he jou nal o
biodi e si y da a
NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
1067
Academic edi o : Alessand e Pe ei a-Cola i e
Recei ed: 25 Sep embe 2025
Accep ed: 24 Oc obe 2025
Published: 5 No embe 2025
Copy igh © The au ho s. This is an open-access
a icle dis ibu ed unde e ms o he C ea i e
Commons A ibu ion License (A ibu ion 4.0
In e na ional – CC BY 4.0)
Abs ac . Mydas lies (Dip e a, Mydidae) a e p ima ily ound in a id and semi-a id egions, wi h ew eco ds
om Eas Asia. In Japan, Nemomydas g uenbe gi (He mann, 1914) is he only known species, p e iously e-
po ed mainly om sou he n I iomo e and Ishigaki Islands in he Yaeyama Islands, wi h e y ew eco ds
om no he n I iomo e. He e, we epo newly con i med occu ences om no he n I iomo e Island, based
on di ec obse a ions and specimen collec ions conduc ed in summe . Obse a ions include, o he i s
ime o ou knowledge, pho og aphic documen a ion o a ma ing pai and con i med o iposi ion beha io .
Key wo ds. Biogeog aphy, ci izen science, Eas Asia, habi a p e e ence, Lep omydinae, a e species, Yae-
yama Islands
Wachi N, Yoshida Y (2025) Recen addi ional eco ds o he li le-known mydas ly, Nemomydas g uenbe gi
(He mann, 1914) (Dip e a, Mydidae), om I iomo e Island, sou he n Japan, wi h he i s documen a ion o
ma ing and o iposi ion. Check Lis 21 (6): 1067–1073. h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
INTRODUCTION
Mydas lies (Dip e a, Mydidae) a e dis ibu ed p ima ily in a id and semi-a id egions wo ldwide, wi h he
g ea es di e si y in sou he n A ica (Dikow 2017). This amily includes some o he la ges known lies (Cal-
hau e al. 2015), ye mydids a e gene ally a e and in equen ly encoun e ed (Dikow 2010, 2017; Lyons and Di-
kow 2010). Adul s ypically isi lowe s, al hough some species do no eed, and many exhibi wasp mimic y
(Wilcox 1981; Dikow 2017; O inge e al. 2018; Fe guson and Yea es 2019). La al s ages emain la gely unde-
sc ibed, bu o iposi ion beha io sugges s osso ial p eda ion (Wilcox 1981; Dikow 2017; Fe guson and Yea es
2019). Despi e a global p esence in wa m clima es, eco ds om Eas Asia a e sca ce, and he dis ibu ion and
na u al his o y o mydids in his egion emain poo ly unde s ood (Dikow 2010).
In Japan, only a single species, Nemomydas g uenbe gi (He mann, 1914), has been epo ed, wi h known
occu ences in Taiwan and he Yaeyama Islands (Shi aki 1932; Naga omi and Tawaki 1985; Sugimo o 2014; Fig-
u e 1). While endemic o Taiwan and Japan, s udies on Mydidae in he b oade O ien al Region ha e begun
illing biogeog aphic gaps by documen ing new eco ds om Nepal and Thailand, connec ing p e iously
disjunc occu ences be ween he sou heas e n Palaea c ic (e.g., A ghanis an, I an) and he eas e n O ien al
Region (e.g., Taiwan, Yaeyama Islands) (Dikow 2010). These indings highligh he impo ance o documen -
ing a e o poo ly known species in Eas Asia o imp o e unde s anding o egional Mydidae di e si y and
biogeog aphy.
The i s Japanese eco ds o N. g uenbe gi we e based on specimens om I iomo e and Ishigaki Islands
(Naga omi and Tawaki 1985). Like o he mydids, N. g uenbe gi appea s o be a e, wi h e y ew eco ds.
Illus a ions in Japanese insec ield guides, which no e he species as endemic o Taiwan, desc ibe i as
globally a e (Shi aki 1932), al hough some iden i ica ions a e inconsis en (e.g., indi iduals labeled as males
in illus a ions ha appea o be emale; Naga omi and Tawaki 1985). Recen obse a ions p o ide only lim-
i ed addi ional in o ma ion. The mos ecen eco d, om 2023, appea s o be a Taiwan-based obse a ion
on iNa u alis , while he second-mos ecen eco d, om 2008, was published in a jou nal o he Dip e -
is s’ Club o Japan and is likely held in a p i a e collec ion, hough his is no explici ly s a ed (Sugimo o
2014). Mo eo e , he specimen in ha eco d, o iginally iden i ied as a male, appea s o be emale based
21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
21 (6): 1067–1073
Recen addi ional eco ds o he li le-known mydas ly, Nemomydas
g uenbe gi (He mann, 1914) (Dip e a, Mydidae), om I iomo e
Island, sou he n Japan, wi h he i s documen a ion o ma ing and
o iposi ion
Naka ada Wachi1, Yosuke Yoshida2
1 I iomo e S a ion, T opical Biosphe e Resea ch Cen e , Uni e si y o he Ryukyus, 870 Ueha a, Take omi, Yaeyama, Okinawa 907-1541, Japan
2 Independen esea che , Ueha a, Take omi, Yaeyama, Okinawa 907-1541, Japan
Co esponding au ho : Naka ada Wachi ([email protected] yukyu.ac.jp)
Check Lis 21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
Wachi and Yoshida · Nemomydas g uenbe gi in Japan 1068
on he published igu e (Sugimo o 2014). Some pho og aphs o he species lacking collec ion da es o p e-
cise locali ies a e a ailable online and in popula illus a ed guides (Yamauchi 2022; Kumazawa and Sugu o
2024). Ne e heless, Sugimo o (2014) emains he only o mal published eco d in ecen decades. Mos
domes ic eco ds ha e been limi ed o sou he n I iomo e and Ishigaki Islands, wi h e y ew om no he n
I iomo e. These pa e ns sugges ha ecen eco ds a e o en based on obse a ions a he han on phys-
ical specimens deposi ed in public collec ions, highligh ing bo h he a i y o his species and he alue o
ci izen-science con ibu ions.
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (2025b) lis s 10 occu ence eco ds o he species, including he single iNa u-
alis obse a ion. Among hese, one lacks collec ion da e and locali y da a (Na u alis Biodi e si y Cen e ),
wo a e om he Kagoshima P e ec u al Museum and we e collec ed in Take omi Town in 1982, bu no
men ioned by Naga omi and Tawaki (1985). The labels indica e “Take omi Town,” an adminis a i e uni ha
includes I iomo e Island; hus, he specimens we e mos likely collec ed on he island, al hough his canno
be con i med wi h ce ain y. The emaining six eco ds a e specimens collec ed in Taiwan du ing he 1960s
and deposi ed in he Na ional Museum o Na u al His o y, Smi hsonian Ins i u ion (GBIF 2025).
This species has his o ically been ea ed unde he genus Nemomydas Cu an, 1934 (Lep omydinae)
since i s i s eco d om Japan (Naga omi and Tawaki 1985), and we ollow his usage he e. I was o iginally
desc ibed as Lep omydas g uenbe gi He mann, 1914, bu la e lis ed as Mydas g uenbe gi (He mann, 1914)
(Mydinae) in Sys ema Dip e o um . 6.2 (E enhuis and Pape 2025) and GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (2025a).
To da e, no o mal axonomic e ision has esol ed i s gene ic placemen . Dikow (2010) sugges ed ha i
may mo e app op ia ely belong o Lep omydas wi hin Lep omydinae, consis en wi h he o iginal desc ip-
ion, bu his emains uncon i med. Un il a o mal e ision is published, we ollow he usage Nemomydas
g uenbe gi he e.
In his s udy, we epo newly con i med adul occu ences om no he n I iomo e Island’s coas al o -
es habi a s. A local obse e , he second au ho , submi ed he i s iNa u alis eco d o ma ing beha io
o his globally a e species, highligh ing he po en ial o communi y-based obse a ions. To ou knowl-
edge, pho og aphic eco ds o ma ing o o iposi ion in his species ha e no p e iously been published,
making hese obse a ions pa icula ly no ewo hy. By in eg a ing pas eco ds wi h he new da a, we also
summa ize he seasonal phenology o adul occu ence, con ibu ing o a be e unde s anding o he dis-
ibu ion, ecology, and po en ial conse a ion signi icance o his li le-known Eas Asian mydid species.
METHODS
The s udy si e was isi ed in e mi en ly, and obse a ions we e conduc ed p ima ily by isual sea ch du ing
day ime. The si e was loca ed nea he sea, wi h a sandy g ound subs a e (Figu es 1, 2A). Some indi iduals
we e collec ed using an insec ne , and pho og aphic eco ds we e aken; se e al o hese obse a ions
Figu e 1. Dis ibu ion map o Nemomydas
g uenbe gi. Filled ci cles indica e he
addi ional locali y epo ed in he p esen
s udy; open ci cles ep esen locali ies om
p e ious s udies and an online obse a ion
(Naga omi and Tawaki 1985; Sugimo o
2014; Wang 2025). The locali y “Haegishi” in
I iomo e Island (Naga omi and Tawaki 1985)
is shown as unce ain due o i s unclea
geog aphical posi ion.
Check Lis 21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
Wachi and Yoshida · Nemomydas g uenbe gi in Japan 1069
we e epo ed on iNa u alis . A subs an ial numbe o indi iduals we e only obse ed wi hou collec ion
o pho og aphy and some o hese uncollec ed indi iduals a e desc ibed he e as obse a ion eco ds. Ex-
e nal mo phology o he specimens was examined unde a s e eomic oscope and pho og aphed using
a digi al came a wi h a zoom lens (L-851 and L-870, HOZAN). Species iden i ica ion ollowed Shi aki (1932)
and Naga omi and Tawaki (1985). The examined specimens a e deposi ed in he I iomo e S a ion, T opical
Biosphe e Resea ch Cen e , Uni e si y o he Ryukyus (TBRCI).
Based on hese eco ds, obse a ion da es, beha io s, and collec ion si es we e compiled o gain insigh
in o aspec s o he li e his o y o his species on I iomo e Island. Fu he mo e, p e ious collec ion eco ds
om ea lie s udies (Naga omi and Tawaki 1985; Sugimo o 2014), addi ionally, occu ence da a eco ded on
GBIF (2025) including an iNa u alis obse a ion (Wang 2025), we e e iewed and in eg a ed o comp e-
hensi e analysis oge he wi h he esul s o his s udy. The base map was downloaded om DIVA-GIS . 1.4
(Hijmans e al. 2001) and isualized using QGIS . 3.8 (QGIS 2019).
The ini ial English ansla ion o he manusc ip was pe o med using DeepL, and he cla i y and luency
o he English ex we e u he e ined wi h he assis ance o Cha GPT (OpenAI). All con en was ho oughly
e iewed and inalized by he au ho s.
RESULTS
Nemomydas g uenbe gi (He mann, 1914)
Japanese name: ムシヒキアブモドキ, Mushihiki-abu-modoki
Figu es 2B–F, 3A–I
Lep omydas g uenbe gi He mann 1914: 34 (o iginally spelled g ünbe gi) — Shi aki 1932: 144 (as g ünbe gi).
Nemomydas g uenbe gi — Naga omi and Tawaki 1985: 125; Dikow 2010: 71.
New eco ds. JAPAN — Ryukyu Islands • Okinawa P e ec u e, I iomo e-jima Island, Ueha a, Tudu-
ma i-no-hama [西表島, 竹富町上原, トゥドゥマリの浜]; 24°25′23″N, 123°46′28″E; 28.VII.2024; N. Wa-
Figu e 2. Habi a and indi iduals in
na u e o Nemomydas g uenbe gi. A.
Habi a whe e indi iduals o Nemomydas
g uenbe gi we e obse ed on I iomo e
Island, Okinawa, Japan. B. Li e male,
28.VII.2024 (by Naka ada Wachi [@
wachinaka ada]; iNa u alis (2025a)), also
shown in Figu e 3A–E as a d y specimen. C.
Ma ing pai , 18.VI.2025 (by Yosuke Yoshida
[@na u alis 134662]; iNa u alis (2025b)). D.
Ma ing pai , 3.VIII.2025 (by Yosuke Yoshida
[@na u alis 134662]; iNa u alis (2025c)). E.
O iposi ing emale, 7.VIII.2025 (by Naka ada
Wachi [@wachinaka ada]; iNa u alis
(2025d)), also shown in Figu e 3H, I as a d y
specimen. F. O iposi ing emale, 7.VIII.2025
(by Naka ada Wachi [@wachinaka ada];
iNa u alis (2025e)).
Check Lis 21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
Wachi and Yoshida · Nemomydas g uenbe gi in Japan 1070
chi leg.; iNa u alis ID: 314747945; 1 ♂, TBRCI, Nem-g u-01 • same locali y; 26.VII.2025; Y. Yoshida leg.; 1 ♂,
TBRCI, Nem-g u-02 • same locali y; 29.VII.2025; same collec o ; 2 ♂, TBRCI, Nem-g u-03, 04 • same locali y;
30.VII.2025; same collec o ; 4 ♂, TBRCI, Nem-g u-05–08 • same locali y; 3.VIII.2025, same collec o ; in copula;
1 ♂ 1 ♀, TBRCI, Nem-g u-09, 10 • same collec ion da a; 2 ♂, TBRCI, Nem-g u-11, 12 • same locali y; 4.VIII.2025;
same collec o ; 3 ♂, TBRCI, Nem-g u-13–15 • same locali y; 7.VIII.2025; N. Wachi & Y. Yoshida leg.; in o iposi-
ion, iNa u alis ID: 314748279; 1 ♀, TBRCI, Nem-g u-16 • same collec ion da a; in o iposi ion, iNa u alis ID:
314748483; 1 ♀, TBRCI, Nem-g u-17 • same collec ion da a; iNa u alis ID: 314748220, 314748243, 314748298 and
314748460; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, TBRCI, Nem-g u-18–21.
Iden i ica ion. The specimens we e iden i ied as Nemomydas g uenbe gi based on Shi aki (1932) and
Naga omi and Tawaki (1985), wi h ex e nal mo phology (Figu e 3A–H) consis en wi h hose desc ip ion
and wi h ea lie eco ds om I iomo e and Ishigaki Islands in Japan. Al hough his species was o iginally
desc ibed as Lep omydas g uenbe gi and la e lis ed as Mydas g uenbe gi in some da abases, no o mal ax-
onomic e ision has ye cla i ied i s gene ic placemen . The occu ence o his genus in he O ien al Region
is biogeog aphically unusual, and u u e axonomic s udies, including molecula phylogene ic analyses,
a e needed. P e ious wo k (e.g., Dikow 2010) sugges ed ha he species may mo e app op ia ely belong o
Lep omydas, bu his emains uncon i med pending u he phylogene ic s udy. In he absence o a pub-
lished e ision, and because only a single species o his g oup is known om he Yaeyama Islands, we use
he name Nemomydas g uenbe gi he e o p ac ical pu poses, while acknowledging ha i s classi ica ion
may change in he u u e. Al hough he p esen specimens we e iden i ied as his species based on cu -
en knowledge, some indi iduals showed sligh mo phological di e ences, pa icula ly in body colo a ion,
when compa ed wi h images a ailable on GBIF (Wang 2025), which a e based on iNa u alis obse a ions.
The pale colo a ion closely esembled ha o a newly eme ged indi idual o Diochlis us g acilis (Macqua ,
1847) (Diochlis inae) and Mil inus idua us (Wes wood, 1835) (Apiopho inae) illus a ed in Fe guson and
Yea es (2019), sugges ing ha he obse ed a ia ion may e lec a ene al condi ion a he han signi ican
axonomic di e ences. While he species is cu en ly ega ded as occu ing in Taiwan and Japan, hese pos-
sible mo phological a ia ions highligh he need o u he axonomic eassessmen , po en ially including
molecula analyses.
Figu e 3. Nemomydas g uenbe gi om
I iomo e Island, Okinawa, Japan. A–G. –
Male. A. Habi us (la e al iew). B. Head
(la e al iew). C. Tho ax (la e al iew). D.
Wing ( igh ). E. Abdomen (do sal iew).
F. Te minal segmen s o abdomen (do sal
iew). G. Same ( en al iew). H, I. –
Female. H. Te minal segmen s o abdomen
(do sal iew). I. Same ( en al iew).
Check Lis 21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
Wachi and Yoshida · Nemomydas g uenbe gi in Japan 1071
Obse a ion eco ds. JAPAN — Ryukyu Islands • Okinawa P e ec u e, I iomo e-jima Island, Ueha a, Tudu-
ma i-no-hama [西表島, 竹富町上原, トゥドゥマリの浜]; 24°25′23″N 123°46′28″E; 18.VI.2025; Y. Yoshida
obs.; in copula; 1 ♂, 1 ♀; iNa u alis ID: 291120186 • same locali y; 22.VII.2025, same obse e ; in copula; 1 ♂, 1 ♀;
iNa u alis ID: 300111389 • same locali y; 3.VIII.2025; same obse e ; in copula; 1 ♂, 1 ♀; iNa u alis ID: 306672829
• same locali y; 5.VIII.2025; same obse e ; 7 sex inde . • same locali y; 6.VIII.2025; same obse e ; in copula; 1
♂, 1 ♀; iNa u alis ID: 307200800 • same obse a ion da a; 4 ♂ • same locali y; 7.VIII.2025; N. Wachi obs.; 1 ♂
• same locali y; 8.VIII.2025; Y. Yoshida obs.; in copula; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ • same obse a ion da a; 1 ♂ • same locali y;
10.VIII.2025, same obse e , 1 ♀; iNa u alis ID: 306141507.
Obse ed habi a and phenology. Adul s we e obse ed om June o Augus in he p esen s udy. A
p e ious eco d om he Yaeyama Islands includes a specimen collec ed in May (Naga omi and Tawaki 1985),
bu o he wise he phenology appea s la gely consis en wi h ou obse a ions (Figu e 4). The si e wi h he
highes abundance, including obse a ions o bo h ma ing and o iposi ion beha io , was loca ed beside a
cul i a ed ield wi hin a o es ed a ea, cha ac e ized by a ela i ely open en i onmen (Figu e 2A). P e ious
eco ds (e.g., Naga omi and Tawaki 1985; Sugimo o 2014) also indica e occu ences nea coas al habi a s. In
Taiwan, a p esumed conspeci ic was obse ed a Takao, simila ly close o he sho e (Wang 2025). E en when
including indi iduals obse ed isually, emales we e ma kedly ewe han males (28 ♂ s. 10 ♀). O hese
emales, only ou we e obse ed alone, and wo o hem we e o iposi ing. This male-biased pa e n has
also been epo ed in p e ious s udies, whe e collec ed specimens included 18 ♂ and 4 ♀ (Naga omi and
Tawaki 1985). Such a bias may e lec beha io al di e ences be ween males and emales, simila o pa e ns
desc ibed o Rhaphiomidas e mina us abdominalis (C aze , 1985) (Rhaphiomidinae; Kingsley 1996).
Ma ing and o iposi ion beha io . Se e al ma ing pai s we e obse ed on sunny days du ing dayligh .
In all cases, he male and emale we e o ien ed in he same di ec ion, wi h he male g asping he emale’s
ho ax and/o wings (Figu e 2C, D). The male geni alia appea ed o be o a ed app oxima ely 180°, connec -
ing o he emale by w apping om he en al side (Figu e 2C, D). Bo h he ma ing pos u e and geni al
o ien a ion closely esembled hose o D. g acilis (Diochlis inae; Fe guson and Yea es 2019). On a di e en
day a he same si e, wo emales we e seen inse ing he ips o hei abdomens in o he soil (Figu e 2E, F).
Al hough eggs we e no di ec ly obse ed, his beha io closely ma ches o iposi ion beha io epo ed o
R. . abdominalis in Kingsley (1996), E emomidas a abicus Bequae , 1961 (Lep omydinae) in Dikow (2017) and
D. g acilis in Fe guson and Yea es (2019), and is he e o e in e p e ed as o iposi ion.
DISCUSSION
The new eco ds om he no he n pa o I iomo e Island demons a e ha Nemomydas g uenbe gi is no
es ic ed o he island’s sou he n egions, whe e i was p e iously documen ed (Naga omi and Tawaki
1985; Sugimo o 2014). This sugges s ha he species may be mo e widely dis ibu ed ac oss he island han
p e iously ecognized. Adul s we e obse ed p ima ily in summe , and he con i ma ion o ma ing and o i-
posi ion p o ides one o he e y ew de ailed accoun s o he ep oduc i e ecology o an Eas Asian mydid
ly. Al hough obse a ions ceased a e ea ly Sep embe , mydids a e gene ally known o ha e sho -li ed as
adul s (Lyons and Dikow 2010; Calhau e al. 2015), sugges ing ha N. g uenbe gi likely eme ges o a limi ed
pe iod, consis en wi h he sca ci y o his o ical eco ds.
Figu e 4. Numbe o indi iduals o
Nemomydas g uenbe gi obse ed pe
island, sepa a ed by sex whe e known and
g ouped in o 5-day bins om May o Oc o-
be . Whi e, black, and g ay ba s ep esen
males, emales, and indi iduals whose sex
could no be de e mined, espec i ely.
Upwa d solid iangles (▲) indica e bins
in which ma ing beha io was obse ed,
and hollow iangles (△) indica e bins
whe e o iposi ion beha io was obse ed.
His o ical da a we e inco po a ed om he
li e a u e and GBIF as ollows: I iomo e - 4
♂ and 1 ♀ in May, 1 ♀ in July, and 4 ♂ in
Augus ; Ishigaki - 9 ♂ and 2 ♀ in July, 1
♂ in Augus (Naga omi and Tawaki 1985);
I iomo e - 1 ♀ in Augus (Sugimo o 2014);
I iomo e - 2 indi iduals in July; Taiwan - 2 ♂
in June, 4 indi iduals including 1 ♂ in July,
and 1 ♀ in Oc obe (GBIF 2025).
Check Lis 21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
Wachi and Yoshida · Nemomydas g uenbe gi in Japan 1072
Indi iduals we e obse ed in ela i ely open a eas a he o es edge nea he coas . Mos o p e ious
eco ds om sou he n I iomo e and Taiwan also o igina ed om open coas al habi a s, indica ing a gene al
p e e ence o such en i onmen s. While he gene ic placemen o his species emains unce ain, membe s
o Nemomydas a e ypically associa ed wi h ho , d y habi a s wi h sandy soils, especially in a id egions
(Wilcox 1981; Woodley 2009). F equen obse a ions o males, along wi h copula ion and o iposi ion nea
males, sugges po en ial sexual di e ences in habi a use and mic ohabi a p e e ence, echoing beha io al
pa e ns epo ed in o he mydids, such as R. . abdominalis, whe e males and emales occupy dis inc mi-
c ohabi a s o speci ic beha io s (Kingsley 1996).
Mydid la ae a e hough o occu no only in sandy subs a es bu also in decomposing wood, such as
s umps o allen logs, whe e hey p ey on o he insec la ae (Wilcox 1981; Woodley 2009; Dikow 2017; Fe gu-
son and Yea es 2019). Al hough he la al ecology o N. g uenbe gi emains unknown, i is plausible ha his
species simila ly exploi s p ey in sandy o semi-decayed en i onmen s. The obse ed ac i i y in ela i ely
open coas al o es -edge habi a s sugges s ha such en i onmen s may be c i ical esou ces, suppo ing
bo h adul and po en ially la al s ages.
These new eco ds ex end he known dis ibu ion o N. g uenbe gi o no he n I iomo e Island and p o-
ide aluable ecological in o ma ion o his li le-known species. Coas al sandy habi a s wi h high na u al
in eg i y a e declining ac oss Japan, and ly species dependen on such en i onmen s, including Clinopogon
sau e i Bezzi, 1910 (Asilidae), o en show highly localized dis ibu ions (U suki 2014; Hayashi 2015). Nemom-
ydas g uenbe gi may ep esen ano he case, po en ially se ing as an indica o o ecosys em in eg i y in
he Yaeyama Islands’ coas al habi a s. Mo e b oadly, ou s udy con ibu es o unde s anding he ecology o
Mydidae in Eas Asia, complemen ing knowledge o mydid lies om a id and semi-a id egions wo ldwide.
Con inued moni o ing, including in es iga ions in o la al mic ohabi a s and li e his o y, will be essen ial o
bo h conse a ion and o placing Eas Asian species wi hin he global con ex o his uncommon ly am-
ily. In addi ion, because such species a e a ely encoun e ed and o en o e looked, obse a ions made by
non-p o essional esea che s h ough ci izen-science ini ia i es can p o ide c i ical con ibu ions. Engaging
a b oade communi y o obse e s may help de ec new popula ions, documen beha io s, and ul ima ely
imp o e ou unde s anding o he ecology and conse a ion needs o elusi e axa such as N. g uenbe gi.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We since ely hank Alessand e Pe ei a-Cola i e, he subjec edi o ; Juliana Rod igues, he p e- e iew edi o ;
Robe Fo sy h, he copy edi o ; and To s en Dikow, he e iewe o hei cons uc i e eedback, which
g ea ly imp o ed he quali y o his manusc ip . We a e g a e ul o Mo iyasu Miyamo o o kindly g an ing
us pe mission o access he managed land.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Con lic o in e es
The au ho s decla e ha no compe ing in e es s exis .
E hical s a emen
No e hical s a emen is epo ed.
Au ho con ibu ions
Concep ualiza ion: NW. Da a cu a ion: NW. Fo mal analysis: NW. Funding acquisi ion: NW. In es iga ion: NW,
YY. Me hodology: NW. P ojec adminis a ion: NW. Resou ces: NW, YY. So wa e: NW. Supe ision: NW. Vali-
da ion: NW, YY. Visualiza ion: NW. W i ing – o iginal d a : NW. W i ing – e iew & edi ing: NW, YY.
Au ho ORCID iD
Naka ada Wachi h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0001-9958-5093
Da a a ailabili y
All da a ha suppo he indings o his s udy a e a ailable in he main ex . Da a o specimens ob ained
in his s udy will be deposi ed in GBIF ia he Penso IPT and a ailable a he ollowing link: h ps://doi.
o g/10.15468/w2pw k.
REFERENCES
Calhau JC, Lamas CJE, Nihei S (2015) Re iew o he Gau omydas gian lies (Insec a, Dip e a, Mydidae), wi h desc ip ions o wo
new species om Cen al and Sou h Ame ica. Zoo axa 4048 (3): 392–411. h ps://doi.o g/10.11646/zoo axa.4048.3.3
E enhuis NL, Pape T (2025) Nomencla o De ail Reco d. Sys ema Dip e o um 6.2. h p://www.dip e a.o g/Nomencla o /
De ails/87894. Accessed on: 2025-8-15.
Check Lis 21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.6.1067
Wachi and Yoshida · Nemomydas g uenbe gi in Japan 1073
Dikow T (2010) New species and new eco ds o Mydidae om he A o opical and O ien al egions (Insec a, Dip e a, Asiloidea).
ZooKeys 64: 33–75. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/zookeys.64.464
Dikow T (2017) 47. Mydidae (mydas lies). In: Ki k-Sp iggs AH, Sinclai BJ (Eds.) Manual o A o opical Dip e a. Vol. 2. Nema oce -
ous Dip e a and lowe B achyce a. Su ica a 5. Sou h A ican Na ional Biodi e si y Ins i u e, P e o ia, Sou h A ica, 1063–1095.
Fe guson DJ, Yea es DK (2019) Imma u e s ages o wo Aus alian mydas lies (Dip e a: Mydidae) o he gene a Diochlis us and
Mil inus. Aus al En omology 58: 409–417. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/aen.12326
GBIF (2025) GBIF Occu ence. h ps://doi.o g/10.15468/dl.bznz8m. The Global Biodi e si y In o ma ion Facili y. Accessed on: 2025-
9-18.
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (2025a) Mydas g uenbe gi (He mann, 1914). h ps://www.gbi .o g/species/5080942. The Global Biodi-
e si y In o ma ion Facili y. Accessed on: 2025-8-15.
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (2025b) Nemomydas g uenbe gi (He mann, 1914). h ps://www.gbi .o g/species/11330578. The Global
Biodi e si y In o ma ion Facili y. Accessed on: 2025-9-18.
Hayashi M (2015) Ma ine and coas al insec s in Shimane P e ec u e, Wes Japan. Special Bulle in o he Hoshizaki G een Founda ion
14: 1–120. [In Japanese wi h English i le and abs ac ]
He mann H (1914) H. Sau e ’s Fo mosa-Ausbeu e. Mydaidae e Asilidae (Dasypogoninae, Laph inae e Lep ogas inae) (Dip .). En o-
mologische Mi eilungen 3: 33–44.
Hijmans RJ, Gua ino L, C uz M, Rojas E (2001) Compu e ools o spa ial analysis o plan gene ic esou ces da a: 1. DIVA-GIS. Plan
Gene ic Resou ces Newsle e 127: 15–19.
iNa u alis (2025a) h ps://www.ina u alis .o g/obse a ions/314747945. Accessed on: 2025-9-18.
iNa u alis (2025b) h ps://www.ina u alis .o g/obse a ions/291120186. Accessed on: 2025-7-29.
iNa u alis (2025c) h ps://www.ina u alis .o g/obse a ions/306672829. Accessed on: 2025-9-18.
iNa u alis (2025d) h ps://www.ina u alis .o g/obse a ions/314748279. Accessed on: 2025-9-18.
iNa u alis (2025e) h ps://www.ina u alis .o g/obse a ions/314748483. Accessed on: 2025-9-18.
Kingsley KJ (1996) Beha io o he Delhi Sands lowe -lo ing ly (Dip e a: Mydidae), a li le-known endange ed species. Annals o
he En omological Socie y o Ame ica 89 (6): 883–891. h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/aesa/89.6.883
Kumazawa T, Sugu o T (2024) 最大のハエ、最小のハエ [The la ges ly and he smalles ly] In: Imai Y (Ed.) The handbook o
lies. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan, Tokyo, Japan, 88. [In Japanese]
Lyons KM, Dikow T (2010) Taxonomic e ision o Ec yphus Ge s aecke , 1868 and Pa ec yphus Hesse, 1972 wi h a key o wo ld
Ec yphinae (Insec a, Dip e a, Mydidae). ZooKeys 73: 25–59. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/zookeys.73.840
Naga omi A, Tawaki K (1985) Nemomydas, new o he O ien al egion (Dip e a, Mydidae). Memoi s o he Kagoshima Uni e si y
Resea ch Cen e o he Sou h Paci ic 6 (1): 114–129.
O inge AB, Kelly SL, Wolle DA (2018) Flowe - eeding by wo species o mydas ly (Dip e a: Mydidae) in Flo ida, wi h no es
on ee- o m Licania michauxii (Gophe apple). Sou heas e n Na u alis 17 (2): N19–N27. h ps://doi.o g/10.1656/058.017.0208
QGIS (2019) QGIS Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys em. QGIS Associa ion. h ps://www.qgis.o g/. Accessed on: 2019-11-29.
Shi aki T (1932) むしひきあぶもどき [Mushihiki-abu-modoki]. In: Uchida S (au ho ep esen a i e) Iconog aphia Insec o um
Japonico um. Hoku yukan, Tokyo, Japan, 144. [In Japanese]
Sugimo o T (2014) 八重山諸島のムシヒキアブモドキとツリアブモドキの記録 [Reco d o Nemomydas g uenbe gi
and A iadops ja anus [sic] om he Yaeyama Islands]. Hana Abu 37: 31. [In Japanese]
U suki N (2014) Family Asilidae and Mydidae. In: he edi o ial commi ee o Ca alogue o he Insec s o Japan (Ed.) Ca alogue o
he Insec s o Japan, Volume 8 Dip e a, Pa 1 Nema oce a – B achyce a Aschiza. Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, Japan, 397–407. [In
Japanese]
Wang SK (2025) iNa u alis Resea ch-g ade Obse a ions. iNa u alis .o g. Occu ence da ase h ps://doi.o g/10.15468/ab3s5x
accessed ia GBIF.o g. h ps://www.gbi .o g/occu ence/4863645040. Accessed on: 2025-09-26.
Wilcox J (1981) Mydidae. In: McAlpine JF, Pe e son BV, Shewell GE, Teskey HJ, Vocke o h JR, Wood DM (Eds.) Manual o Nea c ic Dip-
e a. Volume 1. Resea ch B anch, Ag icul u e Canada Resea ch B anch, Monog aph, 27: 533–540.
Woodley NE (2009) Mydidae. In: B own BV, Bo ken A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado MA (Eds.) Manual o Cen-
al Ame ican Dip e a, Volume 1. NRC Resea ch P ess, O awa, Canada, 579–583.
Yamauchi T (2022) ムシヒキアブモドキ [Mushihiki-abu-modoki]. In: Ma uyama M, Nagashima S, Nakamine H (Eds.) 学研図
鑑 LIVE, 新版昆虫 [Gakken Illus a ed Guide LIVE: New Edi ion Insec s]. Gakken Plus, Tokyo, Japan, 253. [In Japanese]
