Puen e Rio ío, Ma iana Isabel; Mos ace o Lle ena, Soledad Jane ; Uquillas
G anizo, Gilma Gab iela
A icle
O ganiza ional clima e in cons uc ion companies: A
sys ema ic li e a u e e iew
Adminis a i e Sciences
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
MDPI – Mul idisciplina y Digi al Publishing Ins i u e, Basel
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Puen e Rio ío, Ma iana Isabel; Mos ace o Lle ena, Soledad Jane ; Uquillas
G anizo, Gilma Gab iela (2024) : O ganiza ional clima e in cons uc ion companies: A sys ema ic
li e a u e e iew, Adminis a i e Sciences, ISSN 2076-3387, MDPI, Basel, Vol. 14, Iss. 3, pp. 1-26,
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Ci a ion: Puen e Rio ío, Ma iana
Isabel, Soledad Jane Mos ace o
Lle ena, and Gilma Gab iela Uquillas
G anizo. 2024. O ganiza ional
Clima e in Cons uc ion Companies:
A Sys ema ic Li e a u e Re iew.
Adminis a i e Sciences 14: 51.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/
admsci14030051
Recei ed: 26 Janua y 2024
Re ised: 27 Feb ua y 2024
Accep ed: 5 Ma ch 2024
Published: 7 Ma ch 2024
Copy igh : © 2024 by he au ho s.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Swi ze land.
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4.0/).
adminis a i e
sciences
Sys ema ic Re iew
O ganiza ional Clima e in Cons uc ion Companies: A
Sys ema ic Li e a u e Re iew
Ma iana Isabel Puen e Rio ío1,2,*, Soledad Jane Mos ace o Lle ena 1,2 and Gilma Gab iela Uquillas G anizo 1,2
1Doc o ado en Adminis ación, Uni e sidad Nacional de T ujillo, T ujillo 130101, Pe u;
smos ace o@uni u.edu.pe (S.J.M.L.); [email p o ec ed] (G.G.U.G.)
2Facul ad de Ciencias Polí icas y Adminis a i as, Uni e sidad Nacional de Chimbo azo,
Riobamba 060108, Ecuado
*Co espondence: [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac : The cons uc ion indus y is augh wi h isks due o he use o hea y machine y and wo k
a heigh s, leading o inc eased occupa ional acciden s. Unde s anding how he wo k en i onmen
a ec s pe sonnel adap a ion is c ucial, as a nega i e en i onmen can ha e de imen al consequences
on he physical and men al heal h o wo ke s. The aim o his s udy is o iden i y and examine he
signi ican dimensions, ac o s, and models ela ed o he o ganiza ional clima e, wi h a pa icula
ocus on he cons uc ion sec o . A sys ema ic li e a u e e iew was conduc ed ollowing he PRISMA
(P e e ed Repo ing I ems o Sys ema ic Re iews and Me a-Analyses) p o ocol, u ilizing he SCO-
PUS da abase, om which 176 s udies we e ob ained h ough sea ch s ings. O his se , 142 we e
selec ed o inal analysis. The esul s e eal ha China has he highes numbe o s udies on he
o ganiza ional clima e in cons uc ion. Rega ding dimensions, emphasis is placed on occupa ional
heal h and sa e y. Fac o s include a classi ica ion o dimensions, models, and o he gene al ac o s.
The model iden i ied in s udies wi h he mos ele ance is he JD-R (job demands– esou ces) model,
which helps us o unde s and how job cha ac e is ics p omo e employee well-being. The implica ions
o his s udy unde sco e he need o u he esea ch ela ed o he wo k en i onmen , implemen ing
changes in occupa ional sa e y and heal h, and highligh ing he impo ance o os e ing a posi i e
wo k en i onmen om he ea ly s ages o o ganiza ional de elopmen . These indings p o ide
aluable insigh s o e ine labo p ac ices, design mo e e ec i e models, and guide u u e esea ch in
he ealm o o ganiza ional clima e in cons uc ion sec o companies.
Keywo ds: JD-R model; occupa ional heal h and sa e y; o ganiza ional de elopmen ; wo k en i onmen
1. In oduc ion
1.1. Jus i ica ion
The o ganiza ional clima e is composed o se e al dimensions ha a e c ucial o he
success, e iciency, and de elopmen o he o ganiza ion. Among hese, one can men ion
occupa ional heal h and sa e y, job sa is ac ion, sa e y clima e, and wi hin his amewo k,
occupa ional sa e y and sa e y cul u e. Addi ionally, he dimensions include occupa ional
isks, wo kplace acciden s, wo king condi ions, o ganiza ional cul u e, employee engage-
men , wo k en i onmen , job pe o mance, job s ess, job bu nou , occupa ional heal h
cul u e, and occupa ional men al heal h.
Acknowledging he impo ance o all hese dimensions o hei e ec i e implemen-
a ion is undamen al, and all collabo a o s in his ield mus ha e adequa e knowledge
abou hem. As Da ies (2022) poin s ou , he company mus communica e clea ly and
anspa en ly abou he o ganiza ional clima e, ensu ing ha all collabo a o s ully unde -
s and hese aspec s and a e aligned wi h he indi idual goals and de elopmen o each
eam membe . I is essen ial o unde s and he impac o o ganiza ional clima e in he
cons uc ion indus y, as indica ed by C uz-Zuñiga e al. (2022), since an un a o able wo k
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/admsci14030051 h ps://www.mdpi.com/jou nal/admsci
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 2 o 26
en i onmen can esul in a lack o pe sonnel adap a ion, which in u n can lead o nega-
i e consequences in e ms o labo , physical, and psychological aspec s o he wo ke s.
The e o e, i is impe a i e o dedica e ac i e e o s o imp o ing he o ganiza ional clima e
wi hin his speci ic sec o .
Gi en he cu en demands o he economy, i is c ucial o adap p ocesses o imp o e
occupa ional sa e y and heal h. Speci ically, in he cons uc ion indus y, wi h high acciden
a es, s a egies a e equi ed ha no only p io i ize he sa e y o wo ke s bu also d i e
p oduc i i y and economic g ow h. I is essen ial o design speci ic measu es ha add ess
he unique needs o his sec o compa ed o o he s Villo a O ega e al. (2023).
Acco ding o López e al. (2019), he cons uc ion indus y is known o i s isky
na u e, in ol ing hea y machine y, wo k a heigh s, and o he haza ds ha can esul in
wo kplace acciden s. The e o e, occupa ional heal h and sa e y a e highly s udied opics.
The lack o a solid app oach leads o dis us and, consequen ly, job abandonmen by
employees. I can also esul in inju ies, he loss o li es, dis up ions in p ojec schedules,
and addi ional cos s.
Du ing he cou se o he esea ch, p e ious s udies ela ed o he s udy opic we e
iden i ied, such as he s udy conduc ed by Hayashi e al. (2023). Thei esea ch aimed o
examine he condi ions de e mining he imp o emen o occupa ional heal h and sa e y
o cons uc ion wo ke s. Thei s udy in ol ed a e iew o i les, abs ac s, and ull ex s.
The s udy esul s highligh he necessi y o u u e esea ch o ocus on in e en ions ha
p omo e bo h occupa ional sa e y and heal h ou comes. This en ails implemen ing bo h
en i onmen al and beha io al in e en ions a he indi idual le el. Addi ionally, i is
key o ensu e he in ol emen o ele an s akeholde s, a oid con amina ion in clus e
andomiza ion, op imize in e en ion dosing, and enhance ou come measu emen .
The esea ch conduc ed by Ma leno e al. (2019) ocuses on wo key objec i es: ob-
aining de ails on occupa ional heal h and sa e y (OHS) ac i i ies in cons uc ion p ojec s
and compa ing he cos s associa ed wi h he implemen a ion o OHS in such p ojec s. The
me hodology included a li e a u e s udy, esea ch, and desc ip i e analysis. The esul s
de ail he implemen a ion o OHS in cons uc ion p ojec s, co e ing aspec s such as p epa-
a ion, socializa ion, p omo ion, pe sonal p o ec i e equipmen , insu ance, occupa ional
heal h and sa e y pe sonnel, heal h acili ies, and o e all compliance. Rega ding cos s,
i was ound ha OHS compliance a ies be ween 0.8% and 1.7% o he p ojec alue,
showing signi ican di e ences be ween di e en ypes o p ojec s, such as oads, b idges,
d ainage, and buildings.
Acco ding o Zid e al. (2022), he analysis o sa e y clima e ac o s a ec ing sa e
beha io in he cons uc ion indus y is signi ican ly add essed, a opic ha has been
ela i ely unexplo ed un il now. The ex ensi e li e a u e e iew, based on 96 scien i ic
a icles, iden i ies 23 ac o s g ouped in o h ee dimensions acco ding o hei impac . The
i s dimension highligh s ac o s wi h a signi ican in luence on sa e beha io , such as
he a i ude owa ds sa e y, managemen commi men , sa e y managemen sys em, and
employee in ol emen . The second dimension includes 7 ac o s wi h mode a e in luence,
while he hi d dimension encompasses 12 ac o s wi h low e idence o impac on sa e
beha io . This no el app oach in he a icle seeks o s imula e u u e esea ch on human
ac o s and speci ic measu es ela ed o a ious dimensions o sa e y clima e in cons uc ion.
Con inuing along he same line o esea ch, Kongs ik’s s udy (Kongs ik 2019) empha-
sizes he dispa i ies in sa e y be ween local and o eign wo ke s in mul ina ional p ojec s,
del ing in o hei unde lying causes. The li e a u e e iew e eals ha mig an wo ke s a e
mo e likely o expe ience acciden s compa ed o locals due o he na u e o he highe - isk
jobs hey occupy, less a o able wo king condi ions, and hei lesse amilia i y wi h sa e y
egula ions. Some may also be cul u ally inclined o ake on mo e isks. In mul ina ional
en i onmen s, he di e si y o subcul u es, o en e lec ing he o iginal na ionali y o he
wo ke s, unde sco es he impo ance o simul aneously add essing cul u al, s uc u al, and
in e pe sonal issues o enhance he occupa ional sa e y o mig an wo ke s. Unde s and-
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 3 o 26
ing he ac o s in luencing o ganiza ional clima e is essen ial, and his s udy highligh s
conce ns ega ding occupa ional acciden s.
In he s udy by Kinebe e al. (2023), he p e alence o wo kplace acciden s in he
cons uc ion indus y is emphasized. The s udy highligh s he impo ance o unde s and-
ing and implemen ing occupa ional heal h and sa e y managemen sys ems (OHSMS) o
enhance sus ainabili y in hese aspec s. A li e a u e e iew was conduc ed, e ealing he
bene i s o he OHSMS and highligh ing challenges in implemen a ion, such as a lack o
communica ion, inapp op ia e equipmen use, and cul u al ba ie s. The assessmen o
bene i s is complica ed by he sca ci y o comp ehensi e da a on cons uc ion inciden s and
challenges in complying wi h e ec i e laws.
To educe occupa ional acciden s and main ain wo kplace sa e y, Wahab e al.’s (2023)
s udy unde sco es he impo ance o he ela ionship be ween cons uc ion, sa e y, and
inciden s, and he e ec i eness o he Cons uc ion Indus y De elopmen Boa d’s (CIDB)
G een Ca d T aining P og am is highligh ed. A li e a u e e iew was conduc ed o ga he
da a. The indings emphasize ha cons uc ion inciden s esul in signi ican losses in
human and inancial esou ces, impac ing mo ale and p oduc i i y. They conclude ha , in
Malaysia, a endance on CIDB’s G een Ca d cou se is manda o y o hose wishing o wo k
in cons uc ion. This p og am aims o aise awa eness among wo ke s abou undamen al
sa e y knowledge, legisla ion, and egula ions, wi h he goal o modi ying beha io s and
a i udes o educe acciden a es in he indus y.
Simila ly, acco ding o he esea ch by Sup iya na e al. (2020), he ocus is on occupa-
ional sa e y and heal h isks in cons uc ion p ojec s wi h he aim o educing acciden s
and occupa ional illnesses. A li e a u e e iew was conduc ed based on compiled jou nals
analyzing occupa ional sa e y and heal h in cons uc ion p ojec s. I is concluded ha
he e a e wo signi ican sou ces o isk, bo h in e nal and ex e nal, conside ed om bo h
echnical and non- echnical pe spec i es. Technical isks include he use o 4D-BIM echnol-
ogy, pe sonal p o ec i e equipmen , and cons uc ion ools ha comply wi h he ele an
pe mi s. On he o he hand, non- echnical esul s encompass he awa eness o wo k sa ely,
knowledge, and cul u e in occupa ional sa e y and heal h, as well as incen i es p o ided
by managemen and go e nmen suppo ega ding commi men s and supe ision in
occupa ional sa e y and heal h in cons uc ion p ojec s.
In he esea ch conduc ed by Johansson e al. (2019), he s udy o sa e y and occu-
pa ional isks in he cons uc ion indus y is men ioned. Th ough a sys ema ic li e a u e
e iew o 326 scien i ic a icles, 11 ca ego ies we e iden i ied: acciden s a is ics, indi idual
ac o s, legisla ion and egula ions, e hical conside a ions, isk managemen , leade ship,
o ganiza ion, compe ence, sa e y design, cos –bene i calcula ions, p og ams, models, and
echnical solu ions. These conside a ions mus be aken in o accoun o con ibu e o
minimizing isks and inc easing sa e y in companies in he cons uc ion indus y, empha-
sizing ha i is a complex ma e in which all membe s o he o ganiza ion a e in ol ed in
achie ing i .
On he o he hand, a undamen al pa o he wo k en i onmen is examined in he
s udy o Yuan e al. (2022) in which he ela ionship be ween sa e y clima e, labo ela ions,
and unsa e psychological s a es in cons uc ion is examined using he SEIR model. The
li e a u e e iew emphasizes he impo ance o he sa e y clima e in p e en ing unsa e
psychological s a es. The ecommenda ion includes conduc ing egula aining mee ings
o s eng hen ela ionships, p omo e sa e y communica ion, and enhance awa eness wi hin
he eam. Addi ionally, he e ec i eness o imp o ing psychological s a es is unde sco ed,
wi h a key ole assigned o eam leade s and sa e y expe s. Moni o ing men al heal h and
aining p og ams, especially o pos - auma ic men al heal h, a e highligh ed aspec s.
In line wi h men al heal h in he wo kplace, he s udy by Golzad e al. (2023) o-
cuses on add essing he conce ning p e alence o suicides and men al heal h issues in he
cons uc ion indus y while simul aneously aiming o imp o e occupa ional sa e y. The
esea ch employed a sys ema ic li e a u e e iew, gi en he sca ci y o a ailable e iews on
his speci ic opic. Fo y- h ee ac o s con ibu ing o men al heal h issues we e iden i ied,
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 4 o 26
wi h high job demands being he mos signi ican , ollowed by in e pe sonal ela ionships,
low job con ol, limi ed job suppo , and physical heal h. Addi ionally, de iciencies in he
ou dimensions o he psychological sa e y clima e 12-i em scale (PSC-12) we e explo ed,
indica ing new a eas o esea ch o add ess hese knowledge gaps. The s udy o e s a com-
p ehensi e heo e ical model o he causes o men al heal h issues, p o iding a aluable
sou ce o p ac ical knowledge o p o essionals in he ield.
These p e iously desc ibed sys ema ic li e a u e e iews (SLRs) sugges ha in a
con ex whe e a con lic i e o ganiza ional en i onmen can ha e de imen al consequences
o he men al and physical heal h o wo ke s, i is impe a i e o p oac i ely add ess hese
challenges. This a icle aims o explo e and expand he con ibu ions o SLRs by p o iding a
comp ehensi e unde s anding o how hese p ac ices impac he c ea ion o a heal hy wo k
en i onmen and con ibu e o he sus ainable success o companies in he cons uc ion
indus y. Th ough a de ailed analysis, he goal is o op imize wo king condi ions and os e
posi i e pe o mance in his c ucial sec o .
1.2. Objec i es
The objec i e o he p esen esea ch is o iden i y he cha ac e is ics ela ed o he
o ganiza ional clima e, speci ically a ge ing companies in he cons uc ion sec o . In
his con ex , he aim is o examine he dimensions, ac o s, models, popula ion, sample,
and s a is ical es s used in he de elopmen o o ganiza ional clima e in he cons uc ion
en i onmen . These elemen s p o ide leade s wi h he necessa y ools o imp o e he wo k
en i onmen , p omo e employee well-being, and con ibu e o he o e all success o he
o ganiza ion. To achie e his, he ollowing esea ch ques ions will be add essed:
RQ1: Wha a e he p ominen dimensions o o ganiza ional clima e?
RQ2: Wha ac o s a e conside ed in he ealm o o ganiza ional clima e in cons uc ion?
RQ3: Wha models a e de eloped o enhance o ganiza ional clima e?
The ollowing ques ions a e complemen a y and a e pa o he da a collec ion: In
which coun y ha e mo e s udies been conduc ed on he opic unde in es iga ion? Wha
is he p edominan popula ion in scien i ic esea ch? Wha is he mos signi ican sample
among he e ie ed scien i ic a icles?
Th ough his sys ema ic app oach, a comp ehensi e unde s anding o he dimensions
and cha ac e is ics in he cons uc ion en i onmen will be achie ed.
2. Me hods
In his sec ion, he eligibili y c i e ia, in o ma ion sou ces, sea ch s a egy, s udy
selec ion p ocess, da a ex ac ion p ocess, da a lis , and e ec measu es a e desc ibed. This
s udy p esen s a se ies o in es iga ions using he PRISMA me hodology o (Page e al.
2021) which a e hen sys ema ically analyzed. The s udies ocused on he applica ion o
dimensions, ac o s, and models o he o ganiza ional clima e in he cons uc ion indus y.
They ha e been published as scien i ic a icles in he English language in specialized
jou nals o e he pas i e yea s. The goal is o acqui e upda ed knowledge abou ends
and he mos ecen esea ch in his ield o s udy.
2.1. Eligibili y C i e ia
In Table 1, he selec ion c i e ia o his SLR a e ou lined. These c i e ia a e ca ego ized
in o inclusion and exclusion c i e ia, de ailing he pa ame e s used o choose he s udies.
2.2. In o ma ion Sou ces
SCOPUS was u ilized as he sea ch sou ce, as his pla o m compiles in o ma ion
om a ious scien i ic da abases, publishe s, and highly ele an jou nals. The eason
o choosing his da abase is ha i p o ided a conside able numbe o scien i ic a icles
(176), conside ing i as a signi ican sample. The las sea ch s ing applied is da ed 13
No embe 2023.
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 5 o 26
Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion c i e ia.
Inclusion C i e ia Exclusion C i e ia
•SCOPUS da abase. •Exclusion o s udies wi h a ocus on he medical ield.
•S udies con aining e ms ela ed o he opic in he i le. •
S udies ha ha e no ele ance o he cons uc ion indus y
a e excluded.
•Inclusion o he las 5 yea s up o he p esen da e: 2019,
2020, 2021, 2022, 2023. •Duplica e s udies.
•S udies published in he English language.
2.3. Sea ch S a egy
The s udies in he con ol g oup we e used as a s a ing poin o es ablish he sea ch
s ing. Th ough an ini ial analysis o 30 a icles ele an o he esea ch opic acco ding
o he au ho s’ c i e ia, keywo d iden i ica ion was pe o med wi h a equency o wo
o mo e. The sea ch s ing was cons uc ed based on he mos ecu en keywo ds in he
con ol g oup (see Tables 2and 3).
Table 2. Te m blocks o he sea ch s ings.
Block Ini ial Te ms
F equency o Te ms om S udies
in he Con ol G oup Te ms Used Desc ip ion
Block 1 “O ganiza ional Cul u e”,
“Job Sa is ac ion”,
“Employee Recogni ion”,
“O ganiza ional Clima e”,
“Co po a e Cul u e”,
“Employee Sa is ac ion”
occupa ional heal h and sa e y: 3
occupa ional acciden : 1
job cul u e: 1
job p oduc i i y: 1
job sa is ac ion: 14
wo king condi ions: 6
wage de e mina ion: 1
wo k con lic : 3
sa e y clima e: 2
occupa ional heal h: 6
o ganiza ional cul u e: 10
pe o mance assessmen : 1
wo k en i onmen : 3
job bu nou : 4
cons uc ion sa e y: 3
occupa ional isk: 2
o ganiza ional lea ning: 1
acciden s occupa ional: 1
indus ial hygiene: 1
occupa ional sa e y: 3
o ganiza ional cul u e: 1
occupa ional s ess: 2
wo kplace: 2
job s ess: 1
job pe o mance: 3
wo k pe o mance: 1
wo ke s pe o mance: 1
wo k engagemen : 1
e en ion in o ganiza ions: 1
“occupa ional heal h”,
“job sa is ac ion”,
“wo king condi ions”,
“wo k con lic ”, “sa e y
clima e”,
“o ganiza ional
cul u e”, “wo k
en i onmen ”, “job
bu nou ”,
“cons uc ion sa e y”,
“occupa ional isk”,
“occupa ional sa e y”,
“occupa ional s ess”,
“job pe o mance”
I consis s o e ms
ela ed o he
o ganiza ional clima e.
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 6 o 26
Table 2. Con .
Block Ini ial Te ms
F equency o Te ms om S udies
in he Con ol G oup Te ms Used Desc ip ion
Block 2 “Cons uc ion Sec o ”,
“Cons uc ion Indus y”,
“Cons uc ion companies”,
“Cons uc ion Fi ms”,
“Building Companies”,
“Building Fi ms”, “Ci il
Enginee ing Companies”,
“Cons uc ion Company”,
“Cons uc ion
O ganiza ion”,
“Cons uc ion ma ke s”,
“Building indus y”,
“Building sec o ”,
“Building business”
cons uc ion wo ke : 12
building indus y: 17
cons uc ion indus y: 22
cons uc ion
o ganiza ions: 2
cons uc ion p ojec s: 3
cons uc ion i m: 3
cons uc ion wo k: 2
cons uc ion p o essionals: 2
cons uc ion companies: 1
cons uc ion sec o s: 1
cons uc ion p ojec : 1
cons uc ion equipmen : 1
“cons uc ion wo ke ”,
“building indus y”,
“cons uc ion indus y”,
“cons uc ion
o ganiza ion”,
“cons uc ion p ojec ”,
“cons uc ion wo k”,
“cons uc ion i m”,
“cons uc ion
p o essional”
I consis s o e ms
ela ed o he
o ganiza ional clima e
ocused on cons uc ion
companies.
Table 3. Con ol g oup s udies.
Ti le Abs ac Ex ac
Keywo ds
Cons uc ion O ganiza ional Clima e
E ec o Occupa ional Heal h
and Sa e y T aining o
Chinese Cons uc ion Wo ke s
Based on he CHAID Decision
T ee (Cao e al. 2021)
Backg ound: Occupa ional heal h and
sa e y (OHS) aining is an impo an
way o p e en cons uc ion sa e y
isks. Howe e , he e ec i eness o
OHS aining in China is ques ionable.
In his s udy, he CHAID (chi-squa ed
au oma ic in e ac ion de ec ion)
decision ee, chi-squa e analysis, and
co ela ion analysis we e used o
explo e he main, seconda y, weak,
un ela ed, and expec a ion ac o s
a ec ing he e ec i eness o aining. I
is he i s o pu o wa d he
“ i e- ac o me hod” o aining
e ec i eness. . .
cons uc ion wo ke ;
building indus y
occupa ional heal h and
sa e y; occupa ional
acciden
An In eg a ed Model o
Imp o e Job Sa is ac ion: A
Case o a Sus ainable
Cons uc ion Indus y
(Khah o e al. 2023)
In he las ew yea s, he ields o
managemen , social psychology, and
business ope a ions ha e all paid a
la ge amoun o a en ion o he
academic idea o job sa is ac ion. This
pape looks a mo e han a decade o
esea ch in o wha makes people happy
a wo k and wha happens o hem as a
esul . Companies ha e s a ed o
ealize ha hei employees a e hei
mos aluable asse in his ime o apid
change. The e is no speci ic model o
he job sa is ac ion o cons uc ion
wo ke s in de eloping coun ies. . .
cons uc ion indus y;
building indus y
job cul u e; job
p oduc i i y; job
sa is ac ion; wo king
condi ions; wage
de e mina ion
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 7 o 26
Table 3. Con .
Ti le Abs ac Ex ac
Keywo ds
Cons uc ion O ganiza ional Clima e
Can P o essionaliza ion
Alle ia e Job Bu nou in
Cons uc ion Wo ke s in
China? A Mul i a iable
Media ing Model (Ni e al.
2022b)
Bu nou is a all- ime highs ac oss
mode n p o essions. As a ypical
labo -in ensi e indus y, he
high-p essu e and ask-d i en na u e o
he cons uc ion indus y makes
cons uc ion wo ke s mo e p one o
bu nou . I is s ill unclea whe he
inc easing he p o essionaliza ion le el
can lessen he many ha m ul
consequences o job bu nou on
cons uc ion wo ke s’ employmen .
The e o e, his s udy examined he
in luencing. . .
cons uc ion wo ke s;
cons uc ion indus y;
building indus y
job sa is ac ion; wo king
condi ions; wo k con lic
Rela ionship be ween Job
Sa is ac ion and Employee
Pe o mance in he
Cons uc ion Indus y o
Pakis an (Memon e al. 2023)
O ganiza ions ocus on human
esou ces o imp o e pe o mance as a
esul o high global compe i ion and a
dynamic business en i onmen . In
oday’s compe i i e en i onmen ,
employee pe o mance and job
sa is ac ion a e c i ical o he
achie emen o a company’s goals. Job
sa is ac ion is an o ganiza ion’s
unno iced success. Employee
pe o mance and job sa is ac ion a e
powe ul ools ha help in
con inuously de eloping and
imp o ing o ganiza ional pe o mance
o achie e s a egic objec i es. . .
cons uc ion indus y job sa is ac ion
Mul iple ac o
comp ehensi e analysis
(CAMF) model o
occupa ional heal h and sa e y
aining e ec o cons uc ion
wo ke s (Cao e al. 2023)
In iew o he occupa ional heal h and
sa e y (OHS) aining on he sa e y o
cons uc ion wo ke s, and many
complex ac o s. Th ough empi ical
in es iga ion, his s udy p oposes a se
o mul iple ac o comp ehensi e
analysis (CAMF) model o explo e he
e ec i eness o OHS aining and i s
main in luencing ac o s. I has been
ound ha aining e ec i eness is
posi i ely ela ed o whe he o
ecei e. . .
cons uc ion wo ke s occupa ional heal h and
sa e y
SEIR model and simula ion
esea ch on unsa e
psychological s a e
p opaga ion o cons uc ion
wo ke s conside ing sa e y
clima e and in ima e
ela ionships (Yuan e al. 2022)
The cons uc ion indus y is a pilla
indus y o China and occupies an
essen ial posi ion in ou economic
de elopmen . Howe e , in he
as -de eloping cons uc ion indus y,
he numbe o i s sa e y acciden s is
also g owing yea by yea . Sa e y
acciden s a e o en due o unsa e
beha io s o cons uc ion wo ke s, and
unsa e p eca ious psychological s a es
a e impo an ac o s o unsa e
beha io s. . .
cons uc ion indus y;
building indus y
sa e y clima e;
occupa ional heal h;
o ganiza ional cul u e
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 8 o 26
Table 3. Con .
Ti le Abs ac Ex ac
Keywo ds
Cons uc ion O ganiza ional Clima e
O ganiza ional Fac o s
In luencing he Sus ainabili y
Pe o mance o Cons uc ion
O ganiza ions (A zal and Lim
2022)
Cons uc ion p ojec s con ibu e
signi ican ly o he g ow h o coun ies
in e ms o GDP and employmen
oppo uni ies. Howe e , cons uc ion
o ganiza ions a e o en c i icized o
no adop ing sus ainable p ac ices in
deli e ing hei p ojec s. Unde pinned
by he esou ce-based heo y (RBT) his
esea ch aims o in es iga e he
o ganiza ional ac o s in luencing he
sus ainabili y pe o mance o
cons uc ion o ganiza ions. . .
cons uc ion o ganiza ions;
cons uc ion p ojec s
pe o mance assessmen
Analysis o Fac o s
In luencing he Job
Sa is ac ion o New
Gene a ion o Cons uc ion
Wo ke s in China: A S udy
Based on DEMATEL and ISM
(Ni e al. 2022a)
China’s cons uc ion indus y is acing
se ious p oblems o aging cons uc ion
wo ke s and labo sho ages.
Imp o ing he job sa is ac ion o
cons uc ion wo ke s is a key poin o
e aining exis ing cons uc ion wo ke s
and o a ac ing younge gene a ions
in o he cons uc ion ield in China. A
p esen , he new gene a ion o
cons uc ion wo ke s (NGCW) bo n
a e 1980 has been he main o ce on
cons uc ion si es in China. . .
cons uc ion wo ke s job sa is ac ion
In luence o O ganiza ional
Cul u e on Cons uc ion
Fi ms’ Pe o mance: The
Media ing Roles o Inno a ion
and Ma ke ing Capabili ies
(Osman e al. 2023)
Local Ghanaian cons uc ion i ms ha e
been accused o unde pe o mance due
o inadequa e esou ces and
capabili ies, lack o ma ke in o ma ion,
poo manage ial skills, and o he
ex e nal ac o s. While cons uc ion
i ms may be unable o con ol ex e nal
challenges, how hey mobilize in e nal
esou ces o con on hem may be
c ucial o hei pe o mance and
su i al. An eme ging consensus is
ha how o ganiza ions is ela ed o
hei o ganiza ional cul u e. . .
cons uc ion i m;
cons uc ion indus y
o ganiza ional cul u e
Psychosocial Cons uc ion
Wo k En i onmen and
Wellbeing in he Viabili y o
Indigenous Cons uc ion
Fi ms (Oladimeji 2020)
The s a egic ole o indigenous
cons uc ion i ms (ICFs) in he
de elopmen o he cons uc ion
indus y be e cons uc ion ou pu and
in as uc u al de elopmen in
de eloping coun ies canno be
o e emphasized. These goals may no
be achie ed i i ms’ psychosocial
cons uc ion wo k en i onmen and
wellbeing (PCEW) a e no app aised.
To his end, his s udy iden i ied and
assessed ac o s ela ing o PCEW in
he 37 ac o s in luencing. . .
cons uc ion wo k;
cons uc ion i ms
wo k en i onmen
No e: The emaining a icles om he con ol g oup a e a ailable in he Supplemen a y Ma e ial, in he Excel
wo kshee i led O ganiza ional Clima e SLR.xlsx.
A single il e was applied, limi ing he sea ch exclusi ely o he i le. This p ocess led
o he o ma ion o he ollowing sea ch s ing:
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 15 o 26
I is c ucial o emphasize he limi ed ep esen a ion o s udies om La in Ame ican
coun ies in he esea ch ield o he o ganiza ional clima e. Wi hin his geog aphical
ca ego y, he coun ies iden i ied hus a a e Chile and B azil, e ealing a no able lack o
subs an ial con ibu ions in he academic li e a u e.
3.2.2. P edominan Popula ion
In his speci ic con ex , a ious ends in he ob ained esul s we e disce ned. I is
essen ial o no e ha , gi en he a iabili y in he s udy opics, he composi ion o he
popula ion may di e conside ably. Fo his eason, in his analysis, he choice is made
o conside he mos signi ican popula ion among he e ie ed s udies, highligh ing he
impo ance o his comp ehensi e app oach. In he explo a ion o he da a, elemen s o
he quali a i e popula ion we e iden i ied, adding an addi ional laye o complexi y and
ichness o he unde s anding o he esul s. The popula ion ha s ands ou no ably in
his con ex is cons uc ion wo ke s, ollowed by cons uc ion o ganiza ions in China,
signi ican cons uc ion p ojec s, and ci il enginee ing and mining p o esso s in China (see
Figu e 4).
Adm. Sci. 2024, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 o 26
impo ance o his comp ehensi e app oach. In he explo a ion o he da a, elemen s o
he quali a i e popula ion we e iden i ied, adding an addi ional laye o complexi y and
ichness o he unde s anding o he esul s. The popula ion ha s ands ou no ably in his
con ex is cons uc ion wo ke s, ollowed by cons uc ion o ganiza ions in China, signi i-
can cons uc ion p ojec s, and ci il enginee ing and mining p o esso s in China (see Fig-
u e 4).
Figu e 4. Pe cen age o popula ion ypes in he esea ch s udies. No e: The e ie ed popula ion
can be s udied in he Supplemen a y Ma e ial, i led O ganiza ional Clima e SLR.xlsx
3.3. Resul s o Syn hesis
RQ1. Wha a e he p ominen dimensions o o ganiza ional clima e?
Rega ding he o mula ed esea ch ques ion, as obse ed in Table 5, i is highligh ed
ha he dimension mos equen ly obse ed o ecommended in he analyses o s udies,
wi h he pu pose o p omo ing o ganiza ional clima e, is special a en ion o heal h and
occupa ional sa e y. The wo k en i onmen eme ges as a dimension ha emains highly
ep esen a i e, being one o he mos equen ly men ioned in he esea ch; i is a unda-
men al componen o he success and s abili y o job sa is ac ion. The subsequen dimen-
sion is ela ed o o ganiza ional cul u e, a undamen al dimension ha in luences how
o ganiza ion membe s in e ac , make decisions, and add ess challenges. The dimension
o job pe o mance, wo king condi ions, and job engagemen is also p esen ed, compiled
om a o al o 136 unique s udies.
Table 5. Iden i ied dimensions o o ganiza ional clima e in he cons uc ion sec o .
Dimensions Indica o s To al Unique S udies
Rep esen a i e-
ness Rega ding
he To al (%)
Occupa ional heal h
and sa e y
• Labo sa e y condi ions.
• Suppo in e ms o occupa-
ional heal h and sa e y.
• Heal h and sa e y policies.
• Sa e y clima e.
• Occupa ional isks.
• Job s ess.
• Job bu nou .
• Occupa ional acciden s.
• Occupa ional men al heal h.
123
PS-1;PS-100;PS-101;PS-102;PS-
103;PS-105;PS-106;PS-107;PS-
108;PS-11;PS-110;PS-112;PS-113;PS-
115;PS-116;PS-117;PS-118;PS-
119;PS-12;PS-120;PS-121;PS-122;PS-
123;PS-124;PS-125;PS-126;PS-
127;PS-128;PS-129;PS-13;PS-130;PS-
131;PS-132;PS-133;PS-134;PS-
135;PS-136;PS-138;PS-139;PS-14;PS-
140;PS-141;PS-142;PS-143;PS-
144;PS-145;PS-147;PS-148;PS-15;PS-
150;PS-151;PS-152;PS-153;PS-
90.44
Wo k en i onmen • Job sa is ac ion.
• Job con lic s. 36 26.47
10
0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Cons uc ion
Wo ke s
Cons uc ion
O ganiza ions in
China
Majo Cons uc ion
P ojec s
Ci il Enginee ing
P o esso s in
China's Mining
Indus y
P o essionals in he
Cons uc ion
Indus y
Figu e 4. Pe cen age o popula ion ypes in he esea ch s udies. No e: The e ie ed popula ion can
be s udied in he Supplemen a y Ma e ial, i led O ganiza ional Clima e SLR.xlsx.
3.3. Resul s o Syn hesis
RQ1. Wha a e he p ominen dimensions o o ganiza ional clima e?
Rega ding he o mula ed esea ch ques ion, as obse ed in Table 5, i is highligh ed
ha he dimension mos equen ly obse ed o ecommended in he analyses o s ud-
ies, wi h he pu pose o p omo ing o ganiza ional clima e, is special a en ion o heal h
and occupa ional sa e y. The wo k en i onmen eme ges as a dimension ha emains
highly ep esen a i e, being one o he mos equen ly men ioned in he esea ch; i is a
undamen al componen o he success and s abili y o job sa is ac ion. The subsequen di-
mension is ela ed o o ganiza ional cul u e, a undamen al dimension ha in luences how
o ganiza ion membe s in e ac , make decisions, and add ess challenges. The dimension
o job pe o mance, wo king condi ions, and job engagemen is also p esen ed, compiled
om a o al o 136 unique s udies.
RQ2. Wha ac o s a e conside ed in he ealm o o ganiza ional clima e in cons uc ion?
Wi hin his scope, a ious classi ica ions o ac o s a e es ablished by he au ho s, such
as dimension ac o s, model ac o s, and o he ac o s ela ed o he esea ch opic. In he
second esea ch ques ion, as shown in Table 6, i was emphasized ha he p edominan
dimension ac o s we e ela ed o heal h and occupa ional sa e y. These ac o s in luence
employees’ pe cep ion o wo kplace sa e y, hei commi men o sa e p ac ices, and he
educ ion in isks and p e en ion o wo kplace acciden s. Addi ionally, ac o s ela ed o
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 16 o 26
he wo k en i onmen , job pe o mance, and o ganiza ional cul u e a e men ioned. These
a e among he dimension ac o s compiled om 95 a icles.
Table 5. Iden i ied dimensions o o ganiza ional clima e in he cons uc ion sec o .
Dimensions Indica o s To al Unique S udies
Rep esen a i eness
Rega ding he
To al (%)
Occupa ional
heal h and sa e y
•Labo sa e y
condi ions.
•Suppo in e ms
o occupa ional
heal h and sa e y.
•Heal h and sa e y
policies.
•Sa e y clima e.
•Occupa ional
isks.
•Job s ess.
•Job bu nou .
•Occupa ional
acciden s.
•Occupa ional
men al heal h.
123 PS-1;PS-100;PS-101;PS-102;PS-103;PS-
105;PS-106;PS-107;PS-108;PS-11;PS-
110;PS-112;PS-113;PS-115;PS-116;PS-
117;PS-118;PS-119;PS-12;PS-120;PS-
121;PS-122;PS-123;PS-124;PS-125;PS-
126;PS-127;PS-128;PS-129;PS-13;PS-
130;PS-131;PS-132;PS-133;PS-134;PS-
135;PS-136;PS-138;PS-139;PS-14;PS-
140;PS-141;PS-142;PS-143;PS-144;PS-
145;PS-147;PS-148;PS-15;PS-150;PS-
151;PS-152;PS-153;PS-154;PS-16;PS-17;PS-
18;PS-19;PS-2;PS-20;PS-21;PS-22;PS-23;PS-
24;PS-25;PS-26;PS-28;PS-29;PS-3;PS-30;PS-
31;PS-32;PS-33;PS-34;PS-35;PS-36;PS-
37;PS-38;PS-39;PS-40;PS-41;PS-43;PS-
44;PS-45;PS-46;PS-47;PS-48;PS-49;PS-
50;PS-51;PS-52;PS-53;PS-54;PS-55;PS-
56;PS-57;PS-58;PS-59;PS-6;PS-60;PS-61;PS-
62;PS-63;PS-64;PS-65;PS-67;PS-68;PS-
69;PS-7;PS-70;PS-71;PS-72;PS-73;PS-74;PS-
76;PS-77;PS-78,PS-79;PS-8;PS-80;PS-81;PS-
82;PS-83;PS-84;PS-85;PS-86;PS-88;PS-
89;PS-9;PS-91;PS-93;PS-94;PS-95;PS-97;PS-
98
90.44
Wo k en i onmen
•Job sa is ac ion.
•Job con lic s.
•Complain
communica ion.
36 26.47
O ganiza ional
cul u e.
•Sa e y cul u e.
•Occupa ional
heal h cul u e. 12 8.82
Job pe o mance •Job pe o mance. 6 4.41
Wo king
condi ions.
•Wo kplace.
•Wo k ligh ing.
•Com o and
con enience.
4 2.94
Employee
engagemen .
•Employee
ini ia i es.
•In ol emen in
decision-making.
1 0.74
As e idenced in Table 7, ac o s cha ac e izing o ganiza ional clima e models a e lim-
i ed, and no p ominen elemen s a e iden i ied wi hin his domain; a he , all exhibi simila
le els o ep esen a i eness. This lack o dis inc ion among ac o s sugges s homogenei y
in he pe cep ion o o ganiza ional clima e, whe e di e se elemen s con ibu e equi ably o
he o e all con igu a ion o such clima e.
The 3P+I ac o s a e p esen ed in his able, and his model p o es highly use ul
o he o ganiza ional domain in e ms o people, p ocesses, and policies. Addi ionally,
ac o s ha imp o e occupa ional heal h and sa e y (SST) acco ding o 4D-BIM echnology
a e included. This echnology o e s se e al bene i s, such as iden i ying po en ial isks,
minimizing con lic s, educing isks, and communica ing sa e y p ocedu es, among o he s,
all ocused on he cons uc ion, which is a cha ac e is ic o his model. Fac o s ela ed
o BIM in occupa ional heal h and sa e y (SST) and ac o s e lec ing he labo demands
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 17 o 26
o cons uc ion p ojec s managemen (CPM) a e also ound. These a e he model ac o s
compiled om ou unique s udies.
Table 6. Dimension ac o s es ablished o he de elopmen o he o ganiza ional clima e in he
cons uc ion sec o .
Fac o s Indica o s To al S udies’ ID
Rep esen a i eness
Rega ding he
To al (%)
Fac o s o occupa ional
heal h and sa e y.
Fac o s o occupa ional
isks; ac o s o sa e y
clima e; ac o s o
occupa ional s ess; ac o s
o occupa ional acciden s;
ac o s a ec ing he
implemen a ion o OHS
no ms; ac o s o
imp o ing OHS; ac o s o
occupa ional sa e y; ac o s
o measu ing sa e y
clima e; ac o s associa ed
wi h he occu ence o WA
(wo k acciden s); ac o s o
job bu nou .
70
PS-10;PS-101;PS-103;PS-105;PS-
106;PS-107;PS-108;PS-11;PS-
110;PS-111;PS-112;PS-113;PS-
115;PS-116;PS-117;PS-118;PS-
119;PS-12;PS-121;PS-122;PS-
123;PS-124;PS-126;PS-127;PS-
128;PS-129;PS-13;PS-131;PS-
134;PS-136;PS-139;PS-140;PS-
141;PS-142;PS-143;PS-144;PS-
147;PS-148;PS-15;PS-150;PS-
153;PS-16;PS-18;PS-19;PS-2;PS-
23;PS-24;PS-25;PS-26;PS-27;PS-
28;PS-29;PS-3;PS-30;PS-31;PS-
32;PS-33;PS-35;PS-37;PS-38;PS-
40;PS-41;PS-45;PS-46;PS-47;PS-
49;PS-50;PS-51;PS-52;PS-56;PS-
58;PS-59;PS-6;PS-62;PS-64;PS-
65;PS-69;PS-7;PS-72;PS-73;PS-
74;PS-77;PS-78;PS-79;PS-8;PS-
80;PS-81;PS-83;PS-84;PS-85;PS-
88;PS-89;PS-9;PS-91;PS-95
73.68
Fac o s o he wo k
en i onmen .
Fac o s o job sa is ac ion;
ac o s a ec ing men al
heal h wi hin he
amewo k o job
sa is ac ion; ac o s o he
wo k en i onmen ; ac o s
o he quali y o wo k li e;
ac o s o job insecu i y;
s ess ul ac o s in
cons uc ion p ojec s;
ac o s a ec ing job
sa is ac ion; ac o s o
measu ing job sa is ac ion;
ac o s a ec ing he i
be ween he olde
wo k o ce and he
cons uc ion wo k
en i onmen (CWE).
21 22.11
Fac o s o job
pe o mance.
Fac o s o job pe o mance.
6 6.32
Fac o s o
o ganiza ional cul u e.
Fac o s ha assess he ype
o o ganiza ional cul u e. 4 4.21
Wi hin he classi ica ion o “o he ac o s,” as obse ed in Table 8, all ac o s exhibi
homogeneous ep esen a i eness. This includes ac o s de e mining wo k capaci y, job
ins abili y ac o s, beha io -based sa e y (BBS) ac o s, job dissa is ac ion ac o s, ac o s
dec easing u no e in en ion, ac o s unde s anding he connec ion be ween acciden s
and sa e beha io , and ac o s causing wo k– amily con lic . These ac o s we e compiled
om se en di e en a icles.
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 18 o 26
Table 7. O ganiza ional clima e model ac o s.
Fac o s To al Unique S udies Rep esen a i eness
Rega ding he To al (%)
3P+I ac o s. 1
PS-16;PS-102;PS-21;PS-125
25
Fac o s ha enhance occupa ional heal h and sa e y
acco ding o 4D-BIM echnology. 1 25
Fac o s ela ed o BIM in occupa ional heal h and
sa e y (SST). 1 25
Fac o s e lec ing he wo k demands o cons uc ion
p ojec s managemen (CPM). 1 25
Table 8. O he ac o s o o ganiza ional clima e.
Fac o s To al S udies’ ID
Rep esen a i eness
Rega ding he To al
(%)
Fac o s de e mining wo k capaci y. 1
PS-1;PS-6;PS-22;PS-76;PS-
142;PS-145;PS-154
14.29
Fac o s o job ins abili y. 1 14.29
Beha io -based sa e y (BBS) ac o s. 1 14.29
Fac o s o job dissa is ac ion. 1 14.29
Fac o s educing he in en ion o u no e . 1 14.29
Fac o s o unde s and he connec ion be ween
acciden s and sa e beha io . 1 14.29
Fac o s causing con lic be ween wo k and amily. 1 14.29
No e: In o al, ac o s om 106 s udies we e compiled ac oss he h ee classi ica ions p oposed by he au ho s.
RQ3: Wha models a e de eloped o enhance o ganiza ional clima e?
Rega ding he hi d esea ch ques ion, as e ealed in he esul s in Table 9, he job
demands– esou ces (JD-R) model s ands ou as he p edominan app oach in esea ch on
he o ganiza ional clima e. This widely used model ocuses on he in e ac ion be ween job
demands and esou ces, p o iding a comp ehensi e amewo k o unde s and how hese
elemen s in luence employee well-being and o ganiza ional pe o mance.
Immedia ely ollowing his analysis, he ele ance o he Wexley model, he COM-
B model, and he occupa ional s ess media ion model eme ges. These models add ess
he complexi y o ac o s in luencing job sa is ac ion, conside ing bo h in insic and ex-
insic aspec s. Simila ly, he BIM model and he GRIS clus e ing model acili a e he
decision-making p ocess and con ibu e o educing isks in cons uc ion ac i i ies, inc eas-
ing e iciency.
The dual-p ocess posi i e–nega i e psychological model, he CART model, neu al
ne wo k, and he SOR model (s imulus–o ganism– esponse), along wi h he PSC-12 model,
a e designed o p o ide assis ance and iden i y po en ial no able cha ac e is ics ega ding
o ganiza ional heal h and he men al heal h o wo ke s. Addi ionally, models o isk as-
sessmen in occupa ional heal h and sa e y (SST) a e p esen ed, such as he comp ehensi e
hyb id uzzy-based occupa ional isk assessmen model (CHFORAM).
3.4. Risk o Bias in S udies
The isk o biases in he s udies included in his SLR unde wen a me iculous e iew
p ocess by he au ho s. The esul s indica ing he ep esen a i eness o he s udies a e
p esen ed in Table 10, wi h he aim o enabling an assessmen o he quali y o he en i e
se o a icles. Acco ding o he da a p esen a ion, only 86.93% o he o al candida e
s udies we e selec ed o de ailed analysis, and 80.68% o he s udies we e chosen o he
esea ch compila ion.
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 19 o 26
Table 9. Models de eloped o imp o e he o ganiza ional clima e in he cons uc ion sec o .
Models To al S udies’ ID
Rep esen a i eness
Rega ding he To al
(%)
JD-R Model (Job Demands–Resou ces) 3
PS-125;PS-7;PS-
8;PS-9;PS-16;PS-
22;PS-23;PS-24;PS-
26;PS-28;PS-29;PS-
32;PS-36;PS-57;PS-
62;PS-69;PS-74;PS-
85;PS-88;PS-97;PS-
124;PS-129;PS-
142;PS-147;PS-
148;PS-151;PS-
131;PS-145
10.71
Models o measu e he le el o job sa is ac ion: Wexley’s, s uc u al
model o job sa is ac ion h ough commi men and us 1 3.57
Psychological model o posi i e–nega i e dual p ocess 1 3.57
BIM (Building In o ma ion Modeling): model o acili a e he
decision-making p ocess and con ibu e o educing isks in
cons uc ion ac i i ies and inc easing e iciency
1 3.57
3P+I Model: o p e en u u e acciden s 1 3.57
BIM Model in he cons uc ion indus y; GRIS (G ouping Model) 1 3.57
A ibu e-based isk analysis model along wi h he isk deg ee 1 3.57
Theo e ical model based on he Conse a ion o Resou ces
(COR) heo y 1 3.57
COM-B Model: People need capabili y (C), oppo uni y (O), and
mo i a ion (M) o pe o m a beha io (B) 1 3.57
Mul ile el Sa e y Clima e Model 1 3.57
CART model, Neu al Ne wo k 1 3.57
Occupa ional Risk Model 1 3.57
Holis ic Occupa ional Heal h and Sa e y Risk Assessmen Model
(HOHSRAM) 1 3.57
O de ed Logi Model wi h Random Pa ame e s 1 3.57
Hie a chical Linea Model o Cons uc ion P ojec s 1 3.57
S imulus–O ganism–Response (SOR) Model 1 3.57
Theo e ical Model In oducing A ec i e Commi men as a
Mode a ing Va iable 1 3.57
Psychological Sa e y Clima e 12-I em Sho ened Ve sion
(PSC-12) Model 1 3.57
Mul iple Fac o Comp ehensi e Analysis Model (CAMF) 1 3.57
Occupa ional Heal h and Sa e y Risk Assessmen Model 1 3.57
Concep ual Model o Measu ing Cons uc ion Wo ke s’
Sa e y Beha io s 1 3.57
Suscep ible, Exposed, In ec ed, Reco e ed (SEIR) Model 1 3.57
Media ion Model o Occupa ional S ess 1 3.57
Fundamen al Concep ual Model o Wo k Beha io s 1 3.57
Hyb id Fuzzy-Based Occupa ional Risk Assessmen Model
(CHFORAM) 1 3.57
S ess, Cogni ion, Sa e y Model 1 3.57
Table 10. O e all quali y assessmen o a icles a e he pee e iew p ocess.
STUDY TYPE Numbe o
S udies Pe cen age (%) Desc ip ion
Candida e s udies 176 100.00 S udies esul ing om he applica ion o he
sea ch s ing
Selec ed s udies 174 98.86 Unique s udies wi hou duplica es
A e depu a ion o s udies 153 86.93 S udies a e e iewing he i le, abs ac ,
and keywo ds
Re ie ed s udies 142 80.68 S udies downloaded in ull ex
P ima y s udies 142 80.68 S udies e iewed in ull ex
Quali y assessmen was also ex ended o he con en o he p ima y s udies based on
hei ele ance o add essing he RQs, as speci ied in Table 11. In his con ex , RQ1 had an
a e age ep esen a i eness o 22.47%, RQ2 o 20.42%, and RQ3 o 3.85%. Consequen ly,
only he ep esen a i e elemen o each ca ego y was included in he na a i e o his
esea ch. Also, documen s con aining e ac ions and e a a we e excluded om his s udy.
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 20 o 26
Rega ding he sample popula ion, a ious alues we e collec ed om 113 s udies, so
i was app op ia e o calcula e he median o he samples. The median o he da ase is 200,
which means ha 50% o he popula ion samples ha e a alue less han o equal o 200,
and he o he 50% ha e a alue g ea e han o equal o 200. The median is use ul in his
case because i is no a ec ed by ex eme alues and p o ides a obus indica o o cen al
endency o he dis ibu ion o popula ion samples.
Table 11. Con en quali y assessmen o a icles.
RQs Add essed Rep. A e age (%) Median (%) High Con idence
(%)
Medium
Con idence (%)
Low Con idence
(%)
RQ1 22.47 6.67 21.09–27.94 14.23–21.08 7.35–14.22
RQ2 20.42 14.29 44.35–66.04 22.65–44.34 0.94–22.64
RQ3 3.85 3.57 8.34–10.71 5.96–8.33 3.57–5.95
3.5. Ce ain y o E idence
We conduc ed a isk analysis o each componen o each RQ, and he esul s we e
documen ed in Table 12, which includes he pe cen age o s udies add essing each RQ
in ela ion o he o al numbe o s udies (142), as well as he numbe o p ima y s udies
add essing each RQ.
Table 12. Summa y o isk assessmen o elemen s add essing each RQ.
RQ Add essing P ima y
S udies (PS)
Pe cen age Rega ding
he To al o PS (%)
Pe cen age Rega ding
he Numbe o S udies
Add essing he RQ (%)
RQ1. Wha a e
he p ominen
dimensions o
o ganiza ional
clima e?
Heal h and Sa e y a Wo k 38 26.76 27.94
O ganiza ional Cul u e 31 21.83 22.79
Job Pe o mance 28 19.72 20.59
Wo k En i onmen 19 13.38 13.97
Wo king Condi ions 12 8.45 8.82
Employee Engagemen 10 7.04 7.35
RQ2. Wha
ac o s a e
conside ed in he
ealm o
o ganiza ional
clima e in
cons uc ion?
Fac o s o Heal h and Sa e y a Wo k 70 49.30 66.04
Fac o s o O ganiza ional Clima e 21 14.79 19.81
Fac o s o Job Pe o mance 6 4.23 5.66
Fac o s o O ganiza ional Cul u e 4 2.82 3.77
Fac o s o 3P+I 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s Enhancing Occupa ional Heal h
and Sa e y h ough 4D-BIM Technology
1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s Rela ed o BIM in Occupa ional
Heal h and Sa e y 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s Re lec ing he Wo k Demands o
Cons uc ion P ojec Managemen
(CPM)
1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s De e mining Wo k Capaci y 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s o Job Insecu i y 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s o Beha io -Based Sa e y (BBS) 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s o Job Dissa is ac ion 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s Dec easing he In en ion o
Tu no e 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s Unde s anding he Connec ion
be ween Acciden s and Sa e Beha io 1 0.70 0.94
Fac o s Causing Wo k–Family Con lic 1 0.70 0.94
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 21 o 26
Table 12. Con .
RQ Add essing P ima y
S udies (PS)
Pe cen age Rega ding
he To al o PS (%)
Pe cen age Rega ding
he Numbe o S udies
Add essing he RQ (%)
RQ3. Wha
models a e
de eloped o
enhance
o ganiza ional
clima e?
JD-R Model 3 2.11 10.71
Models o Measu ing Job Sa is ac ion
by Wexley, S uc u al Model o Job
Sa is ac ion h ough Commi men and
T us
1 0.70 3.57
Psychological Model o
Posi i e–Nega i e Dual P ocess 1 0.70 3.57
BIM Model o Facili a ing
Decision-Making and Reducing Risks in
Cons uc ion Ac i i ies o Inc ease
E iciency
1 0.70 3.57
3P+I Model: P e en ing Fu u e
Acciden s 1 0.70 3.57
BIM Model in he Cons uc ion Indus y,
GRIS Clus e ing Model 1 0.70 3.57
A ibu e-Based Risk Analysis Model
wi h Risk Deg ee 1 0.70 3.57
Theo e ical Model Based on he
Conse a ion o Resou ces (COR)
Theo y
1 0.70 3.57
COM-B Model: People Need Capabili y
(C), Oppo uni y (O), and Mo i a ion
(M) o Pe o m a Beha io (B)
1 0.70 3.57
Mul ile el Sa e y Clima e Model 1 0.70 3.57
CART Model, Neu al Ne wo k 1 0.70 3.57
Job Risk Model 1 0.70 3.57
Holis ic Model o he Assessmen o
Sa e y and Occupa ional Heal h Risks
(HOHSRAM)
1 0.70 3.57
O de ed Logi Model o Random
Pa ame e s 1 0.70 3.57
Hie a chical Linea Model o
Cons uc ion P ojec s 1 0.70 3.57
SOR Model
(S imulus–O ganism–Response) 1 0.70 3.57
Theo e ical Model In oducing A ec i e
Commi men as a Mode a ing Va iable 1 0.70 3.57
PSC-12 Psychological Sa e y Clima e
Model 1 0.70 3.57
Mul iple Fac o Comp ehensi e
Analysis (CAMF) Model 1 0.70 3.57
Occupa ional Sa e y and Heal h Risk
Assessmen Model o Assessing and
Classi ying Occupa ional Risks
1 0.70 3.57
Concep ual Model o Measu ing
Cons uc ion Wo ke s’ Sa e y Beha io s
1 0.70 3.57
SEIR Model (Suscep ible, Exposed,
In ec ed, Reco e ed) 1 0.70 3.57
Media ion Model o Occupa ional S ess
1 0.70 3.57
Fundamen al Concep ual Model o
Wo k Beha io s 1 0.70 3.57
Hyb id Fuzzy-Based Occupa ional Risk
Assessmen Model (CHFORAM) 1 0.70 3.57
S ess, Cogni ion, Sa e y Model 1 0.70 3.57
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 22 o 26
4. Discussion
The esea ch highligh s China as a leade in s udies on he o ganiza ional clima e in
cons uc ion, ollowed by he ca ego y o unspeci ied coun y. Indonesia also has a signi -
ican p esence in his ield, con ibu ing o global knowledge abou wo king condi ions
in cons uc ion. The limi ed ep esen a ion o La in Ame ican s udies, iden i ying only
Chile and B azil, emphasizes he need o mo e esea ch in he egion. This inding calls o
os e ing knowledge gene a ion on he o ganiza ional clima e in La in Ame ica o en ich
local unde s anding and con ibu e o global knowledge in his ield.
Rega ding dimensions, he p io i ized a en ion o heal h and occupa ional sa e y,
essen ial o sa egua ding wo ke s, s ands ou as he dimension mos equen ly ocused
on in s udies on he o ganiza ional clima e, which aligns wi h he no ion pu o h by
Kinebe e al. (2023), who emphasize he impo ance o unde s anding and implemen ing
occupa ional heal h and sa e y managemen sys ems (OHSMS) o enhance sus ainabili y
in hese aspec s. In his ega d, he esea ch by Hayashi e al. (2023) is added, aiming o
examine he condi ions ha de e mine he imp o emen o occupa ional sa e y and heal h
o cons uc ion wo ke s. The o ganiza ional cul u e eme ges as an essen ial elemen , o en
highligh ed as a c ucial ac o o he success and s abili y o he wo k en i onmen . In
his con ex , Cao e al. (2021) poin ou ha bo h he wo k en i onmen and psychological
heal h exe a signi ican in luence on wo ke s’ pe cep ions and beha io s ela ed o sa e y
in he cons uc ion indus y. Golzad e al. (2023) e e ence he ala ming p e alence o
suicides and men al heal h issues in he indus y, and o his s udy, he wo k o Yuan e al.
(2022) can be added, which unde sco es he impo ance o he sa e y clima e in p e en ing
unsa e psychological s a es in cons uc ion. Along he same lines is he dimension ela ed
o job pe o mance, which is p esen ed as i al in cons uc ion companies and is closely
ela ed o he o ganiza ional cul u e.
Rega ding ac o s o he o ganiza ional clima e, i is emphasized ha hey a e classi ied
in o sec ions such as dimension ac o s, model ac o s, and o he ac o s. Rega ding dimen-
sion ac o s, hose ela ed o he sa e y clima e a e p edominan in opics o occupa ional
heal h and sa e y, as men ioned in he esea ch by Sup iya na e al. (2020), which ocuses on
sa e y and heal h isks in cons uc ion wo k o educe acciden s and occupa ional illnesses.
Addi ionally, ac o s o job sa is ac ion, isks, and job pe o mance a e men ioned, which
a e also highligh ed in he analyzed dimensions. In his sense, he s udy by Johansson e al.
(2019) p esen s ca ego ies o sa e y and occupa ional isks in he cons uc ion indus y,
which aligns wi h he s udy by Kongs ik (2019) add essing he occupa ional isks assumed
by o eign wo ke s compa ed o na ional wo ke s, making i clea ha he e may be im-
plica ions o job sa is ac ion and pe o mance. To hese s udies, he wo k o Wahab e al.
(2023) can be added, which ocuses on he CIDB’s G een Ca d T aining P og am, ideal o
aising awa eness among wo ke s abou sa e y, legisla ion, and egula ions, wi h he aim
o educing he incidence o acciden s and hei signi ican impac s on human and inancial
esou ces.
The ac o s cha ac e izing models o o ganiza ional clima e a e limi ed, and no p omi-
nen elemen s a e iden i ied wi hin his domain, as all exhibi simila le els o ep esen a-
i eness. This lack o dis inc ion among ac o s sugges s homogenei y in he pe cep ion
o o ganiza ional clima e, whe e a ious elemen s con ibu e equi ably o he o e all con-
igu a ion o his clima e. Among he key ac o s, he impo ance o ac o s in he 3P+I
model is highligh ed, ac o s ha imp o e occupa ional sa e y and heal h acco ding o
4D-BIM echnology. O he ac o s, such as hose de e mining labo capaci y, job ins abil-
i y, beha io -based sa e y (BBS), job dissa is ac ion, among o he s, exhibi homogeneous
ep esen a i eness in he lis .
In ela ion o models de eloped o enhance o ganiza ional clima e in he cons uc-
ion sec o , he job demands– esou ces (JD-R) model s ands ou as he p ima y app oach
o s udying o ganiza ional clima e. This model ocuses on he in e ac ion be ween job
demands and esou ces, p o iding a comp ehensi e amewo k o unde s anding o gani-
za ional pe o mance and how job cha ac e is ics p omo e employee well-being (Lesene
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 23 o 26
e al. 2019). Addi ionally, i examines job demands, job esou ces, and pe sonal esou ces, as
well as employee engagemen and bu nou (Fe ei a and Ghedine 2023). Fu he mo e, he
Wexley model is cha ac e ized by i s obus ness in measu ing job sa is ac ion, add essing
he complexi y o in insic and ex insic ac o s ha in luence i .
The e iew p esen s ce ain limi a ions ha need o be add essed o app op ia ely
con ex ualize he indings. A limi a ion ela ed o he a iabili y in da a a ailabili y among
included s udies has been iden i ied. No all s udies p o ided esponses o all esea ch
ques ions, and s udies ocusing on he medical ield we e excluded, as well as s udies wi h
no connec ion o he cons uc ion indus y. These exclusions a ec ed he obus ness o
he collec ed da a in ce ain aspec s, and ce ain limi a ions highligh he impo ance o
in e p e ing he esul s wi h cau ion.
The esul s o he e iew ha e signi ican implica ions o p ac ice, policies, and u u e
esea ch in he de elopmen o he o ganiza ional clima e in cons uc ion. I becomes
necessa y o con inue p omo ing esea ch in de eloped coun ies because new aspec s
eme ge om he e o be conside ed o u he esea ch. In he ealm o policies, he
impo ance o wo king on occupa ional heal h and sa e y, as well as job sa is ac ion, is
emphasized, gi en ha he cons uc ion indus y is known o i s isk na u e, haza ds,
and wo ke acciden s. The implemen a ion o policies in o ganiza ions is undamen al
o achie ing a sa is ac o y o ganiza ional clima e and ha ing a signi ican impac on he
success and sus ainabili y o a cons uc ion company. Fo u u e esea ch, he iden i ica ion
o dimensions, ac o s, and models se es as a aluable s a ing poin o esea che s
seeking o expand exis ing unde s anding o explo e new di ec ions. Likewise, hey can be
u ilized by p o essionals, decision-make s, o hose in he indus y o imp o e p ac ices,
policies, o p ocesses.
Se e al challenges encoun e ed in he esea ch can assis hose in e es ed in he opic
o he o ganiza ional clima e in de eloping hei esea ch. Managing cul u al di e ences
be ween mig an and local wo ke s o p omo e wo kplace sa e y is one o he challenges
ound, o which se e al s eps a e p esen ed o add ess i . These include simul aneously
add essing cul u al, s uc u al, and in e ac ional issues o imp o e he occupa ional sa e y
o mig an wo ke s, u ilizing he comp ehensi e analysis o mul iple ac o s (CAMF)
model o unde s and ac o s a ec ing he o ganiza ional clima e be ween mig an and local
wo ke s, iden i ying a eas o imp o emen om CAMF esul s, de eloping an ac ion plan
o add ess hese poin s, implemen ing planned ac ions o imp o e sa e y and o ganiza ional
clima e, and inally e alua ing he impac o in e en ions on wo ke s o con inuously
adjus and imp o e p ac ices.
Ano he challenge is he lack o a en ion and esea ch in o ac o s con ibu ing o he
sa e y clima e and hei in luence on sa e beha io in he cons uc ion indus y. To help
sol e his, s eps such as ocusing on esea ch o enhance occupa ional sa e y and heal h
ou comes, inco po a ing en i onmen al and beha io al in e en ions a he indi idual
le el, ensu ing s akeholde pa icipa ion, a oiding con amina ion in clus e andomiza ion,
op imizing in e en ion dosing, and imp o ing ou come measu emen should be applied.
Subsequen ly, consul ing wi h expe s o gain addi ional pe spec i es on ac o s in luencing
sa e y clima e and how o imp o e hem, designing speci ic in e en ions o add ess iden-
i ied gaps in li e a u e and collec ed da a, and inally conduc ing con inuous e alua ion
o implemen ed in e en ions o moni o hei impac o e ime and make adjus men s
as necessa y.
Ano he iden i ied ba ie is e ec i ely implemen ing he occupa ional heal h and
sa e y managemen sys em (OHSMS), acing obs acles such as lack o communica ion,
imp ope equipmen use, and cul u al ba ie s. To add ess his challenge, i is necessa y
o clea ly es ablish c ucial aspec s o occupa ional sa e y and heal h (OSH) o manage s
and wo ke s, acili a e wo ke s’ a endance on he CIDB’s G een Ca d cou se, designed o
aise awa eness abou sa e y, legisla ion, and egula ions, ensu e he ac i e pa icipa ion
o all s akeholde s in he con inuous imp o emen o occupa ional sa e y and heal h, and
conduc pe iodic e alua ions o he occupa ional sa e y and heal h p og am o iden i y
Adm. Sci. 2024,14, 51 24 o 26
a eas o success and imp o emen oppo uni ies, hus ensu ing a con inuous imp o e-
men app oach.
The las challenge iden i ied is implemen ing men al heal h moni o ing p og ams,
which can pose e hical challenges, especially in ensu ing wo ke s’ con iden iali y and
p i acy. The s eps o ollow include applying he psychological sa e y clima e model o
he PSC-12, ocusing on psychological ac o s in luencing hei willingness o pa icipa e
in sa e y ini ia i es, conduc ing pe iodic aining mee ings o s eng hen ela ionships,
encou age sa e y communica ion, and inc ease awa eness in he eam, es ablishing pa ne -
ships wi h men al heal h p o essionals o p o ide counseling and suppo o employees as
needed, implemen ing con iden iali y policies o p o ec employees’ p i acy du ing men al
heal h moni o ing, designa ing a con iden ial poin o con ac o exp ess conce ns wi hou
ea o e alia ion, and inally es ablishing a con inuous moni o ing sys em o e alua e he
e ec i eness o wo kplace men al heal h p og ams and collec eedback om employees.
Supplemen a y Ma e ials: The ollowing suppo ing in o ma ion can be downloaded a : h ps:
//doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.10788967, O ganiza ional Clima e SLR.xlsx.
Au ho Con ibu ions: All au ho s con ibu ed o s udy design, da a collec ion, e iew, pee e iew,
and a bi a ion o he s udies and ob ained esul s. The w i ing and e iew o he a icle we e
collabo a i e e o s in ol ing all au ho s. All au ho s ha e ead and ag eed o he published e sion
o he manusc ip .
Funding: This esea ch ecei ed no ex e nal unding.
Ins i u ional Re iew Boa d S a emen : No applicable.
In o med Consen S a emen : No applicable.
Da a A ailabili y S a emen : h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.10788967.
Con lic s o In e es : The au ho s decla e no con lic s o in e es .
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