which denotes "appropriation." So, even if I may not be to blame for my terrible mood, I still contribute to it. I'm not feeling horrible about "my contribution" because of myself. For instance, it indicates that my underlying weaknesses have come together to cause me to feel negative. It's my bad luck, not my fault. It's my area, too. I may thus take action if I am able to [5]. In our culture, this is always very difficult to explain. We're raised to think that the word "responsibility" automatically means "what exactly you yourself are to blame for." Therefore, the word itself has a negative, harsh connotation in Russian. And for people who have suffered from something (not even necessarily a crisis), it can be very painful to hear about responsibility for their internal woes and their contribution to the situation. They immediately hear it as an accusation and an attempt to blame them for their own misfortune. It's better to replace the word "responsibility" with other words, such as "increased subjectivity," "authorship," and so on. In one way or another, whatever awful occurs, it occurs on our land, and we are ultimately responsible for handling the fallout, new information, and our own emotions. For instance, I most likely have a cause for my anxiety. It will be my duty to admit that I'm worried (not to remark, "I'm being upset by mean people; they're such jerks") and to decide if I want or can take action to address my worry. Perhaps I should add something to my life to help me feel less anxious. Maybe I can't, I don't want to, and I won't do anything. Instead, I'll wait and hope the worry goes away on its own. This also has to do with accountability. Responsibility isn't frightening, to put it briefly. It's not about guilt; rather, it's about power and doing the best I can under the circumstances. If you do not view responsibility as only an accusation and an intolerable burden, then having power and control may be really beneficial. "Since I'm involved in this, since it's on my territory and I get to decide what to do, then I have a huge number of opportunities to change it," is a positive statement at times. Since I was somehow involved in this, even if unintentionally, I may uncover different answers by going back and examining the same routes and dynamics. These days, stress and the fast pace of life have a big effect on the mind, which can lead to a crisis very quickly. The term "crisis" comes from the Greek word "kreses," which translates as "dividing lines" or "turning point." A psychological crisis is a turning point when familiar mechanisms stop working. It can begin at birth and persist throughout life. For adults, it is often associated with the recognition of unfulfilled desires and hidden problems. If areas such as relationships, work, health, finances, and family are unbalancedthat is, if A psychological crisis is unavoidable for some people while dominating others [2;4]. Every everyone, whether they want it or not, will experience a crisis at some point in their lives. A person's entire life undergoes fundamental change during a crisis on all levels: affective (the capacity to persevere through adversity while retaining integrity), behavioral (the requirement to establish new behavioral patterns that were previously unknown), and meaning-forming Journal of science. Lyon №70/2025 19 or cognitive (such as the introduction of new life values or a new hierarchy of values). In terms of psychology, a crisis necessitates focus and the use of all available tools to overcome the obstacles life throws at you (G. Peri, 1995). The experiences of a person associated with a crisis situation are described similarly by various authors. The social context of personal development changes, leading to a shift in the roles a person must play, the circle of people involved in interactions with them changes, new problems arise for the individual, they are forced to consider alternative solutions, and their lifestyle changes. This leads to changes in the image of the person's "I" (T.B. Kartseva, 1989), the loss of the old and the acquisition of a new identity (E. Erikson, 1968), the restructuring of personal meanings (E.S. Mazur, 1983, I.N. Mikheeva, 1991), defense mechanisms are connected and have a significant impact on the state of the individual (B.V. Zeigarnik, 1981), the individual carries out internal work on meaning generation (F.E. Vasilyuk, 1995), sorting of values and the choice of life strategy and modes of behavior (L.I. Antsyferova, 1990). In moments of crisis, life changes in four main dimensions: the internal sense of oneself in the world; a sense of security; the passage of time, its subjective characteristics (in a crisis situation, time either "stops" or there is an acute shortage of time); physical condition – decline of all functions and increase in anxiety (I.G. Malkina-Pykh, 2008) [1;3;7]. High levels of stress and uncertainty are always present during a crisis, leading to tension and anxiety. While it opens the door to a new, unknown stage, it can also represent the loss of a familiar way of life. Knowing how to deal is crucial, even though some people handle it more readily than others. When we discuss age crises, we are referring to a transition from one developmental stage to another. In current times, traditional values and established norms are losing their significance. At one year, three, and seven years old, the first crisis happens. Adult assistance is still necessary for the child's security and selfassurance. Complexes may arise if parents lecture their children and enforce more rigid rules in the home rather than offering assistance. The majority of the time, these issues go away on their own when school adaptation is over; infrequently, specialized help is needed. Maximum emphasis is given to comprehending and resolving early crises since the psyche is formed throughout childhood and physiological processes often alter as a result of growth [2;8]. Adolescents often experience feelings of misunderstanding among those around them; relationships reveal their own qualities and define important values. During adolescence, people search for their place in life and develop a desire to realize their potential [1;3]. A crisis goes through several key phases: The shock phase: the person is unable and unwilling to understand, accept, or comprehend what has happened. The powerlessness phase: Characterized by alternating anger, irritation, and bouts of apathy. The person sinks into a state of helplessness and weakness, feeling powerless to change what has happened. They understand that the natural processes of death cannot be influenced. The suffering phase: Pain becomes a signal of the significance of the loss, as suffering occurs only over something truly precious. It is a reminder of the significance of the departed person or lost object, emphasizing the importance of restoring inner balance. Phase of integration: The crisis is assimilated into life. The experience is turned into a means of personal development, and past occurrences are recognized and acknowledged as a component of the biography. The individual continues to live while remembering people who were close to them with thankfulness and a cheerful melancholy [2;4;6]. Providing protection, support, and help with everyday tasks, as well as counseling and psychotherapy to regain emotional stability and discover new purpose, are all examples of psychological support during a crisis. Being there, listening without passing judgment, connecting the person with resources and loved ones, and boosting their self-esteem and coping skills are all crucial [6]. Conclusion: In a crisis, two types of psychological assistance are available: crisis counseling and crisis psychotherapy. Crisis counseling is performed when the transformations are under the individual's control and they are able to cope with them independently. Crisis counseling is typically short-term and most often relies on information-based tactics. However, if negative changes become long-term and protracted and beyond the individual's control, professional psychotherapeutic assistance is needed. In contrast to counseling, crisis psychotherapy lasts longer and include working with the patient while monitoring their psychological state during sessions. Examining the evolving connection between the client (patient) and the psychotherapist while considering its dynamics is a key component of crisis psychotherapy. Recognize the truth. You may think about how unjust this is and how you shouldn't be experiencing this for as long as you want, but it won't make things better. Don't waste your time thinking about justice right now.Avoid negative predictions. Instead, take action based on the resources available to you. Overthinking the future can burn you out before you even take action. Seek support. Don't be afraid to ask for help. Talk to friends or family about the issues that are troubling you. Sharing your concerns will not only provide support but also help you gain helpful advice. Take care of your appearance. Instead of wallowing in despair, make time for walks, eat a healthy diet, and maintain personal hygiene. Taking care of your body helps you maintain your strength, which, in turn, can support you in finding a solution. Ask yourself what advice you would give to a friend. This method will help you clear your head of unnecessary emotions and focus on solutions. Establish your priorities. For a while, set aside pointless hobbies and duties so that you may devote all of your energy to resolving the current issue. Put your Journal of science. Lyon №70/2025 20 thoughts and actions on writing so that when stress strikes, you don't forget crucial choices. Give yourself permission to show your feelings. In a challenging circumstance, you can schedule time for your emotions, but it's doubtful that you'll be able to totally suppress them. Feel free to cry or express your emotions, but do so quickly. This method will assist you in distinguishing between times when you must take action and times when you may let go of your emotions.Take baby steps at first. Start with one modest action and work your way up to the next; don't try to fix everything at once. Allow time for positive feelings. Your resources will be restored, allowing you to resume your regular lifestyle. You will gradually regain the strength to proceed with your solution. The idea that every individual has unrealized psychological potential is one of the core tenets. Making ensuring the client has access to these resources is the main responsibility of the therapist and counselor. Enabling the survivor to take charge of their behavior, health, and self-responsibility is the fundamental goal of psychological support in post-traumatic settings. References: 1. Духновский С.В. Влияние переживания критических ситуаций на развитие девиантного поведения подростков. Канд…псих. наук., Казань, 2002, 187 с. 2. Калшед Д. 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