Compa a i e S udy o Models o Quan i ying
Was e in Finishes Phase o Residen ial Buildings
Ca men Lla as
Depa amen o de Cons ucciones A qui ec ónicas I
ETSA, Uni e sidad de Se illa.
Se ille, Spain
[email p o ec ed]
Lau a Ca olina Ramí ez
Ins i u o de Desa ollo Expe imen al de la Cons ucción
FAU, Uni e sidad Cen al de Venezuela
Ca acas, Venezuela
lau aca olina a[email p o ec ed]om
Nu ia Bizcocho
Depa amen o de Cons ucciones A qui ec ónicas I
ETSA, Uni e sidad de Se illa.
Se ille, Spain
[email p o ec ed]m
Abs ac — Global conce n abou en i onmen al impac
caused by Cons uc ion and Demoli ion (C&D) was e has
isen in ecen yea s. C&D was e mus be managed in an
e icien way in o de o educe his en i onmen al impac .
Fo his eason, Go e nmen s a e de eloping guidelines
and con ol measu es.
In Spain, he egula o y amewo k o gene a ion and
managemen o C&D was e is he Na ional Dec ee
105/2008, implemen ed in Feb ua y 2008. Among o he
issues, i is equi ed o quan i y he amoun o gene a ed
C&D was e and o sepa a e each ac ion when hey
exceed ce ain amoun : conc e e, ce amic, me al, wood,
glass, plas ics, pape and ca dboa d. The e o e, a eliable
model o quan i ying C&D was e in p ojec s is needed in
o de o plan hei subsequen managemen once hey
appea du ing he execu ion o he wo k.
Cu en ly, he e a e se e al heo e ical and s a is ic
s udies o quan i ying C&D was e in he p ojec s age.
Thei objec i e is o es ablish he eal composi ion and
quan i y o C&D was e. Howe e , as hey a e based in
s a is ic da a o gene al p ojec in o ma ion, he esul s
ob ained a e app oxima e alue. In ac , mos o hem
would need o check hei da a in cons uc ion si es.
Gi en his sho coming, his pape e eals he de ia ion
be ween es ima es om heo e ical models applied o
p ojec s and he ac ual amoun o C&D was e gene a ed
on si e. This compa ison is s udied in a cons uc i e sys em
( inishes) in a esiden ial building p omo ed by “Emp esa
Municipal de Vi ienda de Se illa, EMVISESA”.
Resul s e eal ha i is equi ed a model o quan i ying
he expec ed amoun o C&D was e o be gene a ed on
si e: a) e i ied in cons uc ion si es, b) de ailed by ype
and o igin o was e.
Keywo ds: Models, Quan i ica ion, Was e, Cons uc ion.
I. INTRODUCTION.
Global conce n abou en i onmen al impac caused by
Cons uc ion and Demoli ion (C&D) was e has isen in ecen
yea s. In o de o educe his en i onmen al impac ,
Go e nmen s a e de eloping guidelines and con ol measu es.
In Spain, gene a ion and managemen o C&D was e a e
egula ed by Na ional Dec ee 105/2008, implemen ed in
Feb ua y 2008. One o he new obliga ions o he C&D
p oduce is o include in cons uc ion p ojec s a new documen
called Was e Managemen S udy. Among o he issues, his
documen has o con ain an es ima e o he amoun o C&D
was e expec ed o be gene a ed on si e, in ons and cubic
me es. In o de o ul il his new equi emen , a eliable model
o quan i ying C&D was e in p ojec s is needed.
Cu en ly, se e al heo e ical and s a is ic s udies help o
es ima e ypes and quan i ies o C&D was e om he p ojec
s age. Howe e , as hese me hodologies a e based on s a is ic
da a o ough coe icien s ha come om es ima es
and app oxima ions om gene al in o ma ion o he p ojec ,
esul s ob ained a e app oxima e alue. In ac , mos o hem
would need o check hei da a in cons uc ion si es.
Gi en hese sho comings, he Depa men o A chi ec u al
Cons uc ions I o he Uni e si y o Se ille is accomplishing
he esea ch P ojec ‘‘-CDWs = + ECO-e iciency. Was e
Reduc ion in he Design and Cons uc ion o Dwellings in
Andalusia’’, subsidized by Depa men o Housing and Spa ial
Planning o he Go e nmen o Andalusia. In his amewo k,
he PhD hesis “On si e e i ica ion o heo e ical models o
quan i ying C&D was e in buildings” is being de eloped.
Cu en esul s om his esea ch e eal ha i is equi ed a
model o quan i ying he expec ed amoun o C&D was e
gene a ed on si e: a) e i ied in cons uc ion si es b) de ailed
by ype and o igin o was e.
In his pape , esul s ob ained du ing he cons uc ion s age
a e shown. De ia ion be ween es ima es om heo e ical
models applied o p ojec s and he eal amoun o C&D was e
quan i ied on si e is e ealed. This compa ison is s udied in a
building subsys em ( inishes) in a 225 dwelling building
p omo ed by Emp esa Municipal de Vi ienda de Se illa,
EMVISESA (Se illian Municipal Housing En e p ise).
II. MODELS FOR QUANTIFYING C&D WASTE.
In ecen yea s, o es ablish anges and pa ame e s in o de
o desc ibe was e gene a ed by cons uc ion ac i i y has
become a key challenge. Fo ha eason, se e al au ho s ha e
de eloped me hodologies o quan i ying C&D was e. Many o
hese ini ia i es a e gene al app oxima ions ha can only be
applied o a ce ain egion o building ypology (dwelling o
non-dwelling); howe e , a numbe o me hodologies include
cons uc ion ma e ials and echniques in hei app oach [1].
These me hodologies use empi ical ac o s o quan i y he
gene a ed C&D was e. These ac o s ha e been de ined by
di e en en i ies: a pa icula indus ial sec o (e.g.: d ywall o
conc e e), cons uc ion cos da abases, en i onmen al agencies,
o heo e ical s udies. So a , any s udy de eloped on
cons uc ion si es de ining ac o s o was e p oduc ion has been
ound.
A. Spanish legal amewo k o C&D was e.
In Spain, al hough he gene a ion o C&D was e is
egula ed in gene al e ms since 1998, he egula o y
amewo k o gene a ion and managemen o C&D was e
appea ed in Feb ua y 2008 wi h he en y in o o ce o he
Na ional Dec ee 105/2008. Among o he issues,
deposi wi hou ea men o eco e able was e is o bidden and
was e disposal ees o discou age land illing a e demanded; in
addi ion, au onomous communi ies a e encou aged o c ea e
con ol measu es linked o building pe mission, as can be ees
o simila .
This Dec ee in oduces a numbe o obliga ions ha mus
be ul illed by agen s in ol ed in cons uc ion ac i i ies. Fo
example, he C&D was e p oduce has o include in
cons uc ion p ojec s a Was e Managemen S udy wi h an
es ima e o he amoun o C&D was e expec ed o be gene a ed
on si e, in ons and cubic me es, acco ding o EWL codes
(Eu opean Was e Lis ). Fu he mo e, i is also equi ed o
sepa a e C&D was e in o di e en ac ions when hey exceed
he ollowing amoun s: conc e e: 80 ; b icks, iles, ce amic: 40
; me al: 2 ; wood: 1 ; glass: 1 ; plas ics: 0.5 ; pape and
ca dboa d: 0.5 . [2].
B. Cu en models o quan i ying C&D was e in Spain
Is Spain, a numbe o so wa es o quan i ying C&D was e
ha e been de eloped, as BEDEC Da abase by ITeC. Based on
on-si e s udies, i s esul s a e olume o was e by buil o
demolished a ea. This so wa e p o ides o al weigh and
olume o each ype o was e acco ding o he Eu opean
Was e Lis (EWL), in all cons uc ion phases. ITeC has also
de eloped he guide “W i ing he C&D Was e
Managemen Plan”. Applying a numbe o was e p oduc ion
ac o s o he buil a ea, his guide assis s o ob ain an
app oached amoun o was e in weigh and olume, acco ding
o he 7 ac ions equi ed in Na ional Dec ee 105/2008.
Cu en ly, in o de o comply wi h Na ional Dec ee
105/2008, se e al p o essional o ganiza ions ha e de eloped
models and guidelines, which make i easie he quan i ica ion
o C&D was e om he design s age. Fo example, in Se ille,
Founda ion FIDAS has de eloped a model o es ima e he 7
was e ac ions, o e ing e y simpli ied da a.
Rela ed o mo e speci ic me hods, Ph.D Thesis “Was e
gene a ed in esiden ial cons uc ion. P oposals and e alua ion
o p ocedu es and equi emen s o i s minimiza ion” (Lla as
2001), de elops a me hodology o quan i ying C&D was e in
o de o assess he was e gene a ed in each cons uc ion
p ocess. Ob aining da a om he measu emen s and budge
documen o he p ojec , a uni e sal and de ailed calcula ion
p ocedu e is p oposed, acco ding o he o igin o he was e
gene a ed in each building elemen . In his p ocedu e,
ans o ma ion ac o s and es ima ion ac o s a e used
acco ding o he ype o was e (soil, packaging and emains).
The analy ical exp essions de eloped gi es he olume and
de ailed composi ion o was e expec ed in each building
elemen [3].
III. METHODOLOGY
A. Objec i e
The main pu pose o his pape is o compa e models o
quan i ying was e gene a ed du ing he Finishes phase in
dwelling buildings.
B. Phases
The p oposed me hodology has he ollowing s ages:
 Compila ion o documen s o he p ojec unde s udy
(w i en, g aphic …) Desc ip ion and analysis o
speci ic cha ac e is ics o inishes.
 Analysis o he Chap e o Finishes in he measu emen
and budge documen o he p ojec . S uc u e,
o ganiza ion and coding homogeniza ion o building
elemen s in he measu emen documen , acco ding o
he Andalusian Cons uc ion Cos Da abase.
Iden i ica ion o chap e s and subchap e s.
Iden i ica ion and analysis o building elemen s.
Selec ion o building elemen s o s udy on si e.
 Analysis and measu emen o was e gene a ed on si e
du ing he execu ion o each building elemen .
Following pa ame e s a e s udied: ype, shape and
packaging o ma e ials; amoun o ma e ial by buil
a ea; measu emen o olume and weigh o packaging
was e; measu emen o olume and weigh o emains,
e c.
 Types and quan i ies o was e gene a ed du ing he
execu ion o each building elemen a e iden i ied. On
si e C&D Was e Shee s a e illed in wi h he collec ed
da a, one shee is illed by building elemen .
 Applica ion o he De ailed Model o Quan i ying
Was e o each building elemen in he chap e o
Finishes. Uni P ice B eakdowns a e es ablished o
each building elemen acco ding o Andalusian
Cons uc ion Cos Da abase. Applying he app op ia e
ac o s, ypes and quan i ies o was e gene a ed by
building elemen a e es ima ed acco ding o his model.
 Applica ion o was e gene a ion ac o s ob ained om
BEDEC Da abase o each building elemen in he
chap e o Finishes. Types and quan i ies o was e by
building elemen a e es ima ed, acco ding o his
so wa e.
 Compa a i e s udy o esul s.
C. On si e measu emen o was e
Fi s , e e y building elemen o execu e du ing he Finishes
phase is iden i ied, acco ding o he sys ema ic s uc u e o he
cons uc ion p ocess. A e analyzing his building subsys em
(Finishes), building elemen s a e iden i ied. Then, wo king
g oups a e o ganized o s udy and measu e he gene a ed C&D
was e. These g oups a e made up o senio s uden s and
coo dina ed by he au ho s o his pape . Volume, a ea o
leng h a e delimi ed on si e o each building elemen , in o de
o analyze he wo k ca ied ou du ing i s execu ion. A e
execu ing a delimi ed building elemen , he was e gene a ed on
si e is measu ed and iden i ied, as i is shown in igu e 1, 2 and
3.
Figu e 1. Was e o building elemen s sepa a ed and piled on he place o
wo k o in con aine s.
Figu e 2. S uden s measu ing plas ic co e ings and wood s ip om
packagings.
Subsequen ly, On Si e C&D Was e Shee s a e elabo a ed
o each building elemen . In hese ables, ypes o gene a ed
was e a e iden i ied, acco ding o he Eu opean Was e Lis and
g ouped in o h ee blocks: soil, packaging and emains. In
Finishes phase, only packaging and emains a e ound. Nex ,
olume and weigh measu emen s o each ype o was e a e
w i en down. The measu emen o each g oup o was e is
ca ied ou as ollows:
Packaging was e can be mixed wi h he con ained ma e ial
o o he emains. They a e usually gene a ed in he place o
ma e ial supply and s ockpile (Figu e 2). Fo each building
elemen , ypes o gene a ed packaging was e a e iden i ied and
coded acco ding o he chap e 15 o he Eu opean Was e Lis
(Packaging Was e). I s olume and weigh a e quan i ied as
well. I s ecycling a e is qui e high, in ac , mos o hem a e
e-used again, mainly he wood palle s, which ha e ce ain
numbe o uses a ailable.
On si e measu emen o was e gene a ed du ing he
execu ion o he building elemen is mo e complica ed, due o
was e is usually mixed and dispe sed. A s udy a ea is
delimi ed, and when ope a o s inish he execu ion o ha a ea,
he gene a ed was e is piled up and, i possible, s acked
sepa a ely.
Figu e 3. S uden s collec ing and measu ing pape emains. S uden
weighing and measu ing ma ble iles emains.
Types o was e a e iden i ied acco ding o he Eu opean
Was e Lis . In case o mixed ac ion, each ype o was e is
es ima ed p opo ionally. Then, measu emen is made (Figu e
3), which can be in wo ways:
 Was e o small size o wi h unde ined shape (e.g:
mo a , ce amic, cemen , e c.) a e in oduced in o a
known olume con aine .
 Was e o big size o wi h de ined shape (eg:
plas e boa d panels, sec ions, ma ble, e c.) a e
measu ed wi h ape a e being s acked as a p isma ic
olume.
Finally, On Si e C&D Was e Shee o each building
elemen is comple ed, illing in a sec ion wi h inciden s. An
example can be seen in Figu e 4, he On si e C&D Was e Shee
o he uni o iles. Al hough measu emen s ha e been made in
olume and weigh , ables a e exp essed in olume. Weigh
Con e sion Table wi h da a ob ained on si e is shown in Table
1.
Figu e 4. On si e C&D Was e Shee o he uni o Tiles
D. Theo e ical models o quan i ying C&D was e.
Subsequen ly, wo me hodologies o quan i ying a e
applied o each building elemen : a) De ailed Model o
Quan i ying de eloped by Uni e si y o Se ille (3) b) was e
gene a ion ac o s om BEDEC Da abase, as a so wa e o
quan i ying widely used in Spain (4).
The De ailed Model o Quan i ying is selec ed o being
he mos speci ic me hod and ha ing he g ea e deg ee o
agmen a ion. “This p ocedu e is based on he ac ha was e
is simply he consequence o esou ces and packaging
ans o ma ions, due o he cons uc ion p ocess”. The e o e,
ma e ials and hei con aine s equi ed o he execu ion o
each building elemen a e iden i ied and quan i ied, acco ding
o he measu emen and budge documen .
In his Model, he o al was e expec ed in he building is
ob ained by he sum o hose expec ed in each building
subsys em: exca a ion, ounda ion, d ainage, s uc u e,
mason y, e c. Likewise, he was e expec ed in each building
subsys em is ob ained by he sum o hose expec ed in he
execu ion o each building elemen (e.g., in S uc u e: columns,
beams, sills, loo s…).
TABLE I. WEIGHT CONVERSION TABLE WITH DATA OBTAINED ON SITE.
C&D Was e
EWL Code
C&D Was e Tipe Names
On Si e
olume
measu ed (m3)
On Si e
weig h
measu ed (kg)
kg / m3
15 01 01 Ca dboa d o Cemen Sack 0,010080 0,75 74,40
15 01 01 Ca dboa d o Adhesi e Pas e bags 0,014700 1,00 68,03
15 01 01 Co uga ed ca dboa d box 0,021206 1,00 47,16
15 01 01 Thin co dboa d box 0,006158 0,50 81,20
15 01 03 Palle o 0.80 x 0.80 x 0.105m 0,067200 11,00 163,69
15 01 02 Thin plas ic bag (sc ews) 0,013547 2,00 147,64
15 01 02 Thick coa ing o palle 0,018900 2,00 105,82
15 01 10* Ha d plas ic con aine 0,028463 1,50 52,70
C&D Was e
EWL Code
C&D Was e Tipe Names
On Si e
olume
measu ed (m3)
On Si e
weigh
measu ed (kg)
kg / m3
01 04 13 Ma ble ile o h eshold and enee plin h o na u al s one 0,010800 21,50 1990,74
17 01 01 Ha dened mo a 0,015000 15,00 1000,00
17 01 01 Mo a o s ony ende ing monocapa 0,038906 12,50 321,29
17 01 01 Te azzo pa ing iles cu 0,005320 13,00 2443,61
17 01 02 Pe o a ed b ick 0,006930 6,00 865,80
17 01 03 Ce amic iles cu 0,003600 5,50 1527,78
17 01 06* Cellula Conc e e (se ) 0,007728 4,00 517,60
17 01 07 Double Hollow B ick and Mo a 0,008005 9,00 1124,33
17 01 07 Tiles wi h adhesi e pas e 0,022050 16,00 725,62
17 01 07 Pe o a ed b ick wi h mo a 0,018360 17,50 953,16
17 02 01 Wood om o mwo k 0,036666 13,00 354,55
17 02 03 Fibe glass mesh lamina ed and/o plas ic li egua ds 0,027412 2,50 91,20
17 04 05 Fine s eel p o iles o d ywall 0,044800 10,00 223,21
17 04 02 Aluminum beading o s ony ende ing monocapa 0,000360 1,00 2777,78
17 08 02 Plas e boa d panels 0,023520 9,00 382,65
17 08 02 D y plas e (mix u e) 0,022050 20,00 907,03
17 08 02 Plas e (pas a and pla es) 0,022050 17,50 793,65
17 09 04 Boa d ape o plas e boa d co ne s o pape /me al 0,007069 0,85 120,25
O he s (Mixed)
REMAINS
Physical o chemical ans o ma ion o non-me allic mine als
Conc e e, B ick and Ce amics
Wood, Glass and Plas ic
Me ales
Ma e ial wi h gypsum
Weigh s Cha o Cons uc ion and Demoli ion Was e ob ained on si e.
PACKAGING
Pape o Ca dboa d
Wood
Plas ic
Haza dous
To es ima e he was e gene a ed in each building elemen , a
numbe o ac o s a e applied o he o al amoun o each
building elemen , in he uni o measu emen o he p ojec .
These ac o s a e used o ans o m hese quan i ies in o
olume/weigh o was e, di e en ia ing be ween soil, emains
and packaging was e. Ob ained was e is coded acco ding o
he Eu opean Was e Lis .
IV. CASE STUDY
This esea ch has been applied o social housing buildings
p omo ed by he Emp esa Municipal de Vi ienda de Se illa,
EMVISESA (Se illian Municipal Housing En e p ise). These
a e ou o eigh loo s buildings wi h g ound loo and
basemen , and hei design ea u es a e no mally used in Spain:
ein o ced conc e e ounda ion; ein o ced conc e e s uc u e;
b ick closings; plas e boa d panels; ce amic, e azzo o ma ble
pa emen s; la oo ; aluminium ca pen y on he ex e io ;
wooden ca pen y on he in e io .
The case s udy selec ed is a building p omo ed by
EMVISESA, loca ed in he M.C.-1.2 block in Polígono
Ae opue o API-DE-01 ( o me SUNP-AE-1), called as well
Eas dis ic , in Se ille, Spain (Figu es 5 and 6). I is a
21.379,81 m² mul i- amily esiden ial building in pe ime e
block, wi h 225 dwellings, ga age, s o age and comme cial
p emises in he g ound loo . I was designed in 2006 by he
a chi ec Manuel López Ga cía. I s cons uc ion was inished in
ea ly 2011 by Cons uc o SANJOSE.
Figu e 5. Ex e nal iews o he M.C-1.2 pe ime e block building, du ing i s
cons uc ion
Figu e 6. Figu e 6. View om he cou ya d o he pe ime e block
Building MC-1.2, once i s cons uc ion has inished
The wo a o emen ioned heo e ical models o quan i ying
a e applied o his case s udy. Ob ained da a a e compa ed wi h
on si e da a. Each building elemen included in he subsys em
o inishes is iden i ied in he measu emen documen o he
p ojec . Elemen s wi h simila i ies in hei execu ion a e joined
in o de o make a simpli ica ion. Finally, 17 building elemen s
a e ob ained o quan i y hei was e.
A. Discussion o esul s by building elemen
On Si e Was e Shee a e illed in o each o his 17
building elemen s. Subsequen ly, compa a i e ables o
coe icien s a e made, one by each building elemen in he
Finishes phase, ob aining 17 ables in o al. An example can be
seen in Table 2, co esponding o he building elemen “m2 o
iles”. In his able, ypes and quan i ies o was e ob ained on
si e a e indica ed and compa ed wi h esul s ob ained om he
De ailed Model o Quan i ying by Uni e si y o Se ille
(Lla as, 2001) and he BEDEC Da abase by ITeC.

TABLE II. C&D WASTE QUANTIFICATION SHEET FOR THE UNIT OF
TILES
CHART 10.1
CHAPTER 10.
CONSTRUCTION
UNIT
12.892,54
MEASUREMENT
ON SITE
U.S. DETAILED
MODEL
BEDEC
SOFTWARE
15 PACKAGING
m3m3/m2m3/m2m3/m2
15 01 01 CARDBOARD 150,597760 0,011681 0,001900 0,001900
15 01 03 WOOD 5,427759 0,000421 0,001163 0,000891
15 01 02 PLASTIC 4,447926 0,000345 0,000621 0,000001
15 01 06 OTHER 1,598675 0,000124 0,000037 0,000037
162,072120 0,012571 0,003721 0,002829
17 REMAINS:
m3m3/m2m3/m2m3/m2
17 01 01 CONCRETE - - 0,000672 0,000095
17 01 03 CERAMIC 1,933881 0,000150 0,000534 0,001800
17 01 07
CONCRETE
&CERAMIC
73,551941 0,005705 - 0,000090
17 09 04 OTHER 0,760660 0,000059 0,000012 -
76,246482 0,005914 0,001218 0,001985
238,318602 0,018485 0,004939 0,004814
CONSTRUCTION WASTE QUANTIFICATION SHEET
PROJETC: M.C-1.2 API-DE-01
CONSTRUCTION PHASE: FINISHES
m2 o Tiles 20cm x 20cm, wi h adhesi e.
C&D WASTE
EWL CODE
C&D WASTE
GENERATED
TOTAL
VOLUME
QUANTIFIED ON
GENERATION COEFFICIENTS
TOTAL PACKAGING
TOTAL REMAINS
TOTAL TILES C&D WASTE
In his pa icula case, he a io ob ained on si e is 0,018485
m3 pe squa e me e o iles. Compa ing his alue wi h esul s
ob ained by he De ailed Model (0,004936 m3/m2) o BEDEC
Da abase (0,004814 m3/m2), he de ia ions obse ed a e a
pe cen dec ease o 374% and 384% espec i ely. Applying
his a ios o he o al a ea o iles, he esul s ob ained a e
63,68m3 (De ailed Model) and 62,06 m3 (BEDEC), when in
ac , he eal amoun o was e gene a ed is 238,32 m3.
B. Discussion o esul s on Finishes Phase
Ra ios ob ained in he C&D Was e Quan i ica ion Shee s
a e applied o he quan i ies o building elemen s on Finishes
phase in he M.C-1.2 p ojec . To al amoun o gene a ed was e
in cubic me es is ob ained acco ding o he De ailed Model,
BEDEC Da abase and on si e measu emen , as can be seen in
Table 3.
Re iewing hese esul s, alues ob ained by applying he
wo heo e ical models don’ co espond wi h on si e da a. In
some cases, he di e ence be ween alues is e y high. Rela ed
o he o al amoun , de ia ions obse ed espec o on si e da a
a e a pe cen dec ease o 193% in he case o he De ailed
Model and 464% in he case o BEDEC Da abase. In mos o
he analyzed building elemen s, alues ob ained by applying
he De ailed Model and BEDEC a e lowe han on si e da a.
Howe e , some excep ions a e ound:
 Fo ou building elemen s, alues ob ained by he
De ailed Model a e highe han on si e da a.
 Fo he uni o “m o enee plin h o na u al s one”,
alues ob ained by BEDEC a e highe han De ailed
Model and on si e da a.
 In he case o “m2 o ende ing mo a ” and “m2 o
conc e e slab”, on si e da a a e lowe han alues
ob ained by applying he wo heo e ical models.
C. Discussion o esul s by Type o Was e in Finishes Phase
Resul s by ype o was e gene a ed in Finishes phase o he
M.C-1.2 p ojec , acco ding o he De ailed Model, BEDEC and
on si e measu emen a e shown in Table 4.
As can be seen, acco ding o on si e da a, quan i ies o
emains a e highe han quan i ies o packaging was e, unlike
he esul s ob ained by he De ailed Model and BEDEC.
Rela ed o packaging was e, he quan i y ob ained by he
De ailed Model is 410,81m3, which is 155% lowe han he
quan i y gene a ed on si e (636,81 m3). By applying BEDEC,
he quan i y is 361% lowe (177,31 m3).
TABLE III. AMOUNT OF C&D WASTE BY BUILDING ELEMENT.
SUB-CHAPTER
ANDALUSIAN
UNIT CODE
UNIT Ob a: M.C-1.2. API-DE-01. CHAPTER 10: FINISHES
AMOUNT
EXECUTED
BEDEC
SOFTWARE
M3
U.S. DETAILED
MODEL
M3
MEASUREMENT
ON SITE
M3
APLAC 10AAL00003 m2
TILES 20CM X 20CM, WITH ADHESIVE. 12.892,54 62,06 63,68 238,32
10CEE00003 m2
RENDERING MORTAR ON WALL 7.562,09 11,79 6,68 5,05
10CGG00008 m2
GYPSUM PLASTER ON WALL 8.963,60 17,99 43,37 51,50
10CGG00007 m2
GYPSUM PLASTER ON CEILING 10.462,25 26,65 49,56 44,46
10CRR00080 m2
MONOCOUCHE RENDERING MORTAR, 10 MM. 19.354,28 69,13 50,95 451,77
STEPS 10PNP00003 m
MARBLE STEP, FOOTPRINT AND RISERS. 1.725,15 5,25 148,02 76,73
10SCS00003 m2
FlLOORING WITH CERAMIC TILES, 40X40CM 3.078,18 6,81 31,92 11,91
10SHS00001 m2
PAVING WITH HYDRAULIC CONCRETE, 40x40cm. BEVELED 3.044,24 6,62 10,93 17,88
10SNR00005 m
VENEER PLINTH OF NATURAL STONE 240,60 0,95 0,08 0,44
10SNW00011 m
MARBLE THRESHOLD 48,09 0,04 0,54 1,12
10SSS00003 m2
CONCRETE FLOOR, 15CM 5.104,50 8,13 43,47 7,40
10STS00020 m2
FLOORING TERRAZZO PAVING, 40X40CM. 13.928,60 91,42 27,75 336,15
10SWW00081 m2
SCREED OF FLOORS WITH BRICKS 41,28 0,13 0,68 8,06
10SWW00100 m
TAPING OF PREFABRICATED CONCRETE VIBRATED 40X20X5CM 920,40 1,52 3,46 5,40
10TET00003 m2
CONTINUOUS CEILING PLASTER PLATES, FIXING WITH RODS. 1.710,99 2,08 2,25 57,33
10TWW00011 m2
CONTINUOUS CEILING WITH PLASTERBOARD PANELS, 10MM. 6.107,08 12,87 164,96 16,79
VARIOUS 10WAA00001 m
ARTIFICIAL STONE WINDOW SILL AND REMATE, 30 CM. 3.560,78 3,22 136,72 186,29
326,68 785,03 1.516,61
CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATED IN M.C-1.2 PROJECT ON FINISHES PHASE BY BUILDING ELEMENT: COMPARISON OF DETAILED MODEL FOR QUANTIFYING,
BEDEC SOFTWARE AND ON-SITE MEASUREMENT.
CONTINUOUS
FLORING
CEILINGS
To al:
TABLE IV. AMOUNT OF C&D WASTE BY TYPE OF WASTE
C&D
Was e
EWL
Code
TYPE OF WASTE
BEDEC
SOFTWARE
M3
U.S. DETAILED
MODEL
M3
MEASUREMENT
ON SITE
M3
15 01 01 CARDBOARD PACKAGING 48,55 50,15 317,96
15 01 02 PLASTIC PACKAGING 0,90 26,63 109,33
15 01 03 WOODEN PACKAGING 127,19 323,25 146,25
15 01 10* HAZARDOUS PACKAGING 0,18 6,71 58,67
15 01 06 MIXED PACKAGING (OTHES) 0,48 4,07 6,34
177,31 410,81 638,54
C&D
Was e
EWL
Code
TYPE OF WASTE
BEDEC
SOFTWARE
M3
U.S. DETAILED
MODEL
M3
MEASUREMENT
ON SITE
M3
01 04 13 STONE QUARRY 0,05 0,10 0,07
10 13 96 CEMENT 0,00 0,00 0,49
17 01 01 CONCRETE 79,47 94,18 573,71
17 01 02 BRICK 0,04 0,17 5,95
17 01 03 CERAMIC MATERIAL 24,13 6,89 3,11
17 01 07 MIX CONCRETE AND CERAMICS 1,16 0,00 116,49
17 02 02 WOOD 0,00 0,06 0,07
17 02 03 PLASTIC 0,01 11,97 5,71
17 04 02 ALUMINUM 0,00 0,03 0,04
17 04 05 IRON AND STEEL 0,00 0,13 0,29
17 05 04 SOIL, SAND & GRAVEL 4,26 11,55 0,00
17 08 02 MATERIAL WITH GYPSUM 40,26 245,44 124,90
17 09 03 MIXES (OTHER) 0,00 3,70 47,22
20 01 01 PAPER 0,00 0,00 0,01
149,37 374,22 878,07
326,68 785,02 1.516,61
CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATED IN M.C-1.2 PROJECT ON FINISHES PHASE
BY TYPE OF WASTE: COMPARISON OF DETAILED MODEL FOR QUANTIFYING,
BEDEC SOFTWARE AND ON-SITE MEASUREMENT.
PACKAGING
TOTAL PACKAGING
REMAINS
TOTAL REMAINS
TOTAL
In he case o packaging was e, acco ding o he De ailed
Model, wood packaging a e he highes alue (410,81m3).
65% o his quan i y co esponds o palle s om window
sills and ma ble s eps. Acco ding o BEDEC, he highes
alue co esponds o wood packaging as well.
Acco ding o on si e da a, 50% o packaging was e
co esponds o ca dboa d packaging, which a e he mos
oluminous: 317,56m3. 47% o his quan i y co esponds o
sacks o adhesi e pas e o cemen and boxes o iles, 29%
co esponds o cemen sacks om he e azzo loo ing, and
8% co esponds o sacks o gypsum o plas e ing.
Rela ed o haza dous packaging, de ia ions ob ained a e
a pe cen dec ease o 874% in he case o he De ailed Model
(6,71m3) and 32,594% in he case o BEDEC (0,18m3),
being 58,67m3 he eal olume gene a ed. This di e ence
has eno mous consequences in he planning o he
managemen o his ype o was e.
Wi h espec o emains da a, acco ding o he De ailed
Model, he quan i y gene a ed is 374,22m3, which is 235%
lowe han he quan i y measu ed on si e (878,07 m3).
Acco ding o BEDEC, he quan i y gene a ed is 326,68m3,
which is 588% lowe han on si e da a.
Acco ding o he De ailed Model, he highes quan i y o
emains co esponds o emains o gypsum ma e ials om
plas e boa d ceiling (161,23m3) and plas e on walls and
ceilings (83,76m3).
Acco ding o on si e da a, he highes quan i y o emains
co esponds o conc e e (66,58%), ollowed by gypsum
(14,31%) and conc e e and ce amic mix emains (13,21%).
These emains a e gene a ed by p e-cleaning o he wo k
a ea and necessa y small demoli ions o i pieces du ing he
wo k.
V. CONCLUSIONS
As can be seen in he discussion o esul s, de ia ions
obse ed be ween da a om on si e measu emen and da a
ob ained using he De ailed Model by Uni e si y o Se ille
o he BEDEC Da abase by ITeC, a e e y high. The
“misma ch” be ween quan i ies ob ained om heo e ical
models and eal quan i ies gene a ed on cons uc ion si es
implies a lack o eliable da a du ing he design s age, which
is needed o plan an op imal C&D was e managemen . This
is a key challenge, especially since he Na ional Dec ee
105/2008, in i s a icle 5.5, equi es o sepa a e C&D was e
in o se en ac ions i ce ain amoun s a e exceeded.
De ia ions be ween heo e ical esul s and eal quan i ies
o was e gene a ed on si e, con i m ha cu en heo e ical
models o quan i ying C&D was e, which a e used as
guidelines o planning C&D was e managemen , mus be
e i ied in cons uc ion si es
Using a model o quan i ying e i ied in cons uc ion
si es, mo e accu a e da a can be handled om ea ly s ages, as
he design p ojec . Iden i ying eal amoun gene a ed o
C&D was e, hei managemen can be imp o ed, educing
hei gene a ion and p omo ing ecycling.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The au ho s a e g a e ul o he Conseje ía de Vi ienda y
O denación del Te i o io de la Jun a de Andalucía
(Depa men o Housing and Spa ial Planning o he
Go e nmen o Andalusia) o subsiding he Resea ch
P ojec ‘‘-CDWs = + ECO-e iciency. Was e Reduc ion in
he Design and Cons uc ion o Dwellings in Andalucia’’, in
which his esea ch opic is inse ed.
To Alban P og amme, High-le el Eu opean Schola chip
P og amme and Scien i ic and Humanis ic De elopmen
Council o he Cen al Uni e si y o Venezuela (CDCH-
UCV), o subsiding he Ph.D hesis “On si e e i ica ion o
heo e ical models o quan i ying C&D was e in buildings”,
implemen ed in o his Resea ch P ojec .
To Emp esa Municipal de Vi ienda de Se illa,
EMVISESA (Se illian Municipal Housing En e p ise), o i s
managemen , echnical and wo k eam o acili a e he on
si e quan i ica ion o RCDs. And inally, he senio s uden s
eam, o his aluable and pa ien collabo a ion.
VII. BIBLIOGRAFY
 Conse je ía de Ob as Públicas y Vi ienda Jun a de
Andalucía. Base de Cos es de la Cons ucción de Andalucía
(BCCA) 2010. h p://www.jun adeandalucia.es
 Hue e, R.; López, J.A.; LLa as, C.; Con adi, E.;
Blandón, B.; Ga cía, A.; Me cade , M.; Ga cía, M.
Ap oximación a un modelo de cons ucción ecoe icien e.
Guía de edi icaciones de p oyec o. p.108. Uni e sidad de
Se illa. Spain, 2003.
 “Ley 10/1998, de 21 de ab il, de Residuos”.
Bole ín O icial del Es ado, Ap il 22, 1998.
 Lla as, C. “A model o quan i ying cons uc ion
was e in p ojec s acco ding o he Eu opean was e lis ”.
Was e Managemen nº 31, pp 1261-1276. ©2011 Else ie
L d. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.023.
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la cons ucción de i iendas. P opues as y e aluación de
p ocedimien os y p esc ipciones pa a su minimización”.
Di ec o : D . Rica do Hue e Fue es. D o. de Cons ucciones
A qui ec ónicas I de la ETSA, Uni e sidad de Se illa.
Spain, 2000.
 Lla as, C.; Hue e, R.; Ramí ez-de-A ellano, A.;
Ga cía, A. “C i e ios pa a la elabo ación de una he amien a
de minimización de esiduos de cons ucción en p oyec os
de i iendas”. pp.816-830. I Jo nadas Nacional de
In es igación en Edi icaciones. E.U. A qui ec u a Técnica
de la Uni e sidad Poli écnica de Mad id. Spain. 2007.
 Lla as Oli e , Ca men; Ramí ez, Lau a Ca olina,
Hue e Fue es, Rica do. “Una ap oximación me odológica a
la e i icación en ob a de la cuan i icación de esiduos de
cons ucción en Andalucía”. Cong eso In e nacional
Edi icación Sos enible Re i alización y ehabili ación de
ba ios om 28 o 30 o Ap il 2010. Mad id, Spain. ISBN
978-84-614-1920-3.
 López Ga cía, Manuel. P oyec o de ejecución,
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VIII. REFERENCES
(1) A summa y o he me hods ound in he las 15 yea s
can be seen in he pape : Lla as Oli e , Ca men;
Ramí ez, Lau a Ca olina, Hue e Fue es, Rica do.
“Una ap oximación me odológica a la e i icación en
ob a de la cuan i icación de esiduos de cons ucción
en Andalucía”. Cong eso In e nacional Edi icación
Sos enible Re i alización y ehabili ación de ba ios
del 28 al 30 de Ab il 2010. Mad id, España. ISBN 978-
84-614-1920-3.
(2) “Real Dec e o 105/2008, de 1 de Feb e o, po el que se
egula la p oducción y ges ión de los esiduos de
cons ucción y demolición”. Bole ín O icial del
Es ado, 13 de eb e o de 2008.
(3) Lla as, C. Tesis Doc o al: “Residuos gene ados en la
cons ucción de i iendas. P opues as y e aluación de
p ocedimien os y p esc ipciones pa a su
minimización”. Di ec o : D . Rica do Hue e Fue es.
D o. de Cons ucciones A qui ec ónicas I de la ETSA,
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(4) h p://www.i ec.es/nouBedec.e/bedec.aspx