A complementary description of Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and a revised key for the genus Kampimodromus Nesbitt

Acarological Studies Vol 6 (2): 65-71 doi: 10.47121/acarolstud.1500227 RESEARCH ARTICLE A complementary description of Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and a revised key for the genus Kampimodromus Nesbitt İsmail DÖKER1,4 , Sebahat K. OZMAN-SULLIVAN2 , Gregory T. SULLIVAN3 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01360, Adana, Türkiye 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Türkiye 3School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia 4Corresponding author: idok[email protected] Received: 12 June 2024 Accepted: 10 July 2024 Available online: 30 July 2024 ABSTRACT: Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka (Acari: Phytoseiidae), which is reported for the first time from Türkiye, is re-described and illustrated, based on female specimens collected from hazelnut (Corylus avellana L., Betulaceae). In addition, the reinstatement of K. adrianae Ferragut and Peña-Estévez as a valid species is proposed. A revised identification key for the world’s Kampimodromus Nesbitt species is also provided. Keywords: Identification key, Kampimodromini, new record, Phytoseiidae, predatory mites, redescription Zoobank: https://zoobank.org/E396037D-4EE1-4511-B687-F18EABDD0F35 INTRODUCTION Kampimodromus Nesbitt (Acari: Phytoseiidae) species are generalist predators predominantly living on pubescent leaves and exhibiting "Type IIIa" feeding behavior (McMurtry et al., 2013). Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans, 1930), which was the first species described, is widely distributed, having been documented across various areas of the Western Palearctic Region and the USA (Demite et al., 2014). In Europe, this species is naturally found on a broad range of cultivated plants, including grapes, hazelnuts and apples, and is considered an efficient predator of phytophagous mites (Kasap, 2005; Ozman-Sullivan, 2006; Duso et al., 2014). In Türkiye, five species of the genus — K. aberrans, K. ericinus Ragusa Di Chiara and Tsolakis, 1994, K. keae (Papadoulis and Emmanouel, 1991), K. langei Wainstein and Arutunjan, 1973 and K. ragusai Swirski and Amitai, 1997 — have been reported, based on specimens collected from various host plants, especially from Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Kasap, 2005, 2010; Ozman-Sullivan, 2006; Döker et al., 2017, 2018; Sağlam et al., 2022). In this study, we collected K. corylosus Kolodochka, 2003 from hazelnut [Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae)] in Samsun Province on the Black Sea coast of Türkiye. It is redescribed and illustrated, based on female specimens, to further improve diagnosis. We also propose the reinstatement of K. adrianae Ferragut and Peña-Estévez, 2003 as a valid species. Moreover, we provide a revised identification key for the Kampimodromus species of the world. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves were collected from hazelnut plants in the Gürgenyatak/Canik district of Samsun Province on the north coast of Türkiye. The collected samples were wrapped in paper, placed in labelled plastic bags, and stored in an icebox until they were transferred to the laboratory. The leaves were then examined for mites under a stereomicroscope and all collected mites were stored in 70% alcohol until they were cleared in 60% lactic acid and mounted on slides in Hoyer’s medium. The slides were then incubated at 50 °C for a week. Permanent slides were examined with an Olympus® CX-41 microscope. Illustrations were prepared with a U-Da drawing attachment (Camera Lucida). The taxonomic system used followed that of Chant and McMurtry (2007), with setal nomenclature according to Lindquist and Evans (1965), as adapted by Rowell et al. (1978). The dorsal and ventral setal pattern references were from Chant and Yoshida-Shaul (1989, 1991, 1992), the nomenclature for solenostomes on the dorsal idiosoma followed that of Athias-Henriot (1975), and the leg chaetotaxy followed that of Evans (1963). Measurements are provided in micrometers, presented as the mean, followed by the range in parentheses. The examined specimens are deposited in the mite collection of the Acarology Laboratory, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Firstly, Kampimodromus corylosus, which is reported from Türkiye for the first time, is redescribed from female specimens collected in Samsun Province. Secondly, a justification for the reinstatement of K. adriane as a valid species is provided. Thirdly, a revised key for Kampimodromus species is included to reflect that change. Diagnosis and redescription of Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka, 2003: 51. Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka: in Cargnus et al., 2012: 590; Döker et al., 2022: 1073. Diagnosis. Idiosomal setal pattern 10A:8C/JV–3: ZV (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield sclerotized, mostly striated; with slight waist at level of R1; with five pairs of so- Acarological Studies 6 (2): 65-71, 2024 66 lenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd6, gd8, and gd9); dorsal setae serrated except j4, j5, j6, J2, z5 and Z1 smooth. Peritremes extending between setae j3-z2. All ventral shields smooth, except ventrianal shield with a few posterior striations; sternal shield with three pairs of setae; ventrianal shield elongated, with three pairs of preanal setae and a pair of minute preanal solenostomes located posteromesad to setae JV2; seta JV5 serrated. Spermatheca with short, cupshaped calyx and nodular atrium, attached to calyx without neck. Fixed digit of chelicera with three subapical teeth and movable digit without tooth. Leg IV with one serrated macroseta. Genu II and IV each with eight (2 2/1 2/0 1) setae and tibia IV with seven setae (1 1/1 2/0 2). Re-description Female (n=4). Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 1A). Dorsal setal pattern 10A: 8C (r3 and R1 off shield). Dorsal shield mostly striated, with slight waist at level of seta R1, with five pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd6, gd8 and gd9). Muscle-marks (sigillae) visible mostly on podosoma; length of dorsal shield 282 (280–284), width at level of s4 160 (156–163), width at level of S2 164 (163–165). Dorsal setae serrated, except j4, j5, j6, J2, z5 and Z1 smooth. Measurements of dorsal setae as follows: j1 20 (18–21), j3 27 (25–30), j4 15 (13–17), j5 14 (12–15), j6 16 (14–18), J2 20 (17–23), J5 8 (6–9), z2 25 (24–26), z4 34 (32–37), z5 16 (14–18), Z1 21 (18–24), Z4 40 (37–43), Z5 52 (49–55), s4 43 (38–47), S2 44 (40–48), S5 18 (17–20), r3 40 (38–42), and R1 25 (23– 27). Peritremes extending between setae j3-z2. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 1B). Ventral setal pattern 14: JV–3: ZV. Sternal shield smooth, with three pairs of setae (ST1– ST3) and two pairs of poroids (iv1, iv2); distance between bases of setae ST1–ST3 59 (56–61), distance between bases of setae ST2 56 (55–58); metasternal setae ST4 and poroids iv3 on metasternal shields. Genital shield smooth with one pair of setae ST5; width at level of ST5 49 (48– 50); one pair of para-genital poroids iv5 on soft cuticle. Ventrianal shield elongate, mostly smooth except for some posterior striations, with three pairs of pre-anal setae (JV1, JV2, and ZV2), one pair of para-anal setae PA, unpaired post-anal seta PST, and a pair of minute solenostomes (gv3) posteromedian to JV2. Length of ventrianal shield 92 (89–94), width at level of ZV2 54 (50–58). Four pairs of caudoventral setae (ZV1, ZV3, JV4 and JV5) and six pairs of poroids (five ivo and ivp) on soft cuticle surrounding ventrianal shield. Setae JV5 serrated, 35 (34– 35) in length. Chelicera (Fig. 1C). Fixed digit 24 (23–25) long, with three teeth clustered sub-apically and pilus dentilis; movable digit 24 (23–25) long, without tooth. Spermatheca (Fig. 1D). Calyx short, cup-shaped, 8 (6–10) long, atrium nodular, connected to calyx without neck, major duct long, narrow, minor duct visible. Legs (Figs 2A-D). Leg I 262 (260–264), II 209 (205–213), III 195 (190–200), IV 279 (265–286) in length. Chaetotaxy of legs as follows: Leg I: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/2 2, genu 2 2/1 2/1 2, tibia 2 2/1 2/1 2. Leg II: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/1 1, genu 2 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/1 1. Leg III: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 1/1 0/2 0, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/1 1. Leg IV: coxa 0 0/1 0/0 0, trochanter 1 1/1 0/2 0, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 2 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/0 2. Leg IV with one macroseta StIV (pd3) 22 (21–23), usually with two barbs, smooth in one specimen. Other legs without macrosetae. Male. Not collected in this study. Material examined. Four females from hazelnut, C. avellana in Gürgenyatak village, Canik, Samsun, Türkiye (41° 13' 32 "N, 36° 21' 50" E, 513 meters above sea level); collected by S.K. Ozman-Sullivan and G.T. Sullivan on 01 October 2021. Discussion. Kampimodromus corylosus was described from specimens mostly collected from hazelnut, C. avellana, in Ukraine and Moldova. The current study reports K. corylosus for the first time from Türkiye. The morphological characters and measurements of the newly collected specimens are almost identical to the original description and redescriptions (Cargnus et al., 2012; Döker et al., 2022). We re-examined the Belgian specimens reported by Döker et al. (2022) and confirm that the measurements of dorsal seta j3 are not 21 (21–22) but 31 (31–32). Also, the preanal solenostomes in the Belgian specimens are small and circular, not crescentic, as in the original description and the redescription provided here. Notes on the identification key for the genus Kampimodromus The identification key provided in this study for 16 species of Kampimodromus is based on the previous key by Döker et al. (2017). However, in the present study, we resurrected K. adrianae to valid species status and included it in the key due to the distinct differences in its dorsal setal length especially for dorsocentral setae and serrations on j4, j5, j6, J2, Z5, Z1 and S5. Tixier et al. (2006) suspected that K. adrianae is a junior synonym of K. hmiminai McMurtry and Bounfour, 1989 based on COI sequences from populations collected from Salix canariensis Chr. Sm. ex Link (Salicaceae) in the Canary Islands and Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) in Meknes, Morocco. The same authors stated that the genetic distance between these two species was similar to the distance between two populations of K. aberrans which were collected from Celtis australis L. (Ulmaceae) and Quercus pubescens Willd. (Fagaceae) in Montpellier, France. However, Döker et al. (2018) used four species of Kampimodromus to construct a phylogenetic tree based on their ITS sequences and the sequences available in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic tree of Döker et al. (2018) showed that the sequence, HQ404798, deposited as K. aberrans, originating from a population collected from C. australis in Montpellier, France is identical to K. corylosus. Therefore, at least one of the two K. aberrans populations identified by Tixier et al. (2006) is likely to be K. corylosus. This situation appears to negate the argument of Tixier et al. (2006) that the genetic difference between K. hmiminai and K. adrianae is the same as that between two populations of K. Acarological Studies 6 (2): 65-71, 2024 67 aberrans. In that light, we propose the reinstatement of K. adrianae as a valid species due to the distinct differences in its dorsal setal lengths, until more accurate morphological and molecular studies, and possibly cross-breeding experiments, are conducted. Revised key to the genus Kampimodromus Nesbitt, 1951 (Modified from Döker et al., 2017) 1. Six pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd6, gd8 and gd9)…….……..……………………………………..2 – Less than six pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield (at least gd4 absent, gd1 and gd8 present/absent)...……………………………………………………………...4 2. Setae Z1 and S5 smooth; ratio setae s4:Z1 > 4:1…….……3 –Setae Z1 and S5 serrated; ratio setae s4:Z1 < 3:1……………. ………………………….K. adrianae Ferragut and Peña-Estévez 3. Preanal solenostomes absent………….…………...................... ……………………………..K. hmiminai McMurtry and Bounfour – Preanal solenostomes present…………………………………… …….....K. florinensis Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi 4. Three pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield (gd2, gd6 and gd9)…………….…………K. judaicus (Swirski and Amitai) – Four or five pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield (gd8 absent or present)........………………………………………………….5 5. Four pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield (gd8 absent) ......……..…….………...…………………………………………….….6 – Five pairs of solenostomes on dorsal shield (gd8 present)….…….………………………………………………..……………….10 6. Movable digit of chelicera smooth…………………………..…7 – Movable digit of chelicera with one tooth……………………9 7. Sub-lateral setae R1 of females inserted on dorsal shield….……………………………....… K. elongatus (Oudemans) – Sub-lateral setae R1 of females on soft cuticle……………..8 8. Macroseta on basitarsus IV short about 20 µm in length; dorsal setae Z1 almost half-length of setae S2….……………………...…………………K. aberrans (Oudemans) – Macroseta on basitarsus IV longer, about 30 µm in length; dorsal setae Z1 longer, about 2/3 length of S2)………………………......… K. molle (Ueckermann and Loots) 9. Peritreme short, extending to level of setae z4….…. ……………………………..K. keae (Papadoulis and Emmanouel) – Peritreme longer, extending to level of setae z2……………. …………………………………………..K. ragusai Swirski and Amitai 10. Ventrianal shield with two pairs of preanal setae…….. ……………………………….. K. alettae (Ueckermann and Loots) – Ventrianal shield with three pairs of preanal setae….. 11 11. Movable digit of chelicera smooth………………...……..12 – Movable digit of chelicera with one tooth………...…..…14 12. Dorsal setae J2 shorter than 25 µm.……….……….………..………………..K. corylosus Kolodochka –Dorsal setae J2 longer than 30 µm………...…………..……….13 13. Both dorsal seta S5 and macroseta on basitarsus IV smooth………….…………………K. karadaghensis Kolodochka – Both dorsal seta S5 and macroseta on basitarsus IV slightly serrate………………………………………………………………. ……………………….K. ericinus Ragusa Di Chiara and Tsolakis 14. Peritreme short extending to level of sub-lateral setae r3……………………………...K. echii Ferragut and Peña-Estévez –Peritreme longer, at least extending to level z2……….....15 15.Macroseta on basitarsus IV pointed apically; peritreme extending to level between setae j3-z2....K. coryli Meshkov – Macroseta on basitarsus IV knobbed apically; peritreme extending to level setae level of z2…………………………………… …………………………………K. langei Wainstein and Arutunjan Authors’ contributions İsmail Döker: Identification of mite species, visualization, writing original draft, review-editing. Sebahat K. Ozman-Sullivan: Material collection, review-editing, funding. Gregory T. Sullivan: Material collection, reviewediting, resources. Statement of ethics approval Not applicable. Funding This research was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) (Project number: #220N174) and Cukurova University Scientific Projects Foundation Units (Project number: FAY-202214495). Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with respect to this study. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Hatice Yavas (Cukurova University) for her help during slide preparation. Acarological Studies 6 (2): 65-71, 2024 68 Figure 1. Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka, 2003, female: A. Dorsal idiosoma, B. Ventral idiosoma, C. Chelicera, D. Spermathecae. Acarological Studies 6 (2): 65-71, 2024 69 Figure 2. Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka, 2003 female right legs: A. Leg I (coxa and tarsus omitted), B. Leg II (coxa and tarsus omitted), C. Leg III (coxa and tarsus omitted), D. Leg IV (coxa and telotarsus omitted). Macroseta drawn in solid black for clarity. Acarological Studies 6 (2): 65-71, 2024 70 REFERENCES Athias-Henriot, C. 1975. Nouvelles notes sur les Amblyseiini. II. Le relevé organotaxique de la face dorsale adulte (Gamasides, protoadéniques, Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 17: 20-29. Cargnus, E., Girolami, V. and Zandigiacomo, P. 2012. 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Tixier, M.-S., Kreiter, S., Ferragut, F. and Cheval, B. 2006. The suspected synonymy of Kampimodromus hmiminai and Kampimodromus adrianae (Acari: Phytoseiidae): morphological and molecular investigations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84: 1216-1222. doi: 10.1139/z06-108 Wainstein, B.A. and Arutunjan, E.S. 1973. New species of predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes) in Armenian SSR. Doklady Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, 56: 55-58. [In Russian] Edited by: Salih Doğan Reviewed by: Three anonymous referees Citation: Döker İ., Ozman-Sullivan, S.K. and Sullivan, G.T. 2024. A complementary description of Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and a revised key for the genus Kampimodromus Nesbitt. Acarological Studies, 6 (2): 65-71.