D5.7: Impact Analysis Study

HYPERGRYD. This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and
inno a ion p og amme unde g an ag eemen No 101036656
WP5 – TRL5 demons a ion in li ing labs and
i ual labs in LEC
Task 5.6 Valida ion and impac assessmen
analysis
D5.7 Impac Analysis S udy
Re . A es(2025)2581031 - 31/03/2025
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 2
DISCLAIMER
The opinion s a ed in his epo e lec s he opinion o he au ho s and no he opinion o he
Eu opean Commission.
All in ellec ual p ope y igh s a e owned by HYPERGRYD conso ium membe s and a e p o ec ed by
he applicable laws. Rep oduc ion is no au ho ised wi hou p io w i en ag eemen .
The comme cial use o any in o ma ion con ained in his documen may equi e a license om he
owne o ha in o ma ion.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and inno a ion
p og amme unde g an ag eemen Nº 101036656.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 3
P ojec
P ojec Ac onym
HYPERGRYD
P ojec Ti le
Hyb id coupled ne wo ks o he mal-elec ic in eg a ed Sma Ene gy Dis ic s
G an Ag eemen
numbe
101036656
Call iden i ie
H2020-LC-GD-2020
Topic iden i ie
LC-GD-2-1-2020
Inno a i e land-based and o sho e enewable ene gy echnologies and hei
in eg a ion in o he ene gy sys em
Funding Scheme
Resea ch and Inno a ion Ac ion
P ojec du a ion
42 mon hs (F om 1 Oc obe 2021)
Coo dina o
ARCbcn
Websi e
h p://hype g yd.eu
Deli e able
Deli e able No.
D5.7
Deli e able i le
Valida ion and impac assessmen analysis
Desc ip ion
This ask aims a assessing he en i onmen al, economic and social impac s o he
HYPERGRYD solu ions. The ask is di ided in o 3 sub- asks, assessing he h ee
pilla s o sus ainabili y such as en i onmen al, economic and social impac s.
SubTask 5.6.1 En i onmen al impac s udy: Li e Cycle Assessmen (LCA): LCA is he
key me hodology u ilised o pe o m he en i onmen al s udy and de i e he
impac s o he applied echnology. LCA is used o analyze gi en p ocesses and
pe o mances o he sys ems in he P ojec . The s udy will also bene i om digi al
win simula ion s udy o he li ing labs as local ene gy ma ke s wi h he ollowing
KPIs: ene gy bill cos , sel -consump ion and sel -su iciency.
SubTask 5.6.2 S udy on economic impac s and bene i s h ough Li e Cycle Cos s
Analysis (LCC): he economic dimension is ano he key aspec o he p ojec and
will s ongly in luence he implemen a ion o he a ge ed echnologies in he
di e en scena ios. Li e Cycle Cos analysis (LCC) o he de eloped solu ions is
pe o med in acco dance wi h ISO 15686-5:2008 and o he Code o P ac ice
sugges ed by SETAC “En i onmen al Li e Cycle Cos ing”. The LCC allows es ima ing
he o al cos s (OPe a ing Expense, OPEX and CAPi al Expendi u e, CAPEX) o be
incu ed in he design, de elopmen , cons uc ion, p oduc ion, ope a ion,
main enance o e hei li e cycle. Fu he mo e, compa ison analysis o all he
p oposed al e na i es wi h benchma ks will be pe o med in o de o
quan i y he economic sa ings and po en ial bene i s o he echnical solu ions.
SubTask 5.6.3 S udy on social and heal h impac s and bene i s h ough
Social Li e Cycle Assessmen (S-LCA): Social impac s along he en i e alue chain
ha e o be also aken in o accoun when de eloping o ins alling new
echnologies/solu ions and se ices unde a sus ainable app oach. S-LCA, based
on he UNEP/SETAC guidelines, also ollows a li e cycle app oach, bu he impac s
in his case a e ela ed o socio-economic aspec s and comp ise human igh s,
wo king condi ions, heal h and sa e y, socio-economic epe cussion, and so o h.
WP No.
WP5
Rela ed ask
T5.6 – Valida ion and impac assessmen analysis
Lead Bene icia y
12 – RINA-C
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 4
Au ho (s)
Co inna Pon i (RINA-C), Glo ia Anna Ca allo, Gio anni Vacca i (RINA-C), Joel Nadal
(ARCbcn)
Con ibu o (s)
Mau o Co naglia (EURAC), Nicola Zacca elli (ENCO), Ma co Calde oni, Cha lo e
Selosse (R2M), Vale ia Palomba (CNR), Abdul ahman Dahash (AIT), Da id Ve ez
(ARCbcn)
Type
R
Dissemina ion
PU Public
Language
English – GB
Due
31/03/2025
Submission da e
31/03/2025
Ve sion
Da e
Au ho s
Desc ip ion
V.0.1
24/03/2025
Co inna Pon i, Glo ia Anna
Ca allo and Gio anni Vacca i
(RINA-C)
Joel Nadal (ARCbcn)
Fi s issue o he deli e able
V.0.2
25/03/2025
Mau o Co naglia (ENVI)
Re iew o he d a e sion
V.0.3
26/03/2025
S ephan P eisinge
(OCHSNER)
Gab iele Pennello (SORTEC)
Pe e Pla ell (RANOTOR)
Gene al Re iew and in eg a ion o he
images o he p o o ype
V.0.4
28/03/2025
Co inna Pon i (RINA-C)
Implemen a ion o he modi ica ions
eques ed in 0.2 and 0.3
V0.5
28/03/2025
Cin ia Escandell (COMET)
Re iew o 0.4
V.0.6
31/03/2025
Co inna Pon i (RINA-C)
Implemen a ion o he modi ica ions
eques ed in 0.5
V.0.7
31/03/2025
Michał Gliński (IMP PAN) WP
Leade
Final deli e able
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 5
Table o Con en s
Table o Con en s ................................................................................................................. 5
Lis o Figu es ....................................................................................................................... 8
Lis o Tables ........................................................................................................................ 8
Execu i e Summa y ............................................................................................................ 10
1 In oduc ion ............................................................................................................. 11
1.1 Scope................................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Audience ............................................................................................................. 11
1.3 Abb e ia ions ...................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Con ibu ions o pa ne s .................................................................................... 12
1.5 Rela ion o o he ac i i ies ................................................................................... 13
1.6 S uc u e ............................................................................................................. 13
2 Me hodology ............................................................................................................ 15
2.1 Goal and Scope de ini ion .................................................................................... 16
2.2 Li e Cycle In en o y (LCI) ..................................................................................... 17
2.3 Li e Cycle Impac Assessmen (LCIA) .................................................................... 18
2.4 In e p e a ion o esul s ...................................................................................... 21
3 Desc ip ion o he analysed Business cases o LCA & LCC ....................................... 22
3.1 Business case 1: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h s eam engine and s eam bu e -
En ipa k 22
3.2 Business case 2: So p ion S o age - Sonnenpla z.................................................. 23
3.3 Business case 3: Hea Pump wi h PCM s o age - Sonnenpla z .............................. 26
4 LCA o HYPERGRYD echnologies.............................................................................. 28
4.1 Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h s eam engine and s eam bu e ................................. 28
4.1.1 Goal and scope ............................................................................................................ 28
4.1.2 In en o ies ................................................................................................................... 29
4.1.3 Impac Assessmen ...................................................................................................... 32
4.2 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age ........................................................................ 35
4.2.1 Goal and scope ............................................................................................................ 35
4.2.2 In en o ies ................................................................................................................... 36
4.2.3 Impac Assessmen ...................................................................................................... 38
4.3 Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m s o age ...................................................... 42

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 6
4.3.1 Goal and scope ............................................................................................................ 42
4.3.2 In en o ies ................................................................................................................... 43
4.3.3 Impac Assessmen ...................................................................................................... 45
5 LCC o HYPERGRYD echnologies .............................................................................. 49
5.1 Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h s eam engine and s eam bu e ................................. 49
5.1.1 Goal and scope ............................................................................................................ 49
5.1.2 In en o ies ................................................................................................................... 49
5.1.3 Impac Assessmen ...................................................................................................... 50
5.2 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age ........................................................................ 53
5.2.1 Goal and scope ............................................................................................................ 53
5.2.2 In en o ies ................................................................................................................... 54
5.2.3 Impac Assessmen ...................................................................................................... 55
5.3 Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m s o age ...................................................... 57
5.3.1 Goal and scope ............................................................................................................ 57
5.3.2 In en o ies ................................................................................................................... 58
5.3.3 Impac Assessmen ...................................................................................................... 59
6 S-LCA o HYPERGRYD echnologies........................................................................... 61
6.1 Goal and Scope .................................................................................................... 61
6.2 In en o ies .......................................................................................................... 64
6.3 Impac Assessmen .............................................................................................. 65
6.3.1 Me hodological p emise .............................................................................................. 65
6.3.2 Resul s o S-LCA .......................................................................................................... 67
6.4 Main conclusions o S-LCA .................................................................................. 78
7 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 80
7.1 Main conclusions o LCA ..................................................................................... 80
7.2 Main conclusions o LCC ..................................................................................... 80
7.3 Main conclusions o S-LCA .................................................................................. 81
8 Re e ences ................................................................................................................ 81
9 Appendices ............................................................................................................... 86
9.1 HYPERGRYD LCA Impac Assessmen (LCIA) ......................................................... 87
9.1.1 Business case 1: LCIA Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Bu e a En ipa k (Tu in, IT) .. 87
9.1.2 Business case 2: LCIA So p ion based The mal Ene gy S o age a Sonnenpla z ............. 88
9.1.3 Business case 3: LCIA Hea Pumps wi h PCM s o age a Sonnenpla z ........................... 89
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 7
9.2 HYPERGRYD LCC In en o ies ................................................................................ 90
9.2.1 In en o ies Business case 1- CHPs ................................................................................ 90
9.2.2 Business case 2- So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age ....................................................... 91
9.2.3 Business case 3 - Modula Hea Pump wi h sho e m s o age .................................... 93
9.3 HYPERGRYD S-LCA In en o y Ques ionnai e ........................................................ 95
9.4 Coun y-Le el Social Impac Indica o s ................................................................ 97
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 8
Lis o Figu es
Figu e 1. Li e Cycle analysis i e a i e s eps ...................................................................................... 15
Figu e 2: he CHP uni de eloped by RANOTOR ............................................................................... 22
Figu e 3: En ipa k Technological Pa k (En i onmen Pa k, 2025) ..................................................... 23
Figu e 4: Ins alla ion o he STES sys em a KEZO Lab ...................................................................... 24
Figu e 5: Sonnenpla z, G ossShoenau dis ic (Sonnenpla z, 2025) .................................................. 24
Figu e 6: The modula Hea Pump de eloped by OCHSNER. ............................................................ 26
Figu e 7: Compa a i e LCA esul s o En ipa k ‘Baseline’, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena ios ........ 33
Figu e 8 Compa a i e LCA esul s o En ipa k ‘Baseline’, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena ios wi h he
con ibu ion o he di e en ene gy u ili ies. .................................................................................. 34
Figu e 9: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’and ‘STES’ Scena ios ........................... 39
Figu e 10: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’and ‘STES’ Scena ios wi h he
con ibu ion o he di e en ene gy u ili ies. .................................................................................. 40
Figu e 11: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’, ‘HPsPCM’ Scena ios......................... 46
Figu e 12: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’and ‘HPs & PCM’ Scena ios wi h he
con ibu ion o he di e en ene gy u ili ies ................................................................................... 47
Figu e 13: Compa a i e LCC esul s o he En ipa k use case ........................................................... 51
Figu e 14: Ho spo analysis on LCC esul s o En ipa k use case ..................................................... 51
Figu e 15: Compa a i e LCC esul s o he Sonnenpla z STES use case ............................................. 55
Figu e 16: Ho spo analysis on LCC esul s o he Sonnenpla z STES use case .................................. 56
Figu e 17: Compa a i e LCC esul s o he Sonnenpla z Modula Hea Pump use case ..................... 59
Figu e 18: Ho spo analysis on LCC esul s o he Sonnenpla z Modula Hea Pump use case .......... 60
Figu e 19. S eps in he S-LCA p ocess .............................................................................................. 61
Figu e 20. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Local Communi y ................. 68
Figu e 21. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Consume ............................ 68
Figu e 22. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Wo ke s .............................. 69
Figu e 23. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Socie y ................................ 70
Figu e 24. Dis ibu ion o he Impac Assessmen pe ca ego ies and s akeholde s no malized ....... 71
Figu e 25. Impac Assessmen o s akeholde Local Communi y .................................................... 72
Figu e 26. Impac Assessmen o s akeholde Value-Chain Ac o s .................................................. 73
Figu e 27. Impac Assessmen o s akeholde Consume ............................................................... 74
Figu e 28. Impac Assessmen o s akeholde Wo ke s .................................................................. 75
Figu e 29. Impac Assessmen o s akeholde Socie y .................................................................... 76
Figu e 30. Compa ison o he IA o he h ee HYPERGRYD echnologies .......................................... 77
Lis o Tables
Table 2.1: EF 3.1 impac indica o s selec ed o he LCA s udy ........................................................ 18
Table 3.1 De ails on Ene gy Supply and P oduc ion asse s o he di e en Scena ios analysed in
Business case 1. .............................................................................................................................. 23
Table 3.2: Technical in o ma ion on he Sonnenpla z dis ic .......................................................... 25
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 9
Table 3.3: De ails on Ene gy Supply and P oduc ion asse s o he di e en Scena ios analysed in
Business case 2. .............................................................................................................................. 25
Table 3.4: De ails on Ene gy Supply and P oduc ion asse s o he di e en Scena ios analysed in
Business case 3 ............................................................................................................................... 27
Table 4.1: LCA In en o y Table o En ipa k ‘Baseline’ Scena io ........................................................ 29
Table 4.2: LCA In en o y Table o En ipa k ‘CHPs’ Scena io ............................................................. 30
Table 4.3: LCA In en o y Table o En ipa k ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena io ................................................ 31
Table 4.4: Compa a i e LCA esul s o En ipa k ‘Baseline’, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena ios (25
yea s).............................................................................................................................................. 32
Table 4.5: LCA In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’ Scena io .................................................. 36
Table 4.6: LCA In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age( STES)’ Scena io . 37
Table 4.7: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’, ‘STES’ Scena ios (25 yea s) .............. 38
Table 4.8: LCA In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’ Scena io .................................................. 43
Table 4.9: LCA In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘Hea Pumps wi h PCM’ Scena io ............................ 44
Table 4.10: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’, ‘HPsPCM’ Scena ios (25 yea s)....... 45
Table 5.1: LCC In en o y Table o En ipa k ’Baseline, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHP & RES’ Scena ios .................. 50
Table 5.2: Calcula ion o he In es men Payback ime o he Scena ios in es iga ed in business case
1. .................................................................................................................................................... 52
Table 5.3: LCC In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z‘Baseline’and ‘So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age’ (STES)
Scena io .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Table 5.4: Calcula ion o he In es men Payback ime o he Scena ios in es iga ed in business case
2. .................................................................................................................................................... 56
Table 5.5: LCC In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z‘Baseline’and ‘Hea Pumps wi h PCM’ (HPsPCM)
Scena ios ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Table 5.6: Calcula ion o he In es men Payback ime o he Scena ios in es iga ed in business case
3. .................................................................................................................................................... 60
Table 6.1: S akeholde s, subca ego ies and Impac Ca ego ies ........................................................ 63
Table 6.2: Da a sou ces o he S-LCA coun y le el in en o y ......................................................... 64
Table 6.3: T ans o ma ion ules om PA o IA. Each cell ep esen s he new IA sco e ..................... 67
Table 9.1: Compa a i e LCA Resul s o he Baseline, CHPs and CHP & HRES Scena io. Resul s disclosed
o he o al and di e en seasons o 25 yea s ............................................................................... 87
Table 9.2: Compa a i e LCA Resul s o he Baseline and STES Scena io. Resul s disclosed o he o al
and di e en seasons o 25 yea s .................................................................................................. 88
Table 9.3: Compa a i e LCA Resul s o he Baseline and HPsPCM Scena io. Resul s disclosed o he
o al and di e en seasons o 25 yea s .......................................................................................... 89
Table 9.4: LCC In en o y Table o En ipa k ‘Baseline’ Scena io – Ene gy lows ................................ 90
Table 9.5: LCC In en o y Table o En ipa k ‘CHPs’ Scena io – Ene gy lows...................................... 90
Table 9.6: LCC In en o y Table o En ipa k ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena io – Ene gy lows ......................... 91
Table 9.7: LCC In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’ Scena io – Ene gy lows .......................... 91
Table 9.8: LCC In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘So p ion The mal S o age’ Scena io – Ene gy lows 92
Table 9.9: LCC In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’ Scena io – Ene gy lows .......................... 93
Table 9.10: LCC In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘Hea Pumps wi h PCM’ Scena io – Ene gy lows ... 93
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 16
Indeed, he applica ion o he sus ainabili y assessmen me hodologies o HYPERGRYD sys ems is
discussed in Chap e 3 o 6.
2.1 Goal and Scope de ini ion
The i s s ep o a li e cycle s udy is o de ine he Goal and Scope, which is c ucial o he whole
de elopmen o he analysis, since i clea ly s a es and es ablish a lis o pa ame e s and se ings which
unde lay he whole assessmen . These me hodological choices a e hen applied all along he s udy
du a ion; o his eason, he Goal and Scope should be ou lined a he beginning o all s udies in a
clea and p ecise manne , hen all he subsequen s eps o he analysis should be consis en wi h i .
In Goal de ini ion, he in ended applica ion and he pu pose o he s udy should be cla i ied; while
Scope aims o de ine impo an pa ame e s which cha ac e ise bo h he objec o he s udy han he
me hodological p ocedu es o he analysis. Fo example, he ollowing pa ame e s should be
unambiguously s a ed o all he h ee assessmen s:
• he objec o he s udy (i.e. a p oduc , a p ocess, a se ice);
• he unc ional uni (FU), i.e. he me ic (i.e. pa ame e , alue, uni ) which ep esen s he
e e ence o which he esul s o he assessmen a e epo ed;
• consequen ly, he e e ence low, i.e. he echnical desc ip ion o he me ic wi h i s ea u es
equi ed o ul il he unc ion exp essed by he unc ional uni ;
• he sys em bounda ies, i.e. he amewo k (as p ocesses, li e cycle s eps, e c.) wi hin which
he s udy is ca ied ou ;
• he alloca ion p ocedu es, i.e. he pa i ioning o inpu and/o ou pu lows o a p ocess o
he sys em unde s udy;
• he da a quali y equi emen (DQR), i.e. ele ance o speci ic (p ima y) o gene ic
(seconda y, e.g. li e a u e) LCA da a in acco dance wi h he goal and scope o he s udy;
• assump ions and limi a ions, i any.
As an icipa ed, besides hese gene al pa ame e s ha a e common o all he 3 li e cycle s udies, some
peculia i ies cha ac e ize each o he di e en analyses in he Goal and Scope de ini ion.
Fo example, among he se ings o be de ined, o an LCA s udy is manda o y o decla e he me hods
o he impac assessmen which a e conside ed o he analysis (e.g. EF, ReCiPe, e c.). Mo eo e ,
once me hodology is selec ed, a clea desc ip ion o he lis o impac indica o s should be p o ided,
wi h hei uni s and ela ed impac ca ego y. On he o he hand, o an LCC s udy i is impo an o
de ine he pe spec i e o he s udy (e.g. clien , end-use o manu ac u e poin o iew): indeed, he
poin o iew is a key-d i e o he analysis and he s udy is ca ied ou aking in o accoun he
economic aspec s associa ed o he analyzed pe spec i e, in luencing he whole assessmen . Finally,
o he S-LCA analysis, he de ini ion o s akeholde s (e.g. wo ke s, local communi ies, alue chain
ac o s, consume s, socie y, and child en) is equi ed. Building on he s akeholde amewo k S-LCA,
subca ego ies (e.g. access o ma e ial esou ces, ai compe i ion, child labou , e c.) p o ide a
de ailed lens o e alua e speci ic social impac s. While s akeholde s de ine he g oups a ec ed by a
p oduc o se ice, subca ego ies ocus on measu able aspec s ele an o each g oup, o ming a

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 17
s uc u ed app oach o add essing social sus ainabili y. Mo eo e , o S-LCA he de ini ion he
egionali y o he p oduc s/se ices is impo an o he co ec e alua ion o hei alue-chain and
social- ela ed aspec s.
Once all he me hodological pa ame e s and se ings o he analyses a e clea ly s a ed, he s udies
en e in hei second phase, ela ed o da a ga he ing o wi hin he Li e Cycle In en o y (LCI).
2.2 Li e Cycle In en o y (LCI)
The Li e Cycle In en o y (LCI) phase di ec ly in ol es da a p o ide in he building up o an in en o y,
which includes a lis o lows (inpu s/ou pu s) ha cha ac e ise he objec o he s udy. Da a ga he ed
should be consis en wi h he pu poses o Goal and Scope (e.g. unc ional uni , bounda y condi ions,
e c.) and hey a e ela ed wi h he s ages o he li e cycle which a e decided o be included o he
speci ic assessmen .
In o de o ease he collec ion p ocess, he examined sys em (i.e. a p oduc , p ocess, se ice) could
be di ided in o main p ocesses, each one including di e en inpu s (e.g. ene gy consump ion, aw
ma e ials, e c.) and ou pu s (e.g. p oduc s, was e, emissions, e c.). To his aim, a block- low diag am
(BFD) could be a use ul ool o de ine he consequen iali y o he p ocesses, which is o be eplica ed
in he li e cycle in en o y s uc u e.
Da a o be collec ed a e di e en o sou ce and pu pose and hey could be di ided in o wo main
ca ego ies. Backg ound da a ( e e ing o backg ound p ocesses) is usually seconda y da a, which is
e ie ed om li e a u e, da abases, da a banks, e c.; while o eg ound da a ( e e ed o o eg ound
p ocesses) a e p e e ably p ima y da a, di ec ly collec ed om he da a p o ide s (e.g. p oduc
owne s, p oduc de elope s, end-use s, e c.). To ha e a comple e and use ul in en o y o a
sus ainabili y s udy, bo h ca ego ies o da a should be conside ed, ha monized and well- e e enced;
howe e , i is wo h o ema k ha he mo e p ima y da a is used, he mo e accu a e and eliable is
he s udy.
Along wi h he necessa y inpu /ou pu lows, which a e manda o y o he en i onmen al assessmen
bu hey also a e equi ed o he wo o he s udies, LCC and S-LCA also in ol e he use o addi ional
ca ego ies o da a. In pa icula , LCC equi es all he in o ma ion ega ding he cos o he selec ed
inpu /ou pu lows, in o m o agg ega e o uni a y alues. A he same ime, economic s udy also
includes he ope a ional cos s (OPEX, i.e. main enance expenses, manpowe sala ies, e c.) and capi al
expendi u es (CAPEX, o he equipmen ), which a e among he en ies o he economic assessmen .
On he o he hand, S-LCA da a ga he ing could be s uc u ed ac oss wo le els, i.e. coun y and
o ganisa ional le els, depending on he ype, opic and sou ce o da a. In pa icula , coun y-le el
da a a e collec ed om da abases, li e a u e s udies, da a banks and could be conside ed gene ic,
egionalized and agg ega ed o a speci ic alue-chain; o cou se, hei quali y and ecognizeness is
e y high. On he o he hand, o ganisa ional-le el in en o y is mo e ocused on he speci ic scena io
o a company, a s akeholde g oup o a p ojec - ela ed pa ne , hence mo e di ec (bu also less
gene ic and less objec i e) in o ma ion is d awn. Acco ding o he s udy pu poses and on he ma k
gi en by he S-LCA p ac i ione s, he combina ion o he wo app oaches o he selec ion o one is
applied, due o ce ain easons/limi a ions behind he speci ic s udy.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 18
The LCI, made o p ima y and seconda y da a, is usually e e ed o he unc ional uni o he s udy
and i could be p epa ed s a ing om ques ionnai es, in e iews, li e a u e esea ch, sp eadshee s.
A he end o he da a collec ion, he in en o y is e iewed and consolida ed, so he p ocess o sys em
model de elopmen and, la e on, impac assessmen could s a .
2.3 Li e Cycle Impac Assessmen (LCIA)
Li e Cycle Impac Assessmen (LCIA) is he s age o he analysis in which esul s a e calcula ed and
analyzed. This phase is made o wo consequen ial s eps: 1) he ealiza ion o a model o he objec
unde s udy (based on he LCI) on a so wa e/ ool and 2) he elabo a ion o impac s ela ed o he
unc ional uni , which should be e alua ed acco ding o a speci ic me hodology.
Despi e he global a ionale behind LCIA is common o he h ee assessmen s, i is e iden ha in his
s age o he analysis he di e ences be ween he h ee s udies a e in he app oach, me hodology
and calcula ion o esul s, so a speci ic insigh abou hese ea u es is gi en so a .
Rega ding he en i onmen al analysis, an LCA model is de eloped on a dedica ed so wa e (e.g.
GaBi™, SimaP o™, e c.) wi h he aim o e-c ea e he ealis ic p ocess consequen iali y, including all
inpu /ou pu lows collec ed in he LCI. Consequen ly, he so wa e elabo a es he en i onmen al
impac s ela ed o one/mo e li e cycle s ages o he sys em conside ed o he s udy, being he
e ec i e LCIA phase. In his s ep, he long lis o in e en ions ypically ound in p ac ice (e.g. ene gy
p oduc ion, aw ma e ials ex ac ion, e c.) is agg ega ed in o a small se o indica o s, aiming o
iden i y p ocesses ha con ibu e mos o he o e all impac . Indeed, a co ela ion is es ablished
be ween en i onmen al in e en ions (e.g. aw ma e ials ex ac ions) and impac ca ego ies o
midpoin (e.g. Clima e change) and endpoin (e.g. Human heal h) (Ma gni, 2012). Acco ding o he
impac ca ego ies selec ed in he LCA Goal and Scope, his co ela ion is exp essed h ough a lis o
indica o s, which a e ela ed o a speci ic aspec o en i onmen al a ec ion (e.g. eco oxici y,
ecosys ems, esou ce use, e c.). In HYPERGRYD p ojec , he impac assessmen me hodology selec ed
o he LCA s udy is En i onmen al Foo p in 3.1 (EF 3.1) (EF3.1, 2025), which encompasses 27 impac
indica o s ela ed o speci ic impac ca ego ies. The p esen s udy is conduc ed on SimaP o™
1
so wa e (Analys 9.6.0.1), including ecoin en
2
© 3.10 lib a y, applying he EF 3.1 impac
assessmen me hodology, whose comple e lis o indica o s is p esen ed in Table 2.1
Table 2.1: EF 3.1 impac indica o s selec ed o he LCA s udy
Impac ca ego y
Uni
Ac onym
Impac indica o
Acidi ica ion
[mol H+ eq]
ACIDe
Accumula ed Exceedance
– AE
Clima e change
[kg CO2 eq]
GWP
Radia i e o cing as global
wa ming po en ial –
GWP100
1
SimaP o™ websi e: h ps://simap o.com/
2
Ecoin en © websi e: h ps://ecoin en .o g/da abase/
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 19
Impac ca ego y
Uni
Ac onym
Impac indica o
Clima e change - Biogenic
[kg CO2 eq]
GWPb
Radia i e o cing as global
wa ming po en ial –
GWP100
Clima e change - Fossil
[kg CO2 eq]
GWP
Radia i e o cing as global
wa ming po en ial –
GWP100
Clima e change - Land use
and LU change
[kg CO2 eq]
GWPlu
Radia i e o cing as global
wa ming po en ial –
GWP100
Eco oxici y, eshwa e -
pa 1
[CTUe]
FWTOX1
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o ecosys ems
Eco oxici y, eshwa e -
pa 2
[CTUe]
FWTOX2
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o ecosys ems
Eco oxici y, eshwa e -
ino ganics
[CTUe]
FWTOXi
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o ecosys ems
Eco oxici y, eshwa e -
o ganics - p.1
[CTUe]
FWTOXo1
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o ecosys ems
Eco oxici y, eshwa e -
o ganics - p.2
[CTUe]
FWTOXo2
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o ecosys ems
Pa icula e ma e
[disease incidencies]
PMAT
Impac on human heal h
Eu ophica ion, ma ine
[kg N eq]
MWEUT
F ac ion o nu ien s
eaching ma ine end
compa men
Eu ophica ion,
eshwa e
[kg P eq]
FWEUT
F ac ion o nu ien s
eaching eshwa e end
compa men
Eu ophica ion, e es ial
[mol N eq]
TEUT
Accumula ed Exceedance
– AE
Human oxici y, cance
[CTUh]
HTOXc
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o humans
Human oxici y, cance -
ino ganics
[CTUh]
HTOXci
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o humans
Human oxici y, cance -
o ganics
[CTUh]
HTOXco
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o humans
Human oxici y, non-
cance
[CTUh]
HTOXnc
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o humans
Human oxici y, non-
cance - ino ganics
[CTUh]
HTOXnci
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o humans
Human oxici y, non-
cance - o ganics
[CTUh]
HTOXnco
Compa a i e Toxic Uni
o humans
Ionising adia ion
[kBq U235 eq]
IORAD
Human exposu e
e iciency ela i e o U235
Land use
[P ]
LUP
Soil quali y index3
3
Rep esen ing he agg ega ed impac o land use on: Bio ic p oduc ion; E osion esis ance; Mechanical il a ion; G oundwa e eplenishmen .
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 20
Impac ca ego y
Uni
Ac onym
Impac indica o
Ozone deple ion]
[kg CFC11 eq
ODEPL
Ozone Deple ion
Po en ial – ODP
Pho ochemical ozone
o ma ion
[kg NMVOC eq]
PCHEM
T oposphe ic ozone
concen a ion inc ease
Resou ce use, ossils
[MJ]
ADEPL
Abio ic esou ce
deple ion, ossil uels –
ADP- ossil
Resou ce use, mine als
and me als
[kg Sb eq]
ADEPLmu
Abio ic esou ce
deple ion, ossil uels –
ADP-ul ima e ese es
Wa e use
[m3 dep i .]
WDEPL
Weigh ed use
dep i a ion po en ial
Among hese indica o s, a selec ion is applied in o de o conside he mos ele an o he de ailed
discussion o esul s p o ided in chap e 0: indeed, hese 15 indica o s (yellow-highlig hened) a e
be e co ela ed wi h he opic o he analysis (i.e. ene gy p oduc ion sys ems); hus, esul s o he
LCA will be e e enced o his selec ion indica o s. Anyway, o a comple e o e iew o he LCA
analysis, comple e esul ables including whole EF 3.1 lis o indica o s a e epo ed in he Annex
sec ion (chap e 9) o his documen .
Mo eo e , in line wi h (ISO14044, 2006) egula ions, he LCIA should include he ollowing calcula ion
ac ions:
• Classi ica ion: o ganisa ion and combina ion o LCIA esul s in o impac ca ego ies. This
ac ion is manda o y;
• Cha ac e iza ion: LCIA esul s a e ca ego ized and ans o med in o impac s, acco ding o a
speci ic me hodology selec ed. This ac ion is manda o y;
• No maliza ion: calcula ion o he magni ude o ca ego y indica o esul s ela i e o
e e ence in o ma ion. This ac ion is op ional;
• Weighing: con e sion o indica o esul s om di e en impac ca ego ies by using nume ical
ac o s. This ac ion is op ional.
In he p esen LCA s udy, only classi ica ion and cha ac e iza ion a e applied du ing LCIA.
Rega ding LCC impac assessmen , he LCC model is buil s a ing om he in en o y analysis, hen
all cos s o each phase o he li e cycle should be quan i ied and ela ed o he unc ional uni . Thus,
cos con ibu ions o he o al cos o he analyzed p oduc should be e alua ed: he analysis, indeed,
may include ho spo iden i ica ion, ne p esen alue (NPV) analysis, calcula ion o payback pe iod
and b eak-e en poin as well as sensi i i y analysis, depending on he p emises de ined in he Goal
and Scope. In pa icula , ho spo iden i ica ion is enabled by a Cos B eakdown S uc u e (CBS), an
essen ial ool which p o ides a hie a chical amewo k o ca ego izing and o ganising all cos
elemen s associa ed wi h a p oduc , sys em, o s uc u e o e i s li e cycle. CBS helps in
unde s anding he dis ibu ion o cos s and iden i ying key-cos d i e s.
Finally, he impac assessmen in S-LCA s a s wi h he modeling o he sys em on a dedica ed
so wa e (e.g. openLCA), using he a ailable lib a ies o da abases (e.g. PSILCA) which co ela e he
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 21
ene gy and ma e ials lows wi h cos da a. Th ough an app oach simila o LCA co ela ion,
meaning ul social pe o mance indica o s a e pu in ela ion wi h he economical alue-chain o
inpu /ou pu lows a coun y le el, exp essing he po en ial social e ec s ac oss he p oduc ’s
li ecycle. F om he o ganisa ional-le el app oach, ins ead, da a he in en o y sou ces is p ocessed
and ans o med in o a s anda dised e e ence scale (e.g. 1 o 6 anking o simila ), de ining he wo s
and bes pe o mances. Then, po en ial classi ica ion, cha ac e iza ion, con e sion and, some imes,
no malising and weigh ing o hese impac s a e applied o unde s and hei signi icance in ela ion o
he selec ed s akeholde s. Fo he p esen s udy, a combina ion o coun y- and o ganisa ional-le el
app oaches is applied o he S-LCA analysis, which ensu es bo h b oad con ex ual ele ance and
p ecise o ganiza ional applicabili y, add essing po en ial gaps be ween gene al indica o s and he
unique cha ac e is ics o indi idual o ganiza ions.
In conclusion, all he impac assessmen s could include:
• a ho spo (o con ibu ional) analysis, i.e. a b eakdown e alua ion o he mos ele an d i e
in he global impac s,
• a sensi i i y analysis, i.e. a ocused s udy whe e some pa ame e s a e uned in o de o
e alua e hei in luence on he global impac s.
The ob ained esul s a e analyzed and in e p e ed in he inal pa o he sus ainabili y s udy.
2.4 In e p e a ion o esul s
The las phase o he impac assessmen is he in e p e a ion o esul s ob ained by LCIA. The analysis
aims o e iew he esul s in ligh o iden i ica ion, quan i ica ion, checking, and alida ion o
in o ma ion ob ained along he s udy. Acco ding o (ISO14044, 2006) s anda ds, he in e p e a ion
should conside :
• Iden i ica ion: esul s should be o ganized ou lining he signi ican issues, consis en ly wi h
he goal and scope de ini ion;
• E alua ion: esul s o he e alua ion should be p esen ed h ough a clea and
unde s andable iew, which is speci ic o he ype o p oduc analyzed/s udy pe o med;
• Conclusions, limi a ions, and ecommenda ions: in he end, he s udy should d aw
conclusions, iden i y limi a ions, and make ecommenda ions o he LCA add essees.
This phase o en d aw a se o lessons lea n o imp o ing en i onmen al, economic o social
pe o mance, which may in ol e changes in ma e ials selec ion, p oduc ion p ocess, use habi s,
p o ide s loca ion, sou cing p ac ices, wo king condi ions, o communi y engagemen s a egies. By
p o iding a comp ehensi e analysis and ac ionable insigh s, he in e p e a ion phase empowe s he
s akeholde s o implemen mo e sus ainable p ac ices.

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 22
3 Desc ip ion o he analysed Business cases o LCA & LCC
In his s udy he LCA and he LCC me hodology a e execu ed o assess he en i onmen al and economic
sus ainabili y o he echnologies de eloped in he HYPERGRYD p ojec conside ing hei po en ial
applica ion in he En ipa k and Sonnepla z dis ic s, which a e wo o he LiLs (Li e-in labs) s udied in
he b oade scope o he p ojec . The coupling o each echnology wi h he sui able LiL cons i u es he
Business case o he assessmen s, which se s he geog aphical and ene gy bounda ies o he
analyses.
3.1 Business case 1: Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h s eam engine and s eam
bu e - En ipa k
The HYPERGRYD echnology s udied in his use case is he Re e sible CHP wi h S eam Engine. This
Combined Hea and Powe (CHP) sys em ope a es in a e e sible mode, i.e. i can swi ch be ween
elec ici y and he mal ene gy p oduc ion based on demand. The s eam engine-based con igu a ion
enhances e iciency by eco e ing and exploi ing was e hea , educing ene gy was e and emissions.
The ollowing igu e shows a pic u e o he p o o ype de eloped by Rano o .
Figu e 2: he CHP uni de eloped by RANOTOR
In his s udy he CHP is i ually applied o he En ipa k Dis ic , loca ed in Tu in, I aly. En ipa k is an
Inno a ion accele a o hub aiming o pa ne wi h en e p ises engaged in implemen ing eco-cleane
and eco-e icien solu ions. Sha eholde s a e local ins i u ions and u ili y companies ope a ing in he
ene gy and clean ech sec o . In pa icula , he complex consis s o n.10 buildings, including n.5 o ice
buildings, n.4 labo a o ies, and a can een, all in e connec ed by an in e nal dis ibu ion ne wo k o
elec ici y, hea ing, and cooling.
The assessmen s adop a compa a i e app oach be ween h ee Scena ios: he Baseline e lec s he
cu en si ua ion a En ipa k, in e ms o ene gy asse s and ene gy consump ions, he CHPs Scena io
conside s he po en ial applica ion o a sui able numbe o uni s, while he CHPs & HRES Scena io
combines he CHPs wi h a high enewable ene gy sha e.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 23
Figu e 3: En ipa k Technological Pa k (En i onmen Pa k, 2025)
The ollowing able b ie ly desc ibes he ene gy asse s in he h ee analysed Scena ios. Addi ionally
nume ical de ails a e p o ided in he LCA and LCC in en o y ables in he espec i e pa ag aph.
Table 3.1 De ails on Ene gy Supply and P oduc ion asse s o he di e en Scena ios analysed in Business case 1.
Scena io
Ene gy supply and p oduc ion
Baseline
Hea ing: p o ided by he DH (Dis ic Hea ing)
ne wo k o he Ci y o Tu in o he in e nal
hea ing g id h ough wo hea exchange s.
Sola Ene gy is p oduced by a PV To em (16 kW)
only o sel -consump ion.
U ban mini-hyd oelec ic plan (480 kW)
p oducing 1,700 MWh elec ici y cu en ly sold
o he na ional g id.
CHPs
As in he baseline Scena io, addi ionally
in eg a ing 3 CHPs uni s wi h he echnical
ea u es o he one de eloped in he p ojec
(5kWe 20kW h)
CHP & HRES
Ad in he CHPs Scena io, plus 120 kW PV and
using he mini-hyd oelec ic plan jus o sel -
consump ion. In his Scena io he elec ici y
p o ided by he na ional g is is d as ically
educed.
3.2 Business case 2: So p ion S o age - Sonnenpla z
The assessed HYPERGRYD echnology is he So p ion-based The mal Ene gy S o age (STES). The STES
uses adso p ion and deso p ion p ocesses o s o e and elease hea wi h minimal ene gy losses. This
echnology enhances seasonal ene gy s o age capaci y, con ibu ing o g ea e lexibili y in dis ic
hea ing and cooling ne wo ks. The de eloped echnology as i w as ins alled a KEZO Lab ( he hi d LiL
o he p ojec , no assessed in he p esen s udy) is shown in he nex Figu e.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 24
Figu e 4: Ins alla ion o he STES sys em a KEZO Lab
The s udy in es iga es he po en ial applica ion o he sys em in he Sonnenpla z Dis ic , loca ed in
G oßschönau, Aus ia. I is an ene gy ci izenship example wi h he aim o popula ising ene gy-e icien
and sus ainable cons uc ion and eno a ion. Cus ome s a e esiden ial houses, and comme cial and
public buildings.
Figu e 5: Sonnenpla z, G ossShoenau dis ic (Sonnenpla z, 2025)
Nex able epo s some in o ma ion on he des ina ion o each building included in he dis ic , as well
as he ne and g oss loo a ea.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 25
Table 3.2: Technical in o ma ion on he Sonnenpla z dis ic
Building N°
GFA o
hea ed
a ea in (m²)
NFA o
hea ed a ea
(m²)
ype o building
households
esiden s
employees
a e age
daily
isi o s
1.0
683
478
public
4
30
2.0
441
309
public
2
10
3.0
674
472
public
10
60
4.0
2349
1.644
public/comme cial
66
110
5.0
160
112
public
4
6.0
338
237
comme cial
1
1
3
40
7.0
1610
1.127
ho el
1
2
2
14
8.0
2292
1.604
o ice, exhibi ion
7
136
9.0
226
158
esiden ial
1
1
10.0
246
172
esiden ial
1
4
11.0
193
135
esiden ial
1
2
12.0
408
286
esiden ial/ a m
2
6
13.0
368
258
esiden ial
1
4
14.0
1.508
1.056
indus ial
1
3
6
15.0
380
266
public
1
1
2
16.0
160
112
public
6
17.0
303
212
esiden ial
2
4
18.0
187
131
esiden ial
1
2
19.0
254
178
esiden ial
2
4
20.0
172
120
esiden ial
1
1
21.0
212
148
esiden ial
1
1
22.0
1.309
916
esiden ial
15
24
23.0
415
291
esiden ial
5
7
24.0
193
135
esiden ial
1
1
In his business case he sys em bounda ies a e es ic ed o buildings 7,8,10,11,12,13 because o he
o he buildings da a on he ene gy p oduc ion and consump ions wi h a minu e esolu ion we e no
a ailable and we e needed o pe o m simula ion on he po en ial adop ion o he STES Sys em. A
compa a i e pe spec i e is adop ed be ween a Baseline Scena io and he STES Scena io. The wo a e
desc ibed in he able below.
Table 3.3: De ails on Ene gy Supply and P oduc ion asse s o he di e en Scena ios analysed in Business case 2.
Scena io
Ene gy supply and p oduc ion
Baseline
Dis an hea ing sys em o he Municipali y o
G oßschönau based on biomass as hea sou ce
Sola Ene gy is p oduced by mul iple PV plan s,
which a e pa ially employed o sel
consump ions and excess ene gy sold o he g id.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 32
4.1.3 Impac Assessmen
This sec ion desc ibes he en i onmen al impac assessmen esul s ob ained 1s business case o
HYPERGRYD p ojec . In Table 4.4 he esul s o he LCA s udy a e epo ed o he h ee compa ed
scena ios.
Table 4.4: Compa a i e LCA esul s o En ipa k ‘Baseline’, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena ios (25 yea s)
Impac Ca ego ies
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs &
HRES
Del a %
CHP-
Baseline
Del a %
CHP&HRES-
Baseline
Acidi ica ion [mol H+ eq]
2.04E+05
2.00E+05
1.28E+05
-2%
-38%
Clima e change [kg CO2 eq]
6.28E+07
6.10E+07
4.65E+07
-3%
-26%
Clima e change - Biogenic [kg CO2 eq]
1.33E+05
1.31E+05
7.42E+04
-2%
-44%
Clima e change - Fossil [kg CO2 eq]
6.26E+07
6.09E+07
4.64E+07
-3%
-26%
Clima e change - Land use and LU change
[kg CO2 eq]
4.37E+04
4.33E+04
2.49E+04
-1%
-43%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 1 [CTUe]
5.45E+07
6.14E+07
4.21E+07
11%
-20%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 2 [CTUe]
4.60E+07
4.59E+07
3.29E+07
0%
-28%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - ino ganics [CTUe]
9.44E+07
1.01E+08
7.12E+07
7%
-23%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.1 [CTUe]
1.17E+06
1.18E+06
8.53E+05
0%
-27%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.2 [CTUe]
4.94E+06
4.92E+06
2.96E+06
0%
-40%
Pa icula e ma e [disease inc.]
7.97E-01
8.03E-01
5.08E-01
1%
-36%
Eu ophica ion, ma ine [kg N eq]
3.41E+04
3.33E+04
2.26E+04
-2%
-34%
Eu ophica ion, eshwa e [kg P eq]
1.08E+03
1.06E+03
6.22E+02
-1%
-42%
Eu ophica ion, e es ial [mol N eq]
3.82E+05
3.73E+05
2.52E+05
-2%
-34%
Human oxici y, cance [CTUh]
1.49E-02
1.51E-02
9.70E-03
1%
-34%
Human oxici y, cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
1.04E-02
1.05E-02
6.73E-03
1%
-35%
Human oxici y, cance - o ganics [CTUh]
4.56E-03
4.63E-03
2.97E-03
1%
-34%
Human oxici y, non-cance [CTUh]
3.44E-01
3.42E-01
2.26E-01
-1%
-34%
Human oxici y, non-cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
3.26E-01
3.24E-01
2.13E-01
-1%
-35%
Human oxici y, non-cance - o ganics [CTUh]
1.78E-02
1.77E-02
1.27E-02
-1%
-29%
Ionising adia ion [kBq U-235 eq]
1.64E+06
1.62E+06
9.14E+05
-1%
-44%
Land use [P ]
2.18E+08
2.14E+08
1.23E+08
-2%
-44%
Ozone deple ion [kg CFC11 eq]
1.15E+01
1.09E+01
8.59E+00
-5%
-25%
Pho ochemical ozone o ma ion [kg NMVOC eq]
1.15E+05
1.12E+05
7.86E+04
-2%
-31%
Resou ce use, ossils [MJ]
9.76E+08
9.45E+08
7.15E+08
-3%
-27%
Resou ce use, mine als and me als [kg Sb eq]
3.35E+02
3.33E+02
2.32E+02
0%
-31%
Wa e use [m3 dep i .]
3.20E+07
3.13E+07
1.81E+07
-2%
-44%
Resul s clea ly indica es ha he wo inno a i e scena ios a e ad an ageous om en i onmen al
poin o iew wi h espec o he baseline con igu a ion a En ipa k. Indeed, CHP sys em sligh epo s
a educ ion o impac s wi h an a e age sa ing o 2%, while he combina ion o CHP wi h a HRES
sys em is s ongly con enien , de e mining an a e age educ ion o 34% o impac s wi h espec o
he benchma k scena io. A clea ep esen a ion o hese ou comes is gi en in he cha o Figu e 7.

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 33
Figu e 7: Compa a i e LCA esul s o En ipa k ‘Baseline’, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena ios
The compa a i e LCA s udy o he En ipa k business case con i ms ha in oducing inno a i e
HYPERGRYD solu ions is p o icien in e ms o he en i onmen al impac s o he dis ic a ea. Indeed,
all impac indica o s epo a educ ion o bu dens associa ed wi h he use o no el CHPs. Conside ing
he well-known Clima e Change indica o , indeed, he CHP sys em enables a educ ion a ound 3% o
impac s, which is e en highe when combining his echnology wi h HRES sys em, achie ing 26% o
GWP educ ion, which is a ou s anding esul . This educ ion end could be obse ed in almos all
impac indica o s selec ed o he s udy: in ac , simila ly o Clima e change, he imp o emen ac ion
o combining CHP no el sys em wi h HRES echnology enables a global educ ion o almos 34% in
mos all he impac indica o s, while he s and-alone CHP de e mines only a sligh educ ion (2-3%)
o bu dens wi h espec o baseline.
Figu e 8 p o ides a deepe insigh in o he he b eakdown o con ibu ions o En ipa k use case.
He e, ho spo analysis is applied o he h ee di e en scena ios o selec ed and mos ele an
impac indica o s.
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
99%
99%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
98,10%
97,17%
98,14%
97,17%
99,04%
100,00%
100,00%
99,45%
98,62%
98,11%
94,88%
98,01%
96,84%
99,51%
97,89%
62,44%
73,99%
55,68%
74,04%
56,99%
63,32%
64,11%
65,63%
55,70%
56,31%
74,98%
68,51%
73,32%
69,48%
56,45%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Acidi ica ion [mol H+ eq]
Clima e change [kg CO2 eq]
Clima e change -
Biogenic [kg CO2 eq]
Clima e change -
Fossil [kg CO2 eq]
Clima e change -
Land use and LU change [kg CO2 eq]
Pa icula e ma e [disease inc.]
Human oxici y, cance [CTUh]
Human oxici y, non-cance [CTUh]
Ionising adia ion [kBq U-235 eq]
Land use [P ]
Ozone deple ion [kg CFC11 eq]
Pho ochemical ozone
o ma ion [kg NMVOC eq]
Resou ce use, ossils [MJ]
Resou ce use,
mine als and me als [kg Sb eq]
Wa e use [m3 dep i .]
Hype g yd CHPs & HRES Hype g yd CHPs Baseline
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 34
Figu e 8 Compa a i e LCA esul s o En ipa k ‘Baseline’, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHPs & HRES’ Scena ios wi h he con ibu ion o he
di e en ene gy u ili ies.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
Pa icula e
ma e
Human oxici y,
cance
Human oxici y,
non-cance
Ionising
adia ion Land use Ozone deple ion
Pho ochemical
ozone o ma ion
Resou ce use,
ossils
Resou ce use,
mine als and
me als Wa e use
Municipal Dis ic Hea ing Elec ici y Na ional G id Elec ici y om Hyd oelec ic
Elec ici y om PV Elec ici y om small size CHP Hea om small size CHP
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 35
The cha poin s ou ha he mos ele an con ibu ion in all scena ios is Elec ici y na ional g id,
ha ing he highes impac sha es o all ca ego ies. This esul , de e mined by he speci ic ene gy
demand in En ipa k dis ic , deeply a ec s he impac indica o s. On he o he hand, a ele an ole is
also gi en o Municipal dis ic hea ing sys em, which speci ically p e ails in Ozone deple ion indica o ,
p obably because o he ole o i s alue-chain (e.g. use o chemicals).
4.2 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age
4.2.1 Goal and scope
Goal: This LCA s udy aims o e alua e he en i onmen al bene i s and/o bu dens a ising om he
implemen a ion o he So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age in he Sonnenpla z dis ic . I adop s a
compa a i e pe spec i e be ween a Baseline and he p ojec Scena io (STES Scena io).
Sys em Bounda ies: The LCA assessmen is solely limi ed o he use phase o he dis ic 's ene gy
consump ion encompassing all ac i i ies ela ed o he gene a ion (e.g. biomass p oduc ion),
dis ibu ion, and consump ion o ene gy wi hin he dis ic .
Func ional Uni : The unc ional uni o his assessmen is de ined as he o al ene gy consumed by
he dis ic o e a 25-yea pe iod.
Tempo al Scope: The assessmen will co e a 25-yea s ime ame, om 2030 o 2055.
Geog aphical Scope: The geog aphical scope is limi ed o he po ion o he dis ic desc ibed in
pa ag aph 3.2 (buildings 7,8,10,11,12,13).
Assump ions and Limi a ions: The assessmen assumes ha he ene gy consump ion pa e ns emain
consis en o e 25-yea s.
The ene gy lows ha would emain unchanged upon he in oduc ion o he new echnology a e
conside ed a cu -o .
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 36
4.2.2 In en o ies
In his pa ag aph he LCA In en o y ables o Business case 2 o he Baseline and STES scena io a e disclosed. The quan i ica ion o he seasonal
lows o he Baseline scena io was p o ided by Sonnenpla z while he STES scena io was buil wi h he help o CNR and SORTEC.
Table 4.5: LCA In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’ Scena io
Flow
Uni
Win e
Sp ing
Summe
Au umn
To al a e age
yea
To al 25 yea s
Da ase
Ene gy consump ion
Hea consump ion - Biomass
MJ
248544
143424
70963
199987
662918
16572960
AT: Hea , cen al o small-scale, o he
han na u al gas | hea and powe co-
gene a ion, biogas, gas engine | APOS,
U. Ecoin en 3.10
Hea consump ion – Oil i ed boile
MJ
288
173
346
7200
8006
200160
Eu ope wi hou Swi ze land: hea
p oduc ion, ligh uel oil, a boile
100kW, non-modula ing | APOS, U.
Ecoin en 3.10
Ene gy p oduc ion on si e - Renewable
PV
kWhe
7657
19008
25617
11301
63584
1589592
AT: elec ici y p oduc ion,
pho o ol aic, 3kWp slan ed- oo
ins alla ion, single-Si, panel, moun ed |
APOS, U. Ecoin en 3.10
PV sel consump ion
%
62
50
48
50
51
51
-
PV o he g id
%
38
50
52
50
49
49
-
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 37
Table 4.6: LCA In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z ‘So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age( STES)’ Scena io
Flow
Uni
Win e
Sp ing
Summe
Au umn
To al a e age
yea
To al 25 yea s
Da ase
Ene gy consump ion
Hea consump ion - Biomass
MJ
215505
109731
45826
155647
526708
13167701
AT: Hea , cen al o small-scale, o he
han na u al gas | hea and powe co-
gene a ion, biogas, gas engine | APOS,
U. Ecoin en 3.10
Hea consump ion – Oil i ed boile
MJ
250
132
223
5604
6209
155219
Eu ope wi hou Swi ze land: hea
p oduc ion, ligh uel oil, a boile
100kW, non-modula ing | APOS, U.
Ecoin en 3.10
Ene gy p oduc ion on si e - Renewable
PV
kWhe
7657
19008
25617
11301
63584
1589592
AT: elec ici y p oduc ion,
pho o ol aic, 3kWp slan ed- oo
ins alla ion, single-Si, panel, moun ed
| APOS, U. Ecoin en 3.10
PV sel consump ion
%
97
97
96
96
97
97
-
PV o he g id
%
3
3
4
4
3
3
-

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 38
4.2.3 Impac Assessmen
This sec ion discusses he esul s o he Li e Cycle Assessmen on he business case 2, conside ing
baseline and inno a i e scena ios. The ollowing able shows he en i onmen al esul s o he wo
Scena ios o e a 25 yea s pe iod as well as he pe cen age di e ence be ween hem.
Table 4.7: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’, ‘STES’ Scena ios (25 yea s)
Impac Ca ego ies
Baseline
STES
Del a % STES-Baseline
Acidi ica ion [mol H+ eq]
2.91E+03
2.56E+03
-12%
Clima e change [kg CO2 eq]
3.31E+05
2.96E+05
-10%
Clima e change - Biogenic [kg CO2 eq]
2.48E+04
1.98E+04
-20%
Clima e change - Fossil [kg CO2 eq]
2.99E+05
2.71E+05
-9%
Clima e change - Land use and LU change
[kg CO2 eq]
6.56E+03
5.28E+03
-19%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 1 [CTUe]
2.86E+06
2.42E+06
-16%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 2 [CTUe]
1.54E+06
1.40E+06
-10%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - ino ganics [CTUe]
3.90E+06
3.39E+06
-13%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.1 [CTUe]
2.27E+05
1.92E+05
-16%
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.2 [CTUe]
2.87E+05
2.36E+05
-18%
Pa icula e ma e [disease inc.]
2.23E-02
1.99E-02
-11%
Eu ophica ion, ma ine [kg N eq]
6.71E+02
5.71E+02
-15%
Eu ophica ion, eshwa e [kg P eq]
1.98E+01
1.80E+01
-9%
Eu ophica ion, e es ial [mol N eq]
6.98E+03
5.95E+03
-15%
Human oxici y, cance [CTUh]
4.65E-04
4.18E-04
-10%
Human oxici y, cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
3.35E-04
2.97E-04
-11%
Human oxici y, cance - o ganics [CTUh]
1.30E-04
1.21E-04
-7%
Human oxici y, non-cance [CTUh]
1.45E-02
1.33E-02
-8%
Human oxici y, non-cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
1.40E-02
1.28E-02
-8%
Human oxici y, non-cance - o ganics [CTUh]
4.66E-04
4.29E-04
-8%
Ionising adia ion [kBq U-235 eq]
1.67E+04
1.47E+04
-12%
Land use [P ]
8.91E+06
7.23E+06
-19%
Ozone deple ion [kg CFC11 eq]
8.48E-02
7.10E-02
-16%
Pho ochemical ozone o ma ion [kg NMVOC eq]
1.44E+03
1.28E+03
-11%
Resou ce use, ossils [MJ]
3.60E+06
3.30E+06
-8%
Resou ce use, mine als and me als [kg Sb eq]
1.52E+01
1.49E+01
-2%
Wa e use [m3 dep i .]
1.68E+06
1.36E+06
-19%
The LCA da a epo s ha he no el echnology (STES) enables a ne educ ion o en i onmen al
impac s o he Sonnenpla z dis ic in all he impac ca ego ies selec ed o he s udy. In pa icula ,
Clima e change exp esses -10% o bu dens and he highes alues a e ou lined o Wa e use (-19%),
Land use (-19%) and Eco oxici y, eshwa e (-18%). Figu e 9 clea ly ep esen s hese esul s.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 39
Figu e 9: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’and ‘STES’ Scena ios
The cha clea ly demons a es ha he in oduc ion o he STES sys em is bene icial o he
en i onmen , because i de e mines an a e age educ ion o 20% o bu dens associa ed wi h he use
phase a Sonnenpla z dis ic . Reduc ion o impac s, indeed, could be associa ed wi h a be e
selec ion o ene gy s o age sys ems and p ope managemen o he ene gy demand o e he en i e
li e cycle.
In o de o be e highligh he impo ance o each inpu in he o e all impac dis ibu ion, a ho spo
analysis is applied in Figu e 10.
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
88,17%
89,62%
79,90%
90,62%
80,50%
88,98%
89,77%
91,55%
88,17%
81,12%
83,77%
88,85%
91,66%
98,05%
80,90%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Acidi ica ion [mol H+ eq]
Clima e change [kg CO2 eq]
Clima e change -
Biogenic [kg CO2 eq]
Clima e change -
Fossil [kg CO2 eq]
Clima e change -
Land use and LU change [kg CO2 eq]
Pa icula e ma e [disease inc.]
Human oxici y, cance [CTUh]
Human oxici y, non-cance [CTUh]
Ionising adia ion [kBq U-235 eq]
Land use [P ]
Ozone deple ion [kg CFC11 eq]
Pho ochemical ozone
o ma ion [kg NMVOC eq]
Resou ce use, ossils [MJ]
Resou ce use,
mine als and me als [kg Sb eq]
Wa e use [m3 dep i .]
STES Baseline
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 40
Figu e 10: Compa a i e LCA esul s o Sonnenpla z ‘Baseline’and ‘STES’ Scena ios wi h he con ibu ion o he di e en
ene gy u ili ies.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Acidi ica io
n [mol H+
eq]
Clima e
change [kg
CO2 eq]
Clima e
change -
Biogenic
[kg CO2 eq]
Clima e
change -
Fossil [kg
CO2 eq]
Clima e
change -
Land use
and LU
change [kg
CO2 eq]
Pa icula e
ma e
[disease
inc.]
Human
oxici y,
cance
[CTUh]
Human
oxici y,
non-cance
[CTUh]
Ionising
adia ion
[kBq U-235
eq]
Land use
[P ]
Ozone
deple ion
[kg CFC11
eq]
Pho ochem
ical ozone
o ma ion
[kg NMVOC
eq]
Resou ce
use, ossils
[MJ]
Resou ce
use,
mine als
and me als
[kg Sb eq]
Wa e use
[m3
dep i .]
Hea om Biomass Hea om oil Elec ici y om PV
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 41
The b eakdown analysis indica es ha he signi ican con ibu ion o impac s is Hea p oduced om
biomass, ollowed by Elec ici y om PV, ha ing also a high sha e o bu dens. In ac , in all he impac
indica o s he p e alence o Biomass hea is ou lined, o en coun e pai ed by he PV Elec ici y: his
e idence is due o he inpu ene gy mix o Sonnenpla z STES dis ic , in which hese wo ene gy
sou ces p e ail. In ac , he ole o o he sou ces (e.g. Hea om oil) is less ele an o , in some
ca ego ies, qui e negligible.
F om a gene al poin o iew, he ho spo analysis con i ms ha he consump ions (and, in u n,
bu dens) o he STES no el sys ems a e lowe han hose o he benchma k, which is a posi i e esul .
Consequen ly, he LCA s udy p o es ha he STES echnology is a mo e con enien and sus ainable
ene gy solu ion o he Sonnenpla z dis ic in baseline scena io.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 48
In pa icula , while he implemen a ion o he HPs ensu es a ema kable educ ion o he
en i onmen al bu dens in he Clima e Change – Biogenic indica o s (by b eaking he dependence on
he biomass boile s), he elec i ica ion causes an excess o elec ici y consump ions om he g id
ha in he p esen ed ene gy mix o Aus ia causes an inc ease in he Clima e Change – Fossil ha is
also e lec ed in he Clima e Change – To al indica o . This issue could in pa be mi iga ed by making
in e nal use o he excess PV which oday is sold o he na ional g id oday, and expanding he sola
pa k.

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 49
5 LCC o HYPERGRYD echnologies
This chap e epo s he Li e Cycle Cos ing applied o he h ee business cases o he HYPERGRYD
p ojec . P emises, in en o y and esul s a e discussed below.
5.1 Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h s eam engine and s eam bu e
5.1.1 Goal and scope
Goal: The Goal o he analysis is o e alua e he economic impac s o implemen ing he mic o-CHP
uni s, and e en ually achie ing highe sha e o enewable ene gy in he En ipa k dis ic A
compa a i e pe spec i e is adop ed be ween a Baseline and he wo p ojec Scena ios (CHPs Scena io
and CHP & HRES Scena io). This compa ison aims o p o ide insigh s in o he economic iabili y o e
25 yea s.
Sys em Bounda ies: The LCC analysis will ocus on he inancial aspec s o he ene gy dis ic , including
CAPEX, OPEX, and e enues, om he supply o new equipmen s and hei use o he e e ence pe iod.
Sys em decomissioning is excluded.
Func ional Uni : The unc ional uni o his assessmen is de ined as he o al ene gy consumed and
p oduced by he dis ic o e 25 yea s.
The pe spec i e adop ed in he one o he inal use .
Geog aphical Scope and Tempo al Scope: As pe he LCA s udy.
Assump ions and Limi a ions: The assessmen assumes ha he ene gy consump ion pa e ns emain
unchanged o e he 25-yea s pe iod.
The ene gy lows which would emain unchanged upon in oducing he new echnology a e conside ed
a cu -o . The same applies o he Capex and Main enance cos o he equipmen ha would s ay in
place o bo h Scena ios (p e-exis ing PV and Hyd o-plan , dis ic hea ing in e nal ne wo k).
Ene gy p ices and eed-in a i s o he g id a e assumed o emain cons an o e he 25-yea pe iod.
The e e ence alue is he a e age ene gy p ice o e a long pe iod o accoun o cyclical p ice
luc ua ions.
5.1.2 In en o ies
This pa ag aph epo s he economic and echnical pa ame e s unde lying he LCC analysis.
RANOTOR p o ided da a on he selling p ice, ins alla ion and main enance o he CHPs uni s. Da a on
addi ional PV we e es ima ed wi h he help o R2M.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 50
Table 5.1: LCC In en o y Table o En ipa k ’Baseline, ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHP & RES’ Scena ios
Flow
Baseline
Scena io
CHPs
Scena io
CHPs&HRES
Scena io
Uni
No e/ Da a sou ce
Nominal Powe o he CHP
-
5/20
5/20
kWe/kW h
Numbe o Sys em o be ins alled
-
3
3
-
Li e-span o he CHP
-
15
15
yea s
Nominal Powe o he PV Sys em
-
-
219
kWe
1 Sys em 19 kWe plus 2
Sys ems 20 kWe
Li e-span o he PV
-
-
25
yea s
Capex
Ini ial Capex 1 CHP
-
12.500
12.500
Eu
I includes ins alla ion
cos s.
To al Capex, 3 CHPs, 25 yea s
62.500
62.500
Eu
Ini ial Capex PV
-
250.000
Eu
Opex
Main enance o he CHPs uni s, 25 yea s
-
29.646
29.646
Eu
Yea ly Ope a ional
hou s:4392 (P ima y
da a);Main enance cos :
0.018 Eu /kWh (Bu gis,
2025) ;
Main enance cos PV
-
-
5.500
Eu
2% o he Ini ial cos o
small size; 1% o he ini ial
cos o big size (SOLAR
FAQs, 2025);
To al Cos o ene gy
15.912.033
15.556.786
10.829.762
Eu
See Annex 9.2.1
Re enues
To al Re enues
2.940.475
2.940.475
0
Eu
Hyd o ene gy o he g id.
See Annex 9.2.1
5.1.3 Impac Assessmen
This sec ion epo s he economic impac assessmen analysis on En ipa k (Tu in, IT), which is he 1s
use case o he HYPERGRYD p ojec . En ipa k includes a e e sible mic o-CHP sys em wi h a s eam
engine and s eam bu e . In Figu e 13 he global esul s o he LCC s udy a e epo ed o he h ee
compa ed scena ios. The cha s p esen s he o al cos s o each o he h ee En ipa k scena ios. In
pa icula , he baseline and CHPs con igu a ion ha e e y simila ou comes: indeed, he cos s a e only
inpu able o Opex and hey ha e simila ex en ; mo eo e , hese scena ios also include a good sha e
o Re enues ob ained om he elec ici y sold o he g id. The o he inno a i e scena io (CHPs
&HRES) p esen s a mino cos o he in es men (Capex) equi ed o he new echnology, while he
Ope a ional cos s a e lowe han p e ious scena ios.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 51
Figu e 13: Compa a i e LCC esul s o he En ipa k use case
To be e unde s and he con ibu ion o en ies o he inal cos s o he h ee di e en
con igu a ions, a ho spo analysis is applied and epo ed in Figu e 14.
Figu e 14: Ho spo analysis on LCC esul s o En ipa k use case
The con ibu ion analysis o En ipa k esul s ou lines ha he main cos d i e is he Pu chased
ene gy, which is mo e han 15000 k€ o bo h CHPs and baseline scena ios and almos 11000 k€ o
he combined con igu a ion (CHPs and HRES). The cos s ela ed o Capex a e null o negligible, and
main enance cos s a e e y low and no isible o he scale o he g aph. Finally, e enues o mo e
han 2500 k€ a e ou lined o baseline and CHPs scena ios. In conclusion, he wo CHPs inno a i e
scena ios a e compe i i e wi h espec o baseline: in ac , s and-alone CHPs ha e same Re enues as
baseline, wi h sligh ly lowe Opex, while he combina ion o CHPs & HRES has a mino sha e o Capex
o PV sys ems no Re enues, bu a e y lowe cos o he Pu chased ene gy. Fo his eason, hey
could be conside ed economically iable and sus ainable al e na i e o he baseline En ipa k
con igu a ion.
The In es men Pay back ime was calcula ed and epo ed in he nex Table, o be e exp ess he
economic iabili y o he wo p ojec s scena ios.
-5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
kEUR
Capex Opex Re enues
-5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs & HRES
kEUR
Capex CHPs Capex PV Main enance CHPs
Main enance PV Pu chased Ene gy Re enues
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 52
Table 5.2: Calcula ion o he In es men Payback ime o he Scena ios in es iga ed in business case 1.
Scena io
Opex – e enues (€)
Opex - e enues/yea
(€/yea )
Del a P ojec s.
Baseline (€/yea )
pay back
ime
(yea s)
Baseline
12.971.557
518.862
n.a
n.a
CHPs
12.645.956
505.838
-13.024
4.80
CHPs & HRES
10.864.908
434.596
-71.242
4.74
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 53
5.2 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age
5.2.1 Goal and scope
Goal: The Goal o he analysis is o e alua e he economic impac s o he implemen a ion o he
So p ion s o age in he Sonnenpla z dis ic . A compa a i e pe spec i e is adop ed be ween a Baseline
and he p ojec Scena io o p o ide insigh s in o he inancial iabili y o e 25 yea s.
Sys em Bounda ies: The LCC analysis will ocus on he inancial aspec s o he ene gy dis ic , including
CAPEX, OPEX, and e enues, om he supply o he new equipmen s and hei use o he e e ence
pe iod. Sys em decomissioning is excluded.
Func ional Uni : The unc ional uni o his assessmen is de ined as he o al ene gy consumed and
p oduced by he dis ic o e a 25-yea s pe iod.
Geog aphical Scope: as pe LCA.
Tempo al Scope Assump ions and Limi a ions: as pe business case 1.

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 54
5.2.2 In en o ies
Table 5.3: LCC In en o y Table o Sonnenpla z‘Baseline’and ‘So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age’ (STES) Scena io
Flow
Baseline
Scena io
So p ion The mal
S o age Scena io
Uni
No e/ Da a sou ce
Powe Ou pu o he HP
-
250
kW
Calcula ed in o de o co e
he he maximum s o ing
capaci y o he So p ion
S o age (750 KWh h ) in 3h.
Li e-span o he HP
15
yea s
Nominal Powe o he STES
-
5
kW
S o ing Capaci y needed
-
750
kWh h
P ima y da a om he
p ojec (CNR simula ion)
Numbe o STES needed
-
15
P ima y da a om he
p ojec (CNR simula ion):
To al s o ing capaci y needed
750 kWh h
Li e-span o he STES
-
25
yea s
Capex
Ini ial Capex HP
-
104.000 (Min)
1.040.000(Max)
572.000(A e age)
EUR
Equipmen cos a
manu ac u e : 100 o 1000
EUR/KW. P ojec cos =
4.16*Equipmen cos .
(Kosmadakis, 2020).A
sensi i i y aking in o
accoun he a iabili y o he
equipmen cos was
pe o med
To al Capex, HP, 25 yea s
-
173.333 (Min)
1.733.333(Max)
953.333(A e age)
EUR
Calcula ed om Ini ial Capex
mul iplied pe he a io
be ween he Re e ence
pe iod and echnology Li e
span (25/15=1.67)
To al Capex STES
-
236.250
(Equipmen )
6.480
(Ins alla on)
EUR
P ima y da a om SORTEC:
17500 EUR + 480 EUR o he
ins alla ion o a 5 kW Sys em.
To al Capex o 75 KW = Cos
o 15 Sys ems wi h a 10%
discoun .
Opex
Main enance HP
-
34.667 (Min)
3.467(Max)
19.067(A e age)
EUR
2% o he Equipmen Cos
(Kosmadakis, 2020)
Main enance STES
-
42.000
(Replacemen s)
54.250
(Man hou s)
Eu
P ima y da a om SORTEC:
Replacemen s:3500 EUR pe
5KW Sys em. Fo 15 Sys ems,
10% discoun .
Man hou s: 300 EUR/yea
(0.5h online, 2h in p esence)
o a 5 kW Sys em. Fo 15
Sys ems, 50% discoun .
To al Cos o ene gy
361034
286.798
Eu
See Annex 9.2.2
Re enues
To al Re enues
131752
92.230
Eu
PV o he g id; See Annex
Annex 9.2.2
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 55
5.2.3 Impac Assessmen
This sec ion epo s he economic impac assessmen analysis on So p ion S o age o he
Sonnenpla z (G oßschönau, AT) dis ic , which is he 2nd use case o he HYPERGRYD p ojec . The
con igu a ion includes he So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age (STES) sys em. In Figu e 15, he global
esul s o he LCC s udy a e epo ed conside ing h ee di e en scena ios o STES, because o a high
cos a iabili y p esen in he li e a u e o his echnology.
Figu e 15: Compa a i e LCC esul s o he Sonnenpla z STES use case
Resul s poin ou ha he inno a i e solu ions a e s ill no compe i i e wi h espec o he baseline
om an economic pe spec i e. Indeed, he high Capex expense o his echnology aises he inal
cos s o inno a i e con igu a ions, making hem less sus ainable han he benchma k. In his sense,
despi e he di e ence be ween he cu en ly a ailable in o, which led o a sensi i i y be ween highe
and lowe cos s epo ed in he li e a u e, he impac on he inal cos is he same. Mo eo e , a his
s age o a , STES scena ios do no enable a ema kable e enue, which is s ill e y low. On he o he
hand, Opex cos s a e almos simila be ween all he compa ed con igu a ions.
The b eakdown analysis o Figu e 16 epo s he con ibu ion cos analysis o Sonnenpla z STES
scena ios. In pa icula , he mos ele an en y cos o STES no el solu ions is ep esen ed by he
e y high Capex equi ed o he Hea Pump. As al eady obse ed, he cos a iabili y o his
equipmen is one o he limi a ions o he p esen assessmen , which is mi iga ed by he applied
sensi i i y analysis (max, a e age and min cos scena ios).
-500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Baseline
STES (min)
STES (medium)
STES (max)
kEUR
Capex Opex Re enues
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 56
Figu e 16: Ho spo analysis on LCC esul s o he Sonnenpla z STES use case
No el STES con igu a ions also includes he same sha e o Capex o he So p ion-TES (abou 2500
k€), which is close o he cos amoun o Pu chased ene gy (a ound 2300 k€). Main enance expenses
a e qui e low, while majo e enues a e only obse ed o he baseline scena ios.
In conclusion, he Sonnenpla z STES new con igu a ions, a his s age o a , a e no economically
iable no con enien conce ning baseline, because o highe cos s and no e enues: o imp o e hei
iabili y and sus ainabili y, an inc ease in he e enue incomes and he implemen a ion o he Hea
Pump cos s a e sugges ed, so as o educe he associa ed expendi u es wi h hei p o ision and
ins alla ion.
To be e exp ess he ob ained esul s a e also desc ibed in e ms o he Yea ly Del a be ween he
p ojec Opex + Re enues, and he same quan i y no malised o he numbe o use s exp essed as
he sum o households (5), o ice (1) and ho el (1) in he buildings which a e pa o he assessed
business case. As e iden om he da a epo ed in he ollowing able, he in es men is no paid
back in any o he analysed analyses in he p esen hypo hesis. E en wi h he hypo hesis o minimum
cos o he Hea Pumps, implemen a ing his Scena io would enhance he yea ly expenses by a
quan i y o 4545 EUR.
Table 5.4: Calcula ion o he In es men Payback ime o he Scena ios in es iga ed in business case 2.
Scena io
Cape/yea (€/yea )
Opex + e enues/yea
(€/yea )
Del a
P ojec s.
Baseline
(€/yea )
Del a Capex +
Opex P ojec s.
Baseline (€/yea
pe use )
pay back
ime
(yea s)
Baseline
0
9171
n.a
STES (max)
79.043
16420
+7.248
+13.637
No
payed
back
STES (min)
16.643
15172
+6.000
+4.545
No
payed
back
STES
(medium)
47.843
15.796
+6.624
+9.091
No
payed
back
-500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Baseline
STES (min)
STES (medium)
STES (max)
kEUR
Capex So p ion-TES Capex Hea Pump Main enance So p ion-TES
Main enance Hea Pump Pu chased Ene gy Re enues
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 57
5.3 Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m s o age
5.3.1 Goal and scope
Goal: The Goal o he analysis is o e alua e he economic impac s o implemen ing Modula Hea
Pumps wi h PCM S o age in he Sonnenpla z dis ic . A compa a i e pe spec i e is adop ed be ween
a Baseline and he p ojec Scena io o p o ide insigh s in o he economic iabili y o e a 25-yea
pe iod.
Sys em Bounda ies: The LCC analysis will ocus on he inancial aspec s o he ene gy dis ic , including
CAPEX, OPEX, and e enues, om he supply o new equipmen s and i s use o he e e ence pe iod.
Sys em decommissioning is excluded.
Func ional Uni : The unc ional uni o his assessmen is de ined as he o al ene gy consumed and
p oduced by he dis ic o e 25 yea s.
Geog aphical Scope: as pe LCA
Tempo al Scope Assump ions and Limi a ions: as pe business case 1 and 2.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 64
Addi ionally, he assignmen o a unc ional uni emains a challenge in S-LCA, as i is no easible o
base social impac e alua ions on s anda d physical uni s (e.g., kWh o ene gy o kg o p oduc )
commonly used in Li e Cycle Assessmen (LCA) o Li e Cycle Cos ing (LCC), especially du ing he
de elopmen phase o enabling echnologies.
The s udy also encoun e ed di icul ies in es ablishing a baseline o social pe o mance. This challenge
a ises om he complexi y o compa ing exis ing solu ions o inno a i e echnologies and he absence
o clea h esholds o pe o mance assessmen s (e.g., de e mining wha le el o child labou
cons i u es he "wo s " pe o mance sco e).
Mo eo e , due o he no el y o he RES-based enabling echnology, i was di icul o ob ain eliable
and comp ehensi e da a om o he li e cycle s ages, such as aw ma e ial ex ac ion, usage, and end-
o -li e managemen . Since he echnology is s ill in he de elopmen phase, hese da a a e ei he
una ailable o highly unce ain, limi ing he abili y o ully assess social impac s ac oss he en i e
p oduc li e cycle.
Se led he p emises, bounda ies (physical and me hodological) and pa ame e s o he S-LCA s udy,
he analysis con inued wi h da a ga he ing and LCI building-up.
6.2 In en o ies
The da a in en o y o his S-LCA is s uc u ed ac oss wo le els, ollowing a combined app oach:
coun y le el and o ganiza ional le el. Indeed:
• Coun y-Le el In en o y is p ima ily based on coun y-speci ic indica o s sou ced om o icial
epo s and epu able NGOs, ensu ing eliable and widely ecognized da a. The da a sou ces
used o each s akeholde is p esen ed in Table 6.2:
Table 6.2: Da a sou ces o he S-LCA coun y le el in en o y
Impac ca ego y
Uni
LOCAL COMMUNITY
Wo ld Bank (Wo ldBank, 2025)
A icle 19 (A icle19, 2025)
O ganisa ion o Economic Co-ope a ion and De elopmen
(OECD) (OECD, 2025)
Mig an In eg a ion Policy Index (MIPEX, 2025)
Eu os a – Eu opean Commission (EUROSTAT, 2025)
Ou Wo ld in Da a (OWID, 2025)
Wo ld Jus ice P ojec (WJP, 2025)
Vision o Humani y (Humani y, 2025)
VALUE-CHAIN ACTORS
Compe i ion Policy – Eu opean Commission (Compe i ion,
2025)
CONSUMER
Eu opean En i onmen Agency (EEA, 2025)
UN T ade and De elopmen (UNCTAD, 2025)
WORKERS
Wo ld Bank (Wo ldBank, 2025)
UNICEF (UNICEF, 2025)
Wo ld Economic Fo um (WEF, 2025)
Eu os a – Eu opean Commission (EUROSTAT, 2025)
Walk F ee (WalkF ee, 2025)
SOCIETY
T anspa ency In e na ional (T anspa ency, 2025)

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 65
Impac ca ego y
Uni
Eu os a – Eu opean Commission (EUROSTAT, 2025)
• O ganiza ional-Le el In en o y is conduc ed h ough a ques ionnai e dis ibu ed o
ep esen a i es om all pa ne o ganiza ions in ol ed in he p ojec , p o iding ailo ed and
con ex -speci ic in o ma ion. The ques ionnai e is mainly based on he le el o ag eemen wi h
a ound 50 posi i e -o ien ed s a emen s ela ed o all he s akeholde s, anging om «s ongly
ag ee» o «s ongly disag ee», alongside wi h mul iple choice ques ions.
The combina ion o hese wo le els o e s a balanced app oach. The coun y-le el da a p o ides an
objec i e ounda ion, while he o ganiza ional-le el da a o e s insigh s speci ic o he p ojec
pa icipan s. This dual app oach ensu es bo h b oad con ex ual ele ance and p ecise o ganiza ional
applicabili y, add essing po en ial gaps be ween gene al indica o s and he unique cha ac e is ics o
indi idual o ganiza ions.
The comple e in en o y ques ionnai e o S-LCA is p esen ed in Appendix 9.3.
6.3 Impac Assessmen
The p esen S-LCA s udy applied a ce ain impac assessmen me hodology o he calcula ion o
po en ial socio-economic impac s o he HYPERGRYD solu ions, aking in o accoun a combina ion o
coun y- and o ganiza ional-le el da a. This in o ma ion is oppo unely p ocesses be o e ob aining he
inal social pe o mance, as desc ibed in he ollowing me hodological sec ion, speci ic o HYPERGRYD
p ojec .
6.3.1 Me hodological p emise
Da a collec ed om he in en o y sou ces is ans o med wi h a pe o mance assessmen (PA) in o a
s anda dized e e ence 1- o-6 scale (1: bes , 6: wo s ) Since he inpu da a a ies ac oss indica o s,
mul iple ans o ma ion me hods a e employed o align he da a o his scale acco ding o he
ollowing me hodology.
P ocessing Ques ionnai e Da a
Responses om he o ganiza ional-le el ques ionnai e, using an «ag ee/disag ee» sys em," a e
con e ed PA sco es. Speci ically:
• «s ongly ag ee»is assigned a PA sco e o 1 ;
• «s ongly disag ee» is assigned a PA sco e o 6 ;
• In e media e esponses a e in e pola ed p opo ionally.
P ocessing Quan i a i e Coun y-Le el Da a
Quan i a i e indica o s om coun y-le el sou ces a e ans o med in o PA sco es using one o he
ollowing me hods:
− Re e ence Poin Me hod: I a e e ence poin exis s, i is assigned a PA sco e o 3.5. O he
alues a e hen adjus ed by in e pola ing be ween he e e ence poin and he mos dis an
alue in he da ase ;
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 66
− Minimum-Maximum Scale Me hod: Fo da a wi h a de ined ange:
o I he posi i e impac inc eases wi h highe alues, he minimum is assigned a PA sco e
o 6 and he maximum a sco e o 1 ;
o I he posi i e impac dec eases wi h highe alues, he e e se is applied ;
o In e media e alues a e in e pola ed linea ly.
− No Re e ence o Scale: When no e e ence poin o clea scale is a ailable, he midpoin is se
o he a e age alue o Eu opean Union membe s a es, and sco es a e de i ed ela i e o
his a e age.
A e calcula ing he Pe o mance Assessmen (PA) a bo h he coun y and o ganisa ional le els,
he o e all PA o he unc ional uni is de e mined by e alua ing he h ee main echnologies
de eloped wi hin he p ojec . A mul i-weigh assignmen p ocess is applied o accoun o he
a ying le els o pa ne in ol emen in he de elopmen o each echnology o agg ega e he PA
alues ac oss hese laye s. Indeed, o each de elopmen wi hin a laye , pa ne -speci ic weigh s
a e assigned based on hei ôle, i.e.:
• A weigh o 1 is assigned o he main de elopmen pa ne , e lec ing hei leading ole and
di ec in luence on he echnology’s design and implemen a ion;
• A weigh o 0.5 is assigned o collabo a o s who p o ide signi ican suppo bu a e no
di ec ly leading he de elopmen ;
• Pa ne s wi h gene al o coo dina ion oles a e assigned lowe weigh s o 5% and 10%,
espec i ely, acknowledging hei indi ec con ibu ions o he echnology wi hou hands-
on in ol emen in co e de elopmen asks.
These weigh alues we e ca e ully es ablished ollowing ex ensi e in e nal discussions o ensu e hey
accu a ely ep esen each pa ne 's ac ual impac and esponsibili y wi hin he p ojec . This s uc u ed
app oach gua an ees a balanced and ai dis ibu ion o in luence in he o e all social pe o mance
assessmen , ein o cing he anspa ency and c edibili y o he esul s.
Finally, o calcula e he o al PA o he p ojec , he esul s om each echnology laye a e combined
using weigh ed con ibu ions: 65% o Laye 1 (RES-based enabling echnologies), 20% o Laye 2
(HYPERGRYD ICT ools), and 15% o Laye 3 (in eg a ed pla o m and se ices).
To enhance he e alua ion o he p ojec 's social impac , he pe o mance assessmen is analysed
h ough six de ined Social Impac Ca ego ies (ICs), as in oduced in (A.Ci o h, 2011). These ca ego ies
include Wo king Condi ions (WC), Heal h & Sa e y (HS), Human Righ s (HR), Socio-Economic
Repe cussions (SER), Indigenous Righ s (IR), and Go e nance (G). Each subca ego y is e alua ed o i s
ela ionship wi h hese impac ca ego ies, which can be classi ied as s ong, weak, o no ela ionship.
As seen in Table 6.1, s ong ela ionships a e ma ked wi h an "x," weak ela ionships wi h "(x)," and no
ela ionship wi h a "-".
The subca ego ies do no ha e uni o m connec ions wi h all impac ca ego ies. To accoun o his
a ia ion, a ans o ma ion om PA o IA has been designed and p esen ed in Table 6.3, ensu ing ha
each subca ego y is app op ia ely weigh ed acco ding o i s ele ance o each impac ca ego y (M. C.
Ca uso, 2022). Depending on he agg ega ed ∑IC, h esholds a e de ined o adjus he PA sco e,
allowing o an inc emen o dec emen in he inal IA sco e. Fo ins ance, a subca ego y wi h a high
PA sco e bu s ong ela ionships ac oss all impac ca ego ies may esul in a lowe IA sco e o e lec
i s g ea e o e all impac .
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 67
Table 6.3: T ans o ma ion ules om PA o IA. Each cell ep esen s he new IA sco e
PA
∑IC<2
2<∑IC<4
4<∑IC<5
5<∑IC<6
PA=1
2
1
1
1
PA=2
3
2
1
1
PA=3
4
3
3
2
PA=4
3
4
4
5
PA=5
4
5
6
6
PA=6
5
6
6
6
6.3.2 Resul s o S-LCA
A e his me hodological p emise, he impac assessmen o S-LCA s udy in HYPERGRYD p ojec is
discussed on wo di e en le els:
• Pe o mance assessmen o he in ol ed coun ies, which ac s as a sensi i i y analysis on he
social pe o mance o he coun ies in ol ed in he p ojec ;
• Impac assessmen o HYPERGRYD echnologies, which ocuses on he po en ial socio-
economic impac s o he p ojec -de eloped solu ions.
Bo h analyses a e discussed in he nex sec ions o he documen .
6.3.2.1 Pe o mance assessmen o he in ol ed coun ies
The coun y-le el pe o mance assessmen he p esen S-LCA s udy aims o e alua e and compa e he
social pe o mance o he coun ies in ol ed in he p ojec , based on a ious socio-economic
indica o s epo ed in Appendix 9.4 o his documen . These coun ies a e Aus ia, Belgium, Ge many,
I aly, Poland, Spain and Sweden. The assessmen conside s he a e age ma ks assigned o each
coun y ac oss mul iple dimensions ele an o key s akeholde s, including Wo ke s, Local
Communi ies, Consume s, and Socie y a la ge. The e alua ion p o ides insigh s in o how coun ies
a e pe o ming in e ms o social sus ainabili y and highligh s a eas whe e imp o emen s a e needed.
I is also use ul o compa e and isualize esul s ha will be used o calcula e he Impac Assessmen
o he HYPERGRYD solu ions.
In he subsequen sec ions, he a e age ma ks o each s akeholde ca ego y will be p esen ed h ough
g aphical plo s. These plo s illus a e he compa a i e pe o mance o coun ies, o e ing a clea isual
ep esen a ion o hei s eng hs and weaknesses in add essing social impac s. This analysis is c ucial
o iden i ying bes p ac ices and a eas equi ing policy in e en ion o enhance social ou comes
globally.
Local Communi y
The pe o mance assessmen o he Local Communi y s akeholde indica es signi ican impac s ac oss
all coun ies pa icipa ing in he p ojec . The impac alues (pic u ed in Figu e 20) ange om 2.3 in
Sweden o 3.4 in Spain. While hese indings sugges ha he e is oom o imp o emen , hey also
indica e ha he o e all impac on local communi ies a he coun y le el is ela i ely mode a e.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 68
Figu e 20. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Local Communi y
Consume
The pe o mance assessmen o impac s on he Consume s akeholde indica es consis en ly low
alues ac oss he se en coun ies in ol ed in he p ojec . Speci ically, he a e age impac sco es ange
be ween 1 and 2, which ep esen s he bes -case scena io acco ding o he a ing scale employed,
whe e 1 signi ies he leas nega i e impac and 6 signi ies he mos nega i e impac . This uni o m low
impac sugges s ha he p ojec has minimal o no nega i e e ec s on consume s ac oss all e alua ed
coun ies. The map p esen ed in Figu e 21 isually illus a es hese indings, highligh ing he ange o
impac alues ac oss he assessed coun ies.
Figu e 21. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Consume
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 69
The consis en ly a ou able a ings ac oss all coun ies unde sco e he p ojec 's e ec i eness a he
na ional le el in sa egua ding consume in e es s, showcasing a high le el o social esponsibili y
owa ds his s akeholde g oup.
Wo ke
The pe o mance assessmen o he Wo ke s akeholde e eals subs an ial impac s ac oss all
pa icipa ing coun ies, indica ing nega i e e ec s acco ding o he applied scale. No ably, Ge many,
Sweden, and Belgium a e excep ions, wi h hei pe o mance assessmen s sco ing below 3. In con as ,
all o he coun ies exhibi sco es highe han 3, highligh ing signi ican a eas o imp o emen in
wo ke - ela ed impac s. Figu e 22 p esen s a map o he assessed coun ies, illus a ing hese indings.
Figu e 22. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Wo ke s
Socie y
In he pe o mance assessmen o he Socie y s akeholde he e a e wo clea clus e s o coun ies. In
one hand, Aus ia, Belgium, Ge many and Sweden pe o m e y well in he e ec s on his pa icula
s akeholde , wi h alues close o 1 in all cases. On he o he hand, I aly, Poland and Spain p esen
oppo uni ies o enhancemen in his ield, wi h alues a ound 3.5 in all he cases. These di e ences
can be obse ed in he map p esen ed inFigu e 23.

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 70
Figu e 23. Pe o mance Assessmen pe coun ies o he s akeholde Socie y
Value-Chain Ac o s
In he case o Value-Chain Ac o s, he esul s a e no p esen ed because he e is only one subca ego y
analysed, and all coun ies pe o m he bes wi h an indica o o 1.
6.3.2.2 Impac assessmen o HYPERGRYD echnologies
The impac assessmen (IA) o HYPERGRYD echnologies is s uc u ed in h ee di e en pa s: i s o
all, a p elimina y o e iew is p esen ed, hen a ocus on he s akeholde IA is discussed and inally he
IA o o ganiza ions and coun ies is examined.
O e iew
To p o ide a comp ehensi e o e iew o he impac o he echnologies in ol ed in HYPERGRYD,
dis ibu ion o he Impac Assessmen (IA) has been s udied. This isualiza ion has been cons uc ed
h ough a se ies o sys ema ic s eps. Fi s , he IA alues ( anging om 1 o 6) we e coun ed o each
s akeholde : hese coun s we e hen no malized o allow o compa a i e analysis. Following
no maliza ion, he pe cen age dis ibu ion o each IA alue was calcula ed. I is impo an o no ice
ha he o al a ea ep esen ed by each s akeholde in he plo emains cons an , ensu ing an equi able
compa ison ac oss di e en s akeholde s.
The s akeholde s conside ed in his assessmen include Consume s, Local Communi y, Socie y, Value
Chain Ac o s, and Wo ke s. Each segmen wi hin he ba plo in Figu e 24 co esponds o a speci ic
s akeholde 's con ibu ion o he o e all impac a each IA alue, p o iding a clea isual
ep esen a ion o how impac s a e dis ibu ed among di e en g oups.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 71
Figu e 24. Dis ibu ion o he Impac Assessmen pe ca ego ies and s akeholde s no malized
No able di e ences can be obse ed among he s akeholde s. I is impo an o highligh ha ,
ollowing he con e sion om Pe o mance Assessmen (PA) o IA, he e a e no ins ances o IA alues
1 and 6, which ep esen he bes and wo s possible alues, espec i ely.
In his p ojec , he Consume s akeholde exhibi s a la ge pe cen age o IA alue 2, indica ing ela i ely
be e p o ec ion. Howe e , his s akeholde also has signi ican p opo ions o IA alues 4 and 5.
Con e sely, he Local Communi y s akeholde has he highes ac ion o IA alue 5 and almos no
indica o s a IA alue 2, indica ing g ea e ulne abili y. The Socie y s akeholde shows a uni o m
dis ibu ion o IA alues be ween 2 and 5, sugges ing ha while he impac s a e no excessi ely
nega i e, he e is s ill conside able oom o imp o emen . Value Chain Ac o s appea o be ela i ely
well-p o ec ed, wi h he majo i y o indica o s alling a IA alues 2 and 3. Las ly, he Wo ke
s akeholde has a mo e di e se dis ibu ion ac oss all IA alues, wi h a no iceable p esence a IA alue
4 and a lesse p esence a IA alue 5. This dis ibu ion indica es a mode a e o high le el o impac on
Wo ke s, necessi a ing a ge ed in e en ions o mi iga e hese e ec s.
S akeholde Impac Assessmen
Local Communi y
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 72
The Impac Assessmen o he s akeholde Local Communi y is p esen ed in Figu e 25.
Figu e 25. Impac Assessmen o s akeholde Local Communi y
As obse ed, he esul s o he h ee echnologies a e simila ac oss almos all subca ego ies, excep
o Access o Ma e ial and Imma e ial Resou ces. In hese subca ego ies, only h ee subca ego ies
show a sligh ly posi i e impac , while he o he s ange om sligh ly nega i e o nega i e impac s. The
a e age esul o all h ee echnologies is app oxima ely 3.5 on he Impac Assessmen (IA) scale,
indica ing a neu al impac o e all. This sugges s ha he e is s ill oom o imp o emen , pa icula ly
in he subca ego ies Sa e and Heal hy Li ing Condi ions and Local Employmen .
Value-Chain Ac o s
The social impac assessmen o all echnologies conce ning he s akeholde Value Chain Ac o s
indica es a sligh ly posi i e o e all impac , wi h a no able posi i e e ec in he subca ego y Respec
o In ellec ual P ope y Righ s. As illus a ed in Figu e 26, he esul s ange om posi i e o sligh ly
posi i e, wi h a sligh ly nega i e impac obse ed in he subca ego y P omo ion o Social Responsibili y
caused by he Re e sible Mic o-CHP and Modula Hea Pump echnologies.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 73
Figu e 26. Impac Assessmen o s akeholde Value-Chain Ac o s
Consume
The social impac assessmen o he s akeholde Consume is p esen ed in Figu e 27. The h ee
echnologies demons a e a posi i e impac ac oss mos subca ego ies. Howe e , he subca ego ies
T anspa ency and End-o -li e Responsibili y show sligh ly nega i e o nega i e impac s o all h ee
echnologies, esul ing in an o e all a e age Impac Assessmen (IA) ha is only sligh ly posi i e. These
a eas ep esen clea ho spo s o imp o emen , indica ing a need o a ge ed ac ions o enhance
pe o mance in hese speci ic subca ego ies.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 80
7 Conclusions
7.1 Main conclusions o LCA
• Business case 1: The compa a i e LCA s udy o En ipa k business case con i ms ha he
in oduc ion o inno a i e HYPERGRYD solu ions is p o icien in e ms o en i onmen al
impac s o he dis ic a ea. Indeed, all impac indica o s epo s a educ ion o bu dens
associa ed wi h he implemen a ion o he inno a i e scena ios. combining he CHP no el
sys em wi h HRES echnology enables a educ ion o he impac s om a minimum o 20% up
o 44% in speci ic indica o s like Wa e use and Clima e Change biogenic, while he s and-
alone CHP de e mines only a sligh educ ion (2-3%) o bu dens wi h espec o baseline.
• Business case 2 : The LCA da a epo s ha he no el echnology (STES) enables a ne
educ ion o en i onmen al impac s o Sonnenpla z dis ic in espec o he baseline
scena io in all he impac ca ego ies selec ed o he s udy. In pa icula , Clima e change
exp esses -10% o bu dens and also highes alues a e ou lined o Wa e use (-19%), Land
use (-19%) and Eco oxici y, eshwa e (-18%).
• Business case 3 : The analysis con i ms a subs an ial educ ion o impac s in he no el
con igu a ion wi h Modula Hea Pump: indeed, a posi i e dec ease o bu dens is obse ed
o se e al indica o s, including Wa e use (-86%), Eco oxici y eshwa e (-78%), Land use (-
64%) and Ozone deple ion (-38%). Howe e , some indica o s epo an inc ease o hei
impac s o he HYPERGRYD scena io: o example, Clima e change (+28%), Resou ce use,
ossils (+37%) and Eu ophica ion, eshwa e (+44%) indica o s a e a ec ed by his
inc emen . In pa icula while he implemen a ion o he HPs ensu es a ema kable educ ion
o he en i onmen al bu dens in he Clima e Change – Biogenic indica o s (by b eaking he
dependence on he biomass boile s), he elec i ica ion causes an excess o elec ici y
consump ions om he g id ha in he p esen ene gy mix o Aus ia causes an inc ease in
he Clima e Change – Fossil ha is also e lec ed in he Clima e Change – To al indica o . This
issue could in pa be mi iga ed by making in e nal use o he excess PV which oday is sold
o he na ional g id and expanding he sola pa k.
I is wo h men ioning ha he p esen assessmen has a es ic ed sys em bounda y, ocused on
he use phase. The app oach is jus i ied by he lack o comp ehensi e da a on he aw ma e ial
sou cing, usage, and end-o -li e s ages due o he no el y o he echnologies. Dedica ed s udies
could expand he sus ainabili y assessmen by ocusing on he ecodesign o he p o o ypes.
Howe e when aking in o accoun he con ex o he analyses, ha is he one o ene gy ela ed
equipmen s, he g ea pa s o en i onmen al impac s is gene ally associa ed wi h hei use phase
and he e o e e en he expansion o he sys em Bounda ies should no al e signi ican ly he
p esen s esul s.
7.2 Main conclusions o LCC
- Business case 1: he implemen a ion o he wo inno a i e scena ios in he assump ions o he
p esen s udy esul ed economically iable. The bay back ime o he in es men Capex is
a ound 5 yea s o bo h he ‘CHPs’ and ‘CHPs & HRES’ scena ios. A e his ime he inno a i e

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 81
ene gy asse s con igu a ions ensu e ne economic sa ings in e ms o main enance cos s and
ene gy expenses g ea e han 13000 €/yea and 71000 €/yea espec i ely.
- Business case 2: he implemen a ion o he in es iga ed scena io in he hypo hesis o his
s udy is no economically easible no con enien wi h espec o baseline, because o he
highe cos s in e m o Capex a e no compensa ed by he po en ial sa ings achie able in e ms
o main enance and ene gy expenses. I is also wo h men ioning ha he highe Capex Cos
is mainly associa ed wi h he implemen a ion o he high empe a u e Hea Pumps a he han
wi h he So p ion S o age i sel . Di e en esul s may he e o e be ob ained building a
di e en con igu a ion o he in eg a ion o he no el echnology in a simila ene gy
communi y.
- Business case 3: he in eg a ion o he Modula Hea Pump wi h he PCM s o age is p o en o
be sus ainable om economic poin o iew and i is mo e con enien han baseline scena io,
because i allows a educ ion o he Opex cos g ea e han 40000 €/yea ensu ing an
in es men pay-back ime a ound 13 yea s.
The conclusions o he LCA s udy a e s ic ly dependen on he assump ions ha we e necessa y
o es ima e he Capex and Opex o he no el and baseline echnologies, bu also on he ene gy
pu chase and selling p ice. Rega ding he las poin he mid and long- e m u u e scena ios will be
s ongly e ec ed by he eal end in he ene gy ma ke p ices ha oday a e di icul y p edic able.
7.3 Main conclusions o S-LCA
The Social Li e Cycle Assessmen (S-LCA) pe o med o HYPERGRYD p ojec has p o ided aluable
insigh s in o he social impac s associa ed wi h he de elopmen o he Renewable Ene gy Sou ces
(RES)-based enabling echnology wi hin he HYPERGRYD p ojec . By e alua ing he echnology ac oss
a ious s akeholde g oups—Wo ke s, Local Communi ies, Value Chain Ac o s, Consume s, and
Socie y— he s udy iden i ied bo h posi i e con ibu ions and c i ical social ho spo s. No ably, he
p ojec demons a ed posi i e social pe o mance in a eas such as consume sa e y and alue chain
e hics, while a eas like wo ke heal h and sa e y, ai sala ies, and local communi y well-being equi e
u he a en ion. The mul i-laye ed analysis, co e ing he RES echnologies, ICT ools, and in eg a ed
pla o m, allowed o a comp ehensi e unde s anding o he social dynamics h oughou he
echnology de elopmen p ocess.
Howe e , he assessmen also highligh ed se e al me hodological and da a- ela ed challenges ha
limi he ull cap u e o social impac s. These include he di icul y in balancing di e se s akeholde
pe spec i es, handling di e en scales o assessmen , and he challenge o assigning a sui able
unc ional uni du ing he de elopmen phase. Addi ionally, he lack o comp ehensi e da a on he
aw ma e ial sou cing, usage, and end-o -li e s ages due o he no el y o he echnology es ic ed he
scope o he assessmen . Add essing hese limi a ions in u u e esea ch— h ough mo e e ined
amewo ks, imp o ed da a collec ion ac oss li e cycle s ages, and s akeholde engagemen —will be
essen ial o enhancing he accu acy and dep h o S-LCA in e alua ing eme ging ene gy echnologies.
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D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 85

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 86
9 Appendices
The p esen Annex encloses he addi ional in o ma ion ha ha e been used o pe o m he sus ainabili y assessmen in HYPERGRYD p ojec .
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 87
9.1 HYPERGRYD LCA Impac Assessmen (LCIA)
9.1.1 Business case 1: LCIA Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Bu e a En ipa k (Tu in, IT)
Table 9.1: Compa a i e LCA Resul s o he Baseline, CHPs and CHP & HRES Scena io. Resul s disclosed o he o al and di e en seasons o 25 yea s
Impac Ca ego ies
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs &
HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs &
HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs &
HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs &
HRES
Baseline
CHPs
CHPs &
HRES
To al 25 yea s
Win e 25 yea s
Sp ing 25 yea s
Summe 25 yea s
Au umn yea s
Acidi ica ion [mol H+ eq]
2.04E+05
2.00E+05
1.28E+05
6.46E+04
6.23E+04
4.38E+04
4.42E+04
4.32E+04
2.35E+04
5.08E+04
5.10E+04
3.14E+04
4.49E+04
4.39E+04
2.89E+04
Clima e change [kg CO2 eq]
6.28E+07
6.10E+07
4.65E+07
2.82E+07
2.73E+07
2.36E+07
1.28E+07
1.24E+07
8.42E+06
9.97E+06
1.00E+07
6.08E+06
1.18E+07
1.13E+07
8.35E+06
Clima e change - Biogenic [kg CO2 eq]
1.33E+05
1.31E+05
7.42E+04
3.40E+04
3.27E+04
1.84E+04
2.95E+04
2.89E+04
1.35E+04
3.85E+04
3.86E+04
2.33E+04
3.12E+04
3.06E+04
1.90E+04
Clima e change - Fossil [kg CO2 eq]
6.26E+07
6.09E+07
4.64E+07
2.82E+07
2.73E+07
2.36E+07
1.28E+07
1.23E+07
8.41E+06
9.92E+06
9.96E+06
6.05E+06
1.18E+07
1.13E+07
8.32E+06
Clima e change - Land use and LU change [kg CO2 eq]
4.37E+04
4.33E+04
2.49E+04
1.10E+04
1.07E+04
6.01E+03
9.71E+03
9.62E+03
4.62E+03
1.28E+04
1.28E+04
7.89E+03
1.03E+04
1.02E+04
6.41E+03
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 1 [CTUe]
5.45E+07
6.14E+07
4.21E+07
1.62E+07
1.94E+07
1.44E+07
1.19E+07
1.36E+07
8.43E+06
1.43E+07
1.44E+07
9.28E+06
1.22E+07
1.40E+07
1.00E+07
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 2 [CTUe]
4.60E+07
4.59E+07
3.29E+07
1.61E+07
1.59E+07
1.24E+07
9.81E+06
9.82E+06
6.33E+06
1.04E+07
1.05E+07
7.16E+06
9.75E+06
9.72E+06
7.02E+06
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - ino ganics [CTUe]
9.44E+07
1.01E+08
7.12E+07
3.06E+07
3.37E+07
2.58E+07
2.03E+07
2.21E+07
1.40E+07
2.30E+07
2.31E+07
1.53E+07
2.06E+07
2.23E+07
1.61E+07
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.1 [CTUe]
1.17E+06
1.18E+06
8.53E+05
3.01E+05
2.98E+05
1.99E+05
2.60E+05
2.62E+05
1.79E+05
3.39E+05
3.42E+05
2.69E+05
2.75E+05
2.75E+05
2.06E+05
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.2 [CTUe]
4.94E+06
4.92E+06
2.96E+06
1.34E+06
1.31E+06
8.04E+05
1.09E+06
1.09E+06
5.53E+05
1.38E+06
1.39E+06
8.70E+05
1.14E+06
1.13E+06
7.31E+05
Pa icula e ma e [disease inc.]
7.97E-01
8.03E-01
5.08E-01
2.30E-01
2.25E-01
1.49E-01
1.75E-01
1.77E-01
9.69E-02
2.15E-01
2.19E-01
1.41E-01
1.81E-01
1.82E-01
1.21E-01
Eu ophica ion, ma ine [kg N eq]
3.41E+04
3.33E+04
2.26E+04
1.23E+04
1.18E+04
9.06E+03
7.24E+03
7.04E+03
4.13E+03
7.47E+03
7.53E+03
4.65E+03
7.14E+03
6.92E+03
4.72E+03
Eu ophica ion, eshwa e [kg P eq]
1.08E+03
1.06E+03
6.22E+02
2.71E+02
2.62E+02
1.49E+02
2.39E+02
2.36E+02
1.17E+02
3.14E+02
3.15E+02
1.98E+02
2.53E+02
2.49E+02
1.59E+02
Eu ophica ion, e es ial [mol N eq]
3.82E+05
3.73E+05
2.52E+05
1.37E+05
1.31E+05
1.00E+05
8.12E+04
7.90E+04
4.60E+04
8.45E+04
8.51E+04
5.24E+04
8.03E+04
7.78E+04
5.29E+04
Human oxici y, cance [CTUh]
1.49E-02
1.51E-02
9.70E-03
4.41E-03
4.31E-03
2.90E-03
3.26E-03
3.32E-03
1.86E-03
3.97E-03
4.08E-03
2.65E-03
3.38E-03
3.41E-03
2.29E-03
Human oxici y, cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
1.04E-02
1.05E-02
6.73E-03
3.02E-03
2.94E-03
1.96E-03
2.27E-03
2.31E-03
1.30E-03
2.79E-03
2.87E-03
1.88E-03
2.35E-03
2.38E-03
1.60E-03
Human oxici y, cance - o ganics [CTUh]
4.56E-03
4.63E-03
2.97E-03
1.39E-03
1.37E-03
9.44E-04
9.93E-04
1.01E-03
5.62E-04
1.18E-03
1.21E-03
7.69E-04
1.02E-03
1.03E-03
6.91E-04
Human oxici y, non-cance [CTUh]
3.44E-01
3.42E-01
2.26E-01
9.33E-02
9.11E-02
5.94E-02
7.57E-02
7.54E-02
4.45E-02
9.58E-02
9.66E-02
6.72E-02
7.93E-02
7.86E-02
5.45E-02
Human oxici y, non-cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
3.26E-01
3.24E-01
2.13E-01
8.70E-02
8.48E-02
5.44E-02
7.20E-02
7.16E-02
4.20E-02
9.19E-02
9.27E-02
6.46E-02
7.56E-02
7.49E-02
5.18E-02
Human oxici y, non-cance - o ganics [CTUh]
1.78E-02
1.77E-02
1.27E-02
6.36E-03
6.27E-03
4.93E-03
3.78E-03
3.76E-03
2.43E-03
3.93E-03
3.95E-03
2.67E-03
3.74E-03
3.70E-03
2.67E-03
Ionising adia ion [kBq U-235 eq]
1.64E+06
1.62E+06
9.14E+05
4.10E+05
3.96E+05
2.18E+05
3.65E+05
3.59E+05
1.67E+05
4.81E+05
4.82E+05
2.92E+05
3.87E+05
3.81E+05
2.36E+05
Land use [P ]
2.18E+08
2.14E+08
1.23E+08
5.74E+07
5.54E+07
3.24E+07
4.81E+07
4.71E+07
2.23E+07
6.17E+07
6.17E+07
3.70E+07
5.06E+07
4.95E+07
3.09E+07
Ozone deple ion [kg CFC11 eq]
1.15E+01
1.09E+01
8.59E+00
5.56E+00
5.26E+00
4.69E+00
2.31E+00
2.16E+00
1.54E+00
1.55E+00
1.55E+00
9.33E-01
2.06E+00
1.90E+00
1.44E+00
Pho ochemical ozone o ma ion [kg NMVOC eq]
1.15E+05
1.12E+05
7.86E+04
4.34E+04
4.20E+04
3.33E+04
2.42E+04
2.36E+04
1.44E+04
2.37E+04
2.39E+04
1.49E+04
2.35E+04
2.29E+04
1.60E+04
Resou ce use, ossils [MJ]
9.76E+08
9.45E+08
7.15E+08
4.37E+08
4.21E+08
3.63E+08
2.00E+08
1.92E+08
1.29E+08
1.56E+08
1.57E+08
9.46E+07
1.84E+08
1.76E+08
1.29E+08
Resou ce use, mine als and me als [kg Sb eq]
3.35E+02
3.33E+02
2.32E+02
8.43E+01
8.22E+01
5.26E+01
7.43E+01
7.41E+01
4.80E+01
9.76E+01
9.85E+01
7.49E+01
7.88E+01
7.81E+01
5.69E+01
Wa e use [m3 dep i .]
3.20E+07
3.13E+07
1.81E+07
8.50E+06
8.14E+06
4.79E+06
7.06E+06
6.90E+06
3.29E+06
9.02E+06
9.04E+06
5.46E+06
7.42E+06
7.24E+06
4.52E+06
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 88
9.1.2 Business case 2: LCIA So p ion based The mal Ene gy S o age a Sonnenpla z
Table 9.2: Compa a i e LCA Resul s o he Baseline and STES Scena io. Resul s disclosed o he o al and di e en seasons o 25 yea s
Impac Ca ego ies
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
Baseline
STES
To al 25 yea s
Win e 25 yea s
Sp ing 25 yea s
Summe 25 yea s
Au umn 25 yea s
Acidi ica ion [mol H+ eq]
2.91E+03
2.56E+03
7.58E+02
6.77E+02
7.21E+02
6.39E+02
6.74E+02
6.12E+02
7.52E+02
6.34E+02
Clima e change [kg CO2 eq]
3.31E+05
2.96E+05
7.57E+04
6.83E+04
8.16E+04
7.40E+04
8.31E+04
7.73E+04
9.03E+04
7.68E+04
Clima e change - Biogenic [kg CO2 eq]
2.48E+04
1.98E+04
9.15E+03
7.94E+03
5.40E+03
4.17E+03
2.81E+03
1.89E+03
7.41E+03
5.79E+03
Clima e change - Fossil [kg CO2 eq]
2.99E+05
2.71E+05
6.41E+04
5.82E+04
7.48E+04
6.87E+04
7.95E+04
7.48E+04
8.09E+04
6.94E+04
Clima e change - Land use and LU change [kg CO2 eq]
6.56E+03
5.28E+03
2.37E+03
2.06E+03
1.45E+03
1.13E+03
8.01E+02
5.65E+02
1.94E+03
1.52E+03
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 1 [CTUe]
2.86E+06
2.42E+06
8.84E+05
7.77E+05
6.68E+05
5.59E+05
5.07E+05
4.26E+05
8.06E+05
6.54E+05
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 2 [CTUe]
1.54E+06
1.40E+06
3.59E+05
3.25E+05
3.97E+05
3.62E+05
4.08E+05
3.82E+05
3.80E+05
3.28E+05
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - ino ganics [CTUe]
3.90E+06
3.39E+06
1.08E+06
9.59E+05
9.49E+05
8.26E+05
8.33E+05
7.40E+05
1.03E+06
8.60E+05
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.1 [CTUe]
2.27E+05
1.92E+05
7.11E+04
6.26E+04
5.37E+04
4.50E+04
4.06E+04
3.41E+04
6.18E+04
5.02E+04
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.2 [CTUe]
2.87E+05
2.36E+05
9.14E+04
8.00E+04
6.23E+04
5.06E+04
4.19E+04
3.30E+04
9.11E+04
7.25E+04
Pa icula e ma e [disease inc.]
2.23E-02
1.99E-02
5.63E-03
5.05E-03
5.63E-03
5.04E-03
5.44E-03
4.99E-03
5.61E-03
4.78E-03
Eu ophica ion, ma ine [kg N eq]
6.71E+02
5.71E+02
2.02E+02
1.78E+02
1.59E+02
1.35E+02
1.26E+02
1.08E+02
1.83E+02
1.50E+02
Eu ophica ion, eshwa e [kg P eq]
1.98E+01
1.80E+01
4.63E+00
4.19E+00
5.19E+00
4.74E+00
5.36E+00
5.03E+00
4.65E+00
4.05E+00
Eu ophica ion, e es ial [mol N eq]
6.98E+03
5.95E+03
2.09E+03
1.84E+03
1.66E+03
1.41E+03
1.33E+03
1.14E+03
1.90E+03
1.56E+03
Human oxici y, cance [CTUh]
4.65E-04
4.18E-04
1.14E-04
1.03E-04
1.20E-04
1.08E-04
1.19E-04
1.10E-04
1.12E-04
9.67E-05
Human oxici y, cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
3.35E-04
2.97E-04
8.73E-05
7.81E-05
8.46E-05
7.52E-05
7.99E-05
7.28E-05
8.34E-05
7.08E-05
Human oxici y, cance - o ganics [CTUh]
1.30E-04
1.21E-04
2.71E-05
2.48E-05
3.51E-05
3.28E-05
3.90E-05
3.73E-05
2.91E-05
2.60E-05
Human oxici y, non-cance [CTUh]
1.45E-02
1.33E-02
3.24E-03
2.95E-03
3.83E-03
3.53E-03
4.07E-03
3.85E-03
3.34E-03
2.94E-03
Human oxici y, non-cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
1.40E-02
1.28E-02
3.14E-03
2.86E-03
3.71E-03
3.41E-03
3.94E-03
3.72E-03
3.23E-03
2.84E-03
Human oxici y, non-cance - o ganics [CTUh]
4.66E-04
4.29E-04
1.01E-04
9.22E-05
1.23E-04
1.14E-04
1.33E-04
1.26E-04
1.09E-04
9.58E-05
Ionising adia ion [kBq U-235 eq]
1.67E+04
1.47E+04
4.06E+03
3.64E+03
4.00E+03
3.56E+03
3.85E+03
3.51E+03
4.82E+03
4.03E+03
Land use [P ]
8.91E+06
7.23E+06
3.14E+06
2.74E+06
1.98E+06
1.57E+06
1.17E+06
8.57E+05
2.62E+06
2.06E+06
Ozone deple ion [kg CFC11 eq]
8.48E-02
7.10E-02
2.58E-02
2.26E-02
1.90E-02
1.58E-02
1.42E-02
1.18E-02
2.58E-02
2.08E-02
Pho ochemical ozone o ma ion [kg NMVOC eq]
1.44E+03
1.28E+03
3.64E+02
3.26E+02
3.62E+02
3.23E+02
3.49E+02
3.20E+02
3.68E+02
3.12E+02
Resou ce use, ossils [MJ]
3.60E+06
3.30E+06
7.13E+05
6.52E+05
9.07E+05
8.46E+05
1.01E+06
9.59E+05
9.69E+05
8.39E+05
Resou ce use, mine als and me als [kg Sb eq]
1.52E+01
1.49E+01
2.19E+00
2.12E+00
4.42E+00
4.35E+00
5.70E+00
5.64E+00
2.89E+00
2.79E+00
Wa e use [m3 dep i .]
1.68E+06
1.36E+06
5.98E+05
5.20E+05
3.72E+05
2.93E+05
2.14E+05
1.55E+05
4.91E+05
3.87E+05
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 89
9.1.3 Business case 3: LCIA Hea Pumps wi h PCM s o age a Sonnenpla z
Table 9.3: Compa a i e LCA Resul s o he Baseline and HPsPCM Scena io. Resul s disclosed o he o al and di e en seasons o 25 yea s
Impac Ca ego ies
Baseline
HPsPCM
Baseline
HPsPCM
Baseline
HPsPCM
Baseline
HPsPCM
Baseline
HPsPCM
To al 25 yea s
Win e 25 yea s
Sp ing 25 yea s
Summe 25 yea s
Au umn 25 yea s
Acidi ica ion [mol H+ eq]
2.09E+04
1.86E+04
5.79E+03
6.48E+03
5.64E+03
2.72E+03
4.65E+03
4.52E+03
4.82E+03
4.88E+03
Clima e change [kg CO2 eq]
3.29E+06
4.55E+06
8.11E+05
1.77E+06
8.36E+05
5.67E+05
7.98E+05
9.82E+05
8.45E+05
1.22E+06
Clima e change - Biogenic [kg CO2 eq]
1.58E+05
1.17E+04
6.15E+04
4.44E+03
4.50E+04
1.54E+03
1.92E+04
2.63E+03
3.18E+04
3.13E+03
Clima e change - Fossil [kg CO2 eq]
3.09E+06
4.53E+06
7.33E+05
1.77E+06
7.79E+05
5.64E+05
7.73E+05
9.77E+05
8.05E+05
1.22E+06
Clima e change - Land use and LU change [kg CO2 eq]
4.25E+04
6.94E+03
1.62E+04
2.59E+03
1.21E+04
9.25E+02
5.58E+03
1.57E+03
8.69E+03
1.85E+03
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 1 [CTUe]
1.77E+07
6.27E+06
5.89E+06
1.81E+06
4.95E+06
1.11E+06
3.02E+06
1.77E+06
3.87E+06
1.58E+06
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - pa 2 [CTUe]
1.14E+07
1.21E+07
2.86E+06
4.20E+06
3.04E+06
1.79E+06
2.79E+06
2.96E+06
2.67E+06
3.17E+06
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - ino ganics [CTUe]
2.60E+07
1.77E+07
7.68E+06
5.84E+06
7.13E+06
2.77E+06
5.33E+06
4.52E+06
5.84E+06
4.59E+06
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.1 [CTUe]
1.32E+06
2.91E+05
4.53E+05
5.19E+04
3.77E+05
6.84E+04
2.19E+05
1.03E+05
2.70E+05
6.83E+04
Eco oxici y, eshwa e - o ganics - p.2 [CTUe]
1.79E+06
3.98E+05
6.12E+05
1.18E+05
4.86E+05
6.91E+04
2.58E+05
1.10E+05
4.34E+05
1.01E+05
Pa icula e ma e [disease inc.]
1.35E-01
8.88E-02
3.70E-02
2.47E-02
3.72E-02
1.62E-02
3.02E-02
2.56E-02
3.00E-02
2.23E-02
Eu ophica ion, ma ine [kg N eq]
4.71E+03
3.06E+03
1.48E+03
1.09E+03
1.30E+03
4.36E+02
8.94E+02
7.28E+02
1.04E+03
8.06E+02
Eu ophica ion, eshwa e [kg P eq]
3.03E+02
5.36E+02
7.45E+01
2.21E+02
7.65E+01
6.07E+01
7.76E+01
1.08E+02
7.42E+01
1.46E+02
Eu ophica ion, e es ial [mol N eq]
5.00E+04
3.46E+04
1.56E+04
1.25E+04
1.37E+04
4.85E+03
9.63E+03
8.13E+03
1.11E+04
9.15E+03
Human oxici y, cance [CTUh]
3.00E-03
2.49E-03
8.00E-04
7.75E-04
8.27E-04
4.14E-04
7.11E-04
6.67E-04
6.65E-04
6.38E-04
Human oxici y, cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
2.23E-03
1.78E-03
6.24E-04
5.77E-04
6.14E-04
2.82E-04
5.01E-04
4.59E-04
4.93E-04
4.59E-04
Human oxici y, cance - o ganics [CTUh]
7.69E-04
7.16E-04
1.75E-04
1.98E-04
2.12E-04
1.32E-04
2.10E-04
2.07E-04
1.72E-04
1.79E-04
Human oxici y, non-cance [CTUh]
8.73E-02
7.49E-02
2.14E-02
2.12E-02
2.41E-02
1.35E-02
2.24E-02
2.14E-02
1.93E-02
1.88E-02
Human oxici y, non-cance - ino ganics [CTUh]
8.45E-02
7.25E-02
2.07E-02
2.05E-02
2.34E-02
1.31E-02
2.17E-02
2.07E-02
1.87E-02
1.82E-02
Human oxici y, non-cance - o ganics [CTUh]
2.81E-03
2.48E-03
6.67E-04
7.00E-04
7.70E-04
4.48E-04
7.31E-04
7.08E-04
6.38E-04
6.23E-04
Ionising adia ion [kBq U-235 eq]
1.84E+05
2.60E+05
4.66E+04
1.05E+05
4.62E+04
3.08E+04
4.30E+04
5.41E+04
4.77E+04
7.04E+04
Land use [P ]
6.20E+07
2.23E+07
2.25E+07
8.83E+06
1.73E+07
2.72E+06
9.09E+06
4.74E+06
1.31E+07
6.02E+06
Ozone deple ion [kg CFC11 eq]
6.17E-01
3.85E-01
1.94E-01
1.44E-01
1.65E-01
5.10E-02
1.09E-01
8.69E-02
1.50E-01
1.03E-01
Pho ochemical ozone o ma ion [kg NMVOC eq]
1.04E+04
9.69E+03
2.80E+03
3.35E+03
2.80E+03
1.43E+03
2.38E+03
2.37E+03
2.40E+03
2.54E+03
Resou ce use, ossils [MJ]
4.11E+07
6.58E+07
9.40E+06
2.60E+07
1.02E+07
8.04E+06
1.06E+07
1.40E+07
1.09E+07
1.77E+07
Resou ce use, mine als and me als [kg Sb eq]
7.81E+01
9.27E+01
1.15E+01
2.17E+01
2.16E+01
1.90E+01
2.73E+01
2.93E+01
1.76E+01
2.26E+01
Wa e use [m3 dep i .]
1.06E+07
1.47E+06
4.02E+06
4.86E+05
3.02E+06
2.31E+05
1.41E+06
3.76E+05
2.16E+06
3.82E+05
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 96
• Mechanisms o consume eedback and complain esolu ion.
• In e nal policies o handling consume da a and p i acy p o ec ion.
• F equency and anspa ency o sus ainabili y epo ing.
• Communica ion o end-o -li e op ions o p oduc s, i applicable.
3. Local Communi ies
This sec ion assesses he o ganiza ion’s engagemen wi h and impac on he communi ies whe e i ope a es, ocusing on:
• Collabo a ion wi h educa ional ins i u ions and aining p og ams.
• Adop ion o ce i ied en i onmen al managemen sys ems.
• Employee pa icipa ion in communi y olun ee p og ams.
• Suppo o local non-go e nmen al o ganiza ions (NGOs) and social ini ia i es.
• Con ibu ions o p ese ing cul u al he i age and his o ical si es.
• P esence o cul u al he i age si es ha could bene i om o ganiza ional ac i i ies.
• Assis ance p o ided o mig an wo ke s o in eg a ion and communica ion.
• Policies p omo ing local hi ing and wo k o ce de elopmen .
• Pe cen age o spending alloca ed o local supplie s and se ice p o ide s.
4. Value Chain Ac o s (Supplie s, Pa ne s, and Business E hics)
This sec ion examines he o ganiza ion’s app oach o e hical sou cing, supplie ela ions, and ai compe i ion, including:
• Ma ke compe i i eness and absence o monopolis ic con ol.
• Social esponsibili y expec a ions wi hin he supply chain.
• T aining and esou ces p o ided o employees o unde s anding e hical sou cing and co po a e social esponsibili y.
• Fai ea men and collabo a ion wi h supplie s wi hou powe imbalances.
• Engagemen wi h uni e si ies, esea ch ins i u ions, o s a -ups o in ellec ual p ope y and echnology de elopmen .
• Ac i e pa icipa ion in indus y ad ocacy g oups and p o essional associa ions.
5. Socie y and Go e nance

D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 97
This sec ion explo es he b oade socie al impac o he o ganiza ion, including go e nance, sus ainabili y commi men s, and con ibu ions o
economic de elopmen :
• Job c ea ion and economic con ibu ion a local and na ional le els.
• Skill le el equi emen s o newly c ea ed job posi ions.
• An i-co up ion policies and e hical business p ac ices.
• Social esponsibili y s a egies wi h a ocus on po e y alle ia ion.
• Business ope a ions in egions a ec ed by con lic s.
• Public commi men o sus ainabili y and co po a e esponsibili y.
• Mechanisms o moni o ing and ensu ing compliance wi h sus ainabili y commi men s.
• Pa icipa ion in echnology ans e ini ia i es and inno a ion p ojec s.
• In es men in esea ch and de elopmen ac i i ies.
9.4 Coun y-Le el Social Impac Indica o s
This appendix p esen s key social impac indica o s a he coun y le el, ca ego ized by s akeholde g oups. These indica o s help assess he b oade
socio-economic con ex in which he HYPERGRYD p ojec ope a es, p o iding insigh in o na ional-le el egula ions, policies, and socio-economic
condi ions ha may in luence he p ojec 's social sus ainabili y pe o mance.
1. Consume
• End-o -Li e Responsibili y – S eng h o na ional legisla ion co e ing p oduc disposal and ecycling.
• Feedback Mechanisms – P esence o eedback mechanisms (e.g., a e -sales se ices) a he sec o o na ional le el.
• P i acy Regula ions – Coun y anking ela ed o egula ions on da a-sha ing.
• Da a P o ec ion – S eng h o laws p o ec ing p i acy agains o ganiza ions and go e nmen .
2. Local Communi y
• Access o Imma e ial Resou ces – Pa en ilings and in ellec ual p ope y igh s.
• F eedom o Exp ession – Na ional policies and ankings ela ed o eedom o speech.
• Access o Ma e ial Resou ces – Pe cen age o popula ion wi h access o imp o ed sani a ion acili ies.
D5.7 – Impac Analysis S udy 98
• Communi y T us – Public us in poli ical ins i u ions.
• Cul u al He i age P o ec ion – P e alence o acial disc imina ion and inclusi i y measu es.
• Mig a ion & Reloca ion T ends – Pe cen age o in e na ional mig an s in he popula ion.
• Employmen & Economic S abili y – Na ional unemploymen s a is ics and po e y le els.
• Public Heal h & Sa e y – Bu den o disease and na ional pollu ion le els.
• Cons uc ion Sa e y & Housing – S eng h o laws on building sa e y egula ions.
• Secu i y & Human Righ s – Na ional secu i y ankings and public sa e y pe cep ion.
3. Socie y & Go e nance
• Co up ion & T anspa ency – Risk o co up ion a he coun y and egional le els.
• Technology & Inno a ion De elopmen – Na ional in es men in esea ch and de elopmen (R&D).
4. Value Chain Ac o s
• Fai Compe i ion & Ma ke Regula ion – P esence o na ional laws and egula ions ensu ing ai compe i ion.
5. Wo ke s & Labo Righ s
• Child Labo Incidence – Pe cen age o child en wo king by coun y and sec o .
• Gende Equali y & Non-Disc imina ion – Gende equali y index and emale labo o ce pa icipa ion a e.
• Wage Fai ness & Income S anda ds – Minimum wage le els and pu chasing powe pa i y.
• Fo ced Labo Risks – Es ima ed pe cen age o o ced labo occu ences by egion.
• F eedom o Associa ion – E idence o es ic ions on unioniza ion and collec i e ba gaining igh s.
• Wo kplace Heal h & Sa e y – Na ional occupa ional acciden a es.
• Social Secu i y & Wo ke Bene i s – Social secu i y expendi u e ac oss sec o s, co e ing heal hca e, ma e ni y, and unemploymen .