DIW Be lin / SOEP (Ed.)
Resea ch Repo
SOEP-Co e 34 - HGEN: Household- ela ed s a us and
gene a ed a iables
SOEP Su ey Pape s, No. 759
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Ge man Ins i u e o Economic Resea ch (DIW Be lin)
Sugges ed Ci a ion: DIW Be lin / SOEP (Ed.) (2019) : SOEP-Co e 34 - HGEN: Household- ela ed s a us
and gene a ed a iables, SOEP Su ey Pape s, No. 759, Deu sches Ins i u ü Wi scha s o schung
(DIW), Be lin
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759
SOEP Su ey Pape s
Se ies D – Va iable Desc ip ions and Coding
SOEP — The Ge man Socio-Economic Panel a DIW Be lin 2019
SOEP-Co e 34 – HGEN: Household-
Rela ed S a us and Gene a ed
Va iables
SOEP G oup
Running since 1984, he Ge man Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is a wide- anging ep esen a i e
longi udinal s udy o p i a e households, loca ed a he Ge man Ins i u e o Economic Resea ch,
DIW Be lin.
The aim o he SOEP Su ey Pape s Se ies is o ho oughly documen he su ey’s da a collec ion and
da a p ocessing.
The SOEP Su ey Pape s is comp ised o he ollowing se ies:
Se ies A – Su ey Ins umen s (E hebungsins umen e)
Se ies B – Su ey Repo s (Me hodenbe ich e)
Se ies C – Da a Documen a ion (Da endokumen a ionen)
Se ies D – Va iable Desc ip ions and Coding
Se ies E – SOEPmoni o s
Se ies F – SOEP Newsle e s
Se ies G – Gene al Issues and Teaching Ma e ials
The SOEP Su ey Pape s a e a ailable a h p://www.diw.de/soepsu eypape s
Edi o s:
D . Jan Goebel, DIW Be lin
P o . D . S e an Liebig, DIW Be lin and F eie Uni e si ä Be lin
D . Da id Rich e , DIW Be lin
P o . D . Ca s en Sch öde , DIW Be lin and F eie Uni e si ä Be lin
P o . D . Jü gen Schupp, DIW Be lin and F eie Uni e si ä Be lin
D . Sabine Zinn, DIW Be lin
Please ci e his pape as ollows:
SOEP G oup, 2019. SOEP-Co e 34 – HGEN: Household-Rela ed S a us and Gene a ed Va iables.
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759: Se ies D – Va iable Desc ip ions and Coding. Be lin: DIW Be lin/SOEP
This wo k is licensed unde a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion-Sha eAlike 4.0 In e na ional License.
© 2019 by SOEP
ISSN: 2193-5580 (online)
DIW Be lin
Ge man Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)
Moh ens . 58
10117 Be lin
Ge many
soeppape [email protected]
The Ge man Socio Economic Panel a DIW Be lin
SOEP-Co e 34 – HGEN:
Household-Rela ed S a us and Gene a ed
Va iables
SOEP G oup
2019
The ile hgen is pa o a collec ion, which is eleased wi h doi:10.5684/soep. 34.
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
Con en s
1 Gene al In o ma ion 4
2 Sample In o ma ion 4
hid – Cu en Household Numbe (=BHHHNR) .................. 4
cid – Case-ID, O iginal Household Numbe ..................... 5
syea – Su ey Yea ................................... 6
3 Gene al Housing In o ma ion 6
hgacquis – Means O Acqui ing Dwelling ...................... 6
hgcns y min – Ea lies Possible Cons uc ion Yea o Dwelling ........... 7
hgcns y max – La es Possible Cons uc ion Yea o Dwelling ........... 8
hgcondi – Condi ion O House ............................ 9
hg e al – Ren O Dwelling Vs Compa able Dwellings ............... 9
hgnu s1 – NUTS-Sys ema ic-1 (Fede al S a e) .................... 10
4 Equipmen o he Dwelling 11
hg oom – Numbe O Rooms La ge Than 6 Sq M ................. 11
hgeqpbas – Dwelling Has Basemen ......................... 12
hgeqp hea – Equipmen : Floo Hea ing ........................ 12
hgeqpga – Dwelling Has Ga den ........................... 12
hgeqphea – Dwelling Has Cen al,Floo Hea .................... 13
hgeqpinsul – Equipmen : The mal Insula ion .................... 13
hgeqpiwc – Dwelling Has Indoo Toile ........................ 13
hgeqpki – Dwelling Has Ki chen ........................... 14
hgeqpli – Dwelling Has An Ele a o ......................... 14
hgeqpmglass – Equipmen : a Leas Double Glazing ................ 15
hgeqpnoba – Equipmen : Ba ie F ee Fu nishing ................. 15
hgeqpn j – Dwelling Has Al e na i e Ene gy Sou ce ................ 15
hgeqppa k – Equipmen : Ga age/ Pa king Space .................. 16
hgeqpshw – Dwelling Has Indoo Ba h,Showe ................... 16
hgeqpsol – Dwelling Has Sola Sys em ........................ 16
hgeqp el – Dwelling Has Tele one ........................... 17
hgeqp e – Dwelling Has Balcony,Te ace ...................... 17
hgeqpwa – Dwelling Has Wa e , Biole ........................ 18
hgeqpai – Dwelling Has Ai Condi ione ...................... 18
hgeqpalm – Dwelling Has Ala m Sys em ....................... 18
5 Cos s o Li ing, Size, and Rooms (Impu ed Va iables) 19
hg en – Amoun O Ren Minus Hea ing Cos s ................... 19
hg en in o – Pays Ren and/o U ili ies ........................ 21
hgno en – Does No Pay Ren ............................. 21
hgelec – Cos s o Elec ici y (gen) .......................... 22
hgelec in o – Reason o Missing Elec ic y Cos s .................. 23
hggas – Cos s o Gas (EUR) .............................. 23
hggasin o – Reason o Missing Gas Cos s ...................... 24
hghea – Cos s O Wa m Wa e , Gen ......................... 24
hghea in o – Reason o Missing Hea ing Cos s ................... 25
hgmo ey – Yea Mo ed In o Dwelling ........................ 26
hgu il – O he Mon hly U ili y Cos s ......................... 27
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 2

SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
hgu ilin o – Reason o Missing Addi ional U ili y Cos s .............. 27
hgse al – Adequacy O Li ing Space In Housing Uni ................ 28
hgsize – Size O Housing Uni In Sq M ....................... 28
hg 2 en – De ailed Impu a ion Flag, Ren Minus Hea ing Cos s .......... 29
hg elec – Impu a ion Flag, Cos s o Elec ici y ................... 30
hg hea – Impu a ion Flag, Cos s O Hea ing And Wa m Wa e .......... 30
hg en – Impu a ion Flag, Amoun O Ren Minus Hea ing Cos s ......... 31
hg oom – Impu a ion Flag, Numbe O Rooms Lage Than 6 Sq M ........ 31
hg size – Impu a ion Flag, Size O Housing ..................... 31
hg u il – Impu a ion Flag, O he Mon hly U ili y Cos s ............... 32
6 Subsidiza ion o Housing Cos s 32
hgosubs – Amoun O Subsidies Las Yea ...................... 32
hg educ – Dwelling A A Reduced P ize ....................... 33
hg subs – Go e nmen Subsidized Housing ..................... 33
hgsubsid – Go e nmen Subsidizes Housing Paymen s ............... 34
7 Typology o Household 34
hgowne – Tenan O Owne O Dwelling ...................... 34
hg yp1hh – Household Typology, One Digi ..................... 35
hg yp2hh – Household Typology, Two Digi ..................... 35
8 Household Income 36
hghinc – Mon hly Household Ne Income (EUR) .................. 36
hgi1hinc – 1. Impu ed Mon hly Ne Household Income (EUR) [1/5] ........ 37
hgi2hinc – 2. Impu ed Mon hly Ne Household Income (EUR) [2/5] ........ 39
hgi3hinc – 3. Impu ed Mon hly Ne Household Income (EUR) [3/5] ........ 40
hgi4hinc – 4. Impu ed Mon hly Ne Household Income (EUR) [4/5] ........ 40
hgi5hinc – 5. Impu ed Mon hly Ne Household Income (EUR) [5/5] ........ 41
hg hinc – Impu a ion Flag, Mon hly Ne Household Income ............ 42
9 Time and Me hod o In e iew 42
iyea – Household Rela ed Su ey Yea ........................ 42
hghmon h – Mon h O In e iew ........................... 42
hghmode – In e iew Me hod ............................. 43
inpu da ase – Sou ce da ase ............................. 43
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 3
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
1 Gene al In o ma ion
The HGEN ile p o ides a se o ime-consis en a iables gene a ed om he SOEP house-
hold ques ionnai e. I only includes households who pa icipa ed in he espec i e yea .
Up o Wa e G, “old” households al eady known o he SOEP we e su eyed a he old ad-
d ess wi h a “g een” ques ionnai e; old households ha had mo ed and new households
ecei ed a “blue” ques ionnai e. While a numbe o ques ions in he blue ques ionnai e su -
eyed in o ma ion o he i s ime (e.g. li ing space in squa e me e s), his in o ma ion
was only asked o again in he g een ques ionnai e in case o changes. O he wise, he in o -
ma ion collec ed in he p e ious wa e was s ill alid. The a iables desc ibed in he ollow-
ing a e in pa s a us a iables in his sense: In o ma ion collec ed once is ca ied o wa d
o subsequen wa es i no add ess change has aken place since he p e ious wa e. This
is he case o : HGCNSTYRMIN, HGCNSTYRMAX, HGCONDIT ( o Wa e B o G), HG-
SIZE, HGROOM, HGEQPKIT, HGEQPSHW, HGEQPIWC, HGEQPHEA, HGEQPTER,
HGEQPBAS, HGEQPGAR, HGEQPWAT, HGEQPALM, HGEQPSOL, HGEQPAIR, HG-
MOVEYR, HGACQUIS, HGSUBSID, HGRSUBS, HGREDUC and HGSEVAL ( o Wa e C
o G). Fu he mo e, iden ical in o ma ion is eco ded in he g een and blue ques ionnai e in
sepa a e a iables (e.g. housing enu e as owne o enan ). The co esponding s a us a i-
ables a e he e o e jus a compila ion o hese mo e dispe sed pieces o in o ma ion. Since
only one common ques ionnai e has been used since Wa e H a he han he o me “blue”
and “g een” e sions, he necessi y o he a o emen ioned s a us a iables disappea s. How-
e e , his use - iendly edundance is main ained o easons o consis ency.
In addi ion, we impu e missing alues o he a iables HGROOM, HGSIZE, HGRENT,
HGHEAT, HGUTIL and HGHINC o ensu e he comple eness o he da ase and acili a e
i s usage. De ails o he impu a ion p ocess can be ound in he desc ip ion o he espec i e
a iable.
Since Wa e BG, new mig a ion samples (M3 and M4) ha e been added. These samples p o-
ide less household in o ma ion which explains he high incidence o missing alues (=-5).
The e o e, in he samples M3 and M4 hgen a iables a e gene ally no impu ed.
2 Sample In o ma ion
hid – Cu en Household Numbe (=BHHHNR)
19 6
27 25
35 10
43 3
51 9
60 29
78 3
86 2
94 34
108 4
116 15
124 23
132 14
140 7
159 34
... (49886 ows omi ed) 356631
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 4
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
3923487 1
3923541 1
3923550 1
3923568 1
3923576 1
3923584 1
3923614 1
3923649 1
3923746 1
3923762 1
3923789 1
3923797 1
3923800 1
3923835 1
3923878 1
cid – Case-ID, O iginal Household Numbe
19 9
27 50
35 10
43 3
51 9
60 88
78 3
86 2
94 34
108 4
116 15
124 23
132 16
140 7
159 34
... (41232 ows omi ed) 356542
3923487 1
3923541 1
3923550 1
3923568 1
3923576 1
3923584 1
3923614 1
3923649 1
3923746 1
3923762 1
3923789 1
3923797 1
3923800 1
3923835 1
3923878 1
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 5
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
syea – Su ey Yea
1984 5921
1985 5322
1986 5090
1987 5026
1988 4814
1989 4690
1990 6819
1991 6699
1992 6665
1993 6637
1994 6795
1995 6968
1996 6894
1997 6810
1998 7668
... (4 ows omi ed) 45276
2003 12061
2004 11796
2005 11440
2006 12499
2007 11689
2008 11058
2009 11889
2010 15414
2011 16819
2012 16508
2013 18093
2014 16037
2015 15991
2016 17775
2017 19701
3 Gene al Housing In o ma ion
hgacquis – Means O Acqui ing Dwelling
1[1] Bough F om Owne 33590
2[2] Inhe i ance, Gi 22751
3[3] Bough , Buil New 39187
4[4] Go Back F om Public P ope y 6
-1 [-1] No Answe 48258
-2 [-2] Does no apply 190301
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 22771
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 6
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
Wa es: all
Excep o Wa e H, Wa e O, and om Wa e V onwa ds, HGEQPGAR has been collec ed
only om new households and households who ha e mo ed since he p e ious in e iew.
Fo his eason, in case no add ess change has aken place, he in o ma ion o HGEQPGAR
is ca ied o wa d om he p e ious yea s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqphea – Dwelling Has Cen al,Floo Hea
1[1] Yes 274723
2[2] No 25603
-1 [-1] No Answe 2203
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 54335
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: 1984-2014
Only in Wa e H, Wa e O, and om Wa e V onwa ds, HGEQPHEA is asked om e e y house-
hold. In p e ious yea s, he a iable was only collec ed om new households and households
who had mo ed since he p e ious in e iew. Fo his eason, in case no add ess change has
aken place, he in o ma ion o HGEQPHEA is ca ied o wa d om he p e ious yea s. Ad-
di ionally, om Wa e G onwa ds he in o ma ion is upda ed i he household has s a ed ha
i mode nized i s hea ing since Janua y o he p e ious yea . Since Wa e BF, HGEQPHEA
is no asked and he in o ma ion is nei he ca ied backwa d no o wa d.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpinsul – Equipmen : The mal Insula ion
1[1] Yes 27233
2[2] No 18478
-1 [-1] No Answe 673
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 310480
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2015
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpiwc – Dwelling Has Indoo Toile
1[1] Yes 202210
2[2] No 4371
-1 [-1] No Answe 1832
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 13

SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 148451
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: 1984-2008
Only in Wa e H, Wa e O, and om Wa e V o Wa e Y, HGEQPIWC is asked om e e y
household. In p e ious yea s, he a iable was only collec ed om new households and
households who had mo ed since he p e ious in e iew. Fo his eason, in case no add ess
change has aken place, he in o ma ion o HGEQPIWC is ca ied o wa d om he p e i-
ous yea s. Addi ionally, om Wa e B onwa ds, he in o ma ion is upda ed i he household
has s a ed ha i mode nized i s ba h oom since Janua y o he p e ious yea . In a second
s ep, he in o ma ion o he a iable HGEQPSHW is used o eplace missing and inconsis-
en alues o EQPIWC$$. Fo e e y household wi h EQPSHW$$=1, EQPIWC$$ is se o 1.
Since Wa e Z, HGEQPWC is no asked. Since Wa e BA, he in o ma ion is nei he ca ied
backwa d no o wa d.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpki – Dwelling Has Ki chen
1[1] Yes 282602
2[2] No 3187
-1 [-1] No Answe 1558
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 69517
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: 1984-2013
Only in Wa e H, Wa e O, and om Wa e V onwa ds, HGEQPKIT is asked om e e y house-
hold. In p e ious yea s, he a iable was only collec ed om new households and households
who had mo ed since he p e ious in e iew. Fo his eason, in case no add ess change has
aken place, he in o ma ion o HGEQPKIT is ca ied o wa d om p e ious yea s. Ad-
di ionally, om Wa e B on, he in o ma ion is upda ed i he household has s a ed ha i
mode nized i s ki chen since Janua y o he p e ious yea . Since Wa e BE, HGEQPKIT is
nei he asked no ca ied o wa d.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpli – Dwelling Has An Ele a o
1[1] Yes 12728
2[2] No 132725
-1 [-1] No Answe 2774
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 14
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 208637
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2009
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpmglass – Equipmen : a Leas Double Glazing
1[1] Yes 42579
2[2] No 3681
-1 [-1] No Answe 124
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 310480
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2015
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpnoba – Equipmen : Ba ie F ee Fu nishing
1[1] Yes 12377
2[2] No 72643
-1 [-1] No Answe 2577
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 269267
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2013
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpn j – Dwelling Has Al e na i e Ene gy Sou ce
1[1] Yes 4719
2[2] No 135875
-1 [-1] No Answe 550
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 215720
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2009
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 15
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqppa k – Equipmen : Ga age/ Pa king Space
1[1] Yes 33246
2[2] No 17778
-1 [-1] No Answe 2443
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 303397
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2015
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpshw – Dwelling Has Indoo Ba h,Showe
1[1] Yes 280620
2[2] No 4860
-1 [-1] No Answe 1662
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 69722
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: 1984-2013
Only in Wa e H, Wa e O, and om Wa e V onwa ds, HGEQPSHW is asked om e e y
household. In p e ious yea s, he a iable was only collec ed om new households and
households who had mo ed since he p e ious in e iew. Fo his eason, in case no add ess
change has aken place, he in o ma ion o HGEQPSHW is ca ied o wa d om he p e i-
ous yea s. Addi ionally, om Wa e B onwa ds, he in o ma ion is upda ed i he household
has s a ed ha i mode nized i s ba h oom since Janua y o he p e ious yea . Since Wa e BE,
HGEQPSHW is no asked anymo e. Since Wa e BF, he in o ma ion is no ca ied o wa d.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpsol – Dwelling Has Sola Sys em
1[1] Yes 13854
2[2] No 149306
-1 [-1] No Answe 731
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 192973
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 16
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2007
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqp el – Dwelling Has Tele one
1[1] Yes 263503
2[2] No 3560
-1 [-1] No Answe 10027
-2 [-2] Does no apply 4640
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 75134
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 1990 (eas ) o 1991 (wes ) o 2008, 2010–2015
The ques ion on whe he a household has a elephone o no has a ied o e he yea s. In
some yea s, households we e asked e y gene ally i hey had a “ elephone“. In o he yea s
hey we e asked mo e speci ically o a “landline elephone“ and a “cellphone“. HGEQPTEL
is se o 1 i a household s a ed ha i had a elephone, landline elephone, o cellphone. Addi-
ionally, he in o ma ion om HBRUTTO (HTEL) is used o comple e missing in o ma ion.
In Wa e N, Wa e P, and Wa e Z, he household ques ionnai e did no ask abou he posses-
sion o a elephone and HBRUTTO is he only sou ce o da a. Fo Wa e K, no in o ma ion
is a ailable.
Since Wa e BG, HGEQPTEL is no longe asked in he household ques ionnai e (excep o
he samples M3 and M4 as HGEQPTEL was asked in he mig a ion household ques ionai e).
Fo his eason, i is no longe p o ided since Wa e BG o any o he samples han M3 and
M4.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqp e – Dwelling Has Balcony,Te ace
1[1] Yes 260901
2[2] No 88653
-1 [-1] No Answe 6035
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 1275
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
Excep o Wa e H, Wa e O, and om Wa e V onwa ds, HGEQPTER was only collec ed
om new households and households who ha e mo ed since he p e ious in e iew. Fo
his eason, in case no add ess change has aken place, he in o ma ion o HGEQPTER is
ca ied o wa d om he p e ious yea s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 17
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
hgeqpwa – Dwelling Has Wa e , Biole
1[1] Yes 246907
2[2] No 3103
-1 [-1] No Answe 1847
-2 [-2] Does no apply 4640
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 100367
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 1990 (eas ) o 1991 (wes ) o 2013
Excep o Wa e H, Wa e O, and om Wa e V onwa ds, HGEQPWAT has been collec ed
only om new households and households who ha e mo ed since he p e ious in e iew.
Fo his eason, in case no add ess change has aken place, he in o ma ion o HGEQPWAT
is ca ied o wa d om he p e ious yea s. Since Wa e BE, HGEQPWAT is no asked and
since Wa e BF, he in o ma ion is nei he ca ied backwa d no o wa d.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpai – Dwelling Has Ai Condi ione
1[1] Yes 2842
2[2] No 160239
-1 [-1] No Answe 810
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 192973
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2007
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgeqpalm – Dwelling Has Ala m Sys em
1[1] Yes 8013
2[2] No 184731
-1 [-1] No Answe 13965
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 150155
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2004
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 18

SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
5 Cos s o Li ing, Size, and Rooms (Impu ed Va iables)
hg en – Amoun O Ren Minus Hea ing Cos s
0 29
1 6
2 8
3 6
4 6
5 16
6 10
7 18
826
9 27
10 52
11 34
12 61
13 74
14 66
... (1703 ows omi ed) 188730
4620 1
4700 1
4895 1
4920 1
4950 1
4953 1
5000 1
5050 1
5180 1
5700 1
6700 2
7318 1
-1 129
-2 160470
-5 7083
Wa es: all
HGRENT is a measu e o g oss en , i.e. i equal o he base en plus u ili y cos s (HGUTIL)
bu does no include hea ing (HGHEAT), elec ici y cos s (HGELECTR) and addi ional gas
cos s (HGGAS). HGRENT is con e ed in o Eu o alues o all wa es including hose p io
o Wa e S.
The ques ions o HGRENT and u ili y cos s ha e changed conside ably since he i s SOEP
ques ionnai e in Wa e A. F om Wa es A o Wa e G, he amoun o en s a ed by he house-
holds in SOEP is in p inciple he desi ed concep o g oss en , i.e. basic en excluding hea -
ing and elec ici y cos s bu including u ili y cos s. Howe e , in hese wa es he in o ma ion
on u ili y cos s was no collec ed.
F om Wa e H onwa ds, households simply s a e he amoun o en hey pay. Following his
ques ion, i is asked whe he hea ing and u ili y cos s a e included in ha amoun o en
and wha he exac cos s o hea ing and u ili ies e en ually a e (in he la e case only i hey
a e included).
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 19
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
In Wa e BE and Wa e BF, he ques ionnai e design was di e en o all o he wa es. In a
i s s ep, households we e asked o hei o e all mon hly housing cos s (sum o base en ,
hea ing cos s, addi ional u ili y cos s, elec ici y and gas). In a second s ep, hey s a ed he
espec i e expenses. In o de o ob ain RENT$$, hea ing, gas, and elec ici y cos s ha e o
be deduc ed om hese o e all mon hly housing cos s. In Wa e BE, some households s a e
mon hly housing cos s ha p esumably do no include all possible expenses. They migh do
so because hey do no know all hei expenses o because hey misunde s ood he ques ion.
We a ibu e he d op o en om Wa e BD o Wa e BE and Wa e BF o he di e en ques-
ionnai e design and do no longe adjus he alues as we did in da a elease 31. The e o e,
he a e age en o Wa e BE (da a elease 31) is abou 10 Eu os lowe in da a elease 32 and
33 han i was in 31. Bo h, in Wa e BE and Wa e BF, implausible alues o en (e.g. i u il-
i y cos s a e abo e o al li ing cos s) ha e been se o missing o be impu ed in he ollowing
s ep.
The ques ionnai e design in Wa e BG was se back o he o ma o Wa e BD.
Missing alues o HGRENT a e ea ed as ollows: In a i s s ep, pas alues o he wo las
yea s a e ca ied o wa d and adjus ed o in la ion gi en ha he household s ill li es a he
same add ess and he dwelling’s size has emained he same. The ype o en (hea ing/u ili y
cos s included o no ) is hen also ca ied o wa d. In a second s ep, i HGRENT is s ill
missing, alues o he wo subsequen yea s a e ca ied backwa ds in he same manne .
In a hi d s ep, he emaining missing alues o HGRENT a e impu ed by S a a’s chained
impu a ion p ocedu e. Impu ed alues a e no ca ied o wa d.
Gene al In o ma ion on he Impu a ion P ocedu e Since da a elease 31, missing alues o
HGROOM, HGSIZE, HGRENT, HGHEAT, HGUTIL, and HGELECTR a e impu ed wi h
S a a’s chained impu a ion p ocedu e (mi impu e chained). We impu e sepa a ely o each
wa e, o Eas and Wes and o owne s and enan s. The eg ession speci ica ions a y be-
ween hese g oups bu in gene al hey include:
• Fo owne :
–HGROOM, HGSIZE, HGCONDIT, HGCNSTYRMAX
–Numbe o pe sons in household
–Household ne income as s a ed in ques ionnai e
–Type o dwelling ( amily house, apa men , e c.)
• Fo enan s:
–HGROOM, HGSIZE, HGRENT, HGHEAT, HGUTIL, HGELECTR, HGCON-
DIT, HGCNSTYRMAX, HGEQPHEA, HGEQPFHEA, HGEQPTER, HGEQP-
GAR, HGEQPSOL, HGEQPAIR, HGCNSTYRMAX, HGREVAL, HGREDUC
–HGSIZE squa ed
–Numbe o pe sons in household
–Household ne income as s a ed in ques ionnai e
–Type o dwelling ( amily house, apa men , e c., $$wum1)
–Type o enan
–Dummy: HGHEAT included in HGRENT (Wa e G o Wa e BD)
–Dummy: HGUTIL included in HGRENT (Wa e H o Wa e BD)
–Dummy: HGUTIL pa ly included in HGRENT (Wa e H o Wa e BD)
–Dummy: HGHEAT includes elec ici y cos s (since Wa e BE)
–Dummy: household pays only u ili y cos s (since Wa e BE)
–Household has child en younge han 16
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 20
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
In addi ion, he eg ession o HGRENT con ains HGRSUBS, a dummy o child en un-
de 16, in o ma ion on he esiden ial a ea ($$wum3) and BIK egions. The eg ession o
HGHEAT includes a dummy o child en unde 16. The eg ession o HGUTIL includes
HGEQPLIF and omi s HGRENT, HGCONDIT, he ype o dwelling and he dummy o
whe he HGHEAT is included in HGRENT. The eg ession o HGSIZE omi s HGSIZE
squa ed.
HGRENT is no no malized ac oss households be o e impu a ion and may include hea ing
and u ili y cos s o no . Solely pa ially included u ili y cos s a e sub ac ed. We use dum-
mies o HGHEAT/HGUTIL included in HGRENT o accoun o he di e en ypes o en .
No e ha hese dummies a e also impu ed i hey a e missing. I HGUTIL con ains a pa ial
amoun , i is se o missing and hen also impu ed.
Residen s o homes (HGOWNER==5) a e excluded om he impu a ion. Values la ge han
ou imes he 99 h pe cen ile in one o he a ge a iables a e also excluded.
Fo all six a ge a iables, he p edic i e mean ma ching impu a ion me hod is applied. We
use 175 i e a ions as bu n-in pe iod. Fu he mo e, we only dis ibu e one impu ed alue o
each obse a ion.
G oss wa m en including elec ici y (B u owa mmie e inkl. S om) could be compu ed
om his da a as ollows: HGRENT + HGHEAT + HGELECTR.
HGRENT is se missing (=-5) o all M3 and M4 esponden s al hough he mig a ion house-
hold ques ionnai e su eyed en in o ma ion. Howe e , he su eyed in o ma ion o M3
and M4 is no compa able wi h he in o ma ion o he o he samples as in o ma ion on
HGHEAT, HGUTIL, HGELECTR, e c. is no su eyed.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg en in o – Pays Ren and/o U ili ies
1[1] Pays Ren 188793
2[2] Pays U ili y Cos s, bu No Ren 1063
3[3] Does No Pay ei he Ren o U ili ies 650
-1 [-1] No Answe 36
-2 [-2] Does no apply 27326
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 138996
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2014
HGRENTINFO is a il e ques ion o housing cos s. I was in oduced in Wa e BE and
eplaces NORENT$$ in $HGEN iles.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgno en – Does No Pay Ren
1[1] Pays No Ren 9949
-1 [-1] No Answe 128
-2 [-2] Does no apply 339703
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 7084
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 21
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: 1984–2013
HGNORENT ma ks enan s who do no a pay en . Un il Wa e BD, i was a il e ques ion o
all housing cos s such ha non- en paying enan s we e no asked o HGHEAT, HGUTIL
and HGELECTR. In Wa e BE, he il e ques ion was eph ased and enan s we e asked o
hei u ili y cos s e en i hey s a ed no o pay a en . To main ain consis ency o e ime, we
se HGNORENT o 1 o all enan s who only pay u ili y cos s. RENTINFO$$ con ains he
in o ma ion o he new il e ques ion.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgelec – Cos s o Elec ici y (gen)
0 5
1 8
2 2
3 5
4 9
5 12
6 6
7 6
8 10
9 6
10 110
11 17
12 31
13 29
14 49
... (267 ows omi ed) 67802
389 1
400 3
430 1
448 1
450 1
500 2
530 1
540 1
580 1
690 1
840 1
950 1
-1 2577
-2 58556
-5 227609
Wa es: Since 2010
Cos s o elec ici y (excluding a ising expenses o hea ing i applicable) ha e been collec ed
s a ing om Wa e BA i enan s pay a en . F om Wa e BE onwa ds, hey ha e been collec ed
om all enan s. In Wa e BF, o al elec ici y cos s we e explici ly asked o so ha cos s o
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 22
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
460 2
470 11
475 1
500 11
540 4
550 3
564 2
650 1
754 1
838 2
938 1
-1 2679
Wa es: all
Up o Wa e R (excep o Wa e O), HGSIZE was collec ed only in he i s in e iew wi h
new households. In case a household had mo ed o whe he a household‘s housing uni
size had changed due o eno a ions o addi ions (up o Wa e G, hese households illed ou
a “g een” ques ionnai e). F om Wa e S onwa ds, he ques ion on he size o he housing
uni has been posed o all households annually. Fo households s ill esiding a hei old
add ess and nei he ha ing mo ed no eno a ed hei dwelling, he in o ma ion on he size
o he housing uni is ca ied o wa d as a s a us a iable in o de o p o ide alid cu en
in o ma ion. Analogously, he in o ma ion is ca ied back o ill gaps i households missed
o s a e he size o he housing in he i s yea a e mo ing.
In he case he in o ma ion on he size o he housing uni is s ill missing, i is impu ed
simul aneously wi h o he a iables using S a a‘s chained impu a ion p ocedu e. Impu ed
alues a e no ca ied o wa d. Fo in o ma ion on he impu a ion p ocedu e, see he de-
sc ip ion o HGRENT.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg 2 en – De ailed Impu a ion Flag, Ren Minus Hea ing Cos s
0[0] No impu ed 283636
1[1] Repo ed Ren Co ec ed o Impu ed Hea 27442
2[2] Repo ed Ren Co ec ed o Impu ed U il 35162
3[3] Repo ed Ren Co ec ed o Impu ed Elec 459
4[4] Repo ed Ren Co ec ed o Hea and U il 3467
5[5] Repo ed Ren Co ec ed o Hea and Elec 1389
6[6] Repo ed Ren Co ec ed o U il and Elec 2
7[7] Repo ed Ren Co ec ed o Hea , U il and Elec 1
8[8] Repo ed Ren , a leas one Sub-Agg ega e Impu ed 3655
9[9] Ren Imp., Sub-Agg ega es No Impu ed 532
10 [10] Ren Imp. and Co ec ed Fo Imp. Hea 422
11 [11] Ren Imp. and Co ec ed Fo Imp. U il 282
12 [12] Ren Imp. and Co ec ed Fo Imp. Elec 5
13 [13] Ren Imp. and Co ec ed Fo Imp. Hea and U il 113
14 [14] Ren Imp. and Co ec ed Fo Imp. Hea and Elec 231
15 [15] Ren Imp. and Co ec ed Fo Imp. U il and Elec 2
16 [16] Ren Imp. and Co ec ed Fo Imp. Hea , U il and Elec 2
17 [17] Ren Imp. & a leas one Imp. Sub-Agg ega es 62
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 29

SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 0
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
HGF2RENT indica es whe he o no HGRENT has been impu ed (=1) by S a a’s chained
impu a ion p ocedu e.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg elec – Impu a ion Flag, Cos s o Elec ici y
0[0] No impu ed 130802
1[1] Impu ed by PMM 3154
2[2] Elec ici y Cos s om P e ious o Subsequen Yea s 2382
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 220526
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 2010
HGFELECTR indica es whe he HGELECTR alue has been impu ed (=1) by S a a’s chained
impu a ion p ocedu e o whe he i has been ca ied o - o backwa ds (=2) om pas /subsequen
wa es.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg hea – Impu a ion Flag, Cos s O Hea ing And Wa m Wa e
0[0] No impu ed 304958
1[1] Impu ed by PMM 22307
2[2] Elec ici y Cos s om P e ious o Subsequen Yea s 18356
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 11243
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 1986
HGFHEAT indica es whe he HGHEAT has been impu ed (=1) by S a a’s chained impu a-
ion p ocedu e o whe he i has been ca ied o - o backwa ds (=2) om pas /subsequen
wa es.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 30
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
hg en – Impu a ion Flag, Amoun O Ren Minus Hea ing Cos s
0[0] No impu ed 283817
1[1] Ren and/o Sub-Agg ega e Impu ed by PMM 57598
2[2] Ren and/o Sub-Agg ega e om P e ious o Subsequen Yea s 13094
3[3] Ren and/o Sub-Agg ega e F om P e ./Subs. Yea s and/o PMM 2355
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 0
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
HGFRENT indica es whe he HGRENT o expenses added o sub ac ed o HGRENT has
been impu ed (=1) by S a a’s chained impu a ion p ocedu e, whe he HGRENT i sel o ex-
penses added o sub ac ed o HGRENT was ca ied o - o backwa ds (=2) om pas /subsequen
wa es o whe he HGRENT is he esul o a mix u e o impu ed and pas /subsequen wa es’
alues. The ou h ca ego y ma ks households who e y likely did no include all u ili y cos s
in hei o e all housing cos s in Wa e BE ( he ques ion om which HGRENT is gene a ed).
We iden i ied hese households by hei longi udinal in o ma ion on housing cos s and did
no sub ac HGHEAT and/o HGELECTR o ob ain hei HGRENT. HGF2RENT con ains
mo e de ailed in o ma ion abou which impu ed expenses we e added o sub ac ed.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg oom – Impu a ion Flag, Numbe O Rooms Lage Than 6 Sq M
0[0] No impu ed 354505
1[1] Impu ed 2359
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 0
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
HGFROOM indica es whe he o no HGROOM has been impu ed (=1) by S a a’s chained
impu a ion p ocedu e.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg size – Impu a ion Flag, Size O Housing
0[0] No impu ed 355681
1[1] Impu ed 1183
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 31
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 0
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
HGFSIZE indica es whe he o no HGSIZE has been impu ed (=1) by S a a’s chained im-
pu a ion p ocedu e.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg u il – Impu a ion Flag, O he Mon hly U ili y Cos s
0[0] No impu ed 211875
1[1] Impu ed by PMM 80172
2[2] Elec ici y Cos s om P e ious o Subsequen Yea s 13003
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 51814
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 1991
HGFUTIL indica es whe he HGUTIL alue has been impu ed (=1) by S a a’s chained impu-
a ion p ocedu e o whe he i has been ca ied o - o backwa ds (=2) om pas /subsequen
wa es.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
6 Subsidiza ion o Housing Cos s
hgosubs – Amoun O Subsidies Las Yea
1[1] Yes 13048
2[2] No 80190
-1 [-1] No Answe 1225
-2 [-2] Does no apply 108728
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 153673
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: 2000–2014
S a emen by esponden . HGOSUBS con ains in o ma ion on cash housing subsidies e-
cei ed by owne s om he go e nmen du ing he yea p io o he in e iew. Wa e W was
he las wa e house owne s could apply o he 8-yea s-long inancial suppo such ha since
Wa e BF, HGOSUBS is no asked any longe . In o ma ion is no ca ied o wa d.
Please no e: The old a iable $FOERD (a ailable un il SOEP da a elease 25 in $HGEN)
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 32
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
is disca ded. Homeowne subsidies in Ge many ha e been subjec o majo e isions and
luc ua ions o e ime. The co esponding ques ion in SOEP was in some wa es only posed
o new households and hose ha ha e mo ed, in some wa es i was no su eyed a all. Fo
hese easons, he ques ion o go e nmen housing subsidies was changed in Wa e Q o
co e di ec subsidies ecei ed he p e ious yea . HGSUBSID and HGOSUBS eplace he
old a iable $FOERD.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg educ – Dwelling A A Reduced P ize
1[1] Yes 15552
2[2] No 159488
-1 [-1] No Answe 19135
-2 [-2] Does no apply 146654
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 16035
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: 1986–2002 (wes ), 1990 & 1992–2002 (eas ), since 2008 (bo h)
HGREDUC s a es whe he he la is o e ed by he owne a a educed en . In o ma ion
is ca ied o wa d om p e ious wa es o old households esiding a hei old add ess. Fo
newly su eyed households and o old households ha ha e mo ed, newly collec ed da a
is used. F om Wa e T o Wa e X, his in o ma ion was no collec ed. I is ca ied o wa d
om Wa e S o households who ha e no mo ed and whose s a ed amoun o en a y only
sligh ly. The new in o ma ion om Wa e Y is hen ca ied backwa d o households wi h he
same cha ac e is ics i HGREDUC is s ill missing a e ca ying o wa d om Wa e S.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg subs – Go e nmen Subsidized Housing
1[1] Yes, Wi h Due Diligence 18010
2[2] Yes, Wi h Run Ou Due Diligence 4896
3[3] No 172594
-1 [-1] No Answe 3001
-2 [-2] Does no apply 151280
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 7083
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: Since 1984 (wes ), 1990 & since 1994 (eas )
HGRSUBS s a es whe he he en is subsidized by go e nmen o no . Up o Wa e K, he
ques ion was asked only o new households and households who had mo ed since las yea .
Fo he emaining households, he in o ma ion is ca ied o wa d om p e ious wa es. Eas
Ge man households we e asked o he i s ime in Wa e J.
In Wa e L, he second esponse ca ego y was added o indica e expi ed subsidiza ion. Fo
easons o ime se ies consis ency, HGRSUBS was coded wi h “3” o “no” om Wa e A
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 33
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
o Wa e K. The ewo ding o he esponse ca ego ies became necessa y due o he ca ying
o wa d o da a: I was impossible o iden i y whe he a housing uni had los i s subsidiza ion
s a us o any pe iod o ime. Thus, o popula ion es ima es he e is a dis inc possibili y ha
HGRSUBS p oduces inc easing o e es ima ions o go e nmen -subsidized housing uni s
up o Wa e K.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hgsubsid – Go e nmen Subsidizes Housing Paymen s
1 5274
2 8767
-1 11769
-2 74396
-5 256658
Wa es: 1984–1999 (wes ), 1994–1999 (eas )
S a emen by esponden . HGSUBSID con ains in o ma ion on go e nmen subsidies a he
ime he housing was buil o bough . F om Wa e B o Wa e N, his was only asked o new
households o in case an old household had mo ed. In o ma ion is hen ca ied o wa d. In
Wa e O and Wa e P, he ques ion was again posed o he whole popula ion.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
7 Typology o Household
hgowne – Tenan O Owne O Dwelling
1[1] Owne 150524
2[2] Main Tenan 191846
3[3] Sub-Tenan 8338
4[4] Tenan 102
5[5] Li ing In A Home 756
-1 [-1] No Answe 506
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 4792
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
Up o Wa e H, he in o ma ion o HGOWNER was collec ed in sepa a e ques ionnai es
o “old” and i s - ime esponden s, espec i ely (“blue” and “g een” ques ionnai es). In all
wa es and o each household wi h he o iginal alue o -1 (“no answe ”), codes a e se o
=1 and =4 i a leas one owne - o enan -speci ic i em is gi en. Code 4 is also used i a
change in owne ship ( om owne o enan ) has aken place bu no o iginal in o ma ion o
HGOWNER was gi en. Code 5 (‘ esiden o a home o ins i u ional li ing acili y’) has only
been assigned by in e iewe s du ing ieldwo k since Wa e P.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 34

SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
hg yp1hh – Household Typology, One Digi
1[1] 1-Pe s.-HH 85024
2[2] Couple Wi hou Child en 100668
3[3] Single Pa en 28930
4[4] Couple Wi h Child en LE 16 80258
5[5] Couple Wi h Child en GT 16 32950
6[6] Couple Wi h Child en LE And GT 16 19031
7[7] Mul iple Gene a ion-HH 4379
8[8] O he Combina ion 5624
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 0
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
hg yp2hh – Household Typology, Two Digi
11 [11] 1-Pe son HH Male LE 35 Y. 11778
12 [12] 1-Pe son HH Male 35- LT 60 Y. 14776
13 [13] 1-Pe son HH Male GE 60 Y. 9705
14 [14] 1-Pe son HH - Female LE 35 Y. 8925
15 [15] 1-Pe son HH Female 35- LT 60 Y. 11139
16 [16] 1-Pe son HH Female GE 60 Y. 28701
21 [21] Couple Wi hou Child en 100668
31 [31] Single Pa en ,1 Child, LE 16 9320
32 [32] Single Pa en ,2 O Mo e Child en, LE 16 5599
33 [33] Single Pa en ,1 Child en, GT 16 8563
34 [34] Single Pa en ,2 O Mo e Child en, GT 16 2054
35 [35] Single Pa en ,2 Child en, LE and GT 16 1960
36 [36] Single Pa en ,3 O Mo e Child en, LE and GT 16 1434
41 [41] Couple, 1 Child, LE 16 30099
42 [42] Couple, 2 Child en, LE 16 34317
... (2 ows omi ed) 37692
52 [52] Couple, 2 Child en, GT 16 9378
53 [53] Couple, 3 O Mo e Child en, GT 16 1722
61 [61] Couple, 2 Child en, LE and GT 16 9362
62 [62] Couple, 3 O Mo e Child en, LE and GT 16 9669
71 [71] 3-Gene a ion-HH 3949
72 [72] 4-Gene a ion-HH 29
73 [73] G andPa en s-G andChild en-HH 401
81 [81] O he Combina ion Wi hou K. LE 16 5624
-1 [-1] No Answe 0
-2 [-2] Does no apply 0
-3 [-3] Answe imp obable 0
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 35
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
-4 [-4] Inadmissible mul iple esponse 0
-5 [-5] No included in his e sion o he ques ionnai e 0
-6 [-6] Ve sion o ques ionnai e wi h modi ied il e ing 0
-8 [-8] Ques ion his yea no pa o Su ey p og am 0
Wa es: all
Gene a ed a iable c ea ed by combining he ela ionships o all pe sons li ing in he house-
hold o he head o household (Va iable $STELL in he ile $PBRUTTO) a he ime o he
su ey. Wi h da a elease 26 he da a p oduc ion p ocess swi ched o a s anda dized p oce-
du e o all Wa es o ensu e longi udinal consis ency, esul ing in mino changes compa ed
wi h olde dis ibu ions. HGTYP1HH is an agg ega ion o HGTYP2HH ( i s column o he
wo-digi code). Single households a e di e en ia ed in HGTYP2HH acco ding o bo h gen-
de and age. The ollowing abb e ia ions a e used in he labels: LE=less o equal, LT=less
han, GE=g ea e o equal, GT=g ea e han.
Help o old iends: S a ing wi h da a dis ibu ion 26 (Wa e A o Wa e Z), he ca ego y “(88)
O he combina ion” has been u he di e en ia ed in o households wi h s. hose wi hou
child en (up o he age o 16).
Legend:
• K = child en up o he age o 16
• EK = adul child en age 17 and olde
• (E)K = child en bo h below and abo e age 16
• 1-P-HH = one-pe son households.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Ca s en Sch öde , <csch oede @diw.de>
8 Household Income
hghinc – Mon hly Household Ne Income (EUR)
0 67
1 1
8 1
10 1
20 1
26 5
28 1
31 2
40 1
49 1
50 2
51 5
52 1
62 1
66 2
... (5391 ows omi ed) 338526
44166 1
45000 1
49190 1
50000 7
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 36
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
55000 2
60000 5
65000 2
70000 1
85000 1
90000 1
99999 2
200000 1
999999 1
-1 17071
-3 1149
This a iable con ains he cu en mon hly ne household income asked o in he household
ques ionnai e, always p o ided in Eu os which was in oduced in Janua y 2002 (1 Eu o =
1.95583 DM). Income is epo ed by he esponden (head o household).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : Jan Goebel (Tel. +49-30-89789-377), <[email protected]>
hgi1hinc – 1. Impu ed Mon hly Ne Household Income (EUR) [1/5]
0 39
1 1
10 1
20 1
28 1
40 1
50 2
51 1
70 1
72 1
77 1
78 1
80 1
84 3
87 1
... (5264 ows omi ed) 292295
42000 2
42667 1
44166 1
45000 1
50000 7
55000 2
60000 6
65000 2
70000 1
85000 1
90000 1
99999 2
999999 1
-1 4
-2 64481
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 37
SOEP-Co e ( 34) hgen ( 34)
Mul iple impu a ion p ocedu es p o ide a way o deal wi h missing alues on he a iable
Cu en Mon hly Ne Household Income by using in o ma ion abou componen s and de-
e minan s o he household income and eplacing i em-non esponse wi h mul iply im-
pu ed da a. The i s i e impu a ions a e a ailable wi hin he HGEN da ase : he a iables
HGI1HINC-HGI5HINC.
The impu a ions we e calcula ed using mul iple impu a ions by chained equa ions. Up o
Wa e BB he p og am ICE o S a a which was w i en by Pa ick Roys on (see Roys on 2004,
2005a, 2005b) and which is based on he p og am MICE in S-Plus and R was used. Since
Wa e BC he S a a command mi impu e is used. The missing obse a ions a e assumed o
be missing a andom. We se he numbe o impu a ions m=10 and ge 10 mul iple impu ed
alues o IHINC$$. Fo a discussion on he choice o m, see Rubin (Wa e D) and Roys on
(Wa e U).
The da ase MIHINC con ains he comple e impu a ion esul s and is sepa a ely a ailable. To
be compa ible wi h me hods o analyzing mul iply impu ed da a, MIHINC is cons uc ed in
he so called s acked o MIM Da ase Fo ma . I con ains he ollowing a iables: HHNRAKT,
SVYYEAR, MJ, MI, IHINC and IMPFLAG. Fo all household om Wa e L o Wa e BD,
he e a e en impu ed alues o he cu en household income. MJ iden i ies he indi idual
da ase o which each obse a ion belongs while MI iden i ies he obse a ions wi hin each
indi idual da ase . To dis inguish be ween he o iginal da a con aining missing alues and
he impu ed alues, he dummy a iable IMPFLAG is added. In he $HGEN iles i e o
hese impu ed incomes a e s o ed in he con en ional wide o ma .
The numbe o i e a ions ca ied ou in each p edic ion model was speci ied o be 500. Fo
Eas and Wes Ge many, impu a ions we e done sepa a ely. Fu he mo e, he op ion o
p edic ed mean ma ching was chosen which means ha o each missing obse a ion on
income, he pa icula non-missing obse a ion is ound whose p edic ion on obse ed da a
is closes . This closes obse a ion is used o impu e he missing alue.
Mos impo an a iables o modelling he cu en household ne income consis in he
household ne income o he p e ious yea , in basic in o ma ion abou he household and
changes in i s composi ion as well as all ele an income componen s ecei ed.
####The comple e lis o he a iables used o modelling
• Desc ip ion o household:
–size, numbe o child en, sample
–head o household: no Ge man, age, sex
–changes in household composi ion be ween yea s: bi hs, dea hs, pe sons en e -
ing o lea ing he household o being empo a ily absen
• Financial Si ua ion:
–Mon hly household income p e ious yea
–Income om employmen
–Pensions
–Sum o pe sonal incomes (e.g. Suppo om he “A bei sam ”, Ma e ni y bene i ,
Alimony, e c.)
–Household ela ed incomes (e.g. Child allowance, Housing assis ance, Social as-
sis ance, Unemploymen bene i , Asse s, e c.)
–F ac ion o pe sons g ea e han 16 in household who e used answe ing a com-
ponen o income (0-1)
• Numbe o pe sons no a ended su ey (PUNR, pa ial uni non esponse)
• C oss-sec ional weigh s
SOEP Su ey Pape s 759 38