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METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF
PAINTINGS (WORKSHOP) SPECIALISTS
A liyakulo a Na isa Muza a o na
Senio lec u e a Bukha a S a e Uni e si y.
phone: +998973031400 na isaa liyakulo [email protected]
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17334658
D awing is he leading special discipline in he p ocess o educa ing an a is - eache .
Ou ideas and associa i e emo ions a e closely connec ed wi h he objec i e wo ld, wi h
i s ex e nal and in e nal p ope ies. Di ec eliance on isual expe ience and e lec ion is he mos
impo an ea u e o a is ic pe cep ion. The speci ici y o ealis ic d awing lies in he ac ha
eal eali y is aken as he basis o c ea i i y, and he ans e o he a is 's hough s and eelings
is ca ied ou in a igu a i e o m h ough he image o speci ic objec s. The So ie School o
Fine A s de ines he s udy o ealis ic d awing in a educa ion as he mos impo an ac o no
only o a p ac ical na u e, bu also o ideological signi icance.
D awing aining is associa ed wi h he de elopmen o s uden s' abili y o u h ully
depic isible o ms in a eal en i onmen . I no only gi es hem p o essional li e acy, bu is also
a powe ul means o aes he ic de elopmen .
The acquisi ion o mas e y in d awing is based on a consis en and ca e ul s udy o
na u e.
Lo e o na u e, sub le obse a ion, he desi e o co ec ly con ey he na u e o aluable
quali ies ha need o be de eloped by e e yone engaged in he isual a s.
The s udy o pa e n pa e ns is necessa y o a p o essional ealis ic depic ion o na u e.
D awing is he basis ha o ms he abili y o ealis ically display he su ounding eali y
by isual means. O g ea impo ance o he u u e eache is no only he p ac ical mas e y o
d awing, bu also he de elopmen o i s heo e ical ounda ions. Ha ing mas e ed he basics o
ealis ic d awing, he s uden can use his knowledge in bo h pedagogical and c ea i e wo k in he
ield o plas ic a s. All he educa ional wo k on d awing is inex icably linked wi h he p ac ical
applica ion o he pe spec i e o plas ic ana omy o he laws o chia oscu o dis ibu ion on he
olume ic o m. A he same ime, i is ecommended o s udy samples o classical he i age and
me hodological li e a u e on d awing.
D awing classes a e held a he acul y in combina ion wi h composi ion wo k and wi h
he s udy o pain ing. Educa ional d awings a e impo an as p epa a ion o c ea i e wo k.
Expe ience shows ha s uden s who ha e no done hei educa ional d awings
hough ully enough a e los when hey need o make ske ches om na u e o wo k on
composi ions. They ei he educe hem o cu so y schema ic ske ches, o app oach hem as
audi o y d awings, condemning hemsel es o ailu e in ad ance. Meanwhile, in such ske ches i
is necessa y o combine he gene al cons uc ion wi h he ans e o he mos cha ac e is ic
de ails, emembe ing ha hei conc e eness will en ich he composi ion. By means o d awing,
s uden s mainly de e mine he subjec s o hei ske ches and he cou se o pain ing.
In he p ocess o eaching d awing, s uden s acqui e he necessa y eache 's abili y o
d aw p o essionally compe en ly om sc a ch, om memo y and om p esen a ion, mas e
echnical skills. Wo king om na u e, s uden s de elop isual memo y and obse a ion, spa ial
hinking, lea n o see he ypical in he su ounding eali y. Teache s will ha e o de elop hese
quali ies in child en.
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In academic wo k, success depends on ca e ul and ho ough s udy o na u e, i s s uc u e,
p opo ions, he shape o indi idual pa s and hei in e ela ionships. To s udy na u e does no
mean o con ey e e y hing in he d awing o he smalles de ail, one mus be able o selec he
main, he mos cha ac e is ic and gene alize he seconda y de ails. You should d aw om na u e
egula ly and as much as possible. This de elops he eye, helps o lea n he laws o ealis ic
image and mas e he echnique o d awing.
The a is needs no only knowledge o linea pe spec i e and plas ic ana omy, bu also
he abili y o apply hem in p ac ice. I is always necessa y o d aw consciously, se ing ce ain
asks o ou sel es, and no mechanically copying e e y hing ha we see, he d awing begins
wi h he placemen o he main objec s, achie ing p opo ionali y o all sizes among hemsel es
and in ela ion o he whole. Usually uni o m ma gins a e le on a piece o pape a ound he
educa ional d awing o he objec . The ini ial ma king is applied wi h ligh s okes, while
building he cen e lines o objec s and sligh ly ou lining he main shadows. S uden s lea n o
depic a h ee-dimensional shape on he plane o he shee : using pe spec i e and chia oscu o,
hey d aw h ee-dimensional bodies, and no condi ional "wi e" con ou s wi h subsequen
shading wi hou aking in o accoun he posi ion o he su aces o he objec in space.
A is s o en alk abou he abili y necessa y o hem o d aw he whole subjec a once,
meaning by his he obse ance o uni y, he subo dina ion o all pa s o he whole. Al hough he
pe son d awing a any gi en momen d aws a line on a ela i ely small piece o pape , he should
hink abou he en i e image, men ally ying o see a eady-made d awing on he shee . So, he
w i e , wo king ou he page o he s o y, hinks abou he con en o he wo k as a whole, abou
he sequence o e en s being p esen ed, and he ac o , p onouncing he wo ds o he ole,
emembe s his pa ne s and he de elopmen o he whole ac ion.
O g ea impo ance in he d awing is i s cons uc i e cons uc ion. We can imagine
combina ions o geome ic bodies as he basis o complex o ms, which helps o co ec ly
unde s and he pe spec i e con ac ions o na u e, i s h ee-dimensionali y. Jus as a ious
deco a ions and s ucco o namen s in a chi ec u e a e on he walls o a building wi h a clea
s uc u al s uc u e, so small de ails o na u e a e loca ed on he su aces o he la ge shape o he
depic ed objec . This abili y o be awa e o he placemen o la ge masses is impo an o he
p o essional mas e y o d awing. Jus as a musician " hinks wi h sounds", and an a chi ec , when
looking a a d awing, sees he spa ial placemen o buildings, so an a is should be able o " hink
wi h a h ee-dimensional o m. I is good o imagine no only wha is in he ield o iew o he
d awing, bu also in isible om his place, obscu ed pa s o objec s. When d awing, i is
necessa y o clea ly de ine how objec s a e placed in space, which a eas occupy in e ms o hei
base (on he plane whe e all he depic ed objec s o ull-scale s aging a e loca ed). I is necessa y
no o d aw, bu o build a na u e on a shee . I a he beginning o he wo k he a ios o la ge
masses a e de e mined, hen in he u u e hey g adually mo e o smalle ones. E en pu ing
small de ails on a long d awing, i is necessa y o con inue hei cons uc i e cons uc ion.
I is ecommended o lea n om g ea mas e s he abili y o con ey na u e, b oadly
gene alizing he o m, bu a he same ime emembe ha he pa h o gene aliza ion lies h ough
a lo ing and ca e ul s udy o de ails subo dina e o he whole.
I is impossible o compa e any de ail o he d awing only wi h he same de ail in kind.
This echnique o d awing, as hey say, "a close ange, gene a es nume ous e o s. I is
necessa y o compa e se e al p opo ional a ios o na u e wi h he same a ios in he d awing,
which has a di e en scale.
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Fo example, in a small d awing o he head, he size o he eye is de e mined in ela ion
o he wid h o he nose and he heigh o he o ehead, and hei scales a e p opo ionally
educed compa ed o he co esponding size o he eye, nose and o ehead in kind.
I mus be emembe ed ha educa ional d awings a e no an end in hemsel es, hey a e
impo an as a means o lea ning abou a and accumula ing expe ience o u he independen
a is ic and pedagogical ac i i y.
The d awing begins wi h a gene al ma kup, hen g adually e ine he de ails, bu so ha
he de ails do no c ea e excessi e a iega ion and do no p e en he a is om exp essing he
main hing in he wo k. A he end, ime is le o he inal gene aliza ion o he d awing. In he
p ocess o wo k, i is necessa y o ca e ully s udy na u e and li e ally e e y minu e, a e
applying e e y de ail, e e y one, conduc a ho ough sel -check.
I is necessa y o achie e an exhaus i e solu ion o he asks se in he d awings. The
numbe o hou s equi ed o each d awing is de e mined by bo h he complexi y and condi ions
o he p oduc ion, and he deg ee o eadiness o s uden s. I is e y impo an o be able o wo k
on one d awing o a long ime: his de elops he abili y o no ice a lo o he depic ed na u e. A
child who is asked o d aw a human ace will ou line a ci cle, pu do s ins ead o eyes and dashes
ins ead o nose and mou h, and will no be able o comple e his d awing, no ma e how much
ime he is gi en. The s uden who s a ed he aining cou se will gi e a mo e co ec and mo e
de ailed d awing, bu he will quickly exhaus his capabili ies. whe eas he mas e , when
pe o ming a long d awing, will wo k o a long ime, cla i ying he p opo ions and achie ing
sub le y in con eying he cha ac e o he depic ed.
In each ask, he s uden mus use all p e iously acqui ed skills and abili ies. The
p og am akes in o accoun ha hose en olled in he i s yea ha e some knowledge o d awing.
A he ins i u e, s uden s s udy mo e deeply he basics o ealis ic depic ion o na u e,
lea n wo king me hods.
Al eady a he beginning o he jou ney, e e y a is - eache should ealize ha he needs
o upda e and imp o e his knowledge and skills all his li e by d awing om na u e. Mo eo e ,
he mos in e es ing hing in his wo k is no in he selec ion o some unusual, pa icula ly
ascina ing models, bu in he g adual solu ion o mo e complex p oblems, in he consis en
de elopmen o he laws o he ules o d awing.
The d awing cu iculum p o ides o wo k on a a ie y o opics in he o de o g adual
inc ease o di icul ies. They begin aining wi h images o geome ic bodies, he simples
objec s, hen wo k on plas e o namen s, s ill li es, models o pa s o a pe son's ace, cas s om
po ai bus s. I is e y impo an no o b eak he sequence o asks. Only sys ema ic aining
will no gi e andom luck, bu na u ally won success.
A he i s s age o aining, i is use ul o p ac ice he image o plas e cas s. The
equi emen o some pas e as is alien o ou ime, when s uden s we e o ced o co ec i s
p opo ions om cas s om ancien s a ues when d awing a li ing na u e.
In he i s semes e , s uden s a e in i ed o pe o m ske ches o he human Figu e. This is
due o he need o p epa e i s -yea s uden s o wo k on hema ic ske ches o he composi ion
included in he composi ion cou se p og am. Bu basically, s uden s a e engaged in d awing a
pe son - he main, mos complex and subs an ial objec o ine a in senio cou ses, when hey
ha e al eady s udied plas ic ana omy o a su icien ex en .
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Lis o used li e a u e:
1. Muza a o aa A. N. FORMS OF PREPARATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS FOR
VISUAL AND CREATIVE ACTIVITIES //Eu o-Asia Con e ences. – 2021. – С. 119-123.
2. A liyakulo a N. БЎЛАЖАК ЎҚИТУВЧИЛАРНИ ТАСВИРИЙ-ИЖОДИЙ
ФАОЛИЯТГА ТАЙЁРЛАШНИНГ ПЕДАГОГИК ШАРТ-ШАРОИТЛАРИ //ЦЕНТР
НАУЧНЫХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ (buxdu. uz). – 2021. – Т. 8. – №. 8.
3. A liyakulo a N. M. Tas i iy San’a O ‘Qi ish Me odikasi» Fanidan Topshi iqla ni Nazo a
Qilish Va Baholash //BARQARORLIK VA YETAKCHI TADQIQOTLAR ONLAYN
ILMIY JURNALI. – 2021. – Т. 1. – №. 5. – С. 270-276.
