Ethical AI and Education: The need for international regulation to foster human rights, democracy and equity

Ethical AI and Education: The need for international regulation to foster human rights, democracy and equity Workshop at AIED 2025 in Palermo, Italy https://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu Tuesday, 22nd of July 2025 in Palermo, Italy https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16679899 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 2 Introductory speech of the Third AIED Workshop on “Ethical AI and Education” at 26th International AIED Conference 2025 hold by Dr. Christian M. Stracke The program including this presentation and all results of the workshop are published on: http://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu Ethical AI and Education: The need for international regulation to foster human rights, democracy and equity Workshop at AIED 2025 in Palermo, Italy https://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu Tuesday, 22nd of July 2025 in Palermo, Italy With Creative Commons Open License for saving, sharing & re-using slides "Attribution –Noncommercial –Share Alike 3.0" You can freely share, copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions: 1. Attribution –2. Noncommercial –3. Share Alike Some rights reserved, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 4 This presentation will be published on: http://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 5 Workshop sessions: Overview http://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu 90 min. 80 min. 30 min. 25 min. Tuesday, 22nd of July 2025 in Palermo, Italy Ethical AI and Education: The need for international regulation to foster human rights, democracy and equity Workshop at AIED 2025 in Palermo, Italy https://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 7 What is AI? Definition of Human Intelligence Definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI) How do you define AI? 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 8 What is AI? AI is a unique digital tool AI is always a human-to-human relationship (in the responsibility) 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 9 History of AI AI concept by McCarthy and research since 1950ies weak AI vs. strong AI vs. super-intelligence knowledge-based AI vs. data-driven AI hybrid systems & trainings (GenAI / GPAI) Stracke, C. M. et al. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64315-6_21 (pre-print: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072) 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 16 Ethical AI&ED & Human Rights AI&ED for strengthening the society: "Artificial Intelligence and Education: Ethical Questions and Guidelines for Their Relations Based on Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law" (Dezember 2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_7 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 17 Networks "Ethical Use of AI" German Network since March 2023: https://ethischeki.ecompetence.eu European Network since AIED 2023: https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu Monthly meetings for collaboration: Everybody is most welcome! 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 18 Network "Ethical Use of AI" "Ethical Use of AI in Higher Education –a Handout" for university teachers (Version 1.1 from 18th of July 2024) •10 statements (1 page) and FAQ list with answers (4 pages), both revised and updated https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 19 Ethical AI&ED: SLR Protocol Systematic Literature Review (SLR): Standardised PRISMA-based protocol for SLR on AI and Education by Stracke, C.M.; Chounta, I.-A.; Holmes, W.; Tlili, A. & Bozkurt, A. (2023). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.38 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 20 SLR on Ethical AI&ED SLR on Ethical AI and Education: "Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education" by Stracke, C.M.; Chounta, I.-A. & Holmes, W. (2024) –presented at AIED 2024 in Recife https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072 Legal regulation of AI 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 22 AI Regulations European Commission: Ethical Guidelines (2022) & AI Act (2024) European Parliament: Hearing of Committee for Education (2022) Council of Europe: Framework Convention on AI - "Treaty" (2024) 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 23 AI Act EU AI Act (into force: 1st August 2024) Unacceptable risk - prohibited High-risk - regulated Limited risk - transparency and awareness obligations Minimal risk - unregulated General-purpose AI - added later http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 24 AI Act Education in AI Act: •Recitals 4, 48, 44, 56 & 96 •Articles 4 (AI literacy), 5 (Prohibited) & 9 (High-risk) •Annex III (High-risk) http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 25 Framework Convention CoE Treaty no. 225 (5th September 2024) •Human dignity & individual autonomy •Transparency and oversight •Accountability and responsibility •Equality and non-discrimination •Privacy and personal data protection •Reliability •Safe innovation https://rm.coe.int/1680afae3c 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 32 AI&ED Expert Group by CoE Mandate by Ministries of Education: 1. International legal instrument as European law for AIED 2. Recommendation for AI Literacy https://opening-up.education/artificial-intelligence-and-education 33 Artificial Intelligence and Education A view through the lens of human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Legal and organizational requirements. An AIED 2023 workshop Irene-Angelica Chounta, Vania Dimitrova, Christian M. Stracke, Beth Havinga TUT-03 "Ethical AI and Education" Artificial Intelligence & Education: International Regulation for the Human Rights Workshop at AIED 2024 in Recife, Brazil http://aied2024.learning-innovations.eu https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12744447 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 35 And the AI Future? https://tenor.com/de/view/ai-bot-chatgpt-artificial-chat-gpt-gif-282704938762721238 - https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/9wzdncrd29v9?hl=en-US&gl=US 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 36 1. Artificial Intelligence changes more than COVID-19 and any other digital tools 2. Artificial Intelligence has to be globally regulated: in particular in education 3. AI and Education have to focus stronger ethics, democracy and our whole society Central Hypotheses Open Education https://opening-up.education/artificial-intelligence-and-education 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 37 Workshop Overview 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 38 Workshop sessions: Overview http://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu 90 min. 80 min. 30 min. 25 min. 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 39 Session 1: Intro & Scene Setting Q1. Which regulations of AI and education do you know? Q2. Which guidelines for AI and education have you to follow? 90 min. 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 40 Session 2: World Café Procedure at the tables: 1. Reading the open question and clarifying it 2. Collecting contributions (= answers) on the question as post-it at a flipchart or on a notebook 3. Sorting of all collected contributions in open discussion and clustering them Document your results & send them to [email protected] 80 min. 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 41 Session 3: Plenary Presenting the sorted and clustered contributions Discussing and reflecting them 30 min. 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 48 References Stracke, C. M., Burgos, D., Santos-Hermosa, G., Bozkurt, A., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Responding to the initial challenge of COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of international responses and impact in school and higher education. Sustainability, 14(3), 1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031876 [SSCI, Open Access] Awarded by the National Institute for Digital Learning (Ireland) as Global Top 10 COVID-19 research in 2022! Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Santos-Hermosa, G., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on formal education: An international review on practices and potentials of Open Education at a distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6120 [SSCI, Open Access] 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 49 References Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek, C., Burgos, D., Bozkurt, A., Karakaya, Ö., Ossiannilsson, E., Mason, J., Nerantzi, C., Agbu, J.-F., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Shon, J. G., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Farrow, R., Wan, M., Santos-Hermosa, G., & Conole, G. (2021). How COVID-19 has an impact on formal education: A collective international evaluation of open education in distance learning. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI) (pp. 4270-4275). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5764585 Truong, V., Denison, T., & Stracke, C. M. (2021). Developing institutional Open Educational Resource repositories in Vietnam: Opportunities and challenges. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 22(4), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.5582 [SSCI, Open Access] Stracke, C. M., & Skuballa, I. (2021). Using, analysing and evaluating eye-tracking at different educational levels: Towards an evaluation framework for impact assessment. TEM JOURNAL - Technology, Education, Management, Informatics, 10(2), 483-487. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM102-01 [ESCI, Open Access] 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 50 References Stracke, C. M., & Trisolini, G. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on the Quality of MOOCs. Sustainability, 13(11), 5817. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115817 [SSCI, Open Access] Holubinka, K., Stracke, C. M., Forsman, P., & Juutinen, S. (2021). Virtual Internationalization in Higher Education: Design Reflections and Lessons Learned. Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung (ZfHE), 16(2), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.3217/zfhe-16-02/03 [Open Access] Stracke, C. M., van Dijk, G., Fasen, J., Lisdat, F., & Simoens, W. (2020). A Holistic Pedagogical Model for STEM learning and education inside and outside the classroom. In P. Zaphiris & A. Ioannou (Eds.): Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Designing, Developing and Deploying Learning Experiences. LCT 2020, Part I, HCII 2020, LNCS 12205 (pp. 568–581). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50513-4_41 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 51 References Stracke, C. M. (2020). Open Science and Radical Solutions for Diversity, Equity and Quality in Research: A Literature Review of Different Research Schools, Philosophies and Frameworks and Their Potential Impact on Science and Education. In D. Burgos (Ed.), Radical Solutions and Open Science. An Open Approach to Boost Higher Education. Lecture Notes in Educational Technology (pp. 17-37). Springer: Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4276-3_2 [Open Access] Stracke, C. M., Downes, S., Conole, G., Burgos, D., & Nascimbeni, F. (2019). Are MOOCs Open Educational Resources? A literature review on history, definitions and typologies of OER and MOOCs. Open Praxis, 11(4), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.4.1010 [ESCI, Open Access] Stracke, C. M. (2019). Quality Frameworks and Learning Design for Open Education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(2), 180-203. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i2.4213 [SSCI, Open Access] and many more, all are openly and freely available at: http://www.opening-up.education Let us cooperate! [email protected] @christianm.stracke9671 @[email protected] https://www.linkedin.com/in/christian-m-stracke www.opening-up.education 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 52 22nd of July 2025 Ethical AI and Education @ AIED 2025 in Palermo - Stracke at el. 53 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Christian M. Stracke Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED Research [email protected] www.hrz.uni-bonn.de www.opening-up.education Interested? What are your questions?