scieee Open visual document viewer

Lara Croft en el paradigma transtextual de las industrias culturales

Millán Barroso, Pedro Javier

Full text

/DUD&URIWHQHOSDUDGLJPDWUDQVWH[WXDOGHODVLQGXVWULDVFXOWXUDOHV 0,//$1%DUURVR3HGUR-DYLHU  3ODQWHDPLHQWRVLQLFLDOHVOD&RQIHUHQFLDGH%HLMLQJ 'HVGHOD,9&RQIHUHQFLD0XQGLDOVREUHOD0XMHUFHOHEUDGDHQ%HLMLQJHQ HV FDGD YH] PD RU HO GHEDWH VREUH HO DFFHVR R OD SUHVHQFLD GH OD PXMHU HQ OD FRPXQLFDFLyQPDVLYDSDUDOXFKDUSRUVXHTXLSDUDFLyQFRQHOKRPEUH/RVGRFXPHQWRV GH OD PHQFLRQDGD FRQIHUHQFLD HQ HO &DS WXOR ,9 2EMHWLYRV HVWUDWpJLFRV  PHGLGDV WLWXODQ OD VHFFLyQ - FRPR /D PXMHU  ORV PHGLRV GH GLIXVLyQ (Q HOOD VH SODQWHD OD QHFHVLGDGGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQ UHSUHVHQWDFLyQMXVWDGHODPXMHUHQORVPHGLDFRQVLGHUDGRV pVWRV GH IRUPD JHQpULFD QR VH GRWD GH PD RU R PHQRU UHOHYDQFLD D XQDV IRUPDV GH GLIXVLyQ PDVLYD IUHQWH D RWUDVHLQFOXVRVHSUHYpQSRVLEOHVPRGDOLGDGHVIXWXUDVFRPR HVWiVLHQGRODDFWXDO,QWHUQHWHQDSHQDVHVWDEDH[WHQGLGDOD::: 6LQ HPEDUJRVyORFLQFRDxRVGHVSXpVGHOHQFXHQWURLQWHUQDFLRQDOHQ%HLMLQJHO &DXFXV GH21*VVREUH0XMHUHV 0HGLRVGH&RPXQLFDFLyQGHFODUDED  9LYLPRVXQDYHUWLJLQRVDUHYROXFLyQHQHOFDPSRGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQDHVFDODJOREDO 0XFKRKDFDPELDGRHQORVFLQFRDxRVGHVGHTXHVHDSUREyOD3ODWDIRUPDGH$FFLyQGH %HLMLQJ(VWRVFDPELRVWLHQHQXQHQRUPHSRWHQFLDOVHDSRVLWLYRRQHJDWLYRSDUDHPSXMDUR LPSHGLUXQRUGHQPiVMXVWR HTXLWDWLYRGHUHODFLRQHVHQWUHORVJpQHURV  $ SDUWLU GH HVWH SODQWHDPLHQWR LQLFLDO VH H[SRQH FRQ JUDQ FRQWXQGHQFLD FyPR HIHFWLYDPHQWHODVPHGLGDVGHSRWHQFLDFLyQGHODPXMHUHQORVPHGLRVGHGLIXVLyQVRQ LQIUXFW IHUDVHQORVWUHVQLYHOHV HVHQFLDOHVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ  D $QiOLVLVGHFRQWUROHOHPLVRUODPXMHUFRPRVXMHWRGHHQXQFLDFLyQQRWLHQH DFFHVRDGHFXDGRDORVPHGLRVGHGLIXVLyQORFXDOFRQWUDGLFHHODUW FXORGHOD 'HFODUDFLyQ8QLYHUVDOGHORV'HUHFKRV+XPDQRVWRGRLQGLYLGXRWLHQHGHUHFKRD LQYHVWLJDU UHFLELULQIRUPDFLRQHV RSLQLRQHV HOGHGLIXQGLUODVVLQOLPLWDFLyQ GH IURQWHUDVSRUFXDOTXLHUPHGLRGHH[SUHVLyQ E $QiOLVLVGHO0HQVDMHHOPHQVDMHODPXMHUFRPRREMHWRGHHQXQFLDFLyQLQMXVWR GDGR TXH >@ /DLQIRUPDFLyQVHHVWiFRQYLUWLHQGRHQPHUFDQF D VXIXQFLyQ FRPR VHUYLFLRS~EOLFRGHVGHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQHVWiGHVDSDUHFLHQGR GH PRGR TXH /DV PXMHUHV VRQ SUHVHQWDGDV GHVGH ORV PHGLRV PDVLYRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQGHIRUPDVHOHFWLYD HVWHUHRWLSDGD F $QiOLVLV GH HIHFWRV HO UHFHSWRU OD PXMHU HVWHUHRWLSDGD HQ XQ LPDJLQDULR FROHFWLYR WUDGLFLRQDOLVWD IRPHQWDGR SRU ORV SURSLRV 0HGLRV $V WDOFRPRVH H[SXVRHQHOVLPSRVLRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHOD81(6&2VREUH0XMHUHV 0HGLRVGH &RPXQLFDFLyQFHOHEUDGRHQ7RURQWRHQODPD RU DGHORVSD VHVWLHQHQ OH HV TXH SURK EHQ OD GLVFULPLQDFLyQ EDVDGD HQ HO VH[R SHUR UDUDV YHFHV VH XWLOL]DQ IUHQWH D OD DXVHQFLD R OD LPDJHQ GLVWRUVLRQDGD GH ODV PXMHUHV HQ ORV PHGLRV     (IHFWLYDPHQWH ORV PHGLRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ HVWDEOHFHQ XQ GREOH MXHJR TXH HQWUDxDODFDPXIODGD SURIXQGDFLPHQWDFLyQGHORVUROHVHVWHUHRW SLFRVGHODPXMHUHQ QXHVWUDVRFLHGDGPLHQWUDVTXHORVGLYHUVRVIRUPDWRVGHSUHQVDGLIXQGHQLQIRUPDFLRQHV HQODVTXHVHGHILHQGHQFRQFLHUWDH[SOLFLWXGHOKRQRUHLJXDOGDGGHODPXMHU < VRQ PX  SRFRV ORV FDVRV HQ ORV TXH XQ SHUVRQDMH IHPHQLQR GH FLHUWD UHOHYDQFLDVRFLDOSDUWLFLSDRWLHQHUHSHUFXVLyQSRVLWLYDHQORVPHGLRV  /RVRU JHQHVGHOSUREOHPD $V SXHVODUD ]GHOSUREOHPDGHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQIHPHQLQDHQORVPHGLRVGH FRPXQLFDFLyQ VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HO SRGHU LQIRUPDWLYR GH ORV PHQVDMHV LPSO FLWRV SUHVHQWHV HQ ORV JpQHURV QR SHULRG VWLFRV +DJDPRV XQD DSUHFLDFLyQ WHUPLQROyJLFD WRGRVORVFRQWHQLGRVGHORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQHVWUXFWXUDQPHQWDOLGDGHVSDXWDVGH FRPSRUWDPLHQWRDQLYHOVRFLDOHLQGLYLGXDO3RUHVRGHVWDFDPRVODSUHPLVDGHTXHWRGRV ORVJpQHURVFRPXQLFDWLYRVTXHFRQVXPLPRVVHDHOSHULRG VWLFRHOGUDPiWLFRHWFVRQ LQIRUPDWLYRVSRUTXHGDQIRUPD<SUHFLVDPHQWHVRQORVSURGXFWRVWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH OODPDGRV ³QR LQIRUPDWLYRV´ DTXHOORV TXH FRQ PiV IXHU]D GLIXQGHQ  DILDQ]DQ ORV LPDJLQDULRV VRFLDOHV LPSO FLWRV FRPR HV HO FDVR GH OD PXMHU HQ VXV GLYHUVDV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHVVRFLDOHVODIDPLOLDHOKRJDU HOWUDEDMRSRUHMHPSOR 6LQHPEDUJRHOPRGRGHUHFHSFLyQGHXQDV RWUDVPRGDOLGDGHVHVUDGLFDOPHQWH RSXHVWR(QWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHVODDSDULHQFLDGHREMHWLYLGDGGHORVSULPHURVGHJUDGDHQ ORVUHFHSWRUHVHOSDFWRGHILFFLRQDOLGDGFRQWUD GRFRQHOPHQVDMHPLHQWUDVTXHHVHSDFWR    3(7(56 %  9DORU  O PLWHV GH XQ HQIRTXH DXWRUHJXODGRU GH OD LJXDOGDG GH VH[RV HQ ORV PHGLRV6LPSRVLRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHOD81(6&20XMHUHV PHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQDFFHVRDORVPHGLRV GHH[SUHVLyQ DODWRPDGHGHFLVLRQHVKWWSZZZLIMRUJZRUNLQJLVVXHVZRPHQVWRURQWRSGI SHUPDQHFH PiV DFWLYR FXDQWR PD RU HV OD FDUJD ILFFLRQDO LPSO FLWD GHO JpQHUR (OOR LPSOLFD DFWLWXGHV PX  GLIHUHQWHV SRU SDUWH GHO UHFHSWRU TXLHQ DVLPLODUi HO PHQVDMH SHULRG VWLFREDMRFULWHULRVUDFLRQDOHVPLHQWUDVTXHORVJpQHURVGHRFLRHVWDEOHFHQXQD DFWLWXGGHUHFHSFLyQHPRFLRQDO DV PiVDFU WLFDDSR DGDHQODVHQWHQFLD³HVPHQWLUD HVILFFLyQ´TXHSHUPLWHHODFFHVRVLQILOWURVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQHQHOUHFHSWRU   0LHQWUDVHVWDVLWXDFLyQQRFDPELHODPXMHUSRGUiVHJXLUVLHQGRREMHWRGHOPXGR LPDJLQDULRPDVFXOLQR QRVXMHWRGHOVX RSURSLR1RROYLGHPRVODYLVLyQDSRFDO SWLFD TXH$GRUQR +RUNKHLPHU  PDQLILHVWDQDOUHIHULUVHDOFRQFHSWRGHLQGXVWULDVFXOWXUDOHV GH ODV FXDOHV VXVWUDHQ HO WpUPLQR FOLFKp SDUD UHIHULUVH DO PRGR HQ TXH HO SDQRUDPD HFRQyPLFR SRUWDQWRWDPELpQHOPHGLiWLFRHVWiQVRPHWLGRVDXQRVSRFRVSDUiPHWURV FUHDWLYRVGHFX DSHUPDQHQWHPH]FODVXUJHQFRQVWDQWHPHQWHSURGXFWRVGHp[LWRFDVL JDUDQWL]DGR  (OKLSHUWH[WRLQGXVWULDOGH/DUD&URIW 8QHMHPSORGHHVWHp[LWRFRPHUFLDOFRPRSUHPLVDGHODFUHDFLyQHV/DUD&URIW XQR GH ORV SHUVRQDMHV IHPHQLQRV PiV IDPRVRV GHO VLJOR ;; D SHVDU GH KDEHU VLGR LGHDGRHQHORFDVRGHOPLVPR6HWUDWDGHXQDH[FHOHQWHPXHVWUDWDOYH]PDTXLDYpOLFD GHOHJLWLPDFLyQGHOPRGHORIHPHQLQRHVWDEOHFLGRPHGLDQWHODSUR HFFLyQGHVXSXHVWRV FDUDFWHUHVSRWHQFLDGRUHVGHODPXMHUFRQWDOp[LWRTXHODH[SDQVLyQSRUORVGLYHUVRV PHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQIXHDEUXPDGRUD(OHVWXGLRGHODVUD]RQHVHVHQFLDOHVGHHVWH VXFHVRQRVD XGDDGHVYHODUFyPRORVSURFHVRVPHUFDQWLOHVLQKHUHQWHVDODVLQGXVWULDV FXOWXUDOHV SXHGHQ VHU HVWXGLDGRV GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD VHPLyWLFD HVWR HV HQWHQGLpQGRORV FRPR WH[WRV FRQ ODV FRQVLJXLHQWHV LPSOLFDFLRQHV D QLYHO VLQWiFWLFR SUDJPiWLFR VHPiQWLFR'HPRVWUpPRVOR  /D FODYH GH OD FRQTXLVWD PHUFDQWLO GH /DUD &URIW UHVLGH HQ OD HVWUDWpJLFD FRPELQDFLyQGHHOHPHQWRVFXOWXUDOHVSUHH[LVWHQWHV FRPHUFLDOPHQWHILDEOHVLQVSLUDGRV pVWRVHQWUHVKpURHVPDVFXOLQRVGHODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVGHOVLJOR;;$V UHFRJHPRVGH -DPHV%RQGVXFRQGLFLyQDULVWRFUiWLFDLQJOHVDSHURWDPELpQVXDVWXFLDVROHGDG SRU   (VWiELHQUHYLVDGR VXSHUDGRHOFRQFHSWRGHWHUPLQLVWDGHOUHFHSWRUPDVLYRFRPSOHWDPHQWHDFU WLFR  PDQLSXODGRSRUHOPHQVDMHPHGLiWLFRSHURQRKD TXHROYLGDUODSDUWHGHYHUGDGTXHHQHOORH[LVWLUi PLHQWUDV HO S~EOLFR FDUH]FD GH FLHUWRV UHFXUVRV GH DQiOLVLV VHD XQD EDVH KLVWyULFD VRFLROyJLFD R GLUHFWDPHQWHPHGLiWLFD  ÈPELWR WHyULFR GH OD (VFXHOD GH )UDQNIXUW +25.+(,0(5 0D[  $'2512 7KHRGRUH  'LDOpFWLFDGHOLOXPLQLVPR%XHQRV$LUHV6XU  VXSXHVWR XQ  LQYHQWDULR GH DUWLOXJLRV DVRPEURVRV TXH OH D XGHQ D VDWLVIDFHU VX DUULHVJDGDSDVLyQSRUODDUTXHRORJ D(VWR~OWLPRDVXYH]HVODHVHQFLDGHOWDPELpQ VROLWDULRHLPSURYLVDGRU,QGLDQD-RQHVSHUVRQDMHTXHFRPRVDEHPRVVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRU GHVHQYROYHUVHHQHVSDFLRVDQFHVWUDOHV&RPRWHUFHUFRPSRQHQWH/DUDPDQHMDWRGRWLSR GHDUPDVFRQODWHPSODQ]D GHFLVLyQGH-RKQ5DPER 3RUVXSDUWHHOHOHPHQWRIHPHQLQRVHYLQFXODGLUHFWDPHQWHDOFDQRQGHEHOOH]D DUTXHW SLFR TXH GHWHUPLQD D ODV KHUR QDV GH QXHVWUD QDUUDWLYD WUDGLFLRQDO  TXH KD YHQLGRUHSOLFiQGRVHHQORVFXHUSRVPiVDIDPDGRVGHODVRFLHGDGGHFRQVXPR$V /DUD &URIW GLVSRQH GH XQDV PHGLGDV RILFLDOHV PX  FRQFUHWDV    TXH HQ QDGD HQYLGLDQDODPRGHOR&ODXGLD6FKLIIHUODDFWUL]6DOPD+D HNRODPXxHFD%DUELH 3RU WDQWR GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD VHPiQWLFD OD UHFXUUHQFLD DO FOLFKp TXH GHQXQFLDEDQ$GRUQR +RUNKHLPHUFRQGXFHDORTXHHQWpUPLQRVGH*HQHWWH  HVHOHMH GHXQDSURIXQGDUHODFLyQGHWUDQVWH[WXDOLGDG/DVLQGXVWULDVFXOWXUDOHVFRQILJXUDQWRGR XQ PDFURWH[WR   FX RV HOHPHQWRV TXHGDQ LPEULFDGRV (Q HVWH FDVR OD QHFHVLGDG PHUFDQWLO GH HVWDEOHFHU WUXVWV FXOWXUDOHV   FUHD D /DUD &URIW FRPR XQ KLSHUWH[WR FRQVWUXLGR HVHQFLDO TXH QR ~QLFDPHQWH D SDUWLU GH ORV KLSRWH[WRV TXH KHPRV PHQFLRQDGR-DPHV%RQGHOFDQRQHVWpWLFRIHPHQLQRHWF(QGHILQLWLYDQDFHXQWH[WR QXHYRSHUREDVDGRHQORUHFXUUHQWH 6LQHPEDUJRHOHVWHUHRWLSRGHJpQHURXQHQWHFXOWXUDODEVWUDFWRKDVLGRHOHOHPHQWR KLSRWH[WXDOGHFLVLYRSDUDFRQFHELUD/DUD&URIW  /D SXUD IDQWDV D GH DK  YLQR OD LGHD GH /DUD (VWiEDPRV KDUWRV GH ORV KRPEUHV HVWHUHRW SLFRV GH ORV MXHJRV GH RUGHQDGRU  FRPR OD PD RU D GH MXJDGRUHV VRQ YDURQHV SHQVDPRVTXHSUHIHULU DQPLUDUDXQDPDUDYLOORVD YLVWRVDPXMHUHQYH]GHDXQ³PDFKRWH´ 3RUTXHODVPXMHUHVGHORVMXHJRVVXHOHQVHU>@WURIHRVSDUDUHVFDWDU>@    $OPLVPRWLHPSRHOSHUVRQDMHFUHDGRSRUODFRPSDx D(LGRV,QWHUDFWLYHRIUHFHXQD VHULH GH UDVJRV DWUDFWLYRV SDUD HO FRQVXPLGRU IHPHQLQR WDQWR HO DGDSWDU OD GLQiPLFD GH PRYLPLHQWRVDOI VLFRGHODPXMHU±DGLyVDODUXGH]DGHOFOiVLFRKRPEUHPXVFXORVRFRPR HOHVS ULWXGHLQFRQIRUPLVPRFRQWUDXQDVRFLHGDGTXHRSULPHDODPXMHU9HDPRV/DUDQRV SHUPLW DFUHDUWRGDXQDJDPDGHPRYLPLHQWRVTXHQLQJ~QKRPEUHSRGU DUHDOL]DU   *(1(77(*3DOLPSVHVWRV/DOLWHUDWXUDHQVHJXQGRJUDGR0DGULG7DXUXV  /270$1-0 (6&8(/$'(7$5786HPLyWLFDGHODFXOWXUD0DGULG&iWHGUD  2WURFRQFHSWRGH$GRUQRGHULYDGRGHORVHVWXGLRVGHODVLQGXVWULDVFXOWXUDOHV0RQRSROLRVJOREDOHVGH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO LPDJLQDULR PHGLiWLFR FROHFWLYR SDUD TXH ORV SURGXFWRVGH p[LWR XQLYHUVDO DFDEHQ DVHQWDQGRSDUDGLJPDVGHFRQVXPR DV GHFUHDFLyQSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHSODQLILFDGD  (QWUHYLVWDDORVFUHDGRUHVGH/DUD&URIWHQZZZHLGRVLQWHUDFWLYHFRXN  >«@,QFDSD]GHSHUPDQHFHUHQODFODXVWURIyELFD VRIRFDQWHDWPyVIHUDGHODFODVHDOWD EULWiQLFD±SHQVHPRVHQSDSHOGHODPXMHUHQDPELHQWHVGHUHPLQLVFHQFLDVYLFWRULDQDVVHGLR FXHQWDGHTXHVyORHVWDEDUHDOPHQWHYLYDFXDQGRYLDMDEDVROD    'LFKR HVWR VLWXDPRV QXHVWUR DQiOLVLV HQ HO QLYHO SUDJPiWLFR SDUD GHVYHODU ODV UHODFLRQHVGH/DUD&URIWFRQVXFRQWH[WR ORVVXMHWRVGHODHQXQFLDFLyQ UHFHSFLyQHOORVLQ ROYLGDU TXH ODV DQWHULRUHV YLQFXODFLRQHV HQWUH HO KLSHUWH[WR  VXV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV KLSRWH[WRVVRQWDPELpQFRQWH[WXDOHVDSHVDUGHTXHODVFXHVWLRQHVPHWRGROyJLFDVSHUPLWDQ LQFOXLUODV HQ HO QLYHO VHPiQWLFR  QR HQ HO SUDJPiWLFR TXH DKRUD QRV RFXSD $V  SXHV GHVFXEULPRVHQHVWHHVODEyQGHODQiOLVLVTXHODFRPSOHMLGDGGH/DUD&URIWFRPRVLJQRYLHQH WDPELpQGHWHUPLQDGDSRUVXGHQVLGDGVHPiQWLFD pVWDQRGHULYDVyORGHUHIHUHQWHVFUHDGRV FRQDQWHULRULGDGVLQRWDPELpQGHOHQWUHFUX]DPLHQWRHQWpUPLQRVGH/RWPDQFRQWH[WRVWDQ DFWXDOHVFRPRHOOD TXHSODVPDQWHQGHQFLDVVLPLODUHVHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOSHUVRQDMH IHPHQLQR 7DO VHUi HO FDVR SRU HMHPSOR GH OD SULQFHVD )LRQD TXH HQ OD SHO FXOD 6KUHN DVXPHFRPR/DUD&URIWHQ7RPE5DLGHUSDXWDVGHDJUHVLYLGDGI VLFDQRDWULEXLEOHVDORV SHUVRQDMHVIHPHQLQRVGHODQDUUDWLYDWUDGLFLRQDO PHQRVD~QDXQDJUiFLOSULQFHVDRDXQD VHxRULWDDULVWyFUDWD 3RUWDQWRHQXQDGLPHQVLyQVLQWiFWLFDDPERVFDVRVUHVSRQGHQDODGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGH DVHQWDGRV FiQRQHV IHPHQLQRV <D VHD /DUD &URIW XQD QXHYD ³PXMHU IDWDO´ R )LRQD HO HVWDQGDUWHGHODVSULQFHVLWDVUHEHOGHVHQDPERVFDVRVVHGHWHFWDFyPRODYHUWLHQWHIRUPDO HOFDQRQHVWpWLFRGHOVLJQRHVFRQVHUYDGDPLHQWUDVTXHODVIXQFLRQHVVRQWUDQVIRUPDGDV 6RQDVXPLGRVUROHVGHOHVWHUHRWLSRPDVFXOLQRVREUHFXHUSRVGHPXMHU $PERVFDVRVKDQUHVXOWDGRGHHQRUPHFDODGRHQWUHHOS~EOLFRGHPRGRTXHSRGHPRV DILUPDUTXHHOp[LWRFRPHUFLDOGHHVWRVGRVSHUVRQDMHVIHPHQLQRVUHVLGHHQODVDELDFUHDFLyQ GH LQWHUGHSHQGHQFLDV HQWUH GRV HOHPHQWRV TXH HQ SULQFLSLR VRQ FRQWUDGLFWRULRV OD FRPELQDFLyQGHFOLFKpVFXOWXUDOHV ODUXSWXUDGHORVKRUL]RQWHVGHH[SHFWDWLYDV(VGHFLUOD IXVLyQGHORUHGXQGDQWHFRQORVRUSUHQGHQWH /DIyUPXODHVVLPSOHXQDYH]ORJUDGDDXQTXHVXSXVRXQJUDQULHVJRHFRQyPLFRSDUD ORVFUHDGRUHVGH/DUD&URIW6HWUDWDGHFLPHQWDUPiVD~QHOHVWHUHRWLSRGHOGHVOXPEUDQWH I VLFRIHPHQLQRFRPRUHFODPRGHODGROHVFHQWHYDUyQDODYH]TXHVRQLQWHJUDGDVSDXWDVGH FRQGXFWD TXH FDSWHQ OD DWHQFLyQ GH XQD QXHYD FDWHJRU D GH FRQVXPLGRU SRWHQFLDO GH   ,E GHPZZZHLGRVLQWHUDFWLYHFRXN YLGHRMXHJRV ODV FKLFDV SDUD SURGXFLUXQDLPSRUWDQWHDSHUWXUDGHPHUFDGR(VGHFLUHQ UHDOLGDGVyORVHKDQPH]FODGRHOHPHQWRVGHVLJQLILFDFLyQTXHVHJ~QHOSXQWRGHYLVWDGH XQR X RWUR JpQHUR GH FRQVXPLGRUHV UHVXOWDQ QRYHGRVRV R SHUIHFFLRQDQ OD WUDGLFLyQ (Q ~OWLPRWpUPLQRHVXQFUXFHGHKRUL]RQWHVGHH[SHFWDWLYDV  D 3RU XQ ODGR HO FDQRQ I VLFR HOHPHQWR IHPHQLQR HVWDEOHFLGR VH DSOLFD D XQ SHUVRQDMH SURWDJRQLVWD GH YLGHRMXHJR EpOLFR HOHPHQWR QRYHGRVR SDUD HO S~EOLFR PDVFXOLQR E $ OD YH] UHEHOG D VRFLDO VROHGDG  UHFXUVRV EpOLFRV HVWHUHRWLSR GHO KpURH PDVFXOLQRDSOLFDGRVDXQDKHUR QDLQQRYDFLyQ  SDUDHOS~EOLFRIHPHQLQR  /RVUHVXOWDGRVGHYHQWDGHOYLGHRMXHJR7RPE5DLGHUIXHURQHVSHFWDFXODUHV  &RQYHQWDVPXQGLDOHVGHPiVGHPLOORQHVGHHMHPSODUHV±KR PXFKRVPiV/DUD&URIW KDFRQYHUWLGRD³7RPE5DLGHU´HQODPDUFDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDGHODHPSUHVD(OODKDSRVDGRSDUDOD SRUWDGDGHODUHYLVWD³7KH)DFH´DSDUHFLyHQ0HORG 0DNHUHLQFOXVRKL]RJLUDFRQ8    7UDVFHQGHQFLDPHGLiWLFDGHXQSHUVRQDMHLQHUWH 5HYHODODFLWDDQWHULRUHOJUDQSURFHVRGHUDPLILFDFLyQPHGLiWLFDDTXHKDGDGROXJDU /DUD&URIW6XUHOHYDQFLDHQORVVHFWRUHVMyYHQHVGHODSREODFLyQKDKHFKRTXHHOSHUVRQDMH HVWUHOODGH(LGRV,QWHUDFWLYHKD DVLGRUHWUDWDGRHQORVFXHUSRVGHODVPRGHORVGHQXPHURVDV UHYLVWDVGHSUHVWLJLRGHOPLVPRPRGRTXHJHQHUyXQLQWHQVRGHEDWHHQWRUQRDODDFWUL]TXH ODHQFDUQDU DHQODYHUVLyQFLQHPDWRJUiILFDGHOYLGHRMXHJRIXH$QJHOLQD-ROLH FyPRQR HVIXHQWHGHLQVSLUDFLyQGHJUDQFDQWLGDGGHOFRQWHQLGRSRUQRJUiILFRGH,QWHUQHW 3DUD LOXVWUDU OD SRWHQFLD GH HVWD UHWURDOLPHQWDFLyQ FDSD] GH JHQHUDU HQRUPHV FDQWLGDGHVGHQXHYRVPHQVDMHVFLWRDFRQWLQXDFLyQXQRGHORVSRVLEOHVUHVXOWDGRV GHE~VTXHGDDTXHGLROXJDUXQDVRODHQWUDGDGHODVSDODEUDV³/DUD&URIW´HQXQEXVFDGRU LQWHUQDFLRQDO 6RQ XQ SDU GH FDUWDV HVFRJLGDV HQWUH ODV P~OWLSOHV GH OD ZHE RILFLDO GHO SHUVRQDMH  4XHULGD/DUDVyORTXLVLHUDDJUDGHFHUWHTXHVHDVXQIDQWiVWLFRPRGHORGHFRQGXFWDSDUDWRGDVODV DGROHVFHQWHV&UHHPRVTXHHUHVJHQLDOQRVyORHUHVKHUPRVDVLQRTXHHUHVLQWHOLJHQWHSDWHDVHO   $SHVDUGHUHPLWLUQRVDXQDHVSHFLHGH&DODPLW -DQHSHUVRQDMHpSLFRGHO6DOYDMH2HVWHHQYHUVLyQ UHILQDGD SRVWPRGHUQD  ,E GHPZZZHLGRVLQWHUDFWLYHFRXN FXORFRQHVWLOR£ VDEHVFRPRPDQHMDUDWXVKRPEUHV(VSHURTXHORVLJDVKDFLHQGRWDQELHQ GXUDQWHPXFKRWLHPSR(UHVIDQWiVWLFD/DUD WHGHVHDPRVEXHQDVXHUWHHQWRGRORTXHKDJDV  4XHULGD/DUDVR XQDQLxDGHRQFHDxRV FUHRTXHWLHQHVODSHUVRQDOLGDG HOWUDEDMRLGHDOHVSDUD P 3DUDQDYLGDGYR DSHGLUWXQXHYRMXHJR/DUDHUHVUHDOPHQWHODSHUVRQDPiVVLPSiWLFDGHO PXQGR7RGRVORVG DVSLHQVRHQWL HQWXYLGD0LVDPLJDVGLFHQTXHHUHVEDVXUD££SHUR RVpTXH HUHVODPiVJUDQGH6pFRPRW~ORTXHHVHVWDUVROD VHU~QLFDSRUTXH RVLHQWRHVRWRGRVORVG DV (UHVOR~QLFRTXHPHKDFHVHJXLUDGHODQWH'HWXPD RUDGPLUDGRUD-HQQ +DZNLQV  'HILQLWLYDPHQWH ODV HVWUDWHJLDV PHUFDQWLOHV KDQ FRQVHJXLGR KDFHU TXH XQ SHUVRQDMH HOHFWUyQLFR VHD DGRUDGR SRU PLOORQHV GH SHUVRQDV OOHJDQGR LQFOXVR D JHQHUDU LPSXOVRV DPRURVRV VH[XDOHVKDFLDXQDPXMHUFRPSXHVWDSRUORVFHURV XQRVGHOFyGLJRELQDULR(V GHFLU OD VXSXHVWD YLUWXDOLGDG KD FRQVHJXLGR VHU PiV WDQJLEOH TXH HVR D OR TXH OODPDPRV UHDOLGDG  &RQFOXVLRQHV 3RU WRGR OR GLFKR HQ HVWDV SiJLQDV OD SUHRFXSDFLyQ SRU HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD PXMHU GHEH FRQWHPSODUWRGRHOVLVWHPDHQUHGTXHFRQIRUPDQODVGLVWLQWDVLQGXVWULDVFXOWXUDOHVHQWUDQGRFRQHOOR HQORVWHUUHQRVHQTXHHOPHQVDMHLPSO FLWRFRQQRWDWLYRHVHOHMHGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQVRFLDOGHO PLVPRPRGRTXHORVGLVFXUVRVVRFLDOHVVLJXHQDILQFDQGRDODVPXMHUHVHQVXVUROHVWUDGLFLRQDOHV  DQWHQXHVWURVRMRVFLHJRV 3DUDHOORVHUiQHFHVDULDHQWRGRVORVQLYHOHVGHOPHFDQLVPRVRFLDOXQDFRQFLHQFLDPiV FU WLFDUHVSHFWRGHORVPHGLRVTXHYHOHSRUTXHORVLPDJLQDULRVIHPHQLQRVLPSO FLWRVORVQRGLFKRV VHDQGHVYHODGRVGHVGHORVHOORVPLVPRV(VGHFLUTXHHOFRQFHSWRGHH[FHSFLRQDOLGDGFXOWXUDOTXHOD 8QLyQ (XURSHD DSOLFD D ORV SURGXFWRV DXGLRYLVXDOHV VHD HQWHQGLGR UHDOPHQWH HQ YLUWXG GH ODV LPSOLFDFLRQHV VRFLRFXOWXUDOHV GHO PHUFDGR DXGLRYLVXDO  QR VyOR FRPR PHGLGD GH SURWHFFLyQ LQGXVWULDOIUHQWHDODSURGXFFLyQQRUWHDPHULFDQD 3HUR VRPRV FRQVFLHQWHV GH TXH HO FRQWURO MXU GLFR YLHQH D VHU XWySLFR DQWH OD SURIXQGD VXEMHWLYLGDGGHHVWRVPLVPRVPHQVDMHVFXOWXUDOHV3RUWDQWRVHJXUDPHQWHGHEHPRVDSR DUQRVHQORV FyGLJRVGHRQWROyJLFRVSDUWLFXODUHVSXHVQRVHQFRQWUDPRVDQWHODGLI FLOWDUHDGHYLQFXODUUHDO  HIHFWLYDPHQWHGRVYDULDEOHVTXHHQPX FRQWDGDVH[FHSFLRQHVFRQYLYHQHQHOFRQWLQXXPGHODV LQGXVWULDVFXOWXUDOHVHOVHUYLFLRS~EOLFR HOiQLPRGHOXFUR(LQFOXVRHQWRQFHVWDOFRPRDILUPD %HWWLQD3HWHUVQRSRGUiDVHJXUDUVHTXHHOPHQVDMHVHUiUHFLELGR 