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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF MUMIYO ON DIURETIC RESPONSE IN DOGS
FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
Bol abae a Dilba khon Fayzi akhmano na
Senio Teache o Andijan S a e Medical Ins i u e, Depa men o Pha macology, Clinical
Pha macology, and Medical Bio echnology
Abs ac . Mumiyo (Shilaji ) is a na u al he bo-mine al compound long used in adi ional medicine
o i s eju ena ing and adap ogenic e ec s. This s udy aimed o e alua e he diu e ic ac i i y o
Khamzaabad mumiyo in dogs ollowing in a enous adminis a ion. Expe imen s we e conduc ed
unde con olled condi ions, and u ine samples we e collec ed hou ly o i e hou s. Mumiyo was
adminis e ed in a enously a doses o 1–50 mg/kg in 0.9% saline solu ion. The esul s showed a
clea , dose-dependen inc ease in u ine ou pu and elec oly e exc e ion, beginning one hou a e
injec ion and las ing up o ou hou s. The diu e ic ac ion was p ima ily associa ed wi h educed
ubula eabso p ion and enhanced enal exc e ion o wa e , sodium, and po assium. These indings
sugges ha Khamzaabad mumiyo exhibi s signi ican diu e ic and na iu e ic p ope ies and may be
use ul o iden i ying and s anda dizing Cen al Asian mumiyo p epa a ions.
Keywo ds: Mumiyo; Shilaji ; diu esis; na iu esis; adi ional medicine; Khamzaabad mumiyo;
in a enous adminis a ion; enal unc ion; wa e –elec oly e balance; adap ogenic compounds
In oduc ion. T adi ional medicine (TM) encompasses he knowledge, skills, and p ac ices based on
heo ies, belie s, and expe iences indigenous o di e en cul u es. I is used o main ain heal h as well
as o p e en , diagnose, imp o e, o ea physical and men al illnesses (1). Consequen ly, a ious
s udies on adi ional medicine ha e been conduc ed, demons a ing ha ce ain na u al medicinal
compounds exe bene icial e ec s on heal h in nume ous diseases (2).
Mumiyo is a he bo-mine al exuda e wi h a long his o y o use in adi ional olk medicine. I o igina es
om he moun ainous egions o India (3, 5) and Russia (including o me USSR egions such as he
U als, Al ai, Caucasus, Kazakhs an, he Sayan Moun ains, Lake Baikal, Uzbekis an, and Tajikis an).
I is also ound in o he coun ies, including China, Pakis an, Nepal, A ghanis an, and Tibe (6).
Mumiyo—known by a ious names such as Shilaji , Silaji a, Ma a hi, o Guja a i (in Hindi), Asphal
(in English), Silaja u (in Bengali), Rock Juice (in Tibe an), Conque o o Moun ains (in Sansk i ),
Haja -ul-Musa o A ak al-Jabal (in A abic), Mumiyo o Mumnaei (in Pe sian), μούμια (in G eek),
Muemu (in Russian), Mumiyo (in Ge man), Mine al Bi umen o Smolensk, Jewish Bi umen, Mine al
Wax, and B agshun—is a na u al subs ance anging in colo om pale b own o da k b ownish-black.
I has been used o o e 3,000 yea s as a eju ena ing and adap ogenic emedy (4).
The o igin o mumiyo is explained by h ee main heo ies: biological, geological, and bio-
mine alogical. The geological heo y sugges s ha mumiyo is he esul o p olonged geological
p ocesses. Acco ding o he biological heo y, i is o med om decomposed plan ma e ial o animal
exc e a unde speci ic physicochemical condi ions. The bio-mine alogical concep p oposes ha
mumiyo esul s om he mechanical con amina ion o i s liquid p ecu so wi h mine al subs ances.
Regional ac o s—including plan species, geological cha ac e is ics o ocks and soil, local
empe a u e, humidi y, and al i ude abo e sea le el—play an impo an ole in in luencing i s
composi ion and he apeu ic p ope ies (8, 9).
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Despi e i s simila physical cha ac e is ics ac oss di e en egions o he wo ld, hese ac o s a ec
he composi ion and p opo ion o i s componen s. In gene al, mumiyo consis s o o ganic compounds
(60–80%), ino ganic compounds (20–40%), and ace elemen s such as Fe, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Mo,
and P (10).
In he 10 h cen u y, Ahwazi, in his book Kamel al-Sanae, ecommended mumiyo o he ea men o
cold headaches, hemop ysis, as hma, and he emo al o a dead e us. A icenna, he enowned Pe sian
physician, in his amous wo k The Canon o Medicine, desc ibed mumiyo as a highly e ec i e
emedy o s eng hening he b ain, enhancing e ili y, and ea ing a a ie y o ailmen s. In he 12 h
cen u y, he Pe sian medical ex Zakhi e Khwa azmshahi by Jo jani ecommended mumiyo o
in lamma ion, ulce s, and u ina y and p os a e diso de s (7).
Mumiyo has been p esc ibed in a ious doses o a wide ange o heal h condi ions, including
u ological and ep oduc i e diso de s, jaundice, galls ones, gas oin es inal diseases, splenomegaly,
epilepsy, hype sensi i i y, ne ous diso de s, ch onic b onchi is, ube culosis, eczema, anemia, and
diabe es (11). Howe e , ungal con amina ion, pa icula ly wi h myco oxins, emains a signi ican
limi ing ac o o i s widesp ead use in mode n medicine (12).
T adi ional medicine specialis s claim ha mumiyo is e ec i e agains condi ions such as loss o
libido, kidney s ones, bone pain and ac u es, os eoa h i is, spondyli is, edema, hemo hoids, aging,
eju ena ion, in ec ions (as an an isep ic), obesi y, ano exia, and weigh loss (9). Owing o he an i-
in lamma o y, an ioxidan , an imu agenic, and immunomodula o y p ope ies o ul ic acid (FA) and
humic acid (HA), he e is e idence sugges ing ha mumiyo may se e as a po en ial agen o cance
p e en ion (10). Mo eo e , a ious doses o mumiyo ha e shown educ ions in blood glucose le els
and a o able e ec s on lipid p o iles in a s (13). Addi ionally, mumiyo ex ac has been ound o
enhance nucleic acid syn hesis and inc ease mine al anspo in o muscle and bone issues (6).
Objec i e o he S udy. In ligh o nume ous s udies and claims ega ding he he apeu ic p ope ies
o mumiyo in T adi ional Medicine (TM), as well as in he Ayu edic and Siddha sys ems o medicine,
and conside ing he lack o comp ehensi e e alua ions on his opic, he p esen s udy aims o p o ide
a p elimina y assessmen o he e ec s o mumiyo a adi ional emedy well known in he ancien
medical p ac ices o bo h he Eas and he Wes on diu e ic ac i i y in dogs ollowing in a enous
adminis a ion.
Me hods o he S udy. The e ec o Khamzaabad mumiyo on diu esis was in es iga ed in
expe imen s conduc ed on dogs. The objec i e o hese expe imen s was o de e mine he op imal
dose o he p epa a ion when adminis e ed h ough di e en ou es. Addi ionally, in o ma ion was
sough ega ding he in luence o he adminis a ion ou e on he diu e ic e ec o mumiyo.
The animals we e main ained in a empe a u e-con olled en i onmen and had ee access o a
s anda d canine die and wa e . U ine samples we e collec ed e e y hou o i e hou s. The i s u ine
sample se ed as a con ol. A e i s collec ion, mumiyo was adminis e ed in a enously in a ious
doses, each dilu ed in 10 mL o 0.9% saline solu ion. The ob ained da a a e p esen ed in Table 1.
Resul s and Discussion. The da a p esen ed in Table 1 indica e ha in a enous adminis a ion o
mumiyo a doses o 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg o body weigh p oduces a diu e ic e ec beginning
app oxima ely one hou a e injec ion and las ing o abou ou hou s. A dose-dependen e ec o
mumiyo was obse ed. When adminis e ed in a enously, he diu e ic esponse de eloped wi hin he
i s hou , and he o e all e ec was mo e p onounced han wi h o he ou es o adminis a ion.
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An analysis o he e ec s o mumiyo on wa e –elec oly e balance and enal unc ion indica es ha
Khamzaabad mumiyo, when adminis e ed o a s ei he as a single dose o o e a p olonged pe iod
a 50 mg/kg, enhances enal exc e ion o wa e , sodium, and po assium. The inc ease in diu esis
appea s o esul p ima ily om a educ ion in ubula eabso p ion. Fu he mo e, when he
ex acellula luid olume was inc eased in a s h ough in a enous adminis a ion o an iso onic
saline solu ion, he esul ing sal and wa e load caused a ma ked inc ease in na iu esis, pa icula ly
in he p esence o mumiyo.
Table 1. E ec o Va ious Doses o Mumiyo on Diu esis in Dogs Following In a enous
Adminis a ion.
Dose, ou e o
adminis a ion
Con ol pe iod
Time a e d ug adminis a ion
1 hou
2 hou
3 hou
4 hou
Sol en (i. .)
43,5 ± 1,0
40,7 ± 1,3
48,2 ± 1,1
46,5± 1,0
45,2 ± 0
Mumiyo 1 mg/kg (i. .)
73,0 ± 1,7
121,0±2,8
137,0 ±2,8
140,0± 3,1
73,8 ± 2
Mumiyo 5 mg/kg (i. .)
51,0 ± 1,1
83,0 ± 1,8
173,0 ±4,0
209,0 ±2,3
117,0 ± 1
Mumiyo 10 mg/kg (i. .)
62,0 ± 1,6
86,0 ± 2,2
213,0 ±3,6
268,0± 6,4
159,0 ± 3
Mumiyo 25 mg/kg (i. .)
12,8 ± 0,6
128,0±3,5
194,0 ±3,5
186,0 ±2,3
149,0 ± 2
Mumiyo 50 mg/kg (i. .)
26,0 ± 3,0
109,0±4,0
232,0 ± 9,6
245,0± 8,8
158,0±7,0
*- The change is s a is ically signi ican compa ed o he con ol.
Conclusions
1. All s udied ypes o mumiyo inc ease diu esis and na iu esis.
2. The p esence o his p ope y in Cen al Asian a ie ies o mumiyo can be used as a c i e ion
o iden i ica ion o he p epa a ion.
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