Jou nal
o
Op ome y
(2020)
13,
96---101
www.jou nalo op ome y.o g
ORIGINAL
ARTICLE
Con as
sensi i i y
unc ion
wi h
so
con ac
lens
wea
Kisho
Sapko a∗,
Sand a
F anco,
Madalena
Li a
Cen e
o
Physics,
Uni e si y
o
Minho,
B aga,
Po ugal
Recei ed
26
May
2019;
accep ed
8
Janua y
2020
A ailable
online
13
Feb ua y
2020
KEYWORDS
Con as
sensi i i y
unc ion;
So
con ac
lens;
Spa ial
equency;
Spec acles
wea
Abs ac
Pu poses:
To
compa e
con as
sensi i i y
unc ion
(CSF)
wi h
so
con ac
lens
(SCL)
and
spec-
acles
wea .
To
in es iga e
he
e ec
o
a
h ee-mon h
pe iod
o
SCL
wea
on
CSF.
Me hods:
Fo y-se en
myopic
subjec s
wi h
no
his o y
o
con ac
lens
(CL)
wea
we e
included
in
his
longi udinal
p ospec i e
s udy.
CSF
was
measu ed
wi h
spec acles
using
he
CSV-1000
(Vec o Vision,
G een ile,
OH).
Subsequen ly,
subjec s
we e
i ed
wi h
a
daily
disposable
lens
(Nel ilcon-A,
S eno ilcon-A
o
Neso ilcon-A)
in
one
eye
and
a
mon hly
disposable
lens
(Lo a ilcon-B,
Com ilcon-A
o
Bala ilcon-A)
in
he
o he
eye
and
wo e
he
same
ype
o
CLs
o
h ee
mon hs.
CSF
was
measu ed
again
on
he
same
day
and
a e
h ee
mon hs
wea ing
CLs.
Di e ences
in
CSF
wi h
spec acles
and
CLs
on
baseline
and
changes
o
CSF
a e
h ee
mon hs
o
CLs
wea
we e
assessed.
The
e ec
o
lens
ma e ials
and
wea ing
modali y
on
CSF
change
was
also
in es iga ed.
Resul s:
CSF
was
highe
wi h
CLs
in
compa ison
o
he
alues
wi h
spec acles
o
spa ial
e-
quencies
o
3,
6
and
12
cycles
pe
deg ee
(cpd)
(p
<
0.05)
while
he e
was
no
di e ence
o
spa ial
equency
o
18
cpd
(p
=
0.114).
No
signi ican
di e ence
was
ound
in
he
CSF
wi h
CLs
be ween
baseline
and
a e
h ee
mon hs
o
lens
wea
(p
>
0.05).
The e
was
no
di e ence
in
CSF
be ween
hyd ogel
and
silicone
CLs
as
well
as
when
compa ing
daily
wi h
mon hly
wea
CLs
(p
>
0.05).
Conclusion:
CSF
is
be e
wi h
CLs
han
wi h
spec acles.
CSF
alues
wi h
CL
a e
simila
be ween
baseline
and
a e
3
mon hs
o
lens
wea .
©
2020
Spanish
Gene al
Council
o
Op ome y.
Published
by
Else ie
Espa˜
na,
S.L.U.
This
is
an
open
access
a icle
unde
he
CC
BY-NC-ND
license
(h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-
nc-nd/4.0/).
∗Co esponding
au ho
a :
Cen e
o
Physics,
Uni e si y
o
Minho
(CFUM),
Campus
de
Gual a ,
4710-057
B aga,
Po ugal.
E-mail
add ess:
[email p o ec ed]
(K.
Sapko a).
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.op om.2020.01.002
1888-4296/©
2020
Spanish
Gene al
Council
o
Op ome y.
Published
by
Else ie
Espa˜
na,
S.L.U.
This
is
an
open
access
a icle
unde
he
CC
BY-NC-ND
license
(h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Con as
sensi i i y
wi h
so
con ac
lens
wea
97
PALABRAS
CLAVE
Función
de
sensibilidad
al
con as e;
Len illas
blandas;
F ecuencia
espacial;
Uso
de
ga as
Función
de
sensibilidad
al
con as e
con
el
uso
de
len es
de
con ac o
blandas
Resumen
Obje i os:
Compa a
la
unción
de
sensibilidad
al
con as e
(CSF)
con
el
uso
de
len illas
blandas
y
ga as.
In es iga
el
e ec o
en
la
CSF
de
un
pe iodo
de
uso
de
len illas
blandas
de
es
meses.
Mé odos:
En
es e
es udio
longi udinal
p ospec i o
incluimos
a
cua en a
y
sie e
suje os
miopes
sin
an eceden es
de
uso
de
len illas.
La
CSF
se
midió
con
ga as,
u ilizando
el
sis ema
CSV-
1000
(Vec o Vision,
G een ile,
OH).
A
con inuación,
se
p opo ciona on
a
los
suje os
len illas
dia ias
desechables
(Nel ilcon-A,
S eno ilcon-A
o
Neso ilcon-A)
en
un
ojo,
y
len illas
mensuales
desechables
(Lo a ilcon-B,
Com ilcon-A
o
Bala ilcon-A)
en
el
o o
ojo,
u ilizándose
el
mismo
ipo
de
len illas
du an e
es
meses.
Se
ol ió
a
medi
la
CSF
el
mismo
día,
y
anscu idos
es
meses
de
uso
de
len illas.
Se
e alua on
las
di e encias
en
cuan o
a
CSF
con
ga as
y
len illas
al
inicio,
y
los
cambios
de
CSF
anscu idos
es
meses
de
uso
de
len illas.
También
se
in es igó
el
e ec o
en
el
cambio
de
CSF
de
las
modalidades
de
las
len illas
y
la
modalidad
de
uso.
Resul ados:
La
CSF
ue
más
al a
con
el
uso
de
len illas,
en
compa ación
con
el
uso
de
ga as
pa a
las
ecuencias
espaciales
de
3,
6
y
12
ciclos
po
g ado
(cpg)
(p
<
0,05),
mien as
que
no
se
p odujo
di e encia
pa a
la
ecuencia
espacial
de
18
cpg
(p
=
0,114).
No
se
encon ó
di e encia
signi ica i a
de
CSF
en e
el
alo
basal
y
anscu idos
es
meses
de
uso
de
len illas
(p
>
0,05).
No
se
encon ó
di e encia
de
CSF
en e
las
len illas
de
hid ogel
y
silicona,
ni
al
compa a
el
uso
de
len illas
dia ias
y
mensuales
(p
>
0,05).
Conclusión:
La
CSF
es
mejo
con
len illas
que
con
ga as.
Los
alo es
de
CSF
con
el
uso
de
len illas
son
simila es
en e
el
alo
basal
y
anscu idos
es
meses
de
uso
de
len illas.
©
2020
Spanish
Gene al
Council
o
Op ome y.
Publicado
po
Else ie
Espa˜
na,
S.L.U.
Es e
es
un
a ´
ıculo
Open
Access
bajo
la
licencia
CC
BY-NC-ND
(h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-
nc-nd/4.0/).
In oduc ion
Visual
h eshold
o
de e mine
he
smalles
di e ence
in
con as
be ween
he
isible
and
in isible
is
he
h esh-
old
con as ,
he
ecip ocal
o
which
p o ides
con as
sensi i i y.1Gene ally,
sinusoidal
g a ings,
which
con ain
a
g adual
change
om
highes
luminance
o
lowes
luminance
and
ice- e sa,
a e
used
o
de e mine
he
isual
con as
h eshold.
This
is
measu ed
wi h
di e en
spa ial
equen-
cies
and
con as s,
so
i
measu es
he
eal-wo ld
isual
unc ion
unlike
he
isual
acui y
measu emen .
Visual
acu-
i y
only
indica es
he
isual
pe o mance
on
high
con as ,
and
gene ally
i
is
measu ed
in
a
100%
con as
a ge .
I
does
no
s and
as
a
comple e
ool
o
ep esen
isual
pe o mance
because
con as
g ea ly
a ies
in
he
eal-
wo ld
isual
equi emen s
and
a
wide
ange
o
a ge s
ha e
abou
1%
o
con as .
In
some
condi ions,
con as
sensi i -
i y
may
be
signi ican ly
educed
e en
i
isual
acui y
emains
no mal.1
Many
esea che s
included
con as
sensi i i y
es s
o
de e mine
he
isual
pe o mance
wi h
di e en
ypes
o
con ac
lenses
(CL).
Some
ha e
assessed
con as
sensi i -
i y
as
he
unc ion
o
di e en
spa ial
equencies,
which
is
con as
sensi i i y
unc ion
(CSF),2 --- 4 while
o he s
ha e
measu ed
isual
acui y
wi h
high
and
low
con as
isual
acui y
cha s.5,6 Howe e ,
low
con as
isual
cha s
e lec
he
slope
o
highe
spa ial
equency
le el
alone.7Some
o
he
p e ious
s udies
ound
no
di e ence
in
he
CSF
in
sub-
jec s
wea ing
spec acles
and
CL.6Howe e ,
O iz
e
al.
ound
lowe
CSF
wi h
cosme ic
as
well
as
i is
in ed
so
CL
when
compa ed
o
no
co ec ion.8Po ish
showed
ha
he
CSF
can
be
imp o ed
in
a hle es
wi h
spo - in ed
CL.9Howe e ,
he
imp o emen
was
oo
small
o
a ec
he
pe o mance
o
hese
a hle es.
Cu en ly,
wi h
he
high
need
o
cons an ly
pe o m
asks
ha
equi e
con inuous
obse a ion
o
objec s
wi h
a y-
ing
deg ees
o
con as ,
and
no
only
objec s
easily
isible
wi h
high
con as ,
i
becomes
ele an
o
assess
he
CSF.
As
he
CSF
is
posi i ely
co ela ed
wi h
ision- ela ed
quali y
o
li e,
i
is
impo an
o
lea n
whe he
cu en
CL
a ec
con as
sensi i i y.10,11 As
a
as
he
au ho s
know,
none
o
he
p e ious
s udies
de e mined
he
e ec
o
con empo a y
CL
wea
on
he
CSF.
The
aim
o
his
s udy
was
o
in es iga e
he
e ec
o
h ee
mon hs
o
so
CL
wea
on
he
CSF.
The
CSF
wi h
CL
(baseline)
was
compa ed
wi h
spec acles
and
a e
h ee
mon hs
o
CL
wea .
The
e ec
o
lens
ma e ials,
wea ing
modali y,
and
gende
on
he
CSF
was
also
assessed.
Ma e ial
and
me hods
Nine y- ou
eyes
o
47
heal hy
neophy e
myopic
subjec s
be ween
18
and
40
yea s
o
age
wi h
no
ocula
pa hol-
ogy
we e
included
in
his
longi udinal
clinical
ial.
All
he
subjec s
had
bes
co ec ed
isual
acui y
equal
o
be e
han
6/6
in
each
eye.
Subjec s
wi h
as igma ism
highe
han
0.75
diop e
(D)
and
his o y
o
CL
wea
we e
excluded.
A
consen
o m
was
signed
a e
de ailed
in o ma ion
was
p o-
ided
o
he
subjec s.
This
s udy
ollowed
he
ene s
o
he
Decla a ion
o
Helsinki
and
was
e iewed
and
app o ed
by
he
Uni e si y
o
Minho’s
E hics
Subcommi ee
o
Li e
and
Heal h
Sciences.
The
sample
size
was
calcula ed
o
wa an
80%
s a is ical
powe
wi h
0.05
signi ican
le el
o
de ec
98
K.
Sapko a
e
al.
he
di e ence
in
LogCS
by
0.15
be ween
wo
condi ions:
wi h
spec acles
and
CL
a
baseline;
and
wi h
CL
a
baseline
and
a e
a
pe iod
o
h ee
mon hs
o
wea .
P elimina y
examina ion
including
sli -lamp
bio-
mic oscopy
and
bo h
objec i e
and
subjec i e
e ac ion
was
pe o med
on
each
subjec .
Visual
acui y
was
measu ed
wi h
spec acles
using
Snellen
sel -illumina ed
cha .
CSF
was
measu ed
wi h
CSV-1000
(Vec o Vision,
G een ile,
OH).3,12,13 This
is
one
o
he
comme cially
a ailable
con as
sensi i i y
measu emen
ools
wi h
good
eliabili y
which
applied
sinusoidal
g a ings.14 I
uses
an
subjec i e
me hod
by
o ced-choice
de ec ion
and
measu es
he
con as
sensi i i y
in
ou
le els
o
spa ial
equencies:
3,
6,
12
and
18
cycles
pe
deg ee
(cpd).1Each
se
o
spa ial
equency
con ains
17
pa ches
wi h
a
diame e
o
3.8
cm
o
0.87
deg ees.
The
i s
pa ch
wi h
highes
con as
e ical
sinusoidal
g a ings
is
used
o
explana ion
while
he
o he
8
pai s
o
pa ches,
numbe ed
1
o
8,
a e
used
o
es ing.
The
con as
o
he
1s
o
3 d
pa ch
dec eases
in
0.17
log
uni
s eps
while,
om
he
3 d
o
he
8 h,
i
dec eases
in
0.15
log
uni
s eps.
The
cha
is
e o-illumina ed
wi h
an
85
cd/m2
luo escen
ligh
which
can
be
con olled
wi h
a
emo e
con ol.
Subjec s
we e
sea ed
wo
and
a
hal
me e s
away
om
he
cha .
CSF
was
measu ed
in
each
eye
sepa a ely
wi h
hei
habi ual
spec acles.
Con as
sensi i i y
alue
o
he
las
co ec
esponse
was
documen ed.
As
sensi i i y
is
he
in e se
o
con as
alues,
he
log
uni
was
used,
and
he e o e,
highe
log
alues
indica e
be e
sensi i i y.15
Each
sinusoidal
g a ing
pa ch
con ains
a
ba
wi h
b igh es
luminance
and
da kes
luminance,
and
he
hickness
o
he
ba
depends
on
he
spa ial
equency
o
he
g a ings,
e.g.
o
3
cpd
i
is
wide
in
compa ison
o
ha
o
18
cpd.
Thus,
Con as
h eshold
=
Luminance
maximum
−
Luminance
minimum
Luminance
maximum
+
Luminance
minimum
Schi me ’s
es ,
ke a ome y
and
biomic oscopic
exami-
na ion
we e
also
pe o med
on
each
subjec .
One
eye
was
i ed
wi h
a
daily
disposable
lens
(Nel ilcon
A
o
S eno ilcon
A
o
Neso ilcon
A)
and
he
o he
was
i ed
wi h
a
mon hly
disposable
lens
(Lo a ilcon
B
o
Com ilcon
A
o
Bala ilcon
A)
in
a
con ala e al
manne .
Only
mono ocal
sphe ical
CL
we e
used
in
his
s udy.
De ails
on
he
CL
a e
p esen ed
in
Table
1.
Lens
i ing
was
e alua ed,
and
should
any
unac-
cep able
i ing
be
ound
due
o
lens
pa ame e s,
ano he
lens
was
i ed
om
he
s udy
lens
g oup.
CSF
was
measu ed
again
a e
30
min
o
CL
wea .
OPTIFREE®Pu emois ®mul-
ipu pose
disin ec ing
solu ion
(Polyquad
0.001%
and
Aldox
0.0006%,
Alcon
Labo a o ies,
TX)
was
p o ided
o
he
ca e
o
he
mon hly
disposable
lenses.
Subjec s
we e
ins uc ed
o
come
a e
h ee
mon hs
o
CL
wea
o
ollow-up
e al-
ua ion
and
subjec s
we e
again
e alua ed
including
he
CSF
assessmen .
Da a
we e
analysed
wi h
S a is ical
So wa e
o
Social
Sciences
(SPSS
22,
IBM
Co p.,
A monk,
NY).
Kolmogo o -
Smi no
es
was
applied
o
analyse
he
dis ibu ion
o
he
a iables;
pa ame ic
es s
we e
used
o
es
no mally
dis-
ibu ed
a iables
and
non-pa ame ic
es s
we e
applied
o
o he s.
A
epea ed
measu es
ANOVA
was
used
o
compa e
he
CSF
alues
in
h ee
di e en
si ua ions
(wi h
spec a-
cles
and
wi h
CL
du ing
baseline
isi
and
wi h
CL
on
inal
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
3 cpd 6 cpd 12 cpd 18 cpd
Baseline wi h spec acles
Baseline wi h CL
Final wi h CL
Con as sensi i i y (log uni )
Spa ial equency
Figu e
1
G aph
showing
con as
sensi i i y
unc ion
wi h
di -
e en
spa ial
equencies.
isi )
as
well
as
o
de ec
he
e ec
o
gende
on
i .
Asso-
cia ion
o
changes
in
he
CSF
acco ding
o
lens
wea ing
modali y
(daily
disposable
s
mon hly
disposable)
and
ype
o
lenses
(hyd ogel
s
silicone
hyd ogel)
was
assessed
by
applying
Mann-Whi ney
es .
Co ela ion
o
he
CSF
wi h
lens
hickness,
oxygen
pe meabili y
and
wa e
con en
was
de e mined
by
applying
Spea man’s
ho
es .
P
alues
less
han
0.05
we e
conside ed
as
s a is ically
signi ican .
Resul s
Nine y- ou
eyes
o
47
subjec s
wi h
a
mean
age
o
24.3
±
4.1
yea s
we e
included
in
his
s udy.
Among
hese,
66.0%
(31)
we e
women.
The
mean
e ac i e
e o
was
−1.86
±
1.54
D
wi h
a
ange
o
−0.75
o
−5.50
D.
Lo a ilcon
B
was
wo n
in
16
eyes,
Nel ilcon
A
on
16
eyes,
Com ilcon
A
on
15
eyes,
S eno ilcon
A
on
15
eyes,
Bala ilcon
A
on
16
eyes
and
Neso il-
con
A
on
16
eyes.
Subjec s
used
he
CL
o
11.8
±
1.8
h
pe
day.
Table
2
shows
he
alues
o
he
CSF
wi h
hei
habi ual
spec acles
(be o e
s a ing
o
wea
CL),
a e
30
min
o
CL
use
on
he
i s
isi ,
and
a e
a
pe iod
o
h ee
mon hs
CL
wea .
Repea ed
measu es
o
ANOVA
shows
ha
he e
is
no
di e ence
in
he
CSF
alues
wi h
spa ial
equency
o
18
cpd
(F(2,
174)
=
2---196,
p
=
0.114)
bu
he e
is
a
s a is ically
signi ican
di e ence
in
CSF
wi h
spa ial
equencies
o
3
cpd
(F(1.754,
152.606)
=
12.729,
p
<
0.001),
6
cpd
(F(1.832,
159.419)
=
14.141,
p
<
0.001)
and
12
cpd
(F(2,
174)
=
5.001,
p
=
0.008).
Pai wise
compa ison
shows
ha
baseline
CSF
wi h
spec acles
was
less
han
ha
wi h
baseline
CSF
wi h
CL
and
inal
CSF
wi h
CL
wi h
spa ial
equencies
o
3,
6
and
12
cpd
(p
<
0.05).
Howe e ,
he e
was
no
signi ican
di e ence
be ween
baseline
CSF
alues
wi h
CL
and
inal
CSF
alues
wi h
CL
wi h
spa ial
equencies
o
3,
6
and
12
cpd
(p
>
0.05).
In
a e age,
baseline
CSF
wi h
CL
was
0.07
highe
han
base-
line
CSF
wi h
spec acles.
As
shown
in
Fig.
1,
he
CSF
was
highe
a
medium
le el
o
spa ial
equency
when
compa ed
o
lowe
o
highe
spa-
ial
equencies
wi h
spec acles
as
well
as
wi h
CL
du ing
baseline
and
a e
he
h ee-mon h
pe iod.
The e
we e
no
s a is ically
signi ican
di e ences
be ween
CSF
alues
ob ained
in
men
and
women
nei he
wi h
spec acles
no
wi h
CL
(p
>
0.05).
Table
3
p esen s
he
changes
in
he
CSF
o
each
spa ial
equency
o
he
di e en
lens
ma e ials
a e
a
pe iod
o
h ee
mon hs
o
lens
wea .
The e
was
no
associa ion
o
lens
wea ing
Con as
sensi i i y
wi h
so
con ac
lens
wea
99
Table
1
Cha ac e is ics
o
he
lenses
used
in
he
s udy.
Nel ilcon
A
and
neso ilcon
A
a e
hyd ogel
lenses
while
o he s
a e
silicone
hyd ogel
lenses.
Lo a ilcon
B
Com ilcon
A
Bala ilcon
A
S eno ilcon
A
Nel ilcon
A
Neso ilcon
A
Company
Alcon
Coope
Vision
Bausch
&
Lomb
Coope
Vision
Alcon
Bausch
&
Lomb
B and
name
Ai Op ix®
AquaTM
Bio ini yTM Pu e ision2TM MyDayTM Dailies®
AquaCom-
o
Plus®
Bio ueTM
ONEday
Wa e
con en
(%) 34
48
36
54
69
78
Thickness
(mm) 0.08
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.1
Base
cu e/
diame e
(mm) 8.6/14.2
8.7/14.5
8.6/14
8.4/14.2
8.7/14
8.6/14.2
Oxygen
Pe meabili y
(ba e )m
110
128
91
80
26
42
Modulus
(MPa)
1.2
0.75
1.1-1.25
0.4
0.89
0.49
T ansmissibili y
(ba e /cm)
137.5
160
130
100
26
42
Table
2
Con as
sensi i i y
unc ion
(in
Log
Uni s)
wi h
spec acles
and
wi h
con ac
lenses
on
he
i s
day
and
wi h
con ac
lenses
on
he
inal
day.
Spa ial
equency
(cpd)
Baseline
wi h
spec acles
Baseline
wi h
CL
paFinal
wi h
CL
pb
3
1.58
±
0.20
1.66
±
0.16
0.001
1.67
±
0.14
0.502
6
1.76
±
0.23
1.86
±
0.20
0.000
1.88
±
0.19
0.316
12
1.44
±
0.26
1.53
±
0.24
0.004
1.52
±
0.25
0.875
18
1.03
±
0.28
1.08
±
0.23
0.114
1.09
±
0.26
0.687
aCompa ison
be ween
CL
and
spec acles
on
baseline
isi
(day
1).
bCompa ison
be ween
baseline
wi h
CL
and
wi h
CL
a e
h ee
mon hs
[CL:
con ac
lenses].
Table
3
Changes
in
con as
sensi i i y
unc ion
(in
Log
Uni s)
by
h ee
mon hs
o
so
con ac
lens
wea
wi h
di e en
lens
ma e ials.
3
cpd
6
cpd
12
cpd
18
cpd
Lo a ilcon
B
0.04
±
0.17
[0.464]
0.08
±
0.22
[0.217]
0.07
±
0.40
[0.608]
−0.02
±
0.31
[0.805]
Com ilcon
A
0.04
±
0.09
[0.052]
−0.01
±
0.18
[0.320]
0.05
±
0.26
[0.506]
0.003
±
0.24
[0.758]
Bala ilcon
A
−0.01
±
0.15
[0.464]
0.001
±
0.17
[0.916]
−0.13
±
0.27
[0.053]
0.02
±
0.27
[0.959]
Nel ilcon
A
−0.02
±
0.19
[0.465]
0.05
±
0.22
[0.422]
0.03
±
0.33
[0.527]
0.07
±
0.29
[0.318]
S eno ilcon
A
0.02
±
0.10
[0.330]
0.03
±
0.17
[0.354]
0.01
±
0.13
[0.892]
−0.04
±
0.18
[0.473]
Neso ilcon
A
0.03
±
0.18
[0.549]
−0.01
±
0.12
[0.863]
−0.07
±
0.33
[0.717]
0.04
±
0.28
[0.474]
Mean
alues
±
s anda d
de ia ions
a e
ollowed
by
p
alues
in
b acke .
modali y
wi h
changes
in
he
CSF
alues.
I
was
simila
wi h
daily
and
mon hly
disposable
lenses
(p
>
0.05).
The
CSF
alues
we e
simila
wi h
silicone
hyd ogel
lenses
and
hyd o-
gel
lenses
(p
>
0.05).
Also,
no
signi ican
co ela ion
was
ob ained
be ween
he
changes
in
he
CSF
wi h
wa e
con en
(
<
0.121,
p
>
0.05),
oxygen
pe meabili y
(
<
0.145,
p
>
0.05)
o
lens
hickness
(
<
0.144,
p
>
0.05).
Fig.
2
shows
he
CSF
o
he
di e en
lens
ma e ials
a
baseline
and
a
he
inal
ollow
up
isi .
I
can
be
obse ed
ha
di e en
ma e ials
appa en ly
beha ed
di e en ly.
Fo
example,
wi h
lo a ilcon
B
lens
wea ,
he
CSF
inc eased
a
3,
6
and
12
cpd,
bu
dec eased
a
18
cpd,
while
wi h
com-
ilcon
A
lens
wea ,
he
CSF
inc eased
in
3,
12
and
18
cpd,
bu
dec eased
a
6
cpd
a e
h ee
mon hs
o
lens
wea .
Howe e ,
all
o
hese
di e ences
we e
conside ed
no
s a-
is ically
signi ican
(p
>
0.05).
The
di e ence
in
he
CSF
was
no
co ela ed
wi h
he
e ac i e
powe
o
he
lenses
(
<
0.164,
p
>
0.05).
Discussion
This
s udy
measu ed
he
e ec
o
so
CL
wea
in
he
CSF,
by
compa ing
he
sco es
ob ained
wi h
spec acles
and
a e
a
pe iod
o
h ee
mon hs
o
lens
wea .
The
e ec
o
lens
ma e ials,
wea ing
modali y,
and
gende
was
also
assessed.
Signi ican ly
highe
CSF
was
ound
wi h
CL
in
compa ison
o
he
CSF
wi h
spec acles
on
he
i s
examina ion
o
all
he
spa ial
equencies
excep
o
he
spa ial
equency
o
18
cpd.
The
lowe
he
spa ial
equency,
he
g ea e
was
he
di e ence.
Simila
o
ou
indings,
Dalcoll
e
al.
ound
100
K.
Sapko a
e
al.
Figu e
2
G aph
showing
baseline
and
inal
con as
sensi i i y
unc ion
wi h
di e en
spa ial
equencies
wi h
con ac
lenses
o
di e en
ma e ials.
an
inc ease
in
he
CSF
wi h
so
CL.16 The
CSF
is
a
p oduc
o
bo h
neu al
and
op ical
ac o s.1Abe a ion
and
gla e
a ec
he
quali y
o
he
image,
so
he
highe
CSF
wi h
CL
when
compa ed
o
spec acles,
may
be
due
o
he
smalle
asymme ic
abe a ions
wi h
so
CL.17 Cha man
epo ed
ha
inco ec
e ac i e
e o
co ec ion
educes
he
CSF
in
high
spa ial
equency.18 So,
in
he
cu en
s udy,
no
di -
e ence
in
he
CSF
wi h
spec acles
and
CL
in
high
spa ial
equency
o
18
cpd
may
be
due
o
unco ec ed
as igma ism
wi h
sphe ical
CL.
Fu he mo e,
he
di e ence
in
he
CSF
wi h
spec acles
and
wi h
CL
du ing
he
baseline
isi
was
in e io
o
0.14
Log
uni s
in
all
he
spa ial
equencies,
so
his
di e ence
may
no
be
clinically
signi ican .19
Con a y
o
he
cu en
s udy,
a
couple
o
p e ious
s udies
ound
no
di e ence
in
he
CSF
wi h
spec acles
and
wi h
so
CL
wea .20,21 G ay
sugges ed
ha
changes
in
co neal
physi-
ology
due
o
CL
wea
may
educe
he
CSF.22,23 Howe e ,
in
he
cu en
s udy,
he
baseline
CSF
was
measu ed
wi h
CL
wi hin
hal
an
hou
o
lens
wea .
So,
wi hin
his
sho
pe iod,
no
changes
in
co neal
physiology
a e
expec ed.
Ano he
impo an
inding
o
his
s udy
is
ha
h ee
mon hs
o
so
CL
wea
did
no
change
he
CSF.
Soni
e
al.
sugges ed
ha
CL
wi h
highe
hicknesses
and
low
oxygen
ansmissibili y
may
educe
he
CSF
by
inducing
co neal
edema.7Howe e ,
in
he
cu en
s udy,
CL
we e
wo n
in
a
daily
wea
modali y
and
he
cen al
hickness
o
he
lenses
was
no
mo e
han
0.10
mm.
The
oxygen
ansmissibili y
o
he
CL
used
in
his
s udy
was
enough
o
a oid
co neal
edema
on
open
eye
condi ion.24 Li a
e
al.
ound
ha
CL
powe
impac s
oxygen
ansmissibili y
as
he
cen al
hickness
and
he
pe iphe al
hickness
o
he
CL
di e
signi ican ly,
espe-
cially
in
high
powe
lenses.25 Howe e ,
low
powe
CL
(mean
−1.86
±
1.54
D)
we e
used
in
his
wo k,
so,
i
is
no
expec ed
o
ind
lowe
Dk/
alues
han
hose
ecommended
o
daily
wea .
Suppo ing
ou
indings,
G ey
ound
no
changes
in
he
CSF
wi h
six
mon hs
o
so
CL
wea .23 In
his
six-sample
size
s udy,
he
concluded
ha
he
CSF
ini ially
dec eases
wi h
so
CL
wea
bu
i
apidly
eco e s
o
a
no mal
s a e
wi hin
ew
hou s.
In
ano he
s udy,
he
ound
a
educ ion
in
he
CSF
wi h
so
CL
a e
ew
hou s
o
wea
when
compa ed
o
he
ini ial
CSF
wi h
no
co ec ion.22
As
shown
in
Table
3
and
Fig.
2,
CSF
seems
o
a y
wi h
lens
ma e ials.
The e
was
a
smalle
di e ence
in
CSF
on
lowe
spa ial
equency
when
compa ed
o
he
CSF
on
highe
spa-
ial
equencies,
and
his
a ia ion
was
highly
pe cei able
a e
h ee
mon hs
o
CL
wea .
Howe e ,
his
a ia ion
was
no
s a is ically
signi ican .
Mo eo e ,
in
his
s udy,
he
CSF
was
simila
wi h
daily
disposable
e sus
mon hly
disposable
lenses
and
silicone
lenses
e sus
hyd ogel
lenses.
Con a y
o
he
p esen
indings,
Belda-Salme on
ound
ha
he
CSF
depends
on
he
lens
ma e ials
as
well
as
lens
design
and
manu ac u ing
me hods.6They
epo ed
se e e
educ ion
in
he
CSF
wi h
hicke
lenses
han
hinne
lenses
and
a
be e
CSF
wi h
la he-cu
lenses
as
opposed
o
spec acles
o
cas -moulded
lenses
was
ound.
Howe e ,
in
he
cu en
s udy,
he e
was
no
signi ican
co ela ion
be ween
changes
in
he
CSF
and
cen e
hickness.
This
may
be
due
o
he
ac
ha ,
a
small
ange
o
cen e
hickness
o
he
CL
was
used
in
he
cu en
s udy.
Gup a
e
al.
compa ed
he
CSF
wi h
wo
ypes
o
CLs,
Pu e ision
mul i ocal
and
Pu e ision
single
ision
lenses,
and
ound
no
di e ences
in
he
CSF.26
Simila ly,
Fe nandes
e
al.
ound
no
signi ican
di e ence
in
he
CSF
wi h
mul i ocal
and
mono ision
CL
in
p esbyopic
subjec s.5
This
s udy
used
he
CSV-1000
o
con as
sensi i i y
mea-
su emen .
Some
o
he
s udies
ound
lowe
eliabili y
o
he
CSV-1000
in
CS
measu emen .27 Howe e ,
he
same
es
was
used
du ing
all
he
isi s
in
his
longi udinal
s udy
and
he
same
examine
measu ed
all
he
da a.
I
was
epo ed
ha
eliabili y
inc eases
i
pe o med
by
he
same
examine .27
One
limi a ion
o
he
s udy
is
ha
he
CSF
was
measu ed
wi h
habi ual
spec acles
o
he
subjec s
on
he
i s
day,
and
he
powe
o
he
spec acles
in
some
o
he
subjec s
migh
no
be
accu a e
a
ha
ime.
Thus,
om
his
s udy,
i
can
be
concluded
ha
CSF
is
highe
wi h
so
CL
when
compa ed
o
he
CSF
wi h
spec-

Con as
sensi i i y
wi h
so
con ac
lens
wea
101
acles.
No
signi ican
di e ence
was
ound
in
he
CSF
wi h
CL
be ween
baseline
and
a e
3
mon hs
o
lens
wea .
The
CSF
wi h
CL
does
no
ela e
o
he
lens
ma e ials,
wea ing
modali y
and
gende
o
he
subjec s.
In
he
u u e,
i
would
be
in e es ing
o
explo e
he
e ec
o
o ic
and
mul i ocal
CL
wea
on
he
CSF.
Con lic
o
in e es
The
au ho s
ha e
no
con lic s
o
in e es
o
decla e.
Financial
suppo
This
wo k
was
suppo ed
by
he
Po uguese
Founda ion
o
Science
and
Technology
(FCT)
wi hin
he
amewo k
o
he
S a egic
Funding
UID/FIS/04650/2019.
Re e ences
1.
Pelli
DG,
Bex
P.
Measu ing
con as
sensi i i y.
Vision
Res.
2013;90:10---14.
2.
B iggs
ST.
Con as
sensi i i y
assessmen
o
so
con ac
lens
wea e s.
In
Con ac
Lens
Clin.
1998;25:99---102.
3.
Do n
L.
Con as
Sensi i i y
in
S abologic
Func ional
Tes .
Ac a
Clin
C oa .
2008;47:15---20.
4.
de
Fez
MD,
Luque
MJ,
Viquei a
V.
Enhancemen
o
con as
sensi i i y
and
losses
o
ch oma ic
disc imina ion
wi h
in ed
lenses.
Op om
Vis
Sci.
2002;79:590---597.
5.
Fe nandes
PRB,
Ne es
HIF,
Lopes-Fe ei a
DP,
Jo ge
JMM,
González-Meijome
JM.
Adap a ion
o
mul i ocal
and
mono i-
sion
con ac
lens
co ec ion.
Op om
Vis
Sci.
2013;90:228---235.
6.
Belda-Salme ón
L,
Fe e -Blasco
T,
Alba án-Diego
C,
Mad id-
Cos a
D,
Mon és-Micó
R.
Diu nal
a ia ions
in
isual
pe -
o mance
o
disposable
con ac
lenses.
Op om
Vis
Sci.
2013;90:682---690.
7.
Soni
PS,
Pa el
R,
Ca lson
RS.
Is
binocula
con as
sensi i i y
a
dis ance
comp omised
wi h
mul i ocal
so
con ac
lenses
used
o
co ec
p esbyopia?
Op om
Vis
Sci.
2003;80:505---514.
8.
O iz
C,
Jimenez
R.
Op ical
Quali y
and
Vision
wi h
I is-Colo ing
So
Con ac
Lenses.
Op om
Vis
Sci.
2014;91:564---569.
9.
Po isch
E.
Foo ball
playe s’
con as
sensi i i y
compa ison
when
wea ing
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