1s Con e ence on S uc u al Dynamics (DinEs 2018)
Mad id, 20-21 June
SHAKING TABLE TESTING ON SEISMIC POUNDING OF A RC
BUILDING STRUCTURE
A. Kha azian*, F. López Almansa*, A. Bena en Climen †, A. Gallego‡
* Uni e sidad Poli écnica de Ca aluña
08034 Ba celona
e-mail: ali eza.kha [email protected]
ORCID: 0000-0003-2691-8875
† Uni e sidad Poli écnica de Mad id
28006 Mad id
‡ Uni e sidad de G anada
18071 G anada
Abs ac . This pape desc ibes unidi ec ional shaking able es s on seismic pounding o a 3-
D RC building s uc u e. Two inpu s we e conside ed: a seismic accele og am and a ha monic
wa e. The es ed specimen is a one-and-a-hal -s o y 2/5 scaled po ion o a RC building
s uc u e consis ing o wa le slabs and columns. The ins umen a ion consis ed o s ain
gauges, displacemen ansduce s, acous ic emission ecei e s, accele ome e s and ideo
eco ding came as. The expe imen s a e simula ed wi h SeismoS uc by using linea elemen s
wi h concen a ed plas ici y; pounding is desc ibed wi h a concen a ed Kel in-Voig model.
The ini ial a e - es obse a ions showed some damage in he columns.
Key wo ds: Shaking-Table Tes ; Seismic Pounding; RC Building S uc u e; Tes Simula ion.
1 INTRODUCTION
Impac be ween con iguous buildings
unde s ong seismic e en s is a ele an issue
since he huge o ces ha a e gene a ed
du ing he collision signi ican ly a ec he
dynamic beha io o he pounding buildings.
On some occasions, he e ec o impac
migh be bene icial, mainly in e ms o in e -
s o y d i ; con e sely, in many o he
si ua ions, pounding is de imen al,
pa icula ly in e ms o absolu e accele a ion.
Collapses and s uc u al and nons uc u al
damage o buildings due o seismic pounding
ha e been epo ed. Al hough such collision
can be a oided by adequa ely sepa a ing he
in ol ed buildings, and his gap is ou inely
equi ed by he design codes, impac can
anyway occu because o se e al easons:
some imes code p esc ip ions a e no ul illed,
some pas codes did no oblige any such
sepa a ion, and he seismici y can be
unde es ima ed. The e o e, seismic pounding
o buildings is some hing o be aken in o
conside a ion.
Collision be ween adjoining buildings can
be classi ied in o wo ca ego ies: slab- o-slab
and slab- o-column (o slab- o-wall) impac ;
hey co espond o aligned and unaligned
slabs, espec i ely. The second ype is by a
mo e dange ous, since he impac o a igid
and massi e slab on a column (o e en on a
wall) is mos likely o lead o collapse. On he
o he hand, he i s ype is no ee o dange ,
and is conside ably mo e equen , since
adjoining buildings wi h unaligned slabs a e
egula ly a oided. Mo eo e , he nume ical
simula ion o slab- o-slab impac is highly
A. Kha azian, F. López Almansa, A. Bena en Climen , A. Gallego
challenging. Thus, his s udy ocuses on
seismic pounding o adjoining buildings wi h
aligned slabs.
As ou lined in he p e ious pa ag aph,
collision be ween wo building slabs is a
complex phenomenon, because i in ol es
s ess a eling wa es, high- equency
beha io , and signi ican local e ec s [1].
Al hough a numbe o pounding es s ha e
been epo ed, hey p o ide only limi ed
in o ma ion. The e o e, he e is a s ong need
o addi ional es ing. This esea ch is
o ien ed o ul il his necessi y.
2 EXPERIMENTS DESCRIPTION
This sec ion desc ibes he conduc ed es s.
They consis in exci ing he specimen in a
single ho izon al di ec ion wi h a shaking
able; as a esul , he es ed s uc u e collides
agains a igid s eel s uc u e.
Nex ou subsec ions deal wi h he
labo a o y, he RC s uc u e, he senso s, and
he shaking accele og ams, espec i ely.
2.1 Tes ing acili y
The expe imen s we e ca ied ou on 26
Janua y 2018 a he S uc u al Dynamics
labo a o y, Uni e si y o G anada. These
acili ies a e equipped wi h an uniaxial MTS
shaking able; he able size is 3 m × 3 m.
2.2 Tes ed specimen
The es ed specimen [2] co esponds o a
po ion o a RC building s uc u e wi h wa le
slabs; his s uc u e is scaled wi h a ac o 2/5.
The s uc u e was i s designed o suppo
only g a i y loads; he li e load is 2 kN/m2
o he loo s and 1 kN/m2 o he oo . The
cha ac e is ic alue o he conc e e
comp essi e s eng h is ck = 25 MPa and s eel
yield poin is yk =500 MPa. The wa le la
pla es ha e a cons an dep h o 0.35 m, and
he bo om pa consis s o a egula pa e n o
oids o ming an o hogonal g id o 7 cm
wide ibs sepa a ed 83 cm, and a solid zone
a ound he columns. The c oss sec ion o he
columns is 30 cm × 30 cm.
The es ed po ion consis s o a ec angula
ac ion o he i s loo slab (3.65 m × 3.02
m) oge he wi h h ee columns o he i s
loo (1.4 m high) and a segmen (0.49 m
high) o he second loo h ee ones. The
a o emen ioned i s s o y columns a e
clamped o he able, and he second s o y
ones a e hinged o a igid s eel ex e nal
subs uc u e. S eel blocks a e a ached a he
op o he slab and a he op o hal -columns
o he second s o y o ep esen he g a i y
loads and o sa is y simili ude equi emen s
be ween p o o ype and es model. The weigh
o he es specimen (including he addi ional
masses bu excluding he ounda ion) was
109.1 kN. The slab pounded agains a igid
s eel bu e s op, being connec ed o a highly
s i s eel s uc u e; he ini ial sepa a ion (gap)
was 20 mm.
Figu e 1 displays an image and a ske ch o
he es ed specimen.
2.3 Ins umen a ion
The es specimen was ins umen ed wi h
s ain gauges, displacemen ansduce s
(LVDTs and lase ), acous ic emission
ecei e s, accele ome e s and ideo eco ding
came as. The s ain gauges we e connec ed o
he longi udinal ein o cemen ba s o he slab
and o he segmen s o he columns ha a e
igh unde he slab. The displacemen and
accele a ion ansduce s gaged he slab
ho izon al longi udinal mo ion. The acous ic
senso s measu ed he conc e e damage. Da a
we e acqui ed con inuously wi h a scan
equency o 200 Hz.
2.4 Seismic inpu s
Two inpu s we e conside ed: (i) he SW
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A. Kha azian, F. López Almansa, A. Bena en Climen , A. Gallego
componen o he Cali i eco d o he I pinia
ea hquake (23 No embe 1980), and (ii) a
ha monic wa e wi h 1 Hz pe iod. Bo h inpu s
we e scaled wi h di e en ac o s o gene a e
pounding, while limi ing he damage on he
specimen. Figu e 2 displays he Cali i
accele og am.
Figu e 1: Tes ed RC building s uc u e
Figu e 2: Scaled seismic accele og am
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A. Kha azian, F. López Almansa, A. Bena en Climen , A. Gallego
(a) Displacemen
(b) Accele a ion
Figu e 3: P elimina y expe imen al esul s o he slab ime-his o y
3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Figu e 3 displays p elimina y expe imen al
esul s; Figu es 3.a and 3.b co espond o he
slab displacemen and he accele a ion,
espec i ely. No iceably, he huge peaks in
he accele a ion co espond o he impac
ins an s.
4 NUMERICAL SIMULATION
The expe imen s a e simula ed wi h
SeismoS uc [3] by using concen a ed
plas ici y. Pounding is desc ibed wi h a
Kel in-Voig model [4].
5 CONCLUSIONS
This pape desc ibes seismic pounding
es s on a labo a o y RC building s uc u e
wi h wa le slabs. Expe imen s a e simula ed
wi h SeismoS uc and pounding is desc ibed
wi h a Kel in-Voig model. Ini ial a e es
obse a ions showed damage in he columns.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This esea ch wo k was unded by he
Spanish Go e nmen (Minis e io de
Economía y Compe i idad) unde p ojec s
BIA2014-60093-R and CGL2015-6591 and
by he Eu opean Union (FEDR).
REFERENCES
[1] Kha azian A, Lopez-Almansa F. (2017).
S a e-o - he-a o esea ch on seismic
pounding be ween buildings wi h aligned
slabs. A chi es o Compu a ional Me hods
in Enginee ing. doi.o g/10.1007/s11831-
017-9242-3.
[2] Bena en ‐Climen A, Donai e‐Á ila J,
Oli e ‐Sáiz E. (2018). Seismic
pe o mance and damage e alua ion o a
wa le‐ la pla e s uc u e wi h hys e e ic
dampe s h ough shake‐ able es s.
Ea hquake Enginee ing & S uc u al
Dynamics, 47(5):1250-1269.
[3] SeismoSo . (2017). A compu e p og am
o s a ic and dynamic nonlinea analysis
o amed s uc u es. A ailable om URL
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A. Kha azian, F. López Almansa, A. Bena en Climen , A. Gallego
www.Seismoso .com.
[4] Kha azian A. (2017). Analysis o seismic
pounding o mode a e heigh RC
buildings wi h aligned slabs. Doc o al
Disse a ion, Technical Uni e si y o
Ca alonia.
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