175
Volume 5, Issue 10: Special Issue
(EJAR)
ISSN: 2181-2020
MPHAPP
THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL
CONFERENCE “MODERN PHARMACEUTICS: ACTUAL
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS”
TASHKENT, OCTOBER 17, 2025
in-academy.uz
UROLITHIASIS UROLITHIAS CLASSIFICATION – TYPES AND COMPOSITION
OF STONES IN UROLITHIAS DISEASE
Eshmu ado a F.O'.
Suyuno N. D.
Tashken Pha maceu ical Ins i u e, Tashken ci y, Republic o Uzbekis an
e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17332485
Rele ance: u oli hiasis a e common ype o u ological disease, accoun ing o app oxima ely
12% o he popula ion. The inc easing incidence o he disease is associa ed wi h isks such as ch onic
kidney disease and end-s age enal ailu e. The li e a u e p o ides a classi ica ion o s ones based on
he chemical composi ion, ypes o s ones, e iology, and isk ac o s. Acco ding o he Wo ld Heal h
O ganiza ion, s ones a e classi ied acco ding o hei composi ion as ollows: calcium-based s ones
(75–85% oxala e o phospha e), u ic acid s ones (5–10%), s u i e s ones (5–15%, associa ed wi h
in ec ion) and cys eine s ones (1–2%). U oli hiasis is he o ma ion o s ones o a ious sizes in he
u ina y ac due o he deposi ion o chemical subs ances due o me abolic diso de s. The ecu ence
a e o u oli hiasis is up o 50% e e y 5 yea s.
Objec i e o he s udy: o s udy he classi ica ion o u oli hiasis, s one ypes and chemical
composi ion.
Ma e ials and me hods: he s udy used me hods ela ed o u oli hiasis in he wo ld and he
Republic o Uzbekis an, s a is ical da a, li e a u e, e ospec i e clinical, and compa a i e analysis
me hods.
Resul s: he classi ica ion o u oli hiasis, i.e. u ina y s one disease, is usually based on he
chemical composi ion o he s ones, which de e mines he e iology, isk ac o s and ea men
s a egies. Based on he Global Bu den o Disease s udies conduc ed by he Wo ld Heal h
O ganiza ion and i s pa ne s, he global p e alence o he disease was s udied in 204 coun ies, and
he age-s anda dized incidence a e dec eased by 17.5% (14.7–20.0) in 1990-2019, bu an inc ease is
obse ed in ho egions due o clima e change and en i onmen al ac o s. In Uzbekis an, Cen al
Asian coun ies, en i onmen al ac o s (d y clima e, wa e salini y, a sha p dec ease in he A al Sea)
can inc ease he p e alence o he disease om 4–5% o 7–8%, which leads o dehyd a ion and
inc eased mine aliza ion.
Summa y li e a u e acco ding o he analysis, i was ound ha he classi ica ion o u oli hiasis,
he ypes and composi ion o s ones in u oli hiasis a e di e en in di e en s a es, coun ies, and
egions. Based on his analysis, we will s udy he dis ibu ion and epidemiology o u oli hiasis in
di e en egions.
Table
Used li e a u e
Type
P e alenc
e
Common
Causes/Risk Fac o s
Fo ma ion
Mechanism
Managemen No es
Calcium
(oxala e/pho
spha e)
70–80
pe cen
Hype calciu ia,
hype oxalu ia,
obesi y, me abolic
synd ome
Supe sa u a ion
on Randall's
plaques
Hyd a ion, die ;
li ho ipsy/URS o
la ge s ones
U ic acid
8–10
pe cen
High-pu ine die ,
gou , acidic u ine
F ee-pa icles
in ubules
Alkaliniza ion,
allopu inol
176
Volume 5, Issue 10: Special Issue
(EJAR)
ISSN: 2181-2020
MPHAPP
THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL
CONFERENCE “MODERN PHARMACEUTICS: ACTUAL
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS”
TASHKENT, OCTOBER 17, 2025
in-academy.uz
S u i e
7–15
pe cen
Bac e ial in ec ions
(u ease p oduce s)
Alkaline u ine
p ecipi a ion
An ibio ics, su gical
emo al
In he end
1–2
pe cen
Gene ic (Cys inu ia)
Amino acid
eabso p ion
de ec
Fluid in ake, chela o s
like iop onin
Causes and Risk Fac o s
Fo ma ion in ol es u ine supe sa u a ion, nuclea ion, g ow h, agg ega ion, and e en ion,
in luenced by c ys alliza ion p omo e s/inhibi o s and cellula inju y. Gene al isks: dehyd a ion,
high-sodium/p o ein die s, gene ics, ho clima es. Type-speci ic: monogene ic o cys eine, o he s (4
pe cen o adul s). Oxida i e s ess and os eogenesis ac o s may con ibu e.
Conclusions: u oli hiasis is a mul i ace ed pa hology ha occu s as a esul o complex
e iological ac o s. I s classi ica ion and iden i ica ion o causes a e impo an in clinical p ac ice and
se e as he basis o de eloping indi idualized ea men and e ec i e p e en i e measu es. S udies
conduc ed in ecen yea s show ha he me abolic and gene ic aspec s o u oli hiasis equi e a deepe
s udy. Also, he o ma ion o a heal hy li es yle and die a y habi s is impo an in p e en ing he
disease.
