No ena-Cha ez, Diego; To es, Rocio Romani
A icle
Enhancing i p ojec success h ough en ep eneu ial leade ship: he
media ing oles o eam e lexi i y, eam inno a ion cul u e, and eam
en ep eneu ial passion
Cogen Business & Managemen
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Taylo & F ancis G oup
Sugges ed Ci a ion: No ena-Cha ez, Diego; To es, Rocio Romani (2024) : Enhancing i p ojec success
h ough en ep eneu ial leade ship: he media ing oles o eam e lexi i y, eam inno a ion
cul u e, and eam en ep eneu ial passion, Cogen Business & Managemen , ISSN 2331-1975,
Taylo & F ancis, Abingdon, Vol. 11, Iss. 1, pp. 1-19,
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2287774
This Ve sion is a ailable a :
h ps://hdl.handle.ne /10419/325896
S anda d-Nu zungsbedingungen:
Die Dokumen e au EconS o dü en zu eigenen wissenscha lichen
Zwecken und zum P i a geb auch gespeiche und kopie we den.
Sie dü en die Dokumen e nich ü ö en liche ode komme zielle
Zwecke e iel äl igen, ö en lich auss ellen, ö en lich zugänglich
machen, e eiben ode ande wei ig nu zen.
So e n die Ve asse die Dokumen e un e Open-Con en -Lizenzen
(insbesonde e CC-Lizenzen) zu Ve ügung ges ell haben soll en,
gel en abweichend on diesen Nu zungsbedingungen die in de do
genann en Lizenz gewäh en Nu zungs ech e.
Te ms o use:
Documen s in EconS o may be sa ed and copied o you pe sonal
and schola ly pu poses.
You a e no o copy documen s o public o comme cial pu poses, o
exhibi he documen s publicly, o make hem publicly a ailable on he
in e ne , o o dis ibu e o o he wise use he documen s in public.
I he documen s ha e been made a ailable unde an Open Con en
Licence (especially C ea i e Commons Licences), you may exe cise
u he usage igh s as speci ied in he indica ed licence.
h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/
Cogen Business & Managemen
ISSN: 2331-1975 (Online) Jou nal homepage: www. and online.com/jou nals/oabm20
Enhancing i p ojec success h ough
en ep eneu ial leade ship: he media ing oles
o eam eflexi i y, eam inno a ion cul u e, and
eam en ep eneu ial passion
Diego No ena-Cha ez & Rocio Romani To es
To ci e his a icle: Diego No ena-Cha ez & Rocio Romani To es (2024) Enhancing i p ojec
success h ough en ep eneu ial leade ship: he media ing oles o eam eflexi i y, eam
inno a ion cul u e, and eam en ep eneu ial passion, Cogen Business & Managemen , 11:1,
2287774, DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2023.2287774
To link o his a icle: h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2287774
© 2024 The Au ho (s). Published by In o ma
UK Limi ed, ading as Taylo & F ancis
G oup.
Published online: 22 Jan 2024.
Submi you a icle o his jou nal
A icle iews: 2743
View ela ed a icles
View C ossma k da a
Ci ing a icles: 6 View ci ing a icles
Full Te ms & Condi ions o access and use can be ound a
h ps://www. and online.com/ac ion/jou nalIn o ma ion?jou nalCode=oabm20
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION | RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cogen Business & ManageMen
2024, VoL. 11, no. 1, 2287774
Enhancing i p ojec success h ough en ep eneu ial leade ship: he
media ing oles o eam e lexi i y, eam inno a ion cul u e, and
eam en ep eneu ial passion
Diego No ena-Cha eza and Rocio Romani To esb
aescuela de Posg ado, uni e sidad de Lima, Lima, Pe u; bCen RuM Ca olica g adua e Business school, Pon i icia uni e sidad
Ca olica del Pe u, Lima, Pe u
ABSTRACT
D awing on he Resou ce Based View and Social Lea ning Theo y, his s udy aims o
explo e he in luence o En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL) on P ojec Success (PS) ia he
media ing pa hways o Team Re lexi i y (TR), Team Inno a ion Cul u e (TIC), and Team
En ep eneu ial Passion (TEP). Da a we e ga he ed om 422 senio -le el employees in
IT i ms. The analysis employed SMART-PLS 4 s uc u al equa ion modeling o assess he
p oposed ela ionships. The indings unde sco e he signi ican impac o EL on PS. EL
was obse ed o exe a no ewo hy in luence on TR, TIC, and TEP. Mo eo e , he
p oposed media o s, TR and TIC, exhibi ed subs an ial e ec s on PS, while TEP
demons a ed a pa ially signi ican impac . Th ough he media ing oles o TR, TEP, and
TIC, EL indi ec ly in luenced PS.
IMPACT STATEMENT
This esea ch can help o unde s and how En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL) a ec s
P ojec Success (PS) h ough Team Re lexi i y (TR), Team Inno a ion Cul u e (TIC), and
Team En ep eneu ial Passion (TEP). Resul s highligh EL’s subs an ial impac on PS, TR,
TIC, and TEP. The s udy ills a esea ch gap, p o iding c ucial insigh s o leade ship and
p ojec success. I o e s aluable implica ions o heo y and p ac ice in hese domains
1. In oduc ion
Global business p ac ices ha e in oduced a mul i ude o leade ship challenges o manage s.
En ep eneu ial leade ship (EL) se es as a ca alys o business g ow h and p ospe i y (Goosen & S e ens,
2013). I os e s an en i onmen o inno a ion, isk- aking, swi decision-making, and seizing new oppo -
uni ies while main aining a clea ision (Tho nbe y, 2006).
The in es iga ion in o en ep eneu ial leade ship (EL) and i s in luence on p ojec success is c ucial o
comp ehending how EL con ibu es o sus ained compe i i e ad an age and d i es inno a ion in dynamic
business con ex s. EL, which me ges elemen s o en ep eneu ship and adi ional leade ship, is becom-
ing inc easingly acknowledged as essen ial o ackling he challenges aced by mode n o ganiza ions
(Mamun e al., 2018; S obl e al., 2020). Howe e , he e is a no able de iciency in de ailed knowledge
abou how he speci ic beha io s associa ed wi h EL e ec i ely s ee complex p ojec ini ia i es and
enhance employee engagemen . This ep esen s a signi ican esea ch gap in he ield o en ep eneu ial
leade ship (La i e al., 2020). In addi ion, he li e a u e on en ep eneu ial leade ship highligh s he sig-
ni icance o ela ional leade ship beha io o nascen en ep eneu s, e en du ing he ini ial phases o
en u ing, as i has he po en ial o inspi e pe sis ence and consequen ly enhance he likelihood o suc-
cess ully launching a s a up (Walsh & Ma in, 2023).
EL in eg a es elemen s o comme cial en ep eneu ship and leade ship, acili a ing p ojec comple ion
wi hin o ganiza ions (La i e al., 2020). Va ious leade ship s yles ha e been linked o he success ul exe-
cu ion o p ojec s (Aga e al., 2016; Malik e al., 2022; Abbas & Ali, 2021; Canna elli e al., 2017). Recen
© 2024 he au ho (s). Published by in o ma uK Limi ed, ading as aylo & F ancis g oup.
CONTACT Diego no ena-Cha ez dno [email protected] escuela de Posg ado, uni e sidad de Lima, Lima, Pe u
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2287774
his is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons a ibu ion License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/), which
pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. he e ms on which his a icle has been
published allow he pos ing o he accep ed Manusc ip in a eposi o y by he au ho (s) o wi h hei consen .
ARTICLE HISTORY
Recei ed 10 Oc obe
2023
Re ised 20 No embe
2023
Accep ed 20 No embe
2023
KEYWORDS
En ep eneu ial
leade ship; eam
e lexi i y; p ojec
success; eam inno a ion
cul u e; eam
en ep eneu ial passion
REVIEWING EDITOR
E ic Liguo i, Jim Mo an
College o
En ep eneu ship, Flo ida
S a e Uni e si y,
Tallahassee, Uni ed S a es
JEL CLASSIFICATIONS
M12; M14
2 D. NORENA-CHAVEZ AND R. ROMANI TORRES
indings ha e highligh ed he impac o EL on p ojec success (PS). La i e al. (2020) conduc ed he lone
s udy es ablishing a co ela ion be ween en ep eneu ial leade ship and PS. Thus, u he explo a ion o
EL and PS is wa an ed. La i e al. (2020) assessed he media ing in luence o knowledge managemen
p ocesses and ad oca ed o addi ional esea ch on po en ial media ing a iables. This will aid in disce n-
ing he mechanism h ough which EL a ec s PS. In his s udy, Team Re lexi i y (TR), Team En ep eneu ial
Passion (TEP), and Team Inno a ion Cul u e (TIC) a e conside ed as media o s. Cu en esea ch has
e ealed gaps in unde s anding he in e play be ween EL, TR, TEP, TIC, and PS.
Fi s ly, despi e inc easing in e es in EL, i emains ela i ely less explo ed (Lei ch & Ha ison e al.,
2018; La i e al., 2020; S obl e al., 2020). Lei ch and Vole y (2017) con end ha he li e a u e on lead-
e ship in business is s ill ela i ely limi ed. Secondly, he e is a g owing emphasis on examining media -
ing ac o s o unde s and how leade ship impac s o ganiza ional pe o mance (Cha e jee e al., 2023).
While he s udy by La i e al. (2020) sheds ligh on how EL a ec s PS h ough in e ening a iables, i
is impe a i e o explo e how o he ac o s may also in luence his ela ionship.
Thi dly, he e exis s a obus associa ion be ween leade ship app oaches and he ou comes o eams
(Team Building: Aga e al., 2016; Team Leade ship: Miles & Wa kins, 2007; Team Commi men : Pea ce &
He bik, 2004; Team Leade Beha io s: Amme e & Duke ich, 2002). While no p io in es iga ions ha e
di ec ly add essed i , en ep eneu ial leade ship has he po en ial o exe a signi ican in luence on eam
e lexi i y, en ep eneu ial zeal, and he cul u e o inno a ion.
Finally, al hough a numbe o eam ou comes ha e been linked wi h p ojec success ( eam building: Aga
e al., 2016; eam managemen : Sco -young & Samson, 2008; eam pe spec i e: Xu e al., 2010). TR, en ep e-
neu ial passion, and inno a ion cul u e ha e li le o no in luence on p ojec success. Team e lexi i y is impo -
an o de elop he eam pe o mance and o ha e be e p o i s han he compe ence (Lee, 2008). Team
en ep eneu ial passion helps o ganiza ions ge a be e posi ion han compe ence (Mwawasi, 2022). Team
inno a ion cul u e imp o es he s a egic posi ion o a company (Khanagha e al., 2022). Leade s aise knowl-
edge o he p ojec obs acles and se e al unce ain ies ha demand change ini ia i es (Zaman e al., 2019; Yan
e al., 2011). The e o e, leade s es ablish en icing a ge s o eams o achie e di icul p ojec objec i es
(Munyeki & We e, 2017). Leade s mus s ongly in eg a e hei ision wi h hei eams so ha hei eam mem-
be s a e inspi ed by mo al and e hical ideals (Zaman e al., 2019).
RBV and SLT a e used o explain he associa ion be ween EL, TR, TIC, TEP, and PS in his s udy. Acco ding o
he RBV, in o de o achie e a sus ainable compe i i e ad an age, a company mus ob ain and manage alu-
able, dis inc i e, di icul - o-copy, and i eplaceable esou ces and capabili ies, and possess he o ganiza ional
capaci y o assimila e and le e age hem (Ba ney e al., 2001; Ba ney & Cla k, 2007). Acco ding o Bandu a’s
(1969) Social-Lea ning Theo y, an iden i ica o y e en akes place when a model’s ac ions align wi h hose o
ano he indi idual in si ua ions whe e he model’s beha io se es as he s imulus o he ma ching esponse.
This s udy add esses ecognized knowledge gaps and o e s se e al no ewo hy con ibu ions. I
builds upon p io esea ch on En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL) and i s in luence on p ojec achie emen ,
as indica ed by La i e al. (2020). No ably, i s ands as one o he pionee ing s udies examining EL’s ole
as a signi ican p edic o o P ojec Success (PS) wi hin he IT indus y. Addi ionally, i del es in o an
a ea wi h limi ed exis ing esea ch, explo ing whe he EL se es as a subs an ial p edic o o eam ou -
comes, encompassing eam e lexi i y, eam en ep eneu ial passion, and eam inno a ion cul u e.
Fu he mo e, his esea ch in es iga es whe he Team Re lexi i y (TR), Team Inno a ion Cul u e
(TIC), and Team En ep eneu ial Passion (TEP) ac as media o s be ween en ep eneu ial leade ship
and p ojec success. This inqui y seeks o es ablish he mechanisms h ough which EL in luences
p ojec iabili y, en iching ou comp ehension o his ela ionship. Addi ionally, i con ibu es o he
body o knowledge on eam ou comes, shedding ligh on he ole o EL in os e ing heigh ened
p ojec success.
This s udy no only augmen s he li e a u e on leade ship by examining a no el leade ship s yle and
i s implica ions o p ojec success, bu also p o ides aluable insigh s o Resou ce-Based View (RBV) and
Social Lea ning Theo y (SLT) by illus a ing how EL con ibu es o p ojec success h ough en ep eneu ial
passion, inno a ion cul u e, and eam e lexi i y.
This s udy aims o in es iga e how En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL) in luences P ojec Success (PS)
h ough he media ing ac o s o Team Re lexi i y (TR), Team Inno a ion Cul u e (TIC), and Team
En ep eneu ial Passion (TEP). To add ess hese inqui ies, he s udy poses he ollowing esea ch ques ions:
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 3
Does EL posi i ely and signi ican ly impac PS?
Does EL posi i ely and signi ican ly impac TR?
Does TR posi i ely and signi ican ly impac PS?
Does TR media e he ela ionship be ween EL and PS?
Does EL posi i ely and signi ican ly impac TIC?
Does TIC posi i ely and signi ican ly impac PS?
Does TIC media e he ela ionship be ween EL and PS?
Does EL posi i ely and signi ican ly impac TEP?
Does TEP posi i ely and signi ican ly impac PS?
Does TEP media e he ela ionship be ween EL and PS?
This a icle con ibu es o he li e a u e in he ollowing ways: I ad ances he unde s anding o how
in e nal d i e s, d awing om he esou ce-based iew heo y and social lea ning heo y, can enhance
en ep eneu ial managemen pe o mance in SMEs (Ba on & Ensley, 2006; Bandu a e al., 2001); i expands
empi ical knowledge on he impac o En ep eneu ial Leade ship on P ojec Success (Aga e al., 2016);
i o e s a comp ehensi e amewo k o go e nmen s and policies o g asp he di ec in luence o EL on
PS, bo h di ec ly and h ough he media ing ac o s o TR, TIC, and TEP, in he cu en global pos -pandemic
con ex (Mehmood e al., 2021; Su e al., 2022; Zhang e al., 2022); i con ibu es o he de elopmen o
a model encompassing he s udied a iables, which holds p ac ical u ili y o academia and he en e-
p eneu ial ecosys em (Abdelwahed e al., 2022).
The s udy is o ganized as ollows: an in oduc ion, a li e a u e e iew ha se s he s age o he p o-
posed hypo heses, a sec ion de ailing he esea ch me hodology, including esea ch design, measu es,
pa icipan cha ac e is ics, and da a analysis esul s. The concluding sec ion discusses he heo e ical
implica ions, manage ial conside a ions, p o ides conclusions, ou lines limi a ions, and sugges s a enues
o u u e esea ch.
2. Li e a u e e iew and hypo hesis de elopmen
2.1. En ep eneu ial leade ship
En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL), as desc ibed by Cunningham and Lische on (1991), encompasses
objec i es, oppo uni ies, empowe men , ins i u ional knowledge, and human esou ce amewo ks.
I aligns wi h con empo a y esea ch on leade ship and en ep eneu ship, ocusing on beha io s and
ac ions a he han inhe en ai s o pe sonali ies (Coglise & B igham, 2004). Renko e al. (2015)
unde sco e ha EL inspi es and guides eam membe s owa ds achie ing o ganiza ional goals by
ecognizing and seizing en ep eneu ial oppo uni ies. Acco ding o Sa abi e al. (2020) and Baghe i
and Lope Pihie (2018), en ep eneu ial leade s possess quali ies such as c ea i i y, inno a ion, and a
willingness o ake isks, which in u n, inspi e hei eam membe s o p oduce inno a i e ou pu s.
Kodama (2005) and Hi s e al. (2004) O ganiza ions hea ily in es ed in scien i ic, echnological, and
R&D endea o s, which go e n he inno a ion p ocess, necessi a e en ep eneu ial leade ship.
Fu he mo e, al hough ea lie s udies ha e highligh ed en ep eneu ial leade ship as an e icien
leade ship s yle ha encou ages inno a i e conduc , he e is limi ed unde s anding ega ding he
ways in which CEOs’ en ep eneu ial leade ship p ac ices impac employees’ inno a i e beha io
(Baghe i e al., 2022; Chiu e al., 2016).
2.2. En ep eneu ial leade ship and p ojec success
The p ojec is guided by a budge , schedule, and scope. Jugde e al. (2013) dis inguish p ojec success
in o wo componen s: essen ial ac o s, also known as independen a iables, and c i e ia. These mea-
su es a e u ilized o assess whe he a p ojec has achie ed success o expe ienced ailu e. Leade ship
wi hin p ojec -based o ganiza ions os e s a sense o loyal y by p omo ing a posi i e ou look and cul i-
a ing a collabo a i e a mosphe e ha ul ima ely con ibu es o p ojec comple ion (Aga e al., 2016).
The li e a u e on p ojec managemen emphasizes he i al ole o leade ship in a aining p ojec excel-
lence (Ke zne , 1987) and d i ing change (Pa e son, 2010). Se e al s udies ha e demons a ed ha bo h
4 D. NORENA-CHAVEZ AND R. ROMANI TORRES
leade ship s yle and indi idual ai s a e pi o al ac o s in de e mining p ojec success o ailu e
(Anan a mula, 2010; Geoghegan & Dulewicz, 2008; Mwesiumo e al., 2022).
RBV is commonly applied in managemen s udies o analyze how he esou ces a ailable o a i m can
os e and sus ain a compe i i e edge, ul ima ely enhancing he pe o mance o u ban educa ion, as dis-
cussed by Flamini e al. (2021), Welsh and Swain (2020) and Mulle and Tu ne (2010). The Resou ce-Based
View (RBV) elucida es he connec ion be ween en ep eneu ial leade ship and p ojec success. The cen al
concep e ol es a ound gaining a compe i i e edge h ough esou ces and capabili ies possessing alue,
a i y, dis inc i eness, and i eplaceabili y, while also es ablishing he necessa y o ganiza ional amewo k
o e ec i ely in eg a e and u ilize hem (Ba ney e al., 2001). Leade ship has been iden i ied as a aluable
esou ce o o ganiza ions seeking compe i i e ad an age (Kellihe & Reinl, 2009; McKe i e al., 2022).
Gi en ha en ep eneu ial leade ship embodies quali ies such as passion, ision, willingness o ake on
challenges, p oac i e p oblem-sol ing, adical inno a ion, and a p opensi y o isk- aking (Renko e al.,
2015), c ea i i y, a undamen al ai o EL, is ecognized as a c i ical o ganiza ional esou ce. The e o e,
om a esou ce-based pe spec i e, i can be a gued ha leade ship, as a esou ce, con ibu es o he
enhanced success o o ganiza ions (Rego e al., 2012). Hence, i can be p oposed ha :
H1. The e is a signi ican and posi i e impac o en ep eneu ial leade ship on p ojec success.
2.3. Media ing ole o eam e lexi i y
Team Re lexi i y (TR) is ounded on he belie ha a eam’s su oundings a e in a cons an s a e o lux,
demanding ongoing e lec ion and discussion o assess ecen de elopmen s and de e mine he op imal
cou se o ac ion (Hoegl & Pa bo eeah, 2006). Va ious leade ship s yles, including lea ning leade ship, humble
leade ship, spi i ual leade ship, and se an leade ship, ha e been shown in exis ing leade ship li e a u e o
posi i ely in luence eam e lexi i y (Lei e al., 2022; Liu e al., 2022; Wang e al., 2021; Shouka e al., 2022).
While he ela ionship be ween En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL) and TR emains unclea and hasn’ been quan-
i ied hus a , esea ch sugges s ha o ganiza ions cha ac e ized by obus eam e lexi i y and e ec i e lead-
e ship a e mo e likely o achie e success (Leblanc e al., 2022; Bae heim e al., 2022).
The in luence o EL on TR can be elucida ed h ough he lens o social lea ning heo y. Acco ding o
his heo y, an iden i ying e en occu s when a model’s beha io aligns wi h ha o ano he indi idual
in a si ua ion whe e he model’s beha io se es as he cue o he ma ching esponse (Bandu a, 1969).
Acco ding o Social Lea ning Theo y, indi iduals lea n by obse ing he beha io s and esul s o o he s.
In his con ex , en ep eneu ial leade ship ha exhibi s inno a ion, isk- aking and esilience can inspi e
simila beha io s in hei ollowe s. EL he e o e in ol es cons an eam lea ning and TR. The e o e, social
lea ning heo y s esses he impo ance o manage s’ adap abili y o wo k ac oss a ange o asks and
employ a a ie y o skills in di e se ci cums ances (Liu & Lin, 2019; Dayan & Basa i , 2010). The e o e,
social lea ning heo y posi s ha emula ion and ica ious lea ning p ocesses a e mechanisms h ough
which leade s can enhance e lexi i y in hei eams. Building on his heo y, Zhang e al. (2022) p opose
ha he empo al leade ship o op-le el manage s should impac he e lexi i y o middle-le el eam
manage s. I can be challenging o manage s a lowe anks o acqui e all he skills and expe ience
equi ed o lead and comple e eam p ojec s (Cas ellano e al., 2021).
Fu he mo e, Hoegl and Pa bo eeah (2006) concluded ha TR was a c ucial de e minan o P ojec
Success (PS) and ha TR and PS exhibi a signi ican posi i e co ela ion. TR plays a s a egic ole in
e alua ing he wo k en i onmen , pa icula ly in unce ain ci cums ances, and in making in o med deci-
sions a e he eam engages in meaning ul discussions abou he ma e (Gup a e al., 2022). Based on
he a gumen s, i is p oposed ha :
H2: EL has a signi ican and posi i e e ec on TR.
H3: The e is a signi ican and posi i e impac o TR and PS.
The a o emen ioned li e a u e sugges s ha leade ship can ha e an impac on eam e lexi i y (Ha ey
& G een, 2022) which can in u n in luence p ojec success (Conno e al., 2022). Based on he a gu-
men s, i is p oposed ha :
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 5
H4: TR media es he ela ionship be ween EL and PS.
2.4. Media ing ole o eam inno a ion cul u e
Team inno a ion cul u e e e s o he p ocess o gene a ing, adop ing, implemen ing, and in eg a -
ing new ideas wi hin a eam’s dynamic (Hsu e al., 2022). Amabile (1988) con ends ha his cul u e
is shaped by he combined con ibu ions o domain-speci ic skills, c ea i i y- ela ed abili ies, and
ask-d i en mo i a ion. While esea ch on he ela ionship be ween En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL)
and o ganiza ional inno a ion cul u e is limi ed, some s udies do acknowledge he link be ween
leade ship s yles like humili y leade ship, empo al leade ship, g a i ude leade ship, and eam inno-
a ion cul u e (Leblanc e al., 2022; Lyu e al., 2022; Li e al., 2022). Fu he mo e, EL can e icien ly
guide inno a ion e o s by encou aging hei employees o c ea e and pu in o p ac ice new and
inno a i e ideas (Maliba i & Bajaba, 2022).
The in luence o EL on Team Inno a ion Cul u e (TIC) can be explained h ough he lens o social
lea ning heo y. En ep eneu ial leade s wi h s a egic acumen can con ey hei ision o hei ollowe s
and guiding hem h ough challenging asks (Baghe i & Ha ison, 2020). Consequen ly, leade s, h ough
hei dis inc i e ai s, can aid in cogni i e es uc u ing o indi iduals, allowing ollowe s o acqui e
inno a ion skills om hei leade s (Radaelli e al., 2014). Mehmood e al. (2021) p opose ha en ep e-
neu ial leade s, known o hei in en i e and inno a i e a ibu es, play a pi o al ole in d i ing he
inno a ion p ocess. As en ep eneu ial leade s a e consis en ly seeking new oppo uni ies, hey os e an
en i onmen whe e indi iduals can bo h sha e and lea n om one ano he .
In di e se p ojec -based o ganiza ions, eam inno a ion is c ucial o adap ing swi ly o ex e nal
changes and achie ing co po a e objec i es in compe i i e se ings (Emiliano de Souza e al., 2022).
Exis ing li e a u e on inno a ion ecognizes i s posi i e impac on P ojec Success (PS) and o e all
o ganiza ional managemen (Ahmad e al., 2022; Sæbø & Mid sunds ad, 2022; Li e al., 2022). The
Resou ce-Based View (RBV) can be employed o elucida e he connec ion be ween a eam’s inno a-
ion cul u e and p ojec success. RBV explains he ela ionship be ween a eam’s inno a ion cul u e
and he success o i s p ojec s. Acco ding o Caldei a and Wa d (2003), a ia ion in he success a e
o p ojec s can o en be a ibu ed o how eams use hei unique esou ces and in e nal capabili-
ies. RBV sugges s ha companies wi h unique, aluable and ha d- o-imi a e esou ces a e mo e
likely o achie e supe io pe o mance.
In he con ex o p ojec managemen , his means ha eams ha e ec i ely u ilize hei unique
esou ces, bo h angible and in angible a e mo e likely o succeed (Ahmed e al., 2022). The e o e, RBV
ecognizes he impo ance o bo h angible asse s such as p ojec managemen me hodologies and
p ac ices and in angible asse s such as p ojec acili a ion skills. When e ec i ely le e aged, hese asse s
can con ibu e signi ican ly o he success o a p ojec . In an en i onmen o escala ing compe i ion and
heigh ened eliance on ex e nal pa ne ships, ac o s like open inno a ion and eam inno a ion ha e
become i al and widesp ead s a egies o a aining a sus ainable compe i i e ad an age (Zhang e al.,
2023). Based on he a gumen s i is p oposed ha :
H5: EL has a signi ican and posi i e e ec on TIC.
H6: TIC has a posi i e and signi ican impac on PS.
As pe social lea ning heo y, collabo a ing wi h leade s who engage in c ea i e endea o s ela ed o
iden i ying and capi alizing on oppo uni ies enhances he capabili ies o eam membe s (Bandu a, 1969).
Mehmood e al. (2021) con end ha en ep eneu ial leade s a e enowned o hei imagina i e and
in en i e a ibu es, making hem he d i ing o ce behind he inno a ion p ocess. Mul iple s udies (Lyu
e al., 2022; Li e al., 2022) sugges ha leade ship plays a ole in shaping a eam’s cul u e o inno a ion,
which in u n has implica ions o p ojec success (Sæbø & Mid sunds ad, 2022). The in oduc ion o
inno a ion is ega ded as he mos po en s a egy o enhancing p ojec success (Shauka e al., 2022).
Consequen ly, he ollowing hypo hesis is pu o h:
H7: TIC media es he ela ionship be ween EL and PS.
6 D. NORENA-CHAVEZ AND R. ROMANI TORRES
2.5. Media ing ole o eam en ep eneu ial passion
En ep eneu ial passion e e s o a consciously accessible, in ensely posi i e emo ion a ising om an
en ep eneu ’s in ol emen in ac i i ies ha hold pe sonal signi icance and ele ance (Ca don e al.,
2009). The passion exhibi ed by en ep eneu ial leade s s ongly in luences how ollowe s pe cei e p oj-
ec success (Sa i & Ahmad, 2022). P e ious s udies ha e indica ed ha he e is a posi i e and signi ican
ela ionship be ween ans o ma ional leade ship and passion (No ena-Cha ez & Thalassinos, 2022). The
impac o En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL) and Team En ep eneu ial Passion (TEP) can be unde s ood
h ough he lens o Social Lea ning Theo y (SLT). Acco ding o he social lea ning iewpoin , he knowl-
edge is de eloped h ough ac i e engagemen in asks, eedback ecep ion, and a ious o ms o in e -
pe sonal in e ac ions in communal and social se ings. Lea ning and cogni ion a e no iewed as soli a y
p ocesses; ins ead, hey a e in luenced by he na u e o in e ac ions eam ha e wi h o he s and he
speci ic con ex s in which hese in e ac ions ake place (Hill e al., 2009). To achie e be e business ou -
comes, leade s need o sha e hei passion wi h hei ollowe s (Renko e al., 2015). Leade s ins ill in hei
ollowe s he belie ha possessing passion is a i al componen o success ully accomplishing o gani-
za ional objec i es (Raby e al., 2023; Sa i & Ahmad, 2022). This unde sco es he pi o al ole o en ep e-
neu ial leade ship in os e ing en ep eneu ial en husiasm wi hin he eam.
Teams ha ope a e wi h en ep eneu ial passion a e mo e likely o achie e supe io pe o mance and
ensu e p ojec success, acco ding o Finch e al. (2022). P ojec manage s can le e age eam en ep e-
neu ial passion o ins ill a high le el o in eg i y and expe ise in he execu ion o a ious p ojec s,
he eby enhancing hei success (Deng e al., 2022; Kha ak e al., 2022).
The ela ionship be ween eam en ep eneu ial passion and p ojec success can be elucida ed h ough
he Resou ce-Based View (RBV). This heo y sugges s ha he posi i e emo ions and sense o iden i y ha
s em om en ep eneu ial passion a e key indica o s o a eam’s pe o mance and po en ial oppo uni ies.
RBV pa icula ly emphasizes examining o ganiza ions om an in e nal pe spec i e o unde s and he ac o s
ha con ibu e o hei p ojec success (Ahsan e al., 2022). Team en ep eneu ial passion is a esou ce ha
enables o ganiza ions o gain a supe io compe i i e posi ion (Mwawasi, 2022). Gi en he dynamic na u e o
he ma ke and he inno a i e capabili ies o compe i o s, i ms ace challenges in mee ing hei goals and
sus aining compe i i e pe o mance. In such scena ios, he eam’s en ep eneu ial spi i can con e a com-
pe i i e edge (No ena-Cha ez & Gue a a, 2020). TEP p o ides supe io economic alue compa ed o compe -
i o s o dis inguishes i sel om i s i als (Fab izio e al., 2022). Based on he a gumen s i is p oposed ha :
H8: The impac o EL and TEP is signi ican and posi i e.
H9: TEP has a posi i e and signi ican impac on PS.
En ep eneu ial Leade ship (EL) os e s employee in ol emen in iden i ying oppo uni ies and de el-
oping new p oduc s, se ices, and business app oaches (Baghe i, 2017; Renko e al., 2015). Social Lea ning
Theo y (SLT) posi s ha eams can gain aluable insigh s om hei leade s; he ac ions and beha io s
o en ep eneu ial leade s also inspi e s a o pa ake in c ea i e endea o s (Mehmood e al., 2021).
Exis ing li e a u e indica es ha leade ship has he po en ial o in luence Team En ep eneu ial Passion
(TEP) (Abdelwahed e al., 2022), which, in u n, a ec s p ojec success (Su e al., 2022). Hence, he ol-
lowing hypo hesis is p oposed:
H10: TEP media es he ela ionship be ween EL and PS.
The p oposed model is as ollows (Figu e 1).
3. Resea ch me hodology
3.1. S udy a eas and esea ch design
The esea ch eam conduc ed da a collec ion sessions in Pe u in ol ing expe ienced IT p o essionals a
he senio le el. The s udy exclusi ely ocused on he echnology and se ices sec o in Pe u. P io o
hei pa icipa ion, all indi iduals ecei ed comp ehensi e in o ma ion ega ding he esea ch’s objec i es
and scope. Thei olun a y pa icipa ion was con i med h ough signed consen o ms, ensu ing hei
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 7
in o med consen . Pa icipan s we e assu ed ha he da a collec ed would no be used o comme cial
pu poses, and s ic p o ocols we e ollowed h oughou he da a collec ion p ocess.
A he beginning o he ques ionnai e, pa icipan s we e in o med abou da a anonymi y and con i-
den iali y as an addi ional measu e o sa egua d hei igh s and p i acy. They we e also p o ided wi h
a concise su ey in i a ion ha ou lined he s udy’s pu pose, po en ial isks, i any, and he su ey ques-
ions. Each subjec was ea ed as an independen uni o he pu poses o his s udy, which is e lec ed
in ou da a analysis app oach. This s udy adhe ed o e hical guidelines and unde wen a igo ous e iew
p ocess conduc ed by an independen e hics e iew boa d o ensu e he e hical ea men o human
pa icipan s. Da a collec ion ook place be ween No embe and Decembe 2022. Ou o he 500 dis ib-
u ed ques ionnai es, 450 we e e u ned, esul ing in a esponse a e o 90%. Among hese, 422 esponses
we e deemed alid. This esea ch employed a non-p obabili y con enience sampling me hod, a ge ing
422 senio -le el IT p o essionals in a ious egions o Pe u, including A equipa, T ujillo, Piu a, Callao, and
Lima. This esea ch u ilized a me hod o non-p obabili y con enience sampling. The da a we e collec ed
a he indi idual le el wi hin eams, no a he eam le el i sel . The e o e, he measu emen s e lec
indi idual a he han g oup a ia ions, ende ing he in a-class co ela ion (ICC) analysis inapplicable in
his con ex . Table 1 p o ides an o e iew o he esponden s’ demog aphic de ails.
3.2. Pa icipan s cha ac e is ics
The popula ion o his s udy was senio -le el IT p o essionals in Pe u, In e ms o gende , he majo i y o
esponden s we e male, cons i u ing 91.23% o he sample, while emales made up he emaining 8.77%.
Rega ding age dis ibu ion, indi iduals unde 25 ep esen ed 24.88%, ollowed closely by hose aged
25–29 a 23.22%. The 30–34 age g oup accoun ed o 11.37%, 35–39 comp ised 13.74%, and indi iduals
o e 40 cons i u ed 26.78% o he sample. Respec o educa ion le els a ied among esponden s, wi h
he highes p opo ion holding a Bachelo ’s deg ee, comp ising 61.61%. Those wi h a high school edu-
ca ion ep esen ed 17.77%, while indi iduals wi h a Mas e ’s o MBA made up 18.72%. A smalle pe cen -
age held ad anced deg ees, wi h Ph.D. o DBA holde s comp ising 1.9% o he sample. In e ms o
geog aphical dis ibu ion, Lima had he highes ep esen a ion a 35.55%, ollowed by A equipa a
23.22%. Callao and T ujillo each accoun ed o app oxima ely 19% and 11.85%, espec i ely, while Piu a
cons i u ed 10.43% o he esponden s. O e all, he majo i y o esponden s we e male, wi h a signi ican
p opo ion holding Bachelo ’s deg ees. The sample also exhibi ed di e si y in age and p o ince o esi-
dence, p o iding a comp ehensi e demog aphic o e iew as seen in Table 1.
3.3. Measu es
The i ems in he su ey we e d awn om us wo hy and p e iously alida ed ools. Ini ially, he i ems
we e c ea ed in English wi h he help o wo p o esso s. A di ec and e e se ansla ion p ocess was
Figu e 1. Resea ch amewo k.
14 D. NORENA-CHAVEZ AND R. ROMANI TORRES
p ojec -based o ganiza ion led by isk- aking and en husias ic leade s is mo e likely o achie e success.
The s udy also ea i ms he pi o al ole o leade ship in shaping o ganiza ional ou comes, in line wi h
he Resou ce-Based View (RBV) heo y.
Fu he mo e, he esea ch demons a ed ha EL signi ican ly in luences TR, suppo ing exis ing s udies
ha highligh he subs an ial impac o EL on TR. This implies ha o ganiza ions wi h leade ship inclined
owa ds isk- aking and challenge-seeking a e poised o enhanced pe o mance. The s udy also con-
i med he signi ican e ec o TR on PS, unde lining i s c ucial ole in p ojec success. This alida es
p e ious esea ch indica ing he impo ance o eam e lexi i y in achie ing success ul p ojec ou comes.
Mo eo e , he s udy e ealed ha EL signi ican ly impac s TIC, indica ing i s i al ole in shaping he
inno a i e cul u e wi hin an o ganiza ion. This unde sco es he leade ’s in luence in ans o ming eam
cul u e. The indings also con i med he signi ican in luence o TIC on PS, emphasizing he impo ance
o an inno a i e cul u e in p ojec success. This suppo s he co e p oposi ion o he Resou ce-Based
View and aligns wi h ea lie s udies.
Las ly, he s udy iden i ied ha EL no ably in luences Team En ep eneu ial Passion, emphasizing he
ole o leade ship in os e ing passion among eam membe s. Howe e , TEP was ound o ha e a less
signi ican di ec impac on PS. O e all, he s udy highligh s he mul i ace ed in luence o EL on-p ojec
success h ough i s media ing ac o s, p o iding aluable insigh s o p ojec -based o ganiza ions.
8. Limi a ions and u u e di ec ions
Fu u e esea ch can o e come his s udy’s limi a ions. This s udy used a c oss-sec ional design o collec
da a ha could only e lec a single momen in ime. Longi udinal da a collec ing esea ch can e eal
causali y and dynamic e ec mechanism. Second, his s udy examined Pe u. Fu u e esea ch should
include he examina ion o di e se cul u es. Fu he mo e, he e is a need o explo e addi ional media ing
a iables, such as en ep eneu ial sel -e icacy, knowledge managemen p ocesses, and inno a i e eam
beha io . Addi ionally, u u e s udies could assess addi ional mode a ing a iables, like knowledge sha -
ing and en ep eneu ial in en .
Au ho s con ibu ions
Diego No ena-Cha ez (Co esponding au ho ), was p ima ily esponsible o he da a collec ion and analysis, aking
he lead in composing he ini ial d a .
Rocio Romani To es (au ho ) con ibu ed equally o he concep ion and design o he s udy. She p o ided e iew
o li e a u e, c i ical insigh s he in e p e a ion o he indings, con ibu ing o signi ican e isions.
Bo h au ho s collabo a ed closely in d a ing he manusc ip . The inal e sion o he pape was ho oughly
e iewed and app o ed by bo h au ho s. Bo h au ho s ag ee o be accoun able o all aspec s o he wo k, ensu ing
i s accu acy and in eg i y.
Disclosu e s a emen
No po en ial con lic o in e es was epo ed by he au ho (s).
Funding
No unding was ecei ing.
Abou he au ho s
Diego No ena-Cha ez, PhD a CENTRUM Ca olica G adua e Business School and PhD in Business
Adminis a ion in F ance. MBA om Esade Business School and Mas e in Business Adminis a ion
om Uni e sidad Adol o Ibáñez. Rese e O ice o he Pe u ian A my. Di ec o o he Doc o a e in
Adminis a ion a he Uni e si y o Lima, Pe u. Coach and Men o o sus ainable en ep eneu ship.
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 15
Rocio Romani is a lec u e a he Cen e o Inno a ion and En ep eneu ial De elopmen a he Pon i icia Uni e sidad
Ca olica del Pe u. PhD(c) Candida e a CENTRUM Ca olica G adua e Business School, Lima, Pe u – PUCP.
ORCID
Diego No ena-Cha ez h p://o cid.o g/0000-0001-5292-2152
Rocio Romani To es h p://o cid.o g/0000-0001-6562-2343
Da a a ailabili y s a emen
No o iginal da a we e gene a ed in he cou se o his s udy. All da a sou ces and e e ences o exis ing da ase s used
in his wo k a e ci ed in he Re e ences sec ion.
Re e ences
Abbas, M., & Ali, R. (2021). T ans o ma ional e sus ansac ional leade ship s yles and p ojec success: A me a-analy ic
e iew. Eu opean Managemen Jou nal, 41(1), 1–20. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.emj.2021.10.011
Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Soom o, B. A., & Shah, N. (2022). P edic ing employee pe o mance h ough ansac ional
leade ship and en ep eneu ’s passion among he employees o Pakis an. Asia Paci ic Managemen Re iew, 28(1),
60–68. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.apm .2022.03.001
Aga, D. A., Noo de ha en, N., & Vallejo, B. (2016). T ans o ma ional leade ship and p ojec success: The media ing ole
o eam-building. In e na ional Jou nal o P ojec Managemen , 34(5), 806–818. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijp o-
man.2016.02.012
Ahmad, M. K., Abdulhamid, A. B., Wahab, S. A., Pe aiz, A. N., & Im iaz, M. (2022). Di ec and indi ec in luence
o p ojec manage s’ con ingen ewa d leade ship and empowe ing leade ship on p ojec success.
In e na ional Jou nal o Enginee ing Business Managemen , 14, 184797902110734. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1177/18479790211073443
Ahmed, R., Shaheen, S., & Philbin, S. P. (2022). The ole o big da a analy ics and decision-making in achie ing p oj-
ec success. Jou nal o Enginee ing and Technology Managemen , 65, 101697. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jeng ec-
man.2022.101697
Ahsan, M., Adomako, S., Donbesuu , F., & Mole, K. F. (2022). En ep eneu ial passion and p oduc inno a ion in ensi-
y in new en u es: Media ing e ec s o explo a ion and exploi a ion ac i i ies. B i ish Jou nal o Managemen ,
34(2), 849–872. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/1467-8551.12627
Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model o c ea i i y and inno a ion in o ganiza ions. Resea ch in O ganiza ional Beha io , 10,
123–167.
Amme e , A. P., & Duke ich, J. M. (2002). Leade ship, eam building, and eam membe cha ac e is ics in high pe o -
mance p ojec eams. Enginee ing Managemen Jou nal, 14(4), 3–10. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/10429247.2002.114151
78
Anan a mula, V. (2010). P ojec manage leade ship ole in imp o ing p ojec pe o mance. Enginee ing Managemen
Jou nal, 22(1), 13–22. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/10429247.2010.11431849
Bae heim, A., Ødegaa d, E. E., & Ness, I. J. (2022). Team e lexi i y and he sha ed mind in in e p o essional lea ning.
Policy Fu u es in Educa ion, 21(2), 157–167. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/14782103221094353
Baghe i, A. (2017). The impac o en ep eneu ial leade ship on inno a ion wo k beha io and oppo uni y ecogni-
ion in high- echnology SMEs. The Jou nal o High Technology Managemen Resea ch, 28(2), 159–166. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1016/j.hi ech.2017.10.003
Baghe i, A., & Ha ison, C. (2020). En ep eneu ial leade ship measu emen : A mul i-dimensional cons uc . Jou nal o
Small Business and En e p ise De elopmen , 27(4), 659–679. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/JSBED-01-2019-0027
Baghe i, A., & Akba i, M. (2018). The impac o en ep eneu ial leade ship on nu ses’ inno a ion beha io . Jou nal o
Nu sing Schola ship, 50(1), 28–35. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/jnu.12354
Baghe i, A., & Lope Pihie, Z. A. (2018). En ep eneu ial leade ship compe encies and mo i a ion o lea n: A ocus on
s uden en ep eneu ial leade s. In R. T. Ha ison and C. M. Lei ch (Eds.), Resea ch handbook on en ep eneu ship
and leade ship (pp. 346–373). Edwa d Elga . h ps://doi.o g/10.4337/9781783473762.00024
Baghe i, A., Newman, A., & E a, N. (2022). En ep eneu ial leade ship o CEOs and employees’ inno a i e beha io in
high- echnology new en u es. Jou nal o Small Business Managemen , 60(4), 805–827. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/004
72778.2020.1737094
Bandu a, A. (Ed.). (1969). Social-lea ning heo y o iden i ica o y p ocesses (pp. 213–262). Handbook o Socializa ion
Theo y and Resea ch.[publishe ]
Bandu a, A., Ba ba anelli, C., Cap a a, G. V., & Pas o elli, C. (2001). Sel -e icacy belie s as shape s o child en’s aspi a-
ions and ca ee ajec o ies. Child De elopmen , 72(1), 187–206. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/1467-8624.00273
Ba ney, J. B., & Cla k, D. N. (2007). Resou ce-based heo y: C ea ing and sus aining. Ox o d Uni e si y P ess.
16 D. NORENA-CHAVEZ AND R. ROMANI TORRES
Ba ney, J., W igh , M., & Ke chen, D. J. (2001). The esou ce-based iew o he i m: Ten yea s a e 1991. Jou nal o
Managemen , 27(6), 625–641. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/014920630102700601
Ba on, R. A., & Ensley, M. D. (2006). Oppo uni y ecogni ion as he de ec ion o meaning ul pa e ns: E idence om
compa isons o no ice and expe ienced en ep eneu s. Managemen Science, 52(9), 1331–1344. h ps://www.js o .
o g/s able/20110608“ h ps://doi.o g/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0538
Canna elli, B., Smi h, B., Giudici, A., Jones, J., & Conge , M. (2017). An expanded model o dis ibu ed leade ship in
o ganiza ional knowledge c ea ion. Long Range Planning, 50(5), 582–602. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.l p.2016.10.002
Caldei a, M. M., & Wa d, J. M. (2003). Using esou ce-based heo y o in e p e he success ul adop ion and use o
in o ma ion sys ems and echnology in manu ac u ing small and medium-sized en e p ises. Eu opean Jou nal o
In o ma ion Sys ems, 12(2), 127–141. h ps://doi.o g/10.1057/palg a e.ejis.3000454
Ca don, M. S., G egoi e, D. A., S e ens, C. E., & Pa el, P. C. (2013). Measu ing en ep eneu ial passion: Concep ual
ounda ions and scale alida ion. Jou nal o Business Ven u ing, 28(3), 373–396. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.
jbus en .2012.03.003
Ca don, M. S., Wincen , J., Singh, J., & D no sek, M. (2009). The na u e and expe ience o en ep eneu ial passion.
Academy o Managemen Re iew, 34(3), 511–532. h ps://doi.o g/10.5465/am .2009.40633190
Cas ellano, S., Chanda imol, K., Khelladi, I., & O han, M. A. (2021). Impac o sel -leade ship and sha ed leade ship on
he pe o mance o i ual R&D eams. Jou nal o Business Resea ch, 128, 578–586. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jbus-
es.2020.12.030
Cha e jee, S., Chaudhu i, R., V on is, D., & Gio ando, G. (2023). Digi al wo kplace and o ganiza ion pe o mance:
Mode a ing ole o digi al leade ship capabili y. Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge, 8(1), 100334. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100334
Chiu, C.-Y., Owens, B. P., & Tesluk, P. E. (2016). Ini ia ing and u ilizing sha ed leade ship in eams: The ole o leade
humili y, eam p oac i e pe sonali y, and eam pe o mance capabili y. The Jou nal o Applied Psychology, 101(12),
1705–1720. h ps://doi.o g/10.1037/apl0000159
Clulow, V., Ba y, C., & Ge s man, J. (2007). The esou ce-based iew and alue: he cus ome -based iew o he i m.
Jou nal o Eu opean Indus ial T aining, 31(1), 19–35. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/03090590710721718
Coglise , C. C., & B igham, K. H. (2004). The in e sec ion o leade ship and en ep eneu ship: Mu ual lessons o be
lea ned. The Leade ship Qua e ly, 15(6), 771–799. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.004
Conno , J., McDe mo , V., & Gillies, W. (2022). Passiona e p ojec s: P ac i ione e lec ions on emo ion manage-
men . In e na ional Jou nal o Managing P ojec s in Business, 15(5), 865–885. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/
IJMPB-08-2021-0208
Cunningham, J. B., & Lische on, J. (1991). De ining en ep eneu ship. Jou nal o Small Business Managemen , 29(1), 45–61.
Da cik, N. S., & Sha ma, P. (2016). Ma ke ing esou ces, pe o mance, and compe i i e ad an age: A e iew and u u e
esea ch di ec ions. Jou nal o Business Resea ch, 69(12), 5547–5552. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jbus es.2016.04.169
Dayan, M., & Basa i , A. (2010). An eceden s and consequences o eam e lexi i y in new p oduc de elopmen
p ojec s. Jou nal o Business & Indus ial Ma ke ing, 25(1), 18–29. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/08858621011009128
Deng, L., Ye, Q., Xu, D., Sun, W., & Jiang, G. (2022). A li e a u e e iew and in eg a ed amewo k o he de e minan s
o c owd unding success. Financial Inno a ion, 8(1), 1–70. h ps://doi.o g/10.1186/s40854-022-00345-6
Emiliano de Souza, D., Fa o e o, C., & Ca alho, M. M. (2022). Knowledge managemen , abso p i e and dynamic
capaci ies and p ojec success: A e iew and amewo k. Enginee ing Managemen Jou nal, 34(1), 50–69. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1080/10429247.2020.1840876
Fab izio, C. M., Kaczam, F., de Mou a, G. L., da Sil a, L. S. C. V., da Sil a, W. V., & da Veiga, C. P. (2022). Compe i i e
ad an age and dynamic capabili y in small and medium-sized en e p ises: A sys ema ic li e a u e e iew and u-
u e esea ch di ec ions. Re iew o Manage ial Science, 16(3), 617–648. h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s11846-021-00459-8
Fey, S., & Kock, A. (2022). Mee ing challenges wi h esilience–How inno a ion p ojec s deal wi h ad e si y. In e na ional
Jou nal o P ojec Managemen , 40(8), 941–950. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijp oman.2022.10.006
Flamini, M., G aham, J., Toledo, W., & Williams, S. M. (2021). School leade s, emo ional in elligence, and equi able
ou comes in U ban educa ion. Handbook o Social Jus ice In e en ions in Educa ion, 703–719. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1007/978-3-030-35858-7_84
Fo nell, C., & La cke , D. F. (1981). E alua ing S uc u al Equa ion Models wi h Unobse able Va iables and Measu emen
E o . Jou nal o Ma ke ing Resea ch, 18(1), 39–50. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/002224378101800104
Finch, J., Jasny, M., Kuce a, K. F., & Kie e , G. (2022). Su eying he scope, success, and challenges o plan conse a-
ion communi y science. F on ie s in Conse a ion Science, 3, 97. h ps://doi.o g/10.3389/ cosc.2022.933292
Geoghegan, L., & Dulewicz, V. (2008). Do p ojec manage s’ leade ship compe encies con ibu e o p ojec success?
P ojec Managemen Jou nal, 39(4), 58–67. h ps://doi.o g/10.1002/pmj.20084
Goosen, R. J., & S e ens, R. P. (2013). En ep eneu ial leade ship: Finding you calling, making a di e ence. IVP Books.
G eco, M., S azzullo, S., C icelli, L., G imaldi, M., & Mignacca, B. (2022). The ine line be ween success and ailu e: An
analysis o open inno a ion p ojec s. Eu opean Jou nal o Inno a ion Managemen , 25(6), 687–715. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1108/EJIM-12-2021-0620
Gup a, P., Mohapa a, M., & S i as a a, S. (2022). Towa ds eam engagemen h ough eam empowe men : Mode a ing
oles o eam e lexi i y and eam o ien a ion. Global Business Re iew, 097215092210758. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1177/09721509221075865
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 17
Hadi, N. U., & Chaudha y, A. (2021). Impac o sha ed leade ship on eam pe o mance h ough eam e lexi i y:
Examining he mode a ing ole o ask complexi y. Team Pe o mance Managemen : An In e na ional Jou nal,
27(5/6), 391–405. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/TPM-10-2020-0085
Hai , J., & Alame , A. (2022). Pa ial Leas Squa es S uc u al Equa ion Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and
educa ion esea ch: Guidelines using an applied example. Resea ch Me hods in Applied Linguis ics, 1(3), 100027.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j. mal.2022.100027
Hai , J. F., Rishe , J. J., Sa s ed , M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When o use and how o epo he esul s o PLS-SEM.
Eu opean Business Re iew, 31(1), 2–24. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hai , J. F., Sa s ed , M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwiese , V. G. (2014). Pa ial leas squa e s uc u al equa ion modeling (PLS
– SEM): An eme ging ool in business esea ch. Eu opean Business Re iew, 26(2), 106–121. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/
EBR-10-2013-0128
Hai , J. F., Rishe , J. J., Sa s ed , M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When o use and how o epo he esul s o PLS-SEM.
Eu opean Business Re iew, 31(1), 2–24. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Ha ey, J. F., & G een, P. (2022). Cons uc i e eedback: When leade ag eeableness s i les eam e lexi i y. Pe sonali y
and Indi idual Di e ences, 194, 111624. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111624
Hill, J., Song, L., & Wes , R. (2009). Social lea ning heo y and web-based lea ning en i onmen s: a e iew o esea ch
and discussion o implica ions. Ame ican Jou nal o Dis ance Educa ion, 23(2), 88–103. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/
08923640902857713
Hi s , G., Mann, L., Bain, P., Pi ola-Me lo, A., & Rich e , A. (2004). Lea ning o lead: The de elopmen and es ing o a
model o leade ship lea ning. The Leade ship Qua e ly, 15(3), 311–327. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.011
Hoang, G., Luu, T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Du, T., & Le, L. P. (2022). Examining he e ec o en ep eneu ial leade ship on
employees’ inno a i e beha io in SME ho els: A media ed mode a ion model. In e na ional Jou nal o Hospi ali y
Managemen , 102, 103142. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103142
Hoegl, M., & Pa bo eeah, K. P. (2006). Team e lexi i y in inno a i e p ojec s. R&D Managemen , 36(2), 113–125.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00420.x
Hsu, H. M., Chang, H. T., Liou, J. W., Cheng, Y. C., & Miao, M. C. (2022). Empowe ing leade ship and eam inno a ion:
The media ing e ec s o eam p ocesses and eam engagemen . Ge man Jou nal o Human Resou ce Managemen ,
37(1), 23–49. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/23970022221108487
Jensen, D. C., Hansen, A. K. L., Pede sen, L. D., & Ande sen, L. B. (2022). Span o con ol and e hical leade ship in
highly p o essionalized public o ganiza ions. Public Pe sonnel Managemen , 52(2), 191–217. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1177/00910260221140398
Jugde , K., Pe kins, D., Fo une, J., Whi e, D., & Walke , D. (2013). An explo a o y s udy o p ojec success wi h ools,
so wa e and me hods. In e na ional Jou nal o Managing P ojec s in Business, 6(3), 534–551. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/
IJMPB-08-2012-0051
Kellihe , F., & Reinl, L. (2009). A esou ce-based iew o mic o- i m managemen p ac ice. Jou nal o Small Business
and En e p ise De elopmen , 16(3), 521–532. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/14626000910977206
Ke zne , H. (1987). In sea ch o excellence in p ojec managemen . Jou nal o Sys ems Managemen , 38(2), 30–39.
Khanagha, S., Volbe da, H. W., Alexiou, A., & Annosi, M. C. (2022). Mi iga ing he da k side o agile eams: Pee p es-
su e, leade s’ con ol, and he inno a i e ou pu o agile eams. Jou nal o P oduc Inno a ion Managemen , 39(3),
334–350. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/jpim.12589
Kha ak, S. I., Riz i, T. H., & Khan, M. A. (2022). Unw apping so wa e p ojec s success in Asia: Assessing he ole o
au hen ic leade ship, psychological empowe men , and job engagemen in p ojec success using a se ial-media ion
app oach. SAGE Open, 12(2), 215824402210979. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/21582440221097918
Kodama, M. (2005). Knowledge c ea ion h ough ne wo ked s a egic communi ies - case s udies on new p oduc
de elopmen in Japanese companies. Long Range Planning, 38(1), 27–49. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.l p.2004.11.011
La i , K. F., A zal, O., Saqib, A., Sahibzada, U. F., & Alam, W. (2020). Di ec and con igu a ional pa hs o knowledge-o ien ed
leade ship, en ep eneu ial o ien a ion, and knowledge managemen p ocesses o p ojec success. Jou nal o
In ellec ual Capi al, 22(1), 149–170. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/JIC-09-2019-0228
La i , K. F., Nazee , A., Shahzad, F., Ullah, M., Im anullah, M., & Sahibzada, U. F. (2020). Impac o en ep eneu ial lead-
e ship on p ojec success: media ing ole o knowledge managemen p ocesses. Leade ship & O ganiza ion
De elopmen Jou nal, 41(2), 237–256. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/LODJ-07-2019-0323
Leblanc, P. M., Rousseau, V., & Ha ey, J. F. (2022). Leade humili y and eam inno a ion: The ole o eam e lexi i y and
eam p oac i e pe sonali y. Jou nal o O ganiza ional Beha io , 43(8), 1396–1409. h ps://doi.o g/10.1002/job.2648
Lee, L. T. S. (2008). The e ec s o eam e lexi i y and inno a i eness on new p oduc de elopmen pe o mance.
Indus ial Managemen and Da a Sys ems, 108(4), 548–569. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/02635570810868380
Lei, X., Liu, W., Su, T., & Shan, Z. (2022). Humble leade ship and eam inno a ion: The media ing ole o eam e lex-
i i y and he mode a ing ole o expe ise di e si y in eams. F on ie s in Psychology, 13, 726708. h ps://doi.
o g/10.3389/ psyg.2022.726708
Lei ch, C. M., & Ha ison, R. (2018). En ep eneu ial leade ship: A c i ical e iew and esea ch agenda. In The Sage
handbook o small business and en ep eneu ship (Vol. 1, pp. 15–35). SAGE Publica ions.
Lei ch, C. M., & Vole y, T. (2017). En ep eneu ial leade ship: Insigh s and di ec ions. In e na ional Small Business
Jou nal: Resea ching En ep eneu ship, 35(2), 147–156. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/0266242616681397
18 D. NORENA-CHAVEZ AND R. ROMANI TORRES
Li, C., Dong, Y., Wu, C. H., B own, M. E., & Sun, L. Y. (2022). App ecia ion ha inspi es: The impac o leade ai
g a i ude on eam inno a ion. Jou nal o O ganiza ional Beha io , 43(4), 693–708. h ps://doi.o g/10.1002/job.2577
Li, X., Yin, Y., & Zhang, R. (2022). Examining he impac o ela ionship- ela ed and p ocess- ela ed ac o s on p ojec
success: The pa adigm o s imulus-o ganism- esponse. Jou nal o Asian A chi ec u e and Building Enginee ing, 21(1),
93–109. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/13467581.2020.1828090
Liu, N., & Lin, Y. (2019). High-pe o mance wo k sys ems, managemen eam lexibili y, employee lexibili y and
se ice-o ien ed o ganiza ional ci izenship beha io s. The In e na ional Jou nal o Human Resou ce Managemen ,
32(18), 3912–3949. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/09585192.2019.1651374
Liu, P., Liu, Y., Hou, W., Yuan, Y., & Li, B. (2022). How spi i ual leade ship a ec s eam sa e y pe o mance: he ole o
eam e lexi i y and wo k in e dependence. In e na ional Jou nal o Occupa ional Sa e y and E gonomics, 29(4),
1319–1327. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/10803548.2022.2120288
Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Liu, S., & Liu, P. (2022). In luence o eam spi i ual leade ship on eam g een inno a ion
pe o mance om he pe spec i e o social in o ma ion p ocessing. Cu en Psychology, 42(29), 25671–25682.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s12144-022-03672-0
Lyu, B., Liao, X., & Yang, Y. (2022). Rela ionships be ween empo al leade ship, ansac i e memo y sys ems and eam
inno a ion pe o mance. Psychology Resea ch and Beha io Managemen , 15, 2543–2559. h ps://doi.o g/10.2147/
PRBM.S380989
Macey, W. H., & Schneide , B. (2008). The meaning o employee engagemen . Indus ial and O ganiza ional Psychology,
1(1), 3–30. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
Maliba i, M. A., & Bajaba, S. (2022). En ep eneu ial leade ship and employees’ inno a i e beha io : A sequen ial
media ion analysis o inno a ion clima e and employees’ in ellec ual agili y. Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge,
7(4), 100255. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100255
Malik, A. A., Muneeb, D., Khan, N., Usman, M., & La i , K. F. (2022). The nexus o se an leade ship and p ojec suc-
cess: he media ion o emo ional in elligence and job s ess and mode a ion o eam e ec i eness. Leade ship &
O ganiza ion De elopmen Jou nal, 43(8), 1186–1200. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/LODJ-07-2021-0339
Mamun, A. A., Ib ahim, M. D., Yuso , M. N. H., & Fazal, S. A. (2018). En ep eneu ial leade ship, pe o mance, and
sus ainabili y o mic o-en e p ises in Malaysia. Sus ainabili y, 10(5), 1591. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/su10051591
McKe i , D., Ca be y, R., & Collins, S. (2022). Job c a ing in p ojec managemen : Implica ions o p ojec success
and ca ee sa is ac ion. In e na ional Jou nal o P ojec Managemen , 40(7), 741–749. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijp o-
man.2022.08.004
Mehmood, M. S., Jian, Z., Ak am, U., & Ta iq, A. (2021). En ep eneu ial leade ship: The key o de elop c ea i i y in
o ganiza ions. Leade ship & O ganiza ion De elopmen Jou nal, 42(3), 434–452. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/
LODJ-01-2020-0008
Miles, S. A., & Wa kins, M. D. (2007). The leade ship eams. Ha a d Business Re iew, 85(4), 90–98.
Mülle , R., & Tu ne , J. R. (2010). A i udes and leade ship compe ences o p ojec success. Bal ic Jou nal o
Managemen , 5(3), 307–329. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/17465261011079730
Munyeki, N., & We e, D. (2017). In luence o ans o ma ional leade ship on he pe o mance o p ojec based o ga-
niza ions. In e na ional Jou nal o P ojec Managemen , 1(3), 41–60.
Mwawasi, S. M. (2022). Le e aging knowledge sha ing o achie e sus ainable compe i i e ad an age in o ganiza ions.
Jou nal o S a egic Managemen , 6(1), 71–77. h ps://doi.o g/10.53819/81018102 2043
Mwesiumo, D., Hal dana son, J., & Shlopak, M. (2022). Na iga ing he ea ly s ages o a la ge sus ainabili y-o ien ed
u al ou ism de elopmen p ojec : Lessons om T æna, No way. Tou ism Managemen , 89, 104456. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1016/j. ou man.2021.104456
No ena-Cha ez, D., & Thalassinos, E. (2022). The media ion e ec o en ep eneu ial sel -e icacy in he ela ionship
be ween en ep eneu ial passion and leade ship S yles. In S. G ima, E. Özen, & H. Boz (Eds.), The new digi al e a:
O he eme ging isks and oppo uni ies (Con empo a y s udies in economic and inancial analysis) (Vol. 109B, pp. 99–
125). Eme ald Publishing Limi ed. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/S1569-37592022000109B007
No ena-Cha ez, D., & Gue a a, R. (2020). En ep eneu ial passion and sel -e icacy as ac o s explaining inno a i e
beha io : A media ion model. In e na ional Jou nal o Economics and Business Adminis a ion, 8(3), 352–373. h ps://
doi.o g/10.35808/ijeba/522
Pa e son, J. (2010). Leade ship: The p ojec managemen essen ial. P oduc ion and In en o y Managemen Jou nal,
46(2), 73–89.
Pea ce, C. L., & He bik, P. A. (2004). Ci izenship beha io a he eam le el o analysis: The e ec s o eam leade ship,
eam commi men , pe cei ed eam suppo , and eam size. The Jou nal o Social Psychology, 144(3), 293–310.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3200/SOCP.144.3.293-310
P abhu, N., Ramap asad, B. S., P asad, K., & Modem, R. (2021). Does wo kplace spi i uali y in luence e lexi i y in
ongoing eams? Examining he impac o sha ed ans o ma ional leade ship on eam pe o mance. Sou h Asian
Jou nal o Business S udies, 11(3), 341–369. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/SAJBS-07-2020-0246
P eache , K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymp o ic and esampling s a egies o assessing and compa ing indi ec e -
ec s in mul iple media o models. Beha io Resea ch Me hods, 40(3), 879–891. h ps://doi.o g/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
Raby, R. L., Fische , H., & C uz, N. I. (2023). Communi y college in e na ional leade s’ sensemaking: En ep eneu ial
leade ship skills and beha io . Communi y College Re iew, 51(1), 52–74. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/00915521221125822
COGENT BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 19
Radaelli, G., Le ie i, E., Mu a, M., & Spille , N. (2014). Knowledge sha ing and inno a i e wo k beha iou in heal h-
ca e: A mic o-le el in es iga ion o di ec and indi ec e ec s. C ea i i y and Inno a ion Managemen , 23(4), 400–
414. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/caim.12084
Rego, A., Sousa, F., Ma ques, C., & e Cunha, M. P. (2012). Au hen ic leade ship p omo ing employees’ psychological
capi al and c ea i i y. Jou nal o Business Resea ch, 65(3), 429–437. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jbus es.2011.10.003
Renko, M., El Ta abishy, A., Ca s ud, A. L., & B ännback, M. (2015). Unde s anding and measu ing en ep eneu ial
leade ship s yle. Jou nal o Small Business Managemen , 53(1), 54–74. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/jsbm.12086
Sæbø, G. I., & Mid sunds ad, J. H. (2022). How can c i ical e lec ion be p omo ed in p o essional lea ning communi-
ies? Findings om an inno a ion esea ch p ojec in ou schools. Imp o ing Schools, 25(2), 174–186. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1177/13654802221082477
San os, S., & Ca don, M. (2019). wha ’s lo e go o do wi h i ? Team en ep eneu ial passion and pe o mance in new
en u e eams. En ep eneu ship Theo y and P ac ice, 43(3), 475–504. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/1042258718812185
Sa abi, A., F oese, F. J., Chng, D. H., & Meye , K. E. (2020). En ep eneu ial leade ship and MNE subsidia y pe o mance:
he mode a ing ole o subsidia y con ex . In e na ional Business Re iew, 29(3), 101672. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.
ibus e .2020.101672
Sa i, S. A., & Ahmad, N. H. (2022). Connec ing he do s: Linking en ep eneu ial leade ship and s a egic agili y o-
wa ds SME compe i i eness. Vision: The Jou nal o Business Pe spec i e, 8(4), 097226292210916. h ps://doi.o g/
10.1177/09722629221091658
Sa s ed , M., Hai , J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Becke , J.-M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How o Speci y, Es ima e, and Valida e
Highe -O de Cons uc s in PLS-SEM. Aus alasian Ma ke ing Jou nal, 27(3), 197–211. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.aus-
mj.2019.05.003
Shauka , M. B., La i , K. F., Sajjad, A., & Eweje, G. (2022). Re isi ing he ela ionship be ween sus ainable p ojec man-
agemen and p ojec success: The mode a ing ole o s akeholde engagemen and eam building. Sus ainable
De elopmen , 30(1), 58–75. h ps://doi.o g/10.1002/sd.2228
Sco -Young, C., & Samson, D. (2008). P ojec success and p ojec eam managemen : E idence om capi al p ojec s in he
p ocess indus ies. Jou nal o Ope a ions Managemen , 26(6), 749–766. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jom.2007.10.006
Shouka , M., Elgammal, I., Shah, S., & Shauka , H. (2022). Nexus be ween sha ed leade ship, wo kplace bullying, eam
lea ning, job insecu i y and eam pe o mance in heal h ca e. Team Pe o mance Managemen , 28(3/4), 125–144.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/TPM-04-2021-0034
S obl, A., Baue , F., & Ma zle , K. (2020). The impac o indus y-wide and a ge ma ke en i onmen al hos ili y on
en ep eneu ial leade ship in me ge s and acquisi ions. Jou nal o Wo ld Business, 55(2), 100931. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.03.002
Su, Q., Luo, L., Lau, D. C., & de Jong, B. (2022). Uni ed o di ided? En ep eneu ial passion and aul lines in new
en u e eams. Jou nal o Small Business Managemen , 1–34. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/00472778.2021.2010086
Te zio ski, M. (2010). Inno a ion p ac ice and i s pe o mance implica ions in small and medium en e p ises (SMEs)
in he manu ac u ing sec o : A esou ce-based iew. S a egic Managemen Jou nal, 31(8), 892–902. h ps://doi.
o g/10.1002/smj.841
Tho nbe y, N. (2006). Lead like an en ep eneu , keeping he en ep eneu ial spi i wi hin he co po a ion. McG aw-Hill
Companies.
Walsh, L., & Ma in, B. (2023). The alue o leade ship p ac ices when he e is no one o lead: A nascen en ep eneu ship
con ex . Jou nal o Small Business Managemen , 61(6), 3155–3191. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/00472778.2021.1989444
Wang, Z., Guan, C., Cui, T., Cai, S., & Liu, D. (2021). Se an leade ship, eam e lexi i y, cowo ke suppo clima e, and
employee c ea i i y: A mul ile el pe spec i e. Jou nal o Leade ship & O ganiza ional S udies, 28(4), 465–478. h ps://
doi.o g/10.1177/15480518211010769
Welsh, R. O., & Swain, W. A. (2020). ( e)de ining u ban educa ion: a concep ual e iew and empi ical explo a ion o
he de ini ion o u ban educa ion. Educa ional Resea che , 49(2), 90–100. h ps://doi.o g/10.3102/0013189X20902822
Xu, X., Zhang, W., & Ba khi, R. (2010). IT in as uc u e capabili ies and IT p ojec success: A de elopmen eam pe -
spec i e. In o ma ion Technology and Managemen , 11(3), 123–142. h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s10799-010-0072-3
Yang, L. R., Huang, C. F., & Wu, K. S. (2011). The associa ion among p ojec manage ’s leade ship s yle, eamwo k and
p ojec success. In e na ional Jou nal o P ojec Managemen , 29(3), 258–267. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijp o-
man.2010.03.006
Zaman, U., Nawaz, S., Ta iq, S., & Humayoun, A. A. (2019). Linking ans o ma ional leade ship and “mul i-dimensions”
o p ojec success: Mode a ing e ec s o p ojec lexibili y and p ojec isibili y using PLS-SEM. In e na ional
Jou nal o Managing P ojec s in Business, 13(1), 103–127. h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/IJMPB-10-2018-0210
Zhang, X., Chu, Z., Ren, L., & Xing, J. (2023). Open inno a ion and sus ainable compe i i e ad an age: The ole o
o ganiza ional lea ning. Technological Fo ecas ing and Social Change, 186, 122114. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j. ech-
o e.2022.122114
Zhang, Y., Hu, Z., Tian, S., Zhou, C., & Ding, Y. (2022). T ickle-down e ec s o empo al leade ship: The oles o lead-
e ship pe spec i e and iden i ica ion wi h leade . F on ie s in Psychology, 13, 1013416. h ps://doi.o g/10.3389/
psyg.2022.1013416
Zwikael, O., & Smy k, J. (2011). P ojec managemen o he c ea ion o o ganiza ional alue (1s ed.). Sp inge -Ve lag
London Limi ed. h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/978-1-84996-516-3
