""
∗
#!)! " )* B &>'!# #) (# (!# % ("=
3!%!'(0")(!' %%!)(##! &(!<!!#
%%"% % &(A 4%!! %#"&<!!(0 &(!
*#&("#!%##)('"##"##&%#0#!%
#% &)( !#(")(0 ! !%!9 # B! % ( 4& ('"#
#!!# &"%# *!#% >% '( :" &" "
& ># &(! %""#%!9%! %!#
!% %0(#:"#"&#"#*="(#&&###%%#
#)()#%9&!#C!#%9!#*((!?!9)"&%(
%!% !!C 3!%!0#(!?9&#
("=0%!"%%%(&%!(C" (9 !0#!
"('"0#%&"%!9,#)(< :"(C!?#&"!#"%!
"C,:"(('!9( "
%&%!0(<("A(!?*(*=("=0&! ("'0"
*= %(#&!##:"0A"%%# "C# &%#
"(%"(#0 # <" & !% # ( !# #!'( E0
%!)"%#< #"##%"%"#
#!( %#%"!9#=(!%#!((!9<"%(:"4!#%
#"!# B *!*#0 ":" )#%% #!#0 :" <% (#
&")(# )# (# ( %(>%! :" )= # !'# !
)'0(%"(?(!(#%(!99 !0:" >#C
&!""%!(!?!9!(9'!0#"#&"#!#%% 3!%!
("=0 ('"# %!#%("%"C!#%9!:"
#% #0 " "* 3!&% &#% "#%
(!
#?#&#"<!!%#&(("&%0(#CC#C!#%9!#
#"#!% %4&"#%#0% ##"##'# >#'(#0C#*!
&"(%" "(%!%" %!#:"&!# %C")!! &!<!A
('"#%9&!#:"C# A@#;((#&""%9
C<"!((!9% 3!%!("=*%!#)(
&#!)!(! :" #!' C!3( %3 !# &!# % &%0 (
&4! !"#%#=#(#2--;#((('(#"&#(
"*%!%0#%>C!:" 3!%!&? >#&94! :"
"#!!! %#%!!#(!#(%!0
&##B)!%!%3##"'!(&'"%#!(!#"%%
#%#( "(%! !0#!#%%#9("&!!
%="(&")(!(*!#%!9("?0B 85781*!((0#&;
")!%& <%#A# 3( %0 & &4! # !%
&!#!9(<9 (#(!#%("= 3!%!0#
! &#!!)(&(%#(##!'"!%#!%'%#F:"3("=0:"3
3!%!:"3(!##C)(G
)=#!#!0&)*!0:"("=#"!"
C '3!#!(!''><! %C)(0&&(:"#&%#"
*!"(!9 3! # #! C( &:" %( "%
#*!%B( &#!9(#CC#<%0#C)((!'?(#
(!#("= 3!0"((!#:"0%%%*3#
(C!#%! (%"(!04%##?#''><!# &(!#&#
(&)(!9#!%#(#&*!!#("?#C& !0
!0 ( ' (# (!# %!# ( %!%
!$#!<" %( %(#'#&"%#0#)%(<("*!(
*!((0>!?0$"(*>('#"#C!%(# ># #4%!#0(#
:" C %! (# %%# 3!0 !%# :" <" ((#
:") #%#(!%!('!9:"0#!)!!%###
4&%('"#&"%#( !"%(3&(!(0
(<#%"*!)#%% &(% %A#%%( " !
(# (!# #%)(!# 3( 6 #% CC # B ># !%
"0 #&"3# (# !&!# C!#& !## )!(!% (#
(!#(&=#"( 3!
(#%"!(#%%# !(#0(C#;(!% %"
)!" )(#!% )!#%$!#& 3!("=#(
3&(!((#!'(EE%#(%(C!#%!#*!((
!?&C"*!#!9()%((!9%(3'!
&(=#%! !(#("=,*!((>!?,(#!#(%#
( !?!99 !&!%(!#%('!9)#%#&%#;(
9 0 ( <0 ( &(! <"0 & " &% " "# "%!(!?
)>#! % & ( #%((0 :" '!# 3( )%= !'##
%>(!#&")( &(!!9(3!%(C!&B)(!0&%
&%0&(#'"%A#!#*!((#()A!0
:"4&%)#"#&=##( =(#&!%(#" "(#(
%><!!! "C !0&%##'!#0 #
!%# ((# % )!3 ('"# 4%A#0 &"%= (
'!"(%"(*((("(:"!*!?#!"*!#*!((0$"(*0
H?>!?0( !?(#(!*#(#*!;#(<%#)%(
'!"(%"4&%!9
( &3! (# # (!(# #&"3# ( &!0 (
4&%!9&"%#("#<" %( %'!#C! 3!#
" )904&%"&:";#%!##%!")"%!0
'%!#!(0(#4&%!#("?##!% !%! %
C!"&(##%#!#5
( &)( :" #") ( < ( "#%!9 (# (!#
("= 3!#(<!!!9(:"&= #(( ( (:"
(#C'!0#"&"%*!#%#%"%"(!%!(( =
FD"3#!'!<!%"*#% )!&("=#"#(!# 3!G
#!(&!:"*58+2571-&4! %0("=C
#!"'!9&!<3!"!9&!<3!( "!"#%!(!?@"
'!9#!( %'=(&)( ##%"%"(##!)(#
#'# *# (!(#0 <"!( % C)(0 (!9 (#
=#(#&=##"&#$#%(#!'(EE"'!9 #%
C)= &! #)*!*! "# &# ( " (# (!?!#
%!(!#%# #%" ((!? &(!#%0
(#%(((%!"<(!"#%!!%0(&&(:"
A"')("=:"9#"&! !(&%:"##!'(#"*#
&%!# !"#%!(# #"# (!# 3! %!( %!0
("=	"&"&#!!9#!#! !(((#&=### %!#
("*(!?!9!"#%!(<!!
"(:"!!%%*!%(!?(#(!# 3!"%4%#! !(
(# C") & &% #&; "% ( #!'( EE,0 "! ( %!&
(!#%!#58--0#%)(<# #C!C0(#
("= 3! =#"%#0& >#(#&=##
!# C)= = (# # (# &%!# !%(#
)?#&'(%#&"3#(##%#!#:"! &!!(
&%!!&!9 ( &#%( (# %!# &! #0 &3#% # !*#!9
"(:"!!9 % "% <!( #&;,(# #'"
!( !
#0(" )#( ((!(%!'"0&=*!'!% )!3(
&&(:" A"')(##%#9 !#'!(#("# :"C)=
%!)"!#"<"! !%0"#"#(! !%!#%%#&!(#
&%!!&!9(&&( !(('=((#"*#!!#0(#
<"#%#(!# 3!#""*"%!(!?!9&## !#
&%##%# >#*%!#C!(!%! :"C! (&&! 3!
%!(! )!(!!(!%(%"( 3! ?=#4"#&(
)<!!#" !%#0:"&=#)A%4&(%!9#=
!# 0# )!#&"A#%! &#&! ("'0 #C
#;(0"%(#!'(EE#&"A!("#!#!%%#*!%(!?(
%!'" ((!( !0%#34!#&"3#B0&
" >#%%"*("'(%" !((&3!(#B(%! ##%#
(! &!(!(0&#!%%#&&%(#> # !
!'"((0I("= 3!"&#&%!*C!#%9!I0< !9 !(#&;(0B J570!0
?05782
%!*(#!% )!#0#! &"#("(!%A"'(#
"*# &%#( (!% #('"#A &(#
#(!#!#&(:"%*#)#&;(#&! #3#(#!'(0
(#;#*!%!)%#!9&#*!((0!"
:"C &!%(!? % ( '!9 ( *!"(!9 3! ># :"
!'"%0(&! (##%# !#&#!)!(!()!9(
4&#!!9) !57+70:"&#%9"&!9&*C&
(#%! )!(!!(!":"0%(&((!':"=((
&(!%"! !*0'?9 &(!#<!(!#&"%!(!?%#
(#"###"(0!("!#(#<#&B)(!#0&#&%!(
%! !%%#()!#("%"!%!(#'
)(#&%"!# !(#(%! !%"!(#!(B!
! #!9()<!!&( !#%((! )'!%#
%(CC0&:"#*(*>3( >#%0:":"((4&#!!9
<"'!?#&(#((!(%! !0')!&%#
#! #" %%(! & #*# !%"# & &)( # 9 !#
'*=#! #
%(0#!9%!%""#%0#&"#A"'
(*%(%*!% ! >#!)(#(!# 3!
#%3&))% !"#%'"!*!(#!#&=%
#"3'! "#&(!(9'!0#&#!)()#C!#%9!
((0%%###0#!!9! &"(#(##%"!#C!#%! 3!
)"#)"! ' 3!0$!#& 3!0(:"#&"!
!#& " &% "? (!'!#0 4(%!9 C3#
"!((## # " ! &!0 <" (# :"!#%#
%!!(#0%(('#! !(!%"(&&(A"'&(#<!##(
'"#)"#)% )!3"C!#%!(:"#&"!4(%(
#&=!%"!(<%%#&=##(!(#"�#(%(%!'"
&#!#&;(?##&"3#&!#
%%# !#&%#&")!#)A%!*#<"9*!((,%
*?*!((,0"%#%"!##&!(!?(C!#%! 3!0#)
!%#%= !#)##:"4!#%=(!"0 (#%!%"%$!#&,
") &%! & <( ?>(? )" ( #"( #%"!#
$!#& !# #% %"* ("'0 & ;!"0 % " #A
"&!*#%!'!#!%=<!#(&"#!#C)=CC<"%
( !# (=0%(#&(# !# #&##!C%0#9
&#;# >#%("!*#!$!#&(#(#!9$!#%!
3!0"(##B!#:"C4!#%!(&=#@A"%(!0
C#%C&#;#
"(&%&*!#%0(C!#%! 3!:"#CCC
#%"!#&;0((C%!#"&%#&#)!(!*!((0C
#!%)( %&!(0C!#&!<=(!04(%(&&("(%"(#%((
(#(( # *(# %!!(#0 (# (!'!## &! %3 !0 C
(*!%# &%#(!#( &(A! !$"('
! :" # C %% #! 4("#!* % " C!#%! (!(0
#&"&(3&% &> "#%('(!(
(#%!!(!#%#%C!#%!0##!'!<!%!*:""578.0"
!!#*#*!((0&%*?(#!%##!%##%#(
)"'"#= ((0 # C () " )% % !!#%# ("#
#)(&%"!(#%3 !#C!#&0!)(%! 3!##%"
*!A%!!(9'!)"&%(#&###&;(##("'
(##&!(!#%# 3!04%!('&B)(!0:"C?(%3 !
";&! !#(#!'(EE&A"#%!<!#"&#!
3! %( %!%" C#!#!%"# " % !(9'! %
(!(!#% (:"!#("C&! &(0#)%0
("%:"0A"#%!<!!A"#%!<! %0(%3 ! 3!%!C
#! &% & (# C)!%%# :"((# &=##0 # ! &"# (
3!(:"C#)#"#!#%!#
#%# ## !%# A &(!<! < ( ( #!'!<! !% (
*="(4!#%%% 3!%!("=#%#!'(C#!(
B!0#!%"%&%(3(#;#*!%(&B)(!
C") % )!3 <"%=<# %%# "(%"(#0 (!%!#0 %%(#0 "#!(#
% )!3C!#%!'><!#0"#<%#((')& &(%(#
'*#%! !%#('"!*!(! )'0C!(!%!(&=#0
% !9! &!3#(#%!(!?%((*)#&"3#(#;#
"%
# (# )!# #!(# 9 !# !# %"*! "
#"!(9'!#) 3!%!(&((! !%(
&)(!9( CC :" #(#!'(C #! % !##%#
")#(#)>#! %!%##(#(!# 3!0C&*
"<%"(%"(! &%%#&#!)(% !#"(0":"#>
"!%#%*!'"(0&('#! !%(A"%(
(!(%! !&( ! # = (&)(!9("?#
(%=#! $#%%%!#&' #%##"<!!%#)##" &(!
"#%0%= !###%!#%!%##%#(&)(!9*(:"
"C#("#0&))( %(! # =K%!" >#:"*'
! !%(''<=(!*#!"(%"(0&)(!(&(=%!
3!%!!:"%!:"(('!9( "0C!#%9! %
%*!"(#%#0#)#0 #&(C!#%!:"#C
()(#B(%! #;#0"! ' "(!#%&%!%(
&!(((':"!#%#%((0A"%('"#&!(#(#
%! !%#%"(#>%! %0&#%*!"!9
) 3! :" # # C *! ! "#%# =#0 :" *
&!# % !&(!#%'*!"(%"(4!#%%
#"&"#%#%%"! '#!& &(%A((!&&"(
(%! !0&#((% )!:"#%>&#%#%!(#
!# "!!96#"#!##"((C)#()
"%;#"C!#%! 3!#!( %#((#&;(0#
# "(%!%" &%# C!#&>!# (# #!#
(%! !#60(:"# >#!%#%0(#!%!#" !(
&# !(!!C!#%9!0#!:"0&('(0(#2--
;# # #!'" &(% %3 !# 3%!#0 "(&)!(! !!
#&;(#(%%(#&)(!#!='#
#&((#!'!<!%!*:"*!((0(("':" >#C"%!(!?(! '
3!("=0("'! !%%( 3(###0(<!(
!!#&>%! %"<!'"&#!%(:"#(!'"(:"!
&#!&B)(!:"#9( "!% %0 %!*(.--!*#!
#" "%0C!)!"C A#"(!'!#&=#%
< %%>#('"!:"#"##!%#!%!9(&#(!?
#%(((:"#<!(%%:"#)(#!='#0:"
"##%(<(#! ' 3!#"(!?!9#%"!(#
B(%! #!#0:"%%C!#!#%!(#)<!!#(!'!##"(%"(#
:"0'(&%(##%((#(#"(%"#)='#
#%&!(:"C)( #0((!&&"((%! !C(('
&('('%!%#<((9!#0< &( 0&A &(0
(! %'<=0#!%"('B%% 4! ( )!%
%=&! ("? %*3#( " (# %#0 %!!9 :" # %!
!'%!%#&=##(%! !#
>#!)&'"%>) #F:"3 3!%!#(:"C%!(!#
("=G%%""#%!9<" %("#&(%(#
(!#("=(4%!":"I(4%!I#% &0
("=0"%C '3, 3!#("'(#,#
!!<% :" (# (!# # #%)(? "# #%# #!(#0
9 !#&(=%!#(4%!%#
# &! ("' :" 3! %! # " '!9 ( "
(!?&! %&#&;%"'(#(#!'(E0 >#%0
&'(%0#%#!#%#&=##!%(#!"#%!(!?#(#
#!'(#EEEE 3!%!0 %#( "0#">(:"#
C&*CC#%(= !%#!<=!( %! '!)(#&"!""&0
( !0 ( !"#%! (# <!?# !%(# " %( &(=%! #"
!!9 9 ! C #! &#!)(# '!# ( ()!9 (#
!%##4%A!?%##%#(!'>:"!#(##&%!*#!#
:"(%!%#%##%##!(#0 !#('><!4&#!9
I*&%!#I('"#(#&=##(%! !#&##"
' =(#!:"?#!(#0C<!?#"&&!# %
'!# %( ()!9 ( & :" (# C &#% (# !%##
4%A# % ((#0 # ## '% 4% %
&"&0#)%&=##<"%#!&)(!9!='0
(## !#!<=!(#!!#9 !#,&# #(#&=##
( #", *! ("C & A #" #!%"!9 #!(0 9 !
&(=%!
!&#&;0!' #&("=0(#(!#9 !#
3!%!<"&! &%%#(#B(%! #!%!"%;#0&
(#&=##(%! !#(&##"(!9#&;0 >#B(
'!9("?<"0%3 !# &%!*#0 "C=#! "#(!#
4%!# C #% )" % !# & (# 4&%!#
&"%# '&"!# !# (# !#%!%# !# !%(#
!"#%!(!?#0&()#!9<)"(##&3#% ##%#B(%! #
"#!!#!%!!#0&I#(*I#"#!<=!(#!!#9 !#
#(9'!0##%#!"#%!#0:"("=#!'!<!:"&&(#
'# ##&)(!9(%! !#(#&=## =)(0
(%!*(%'!#%"!9#"#(## !#0(#!#%!%#
)"'"#=#!(#0( )("=&":"!('0&&
"C## !((#� &#!#)#0"#%(!
'!(&#%%( %#&!)!#%&#&%!*)=#%!
"%C0"%%#4&(%(! '(&4! !9(##
"#
)#%%0 ":" 3)!(#0 # C &"! (!# 9 !#
('"#&=## 3!,#(*(&9A!#"))A(3'!
,0 (# #%# ( ! 4%! :" < ) &% (#
(!':"=# !%#:"((#&=##0<" %( %(# (#%
%(>%! '%!0 #!(0 ?"( (# &=## ( !) % *=
%% C #!#%! " !'!9 4#!* % " # (
'!9("?C! 3!60&B(%! 0!' #:"(&(!(9'!
<!!3#(#B(%! #!"%;#0(#!%(%"(#(%! !#
:"C*!#!%&<#!( %("=C#!C!#%!#,#(*(#
:"(CCC&!*#%!'(C!*((#!#,&%#
& %"(0 (# #%# ># #*# #"# #&%!*#
&=##0:"#!%!?(&%(! '#!( %C!#&>!
3!:":"=#C<!
C)!0(#B(%! #!?:"!;##&;0'(0("=
((0C! %#"#(!#9 !# 3!%!('#(%
(#!% )!# !(# ?9&#(3(#;#
#%%0 " # 	 28 --- !((# &#%# ( *( (#
! &%!#4&%!#0+-8--- !((#5718281---578+
#%#!<##<!(A"%!(*!# &##("?#C
&%!!& #% !% )! !(0 ":" C :" ( % :"
4!#%%##''#&#%#%%(#+ A &("(#
&## >#! &%%#('!9("?(!9 3!%!0
& #!%(#(#*!(()'0! %A#(3%!#
$:"( %:"4!#%!<##''##)<("A !(0( #0:"#(# !# ##
!<!!($:"#;(:"!#!:"!#&!(!#%# =:"&%!!&(H#%"!#"#
#)I("= 3!#&%#C!#%9!#(!9 !&#%0(#<!(!%
#!<#%!#!!:"(#B(%! #;##C !<!( %
(%!(#*="(#9 !#:"#*= %!#(
#!'(EE0%%##"!#0!C )!C! &(!&!!&!0
" &(!!*#!<!!9(#(!#"(:"!(#&%#:"
:"! #!# !% )!# !(# &%!!&!9 )!0
!*#!# !%# &!%( &!* !*#!9 &!%( &B)(!0 #&;
%! C %%#0 (9'! % !*# ! &%! #!'0 (
=(#&=##(>(%! !
%3 !#'(#0#&"<! :"0&:";#(0#&;C
? <"! & 3! %! ( #% (# &=##
!%(#0 #% #0 ! &% )>#! % %!# &! # *!
%('=' !04&%&!%( "<%"##%#
&=## #4&%%!*#)<!!#CC0#&;< &%(
'"&#(<)"(#"4%!(%! !" !
&&!(#"! &%!(%!* &=#J--- !((#9(#"
%%( /1- --- !((# :" (? ( " #% #" !%# (#
#%#9 !##&;(#&%!!&"&!9 3!%!
"'!9I*=##((I##!'!<!%!*:""!!'%(
&;=#&;('"#3!%#(4&%!9(!C="
>(!#!#(( 3 #((!)(0 (&)( ( " 4%(%! !
#(9&%!(&%(I#((I:"((#&=##0"#
C;###):"!C (&!9#"*("!99 !C
<#%" %/ 3!%!0( (#((!#%! &(%
#(#;#!"%&(##%#!##!'"!9 >#:"%"
>%! %(##!'"(#9 !##!(#%!)"9(
(&##!%"!9&(:"%*!#(%!%
%#< #0(" )&%&( =#&;((!9
3!%!#)#("%#&%0#!#%!"%(*("!9
#"&%"!#!9#&%( =!%(0:"##%>
%""#%#=#:"0(<"%"0&"! %#<
B >#%)(6#:"&%:"(#!'!<!"#%#(!#
&"!#!#%!%0##%#!"#%!#0&% &#&"A
! :"0 "C# #!#0 !C# *="(# #%> %!)" (
%! !% #!%"!# #!(# 9 !# !<=!(# %!%
(%! !
##%%4%(#"'! !%(#(!#9 !# 3!
%!0(#:"&%!!&("=0(:"#"'0< ! &%"#0(
%! ( #")! !% " <% &%!"( % ! &%%
"#%'!96#":"0 >#((>"(#! &( %9 !0
#� ( !9 ( :" # #!'" (( (
H#3'%(=0I!#!# "!(#(*!"&#&%!*&(=&%!I0("= 3!%#
(#H ##%"!#("#0*!((0578.0&&+-/,+5+
#")! !%!%<(%##!)!(!0&% !#"#%!#C
:"!!(##'#"*<9 #!(9'!0%#(#
! #!# 9 !#0 &(=%!#0 "(%"(#0 %0 " #! (
"#%#"(%CC!<=!(!!!" %!#)(<9 )!
&!# %( &(A!#"(0#"#! &(!!#&"#!#
D"!?>#(&! :"#&(!%%&4! #3(#('&("(!
#%#!#%!##!(#:"#C *!(!?0%!BC!3(0
(A"(()!9!#%!%"!#&(=%!#%#(#> )!%#(#%
0% %0(# "!#"%9 !#,#9((("?,0
"% !%#0!#%!%"!##!(#0%#0"(%"(#09 !#0%0
%#(#&*!!#("=0( #"&#!&%!!&!9(
()!9(%!#(=:"('B#%#!(#"'
'!?<!#0*"& !4!'!:"#"%
3(0"#(#%:"! ( %#'((@#%#A &(#
('!#(?"%#&!##&!%!"#!%<"!"#%#
=#%('!9!=#:"#C#%"<!)'(:" "*
"(%!%"#%#!%%I&(%I(%!0"%!(!?"
4&#!9(:"!(F:"3<!GFD"3#&%)%G%!
<(4!9)(!'%#%< %!?
" ( 4!#%0 % (# !# !!!%!*#0 ('"# >%
9 ! )A%!*# 4%# <%!* % C #%# 9 !#
("#:"&%!!&(! !%(#(!# !#
:" #&! * &(! #" &! 4&% 3! %!0
&*C &(%< ! &"(#( !9#!<=!(&!#
:"3#%# &##&"%4&%%!*#?)(##'"!
%((##%>(#( &##*!(()'##!% >%!:"#
#"&#!%0H*!A" 0:"!C#!('!% )!3&#!%(
'"& &#!(:"#C'!?*!((( )((")7+0
&! &"(##"#!%##(%! )A%!*##"(:"
!C(")&%!!&0 >#)'0"'"&! &%%#)#
*!##%# &###%"%#0%%#
C)!0(#!%"!9 3!%!%&(?0:"!?>#%%0
C&*:"#"&! &(4%!* " %
%)( % &)#)(4&%!9"%# &##("?#
#&!(((=#"#&"%#%&%0 C#!&*!#%&
4&%#0(&94! !&!9#&;( B"&&=
!<!0('"### ! &%%0"#%&#!!9(
! 4%!0 *%"(# <%# '%!*# #) ( = (
'!9% %0&A &(0#(#(! &%!9<*!0
'##*'%(#)%#:"&"! &%!(#%#&!%
"#% =0":"%#< ##B&%&&*%#(#
#"!##%"*"%"
0 % &%0 # #9( (# #%# &## #&!!#
4&%#(#:"##%> *!(!?)%*!((0!":"