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Manusc ip Numbe :
2022322
Manusc ip Ti le:
THE IDENTITY OF MOZAMBICAN CULTURE:PARADIGMS,CHARACTERISTICS
AND MANIFESTATIONS.
Due Da e:
4 No embe 2025
Re iewe ’ s Name:
M.J.VENKATESAN.
Re iew Da e:
29/10/2025
Assessmen o he a icle:
1. De ailed C i e ia E alua ion:
Please e alua e he quali y o he a icle om he o llo w ing asp ec s
(Excellen : 5 Good: 4 Mode a e: 3 Gene al: 2 Poo : 1 )
Re iew i ems
Ra ing Resul
[Excellen ]5 - [Poo ]1
The i le is sp eci ic and e lec s he m ain ideas o he a ic le.
5
The abs a c c lea ly p esen s o bje c s, m e hods a nd esul s.
5
The li e a u e e iew and signi icance o he a icle a e explained c lea ly.
5
The esea ch s udy m e hods a e so und a nd a pp o p ia e .
5
The c onclusio ns o sum m a y a e ac cu a e and suppo e d by he c on e n .
5
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Re e ence s a e up-da e d, ade qua e and co e c ly c i ed.
5
The s uc u e is com p ac , sequen ial and log ic al.
5
2.
O e all Recommenda ion (Ma k √ o you ecommenda ion):
Acc ep w i ho u any chang es
√
Acc ep w i h m ino e isions
Conside a e m ajo e isio ns
Re ise and esub m i
Rejec he pap e
3.
Commen s and Sugges ions o he Au ho (s):
Please p o ide an o e all e alua ion o he manusc ip b ie ly (100-200 wo ds):
Fo he m a nusc ip s ha ca nno be publishe d, ple ase spec i y he ina de quac ies.
The a icle “ The iden i y o Mozambican Cul u e: Pa adigms, cha ac e is ics and mani es a ion” is
ecommended o accep ance due o i s cla i y, dep h and schola ly igo . The i le and abs ac e ec i ely
con ey he s udy’ s ocus mozambique’ s mul icul u al, and mul ie hnic iden i y. The li e a u e e iew is
comp ehensi e, in eg a ing bo h global and local pe spec i es. The quali a i e and bibliog aphical me hods a e
app op ia e and well jus i ied. The pape ’ s s uc u e is logical wi h cohe en ansi ions and a s ong conclusion
suppo ed by c edible sou ces. Despi e limi ed isual da a, i o e s ich desc ip i e con en . The language is
clea , academic, and con ex ually ele an . No ably, he wo k’ s inno a ion lies in i s syn hesis o his o ical,
linguis ic, and sociocul u al dimen ions, o e ing a nuance unde s anding o iden i y shaped by colonial and
in e cul u al in luences. O e all, he s udy makes a signi ican con ibu ion o A ican cul u al and pos colonial
s udies, mee ing high academic s anda ds o publica ion.
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app op ia e o e isions o imp o emen s.
Pe spec i es: i le, abs ac , li e a u e e ie w, e sea c h m e hods, ig u es, ables, la nguage e icie nc y, s uc u al log ic ,
inno a ion poin s, e c .
The manusc ip p esen a ele an opic on he iden i y o Mozambican cul u e, add essing he e ec s o
globaliza ion and cul u al di e si y. The i le and abs ac clea ly e lec he s udy’ s pu pose, and he quali a i e
and bibliog aphical app oach is app op ia e o cul u al analysis. The pape ’ s s uc u e could also bene i om
clea ansi ions be ween sec ions. The analysis ha e also been ca ied in acco dance wi h S auss and Co bin
(2008). Tha ’ s why his manusc ip has been accep ed.
Con iden ial Commen s (i any):
N o e ha any c om m en s in his sec io n w ill no be show n o he au ho s.
Plagia ism 0%
Unique 100%
Commen s o he Edi o :
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Resul : Manusc ip accep ed o publica ion.
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11
THE IDENTITY OF MOZAMBICAN CULTURE: PARADIGMS, CHARACTERISTICS AND
MANIFESTATIONS.
Abs ac :
A s a esul o g lobalisa io n, he cul u es o a io us pe op les a e und e go ing
ans o m a ions m o i a e d by he co n ac s o po pula io ns o d i e en o ig ins. Fo his
easo n, his w o k aim s o analyse he ide n i y o M o zam bic an c ul u e. This s ud y is
b ased on quali a i e and bibliog ap hic al esea ch. The esea ch esul s indica e ha
M ozam b ican cul u e is cha ac e ised as being m ul icul u al, m ul ilingual and
m ul ie hnic. The co nclusions o he s udy indica e ha M ozam b ic an cul u e is p a ly
he esul o he in e ac io n o he inhab i an s o his e i o y w i h peop le o m o he
coun ie s, especially he in luence o he A abs and P o uguese w ho d om ina ed his
eg ion o m any yea s.
Keywo ds: cul u e, iden i y, M ozam bique and cus om
In oduc ion
In his in o duc o y sec ion o he pap e , w e w ill p esen he sub jec o he s udy, he
ele ance and signi icanc e o he esea ch, he m o s e le an e sul s, and he co ns i uen
pa s o he a ic le. This a icle, en i led ‘ Id en i y o M ozam b ic an Cul u e ,’ analy ses
a ious aspec s ela ed o M ozam b ic an cul u e . The s ud y is ele an in ha i p o ides an
22
o e iew o he cha ac e is ic s o M ozam b ican cul u e, he eb y con ibu ing o i s
pe ce p io n and app e cia io n. The e o e, he m ul iplici y and di e si y o languages and
e hnic g o ups wi hin he na io nal e i o y is em a kable, w hich m akes i im p o an o
unde s and he essenc e o M ozam b ican cul u al iden i y. F o m his p e spec i e , his s udy
aises he ollow ing e sea c h q ues ion: W ha is he id en i y o M ozam b ican cul u e?
In his co n ex , his s ud y co nsis s o wo pa s: in he i s pa , w e p e sen he
m e hod olog y used o co nduc he esea ch, and in he seco nd pa , w e ad d ess he
ide n i y o M o zam bican c ul u e. The s udy also p ese n s c onc lusio ns and bib lio g aphical
e e ences, m en ioning all he au ho s c i ed in he bo dy o he w o k. The eason o
cho osing his op ic is d ue o an ind i idual cu iosi y o und e s and he c ha ac e is ics o
M ozam b ic an cul u al id en i y. In his ega d, he esul s o he ese a c h indica e ha
M ozam b ic an cul u e is cha ac e ized as being m ul icul u al, m ul iling ual and m ul i-e hnic .
The co nclusions o he s ud y p oin o u ha M o zam bican cul u e is pa ly he esul o he
in e ac io n o he inhabi an s o his e i o y w i h p eo ples o m o he co un ies, esp ec ially
he in lue nce o he A abs and P o ugue se w ho do m ina ed his e gion o a long p e iod.
1. Me hodology
This s ud y w as base d p im a ily o n quali a i e and b ib lio g aphic esea ch. Acco d ing o
S auss and Co b in (2 008 ), quali a i e esea ch p od uces esul s ha c anno b e achie e d
h o ugh s a is ical p oc ed u e s o o he m eans o quan i ica io n. In his yp e o esea c h,
som e d a a can b e quan i ied, suc h as in he c ase o a census o his o ical in o m a ion
abo u people o ob jec s s udied , b u he bulk o he analysis is in e p e a i e. Fo Flick
(2 005 ), q uali a i e esea c h is gea ed ow a ds analyzing speci ic cases in hei
pa icula i ies o im e and space, b ased on peop le's m ani es a ions and ac i i ies in hei
ow n co n ex s, and is co m m o nly used in he ield o psyc holog y and soc ial sciences.
33
Fo M a c oni and Laka os (2 00 7), b ibliog aphic o se co nda y sou ce e sea ch c o e s all
esea ch al eady m ad e pub lic in ela ion o a p a icula a ea o s ud y, o m ind i idual
pub lica io ns, bulle ins, new spap e s, m ag azines, bo oks, ese a c h, m onog ap hs, hese s, e c.
H ow e e , i w ould b e im p ossib le o co nsul e e y hing ha has b ee n w i en on he
subjec unde analysis, whic h is why w e ha e c hosen o selec wha we co nsid e ele an
o em bo dy o u s udy on he iden i y o M o zam bic an c ul u e.
2. The Iden i y o Mozambican Cul u e: Pa adigms, Cha ac e is ics and
Mani es a ions.
This is he m ain pa o o u wo k because we add ess he id en i y o M ozam b ican
cul u e, sp ec i ically ho w i p esen s i sel , m ani es s i sel and i s m ain cha ac e is ic s.
A cco ding o N e o (200 8), c ul u al iden i y c onsis s o analyzing he beha iou s and
iden i y s a eg ies o indi id uals in si ua io ns o in e cul u al in e ac ion. H o we e , he e
is am ple e id enc e ha cul u al iden i y can chang e, as i is a p sycho logic al dim ension
ha c an e ol e h o ugho u li e and who se analysis can highligh p oc esse s, s a eg ies
and in e ind i idual a ia ions w i hin he sam e c ul u al g o up. Fo G idd ens (20 10 ),
cul u e e e s o he w ays o li e o he m em be s o a soc ie y o g oup s belonging o
ha so cie y. The e o e, c ul u e includ es he way hey d e ss, hei o m s o m a iage and
am ily, hei w o k p a e ns, elig io us c e em onies and le isu e ac i i ies. In ano he
d e elop m e n , he a o e m en io ned au ho s a es ha he c ul u e o a so cie y
enco m p asses b o h he in ang ib le asp ec s (belie s, ideas, habi s, cus o m s, alues) ha
cons i u e he con en o cul u e, as w ell as angib le asp ec s (ob jec s, sym bo ls o
echnolog ies) ha ep esen ha co n en .
The Uni ed N a io ns E duc a ional, Scien i ic and Cul u al O g aniza io n (UN E SCO , 2 002 )
44
d e ines cul u e as a se o dis inc i e sp i i ual, m a e ial, in ellec ual and em o ional
ea u es ha cha ac e ize a socie y o so cial g oup . I enc om passe s no only he a s
and le e s, b u also he alue sys em , adi ions and be lie s. A cco ding o H all (20 06 ),
ci ed by Lac ou and B a b osa (n.d .), he na io nal cul u e o he p lace w he e an
indi id ual is bo n is o ne o he m ain so u c es o c ul u al iden i y. W hen indi id uals seek
a de ini ion o hem sel e s, one o he ele an asp ec s is b elong ing o a pa icula
na ionali y. Thus, i is o nly po ssible o und e s and w ha i m eans o be lo ng o a
na ionali y by he w ay i is ep esen e d, b y i s se o m eanings ha esul in na ional
cul u e.
The e o e, Lacou and B a b osa (n. d .) s a e ha i is no p ossib le o de ec an
essen ially M ozam b ican ide n i y, sinc e he e m iniscences o co lo nialism a e p a o he
cons i u ion o he p eo ple as a na io n. Thus, M ozam b ican c ul u al iden i y is la g ely
cons uc ed b y cul u al elem e n s ha p eda e P o uguese c oloniza ion. D isc ussing he
iden i y o M o zam bican c ul u e leads us o analyses he his o ical ac o s ha w e e a
he o igin o he ans o m a io ns o som e cus om s and habi s o he M ozam b ican
p eo ple. A cc o ding o M ede i o s (19 97 ), co lo nial c onques and o cc upa ion de s oy ed he
p ow e and p oli ical- e i o ial o ganiza ion o he A jaua sul ans o N iassa (M a aka,
M e a ika, M akandjila, e c.) as w ell as he g ea M ac ua m am w ene o M e o and Upp e
Lú io (M walia, M ug abu, M w eni, K w am b a, Pe écula and M w eg am e), who had a e y
p ow e ul sem i- eud al p oli ical o g aniza io n and ule d o e num e o us subjec s and as
eg ions.
F om ano he p e spec i e, M ede i o (19 97), no es ha he succession o eg ula ed
g o ups and illage c hie s in no he n M ozam b ique c on inued o be m a ilineal, i.e., om
unc le o eldes ne phew o he eldes sis e . H ow e e , when he la e was e y young ,
he eld es son o he sis e s could suc ceed he d ec eased. Fo N go enha (19 98 ), ci ed b y
N hacum ba (20 11), M ozam b ic an iden i y is he esul o he c ea ion o a M ozam b ican
1111
Conclusion
The esul s o his s ud y indica e ha M o zam bican c ul u e is cha ac e ised as being
m ul icul u al, m ul ilingual and m ul i-e hnic . The e o e, he Rep ublic o M ozam b iq ue is a
e i o y inhab i ed by a io us e hnic -ling uis ic g o ups such as he M akond e, Y ao
M acua-Lom w e, N go ni, Nyanja, Thonga and C hopi-Tho nga. Al houg h hese g oup s exp ess
di e en cul u al exp essions, he y a e sim ila in som e aspec s, such as he p ac ice o
m agical- eligio us i uals and ances o w o ship, am ong o he asp ec s. In his eg a d , he e
is a m ul ip lic i y o na ional lang uages and dialec s, suc h as M acua, Sena, Chang ana,
Chuab o, am ong o he s, w hich a e pa o he c ul u al ide n i y o M ozam b ic ans. In his
co n ex , w hen add e ssing he ide n i y o M o zam bic an c ul u e, he cul u al alues o he
a ious e hnic g o ups inhab i ing his e i o y m us be aken in o ac co un , i.e ., he habi s,
cus o m s, be lie s, eligion and o he c ul u al exp e ssions o each e hnic g oup m us b e
co nside ed, and no g oup sho uld be g i en p io i y o e ano he . Thus, he s udy c onclud ed
ha he iden i y o M ozam b ic an cul u e is pa ly he esul o he in e ac io n o he
inhabi an s o his e i o y w i h peop le s o m o he c oun ie s, esp ec ially he in luence o
he A abs and Po ug uese w ho dom ina ed his egion o a long pe iod . The m os
im p o an m iles ones in he ela io nship and ex e nal in luence ha he M ozam b ican
peop le ha e exp e ienc ed a e, on he one hand , he Swahili c ul u e and Islam ic elig ion ha
is e id en h o ughou he co as al eg io n, w hic h is he e sul o he A ab , Sw ahili and
Pe sian in luenc e ha o a long im e aded w i h he lo cal inhab i an s, and on he o he
hand, w e ha e he exp ansio n o Ch is iani y, esp ec ially in he inland egio ns, and he
Po uguese lang uage, which end ed up b eing ad op ed as he o icial languag e and
language o na ional uni y. In g ene al, w e c an say ha he a io us his o ical p o cesses
ha he M o zam bican co un y (peop le) has und e go ne, beginning w i h he es ab lishm en
o he i s B an u c om m uni ies in his eg io n, o llo we d b y co m m e c ial in e ac io n w i h
1122
A ab, Pe sian and Sw ahili m e c han s, hen im p e ialis agg e ssion (B e lin Co n e ence),
w hic h m a ked he o m al b eg inning o P o ugue se c olo niza io n, and he
po s -indep end enc e p e iod m a ked by he in luenc e o so cialism , as he id eo lo gy o he
F elim o p a y-s a e, ha e co n ibu ed o he M ozam bican cul u al iden i y as i exis s
od ay.
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1144
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