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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17541608
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Volume – II Issue-VI (No embe - Decembe ) 2025
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A RARE CASE OF HYDROALLONTOIS IN NON-DESCRIPT MURRAH
BUFFALO
R. Bas ako i1*, S.P Paudel2
1 Madi Ve e ina y Hospi al, Madi, Chi wan, Nepal, Ins i u e o T opical Medicine in An we p, Belgium
2 Uni e si y o Minneso a, Minneapolis, USA
| Recei ed: 18.10.2025 | Accep ed: 23.10.2025 | Published: 06.11.2025
*Co esponding au ho : R. Bas ako i
Madi Ve e ina y Hospi al, Madi, Chi wan, Nepal, Ins i u e o T opical Medicine in An we p, Belgium
INTRODUCTION
Medical science ope a es
Excessi e luid accumula ion in he ca i y o he u e us du ing
p egnancy is known as hyd ops. I is a spo adic disease condi ion o
p egnan animals. This may be due o non- unc ional ca uncles,
enla ged placen omes, and may be associa ed wi h o he disease
condi ions (Robe s, 1986). Clinically, i p esen s as a dis ended
abdomen, which may be con used wi h a diges i e diso de .
Hyd oallan ois and hyd oamnion a e he wo o ms o u e ine
Abs ac
Hyd oallan ois, an excessi e luid accumula ion in he u e us du ing p egnancy, is a spo adic disease condi ion in p egnan animals.
This case s udy p esen s a a e occu ence o hyd oallan ois in a non-desc ip Mu ah bu alo in Nepal. The bu alo, in he hi d
imes e o p egnancy, exhibi ed a dis ended abdomen, educed ood in ake, and le ha gy. Upon examina ion, bila e al abdominal
dis ension and a hea ily luid- illed u e us we e obse ed. The diagnosis o hyd oallan ois was con i med based on clinical symp oms
and ec al examina ion. T ea men was ini ia ed wi h dexame hasone and PGF₂α analogue injec ions. When a minimal esponse was
seen, he excess luid was d ained h ough he ce ix using a s e ilized ki chen gas pipe. App oxima ely 90 li e s o luid we e d ained,
and a li e, imma u e male e us was ex ac ed. Howe e , he e us died sho ly a e deli e y. The bu alo ecei ed luid he apy o
p e en shock and was subsequen ly ea ed wi h an ibio ics, pain elie medica ion, and mul i i amins. The bu alo g adually
eco e ed, bu nec o ic lesions we e obse ed a he injec ion si e, and subcu aneous emphysema was p esen . Daily d essing and
ho omen a ion we e employed o aid healing. The bu alo e en ually e u ned o no mal heal h and esumed no mal milk p oduc ion.
Keywo ds: Bu alo, Fe us, Fluid he apy, Hyd oallan ois
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17541608
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hyd ops. Among he hyd ops condi ions, 90% o cases a e
hyd oallan ois, while he emaining 10% a e hyd oamnios ( Robe s,
1986; A. Kuma e al., 2019). The e a e di e ences be ween
hyd oallan ois and hyd oamnios in incidence, mechanisms, clinical
signs, diagnos ic signs, squeal, and p ognosis (Noakes e al., 2018).
He e we a e p esen ing a case o hyd oallan ois in a non-desc ip
Mu ah bu alo.
CASE HISTORY AND OBSERVATION
A bu alo wi h a his o y o a dis ended abdomen was p esen ed a
Madi Ve e ina y Hospi al, Madi, Chi wan, Nepal. The a me
no iced ha he abdomen had been g adually inc easing, bu he
bu alo had been dec easing i s ood in ake and becoming less ac i e
day by day. The bu alo was in he hi d imes e (8 mon hs) o
p egnancy. The a me in o med us ha a local echnician had
adminis e ed an i-bloa liquid o h ee days, bu he medicine had
no wo ked. On gene al physical examina ion, i was obse ed ha
he e was bila e al dis ension o he abdomen, wi h a body condi ion
sco e (BCS) o abou 2.5, and sligh anemia. A hea ily luid- illed
u e us and sluggish emi us we e el du ing ec al examina ion.
O he pa ame e s such as i al signs we e no mal, and he e was no
discha ge om he ul a. Due o he la ge amoun o luid, i was
impossible o palpa e he placen ome and e us h ough ec al
examina ion. Based on he symp oms, physical and ec al
examina ion, he case was diagnosed as Hyd oallan ois.
TREATMENT
Ini ially, ea men was s a ed wi h 10 ml o Cu adex I/M
(dexame hasone, 4mg/ml, Concep Pha maceu icals, India) and 5 ml
o Lu alyse I/M (Dinop os T ome hamine, 5 mg/ml, Zoe is Animal
Heal h, Ame ica). Vaginal examina ion was done 24 hou s a e he
ini ial ea men , e ealing ha only one inge was able o pass
h ough he ce ix. As he e was li le esponse o he ea men , 5
ml o Cu adex was adminis e ed, and he a me was eques ed o
closely obse e he bu alo.
The nex day, app oxima ely 20 hou s a e he second dosage o
Cu adex, he a me no iced aginal discha ge. On aginal
examina ion, h ee inge s we e able o pass h ough he ce ix. The
medical eam decided o emo e he excessi e luid by inse ing a
s e ilized ki chen- ype gas pipe h ough he ul a up o he ce ix,
applying gen le p essu e o punc u e he e al memb ane. Abou 90
li e s o luid was slowly d ained ou om he u e us. Fluid he apy
was s a ed pa allelly wi h luid d ainage. A li e imma u e male
e us (wi hou hai ) weighing 18 kg was ex ac ed wi h sligh
o ce ul ac ion. Un o una ely, he e us died a e a ew minu es
o ac ion.
A e d aining he luid, he bu alo was kep on luid he apy o
p e en shock. Fluid he apy h ough he ea ein was adminis e ed
wi h 7 li e s o RL o e a du a ion o 4 hou s, and hen he animal
was main ained on luids. Daily luid he apy was con inued o 4
days a a a e o 3 li e s pe day, along wi h CMBG (Thical, In as
Pha maceu icals, India) 250 ml IV and 150 ml S/C. O he ea men s
included he ollowing: 2 ml o Syn ho il I/M (oxy ocin 5 IU/ml,
Table India Limi ed) was gi en immedia ely a e he e us was
emo ed o ensu e apid u e ine in olu ion and expulsion o he
placen a; P ocapen LA 30 ml I/M (P ocaine penicillin G 150,000 IU,
Benza hine penicillin G 150,000 IU/ml, In e chemie, Ne he lands)
was gi en as an an ibio ic o p e en in ec ion; Melonex-P 20 ml I/M
(Meloxicam 5 mg and Pa ace amol 150 mg/ml, In acin, India) o
pain elie ; Mul i i (Mul i i amin, In e chemie, Ne he lands) was
gi en on al e na e days o 7 days; Conciplex 15 ml (B complex,
Concep Pha maceu icals India) I/M o 7 days; and E Ca e Se
injec ion (In e chemie, Ne he lands) I/M, h ee dosages gi en a
al e na e days. Fou bolus o Sul a d ugs Co im (Asian Pha ma,
Nepal) was pu in o he u e us and U e ine onic, ecbolic Exapa
(Ayu e , India) was adminis a ed o ally ini ially 200 ml ollowed
by 100 ml daily o 5 days o ensu e expulsion o placen a and
p e en diseases associa ed wi h ROP Jagge y was o e ed 150 gm
daily o 15 days o main ain glucose le el in blood.
The bu alo g adually s a ed o ea and e u ned o no mal day by
day, bu nec o ic lesions we e seen a he si e o he subcu aneous
(SC) injec ion and subcu aneous emphysema wi h ai - illed swelling
on he pos e io egion, including he ump and high egion. Regula
d essing wi h po idine-iodine was done a he nec o ic a ea, bu i
con inued o wo sen. On he 13 h day a e e us deli e y, he
nec o ic a ea d opped ou , exposing he issue on bo h sides o he
neck. Daily d essing was con inued o 25 days, and h ee sho s o
P ocaben LA we e gi en a 48-Hou s in e als.
Ho omen a ion wi h wa m muslin clo h (dipped in ho wa e ,
squeezed, and applied immedia ely) wi h gen le p essu e was done
daily o 20 days. Mo e oin men (Recli heal h ca e India) was
opically applied a e ho omen a ion o 20 days. A e all hese
ea men s, he bu alo e u ned o no mal heal h condi ion and
s a ed gi ing milk no mally.
DISCUSSION
Hyd ops is a ges a ional diso de in a m animals wi h no speci ic
cause, and i s occu ence in a m animals is unce ain. Howe e , i
is associa ed wi h in ec ious diseases and de elopmen al de ec s in
he e us (Robe s, 1986; Kapadiya e al., 2018). I may occu due o
an inc ease in he pe meabili y o he cho ioallan oic memb ane o
a dec ease in he ac i e anspo o sodium ions ac oss he
cho ioallan oic memb ane (Kapadiya e al., 2018). Hyd oallan ois
mus be di e en ia ed om hyd oamnion, as well as diges i e
diso de s (e.g., in es inal obs uc ion, ympany), abdominal masses
(e.g., umo s, a nec osis, abscess), ep oduc i e diso de s (e.g.,
pyome a, hyd ome a), and mul iple e uses (P a een e al., 2015).
Some imes, a hea y accumula ion o luid in he abdomen may
inc ease he p essu e on he diaph agm and lungs, leading o
di icul ies in espi a ion, bea ing ex a weigh , ecumbence, and
consequen ly dea h o he animals (Kuma Singh e al., 2020). The
appe i e o an in ec ed animal dec eases due o isce al comp ession
by an enla ged u e us (P. Kuma e al., 2018). In he p esen case,
he animals show symp oms o dec eased appe i e, apid dis ension
o he abdomen, di icul ies in ge ing up, and sluggish mo emen ,
which is simila o he symp oms s a ed ea lie , i.e., sudden bila e al
dis ension o he abdomen, ano exia, lack o umina ion, espi a o y
dis ess, expi a o y g un , di icul y in ge ing up, and cons ipa ion
(Manoka an e al., 2020).
On ec al examina ion, he e us was no el due o a la ge amoun
o luid in he u e us (D os , 2007). I can easily be diagnosed by
indings o a dis o ed u e ine ho n and no palpa ion/ballo emen o
he e us and placen omes, bu his is no possible in small uminan s
(Robe s, 1986; P a een e al., 2015; Sa ish e al., 2019). The
diagnosis o Hyd oallan ois is assis ed by he his o y o apid
inc ease in abdomen size wi hin 20-25 days o he las imes e
(Sa ish e al., 2019). Ul asonog aphy can be a e y use ul
al e na i e o diagnose he condi ion (Kuma e al., 2016; Sa ish e
al., 2019; Kuma Singh e al., 2020).
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Di e en ia ion be ween hyd oallan ois and hyd oamnion can be
made wi h he allan oic luid being wa e y, clea , and ambe -colo ed
ansuda e simila o e al u ine, whe eas he amnio ic luid being a
lub ican has a mucoidal, iscid, and sy upy consis ency (Kuma ,
2019). The ea men plan o hyd oallan ois includes he injec ion
o dexame hasone, lume hasone, and PGF2 alpha adminis a ion
(T oy, 1993; Kapadiya e al., 2018; A. Kuma e al., 2019; C. R.
Kuma e al., 2019). Simul aneously, luid he apy and
dexame hasone a e adminis e ed o p e en hypo olemic shock
(Rangasamy e al., 2013; Kapadiya e al., 2018; C. R. Kuma e al.,
2019). In he case o a closed ce ix, dexame hasone is used (Kuma ,
2019). Some imes, a caesa ian sec ion is ecommended. Suppo i e
he apy, including luids, NSAIDs, dexame hasone, an ibio ics,
painkille s, an ihis amines, and mul i i amins, is ecommended a e
ea men o he eco e y o he animal (Kuma e al. 2016; Sa ish
e al., 2019; P abhaka an, 2020; Kuma Singh e al., 2020).
In his case, 90 li e s o luid we e d ained ou , which is in
acco dance wi h he a e age luid d ainage o 80-100 li e s by
ce icoallan ocen esis (C. R. Kuma e al., 2019; Manoka an e al.,
2020). A ubbe pipe may be used o emo e luid om he u e us
(Kapadiya e al., 2018). U e ine ecbolic sulpha bolus,
me onidazole, and u azolidine may be used o p e en u e ine
in ec ion and subsequen me i is occu ence (Kapadiya e al., 2018;
P a een e al., 2015; Kapadiya e al., 2018; C. R. Kuma e al., 2019).
Pos mo em o he dead e us e ealed he p esence o asce ic luid
in he abdominal ca i y (A. Kuma e al., 2019). The p ognosis o
u u e e ili y is gua ded in cases o ad en i ious placen a ion bu
a o able o nu i ional causes (D os , 2007).
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Fig 1: Bu alo wi h ully dis ended Abdomen
Fig 2: Fluid d ained ou using ki chen gas
pipe
Fig 3: Fluid d ained ou
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17541608
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Fig 4: Bu alo a e luid emo al
Fig 5: nec o ic lesion on neck
Fig 6: Sub cu aneous emphysema a ump
egion
Fig 7: e us
Fig 8: nec o ic lesion on neck a e healing
Fig 9: Fluid he apy
