RESOLVD: ICT services and energy storage for increasing renewable hosting capacity in LV distribution grids

RESOLVD: ICT se ices and ene gy s o age o inc easing enewable hos ing capaci y in LV dis ibu ion g ids And eas Sumpe , Pau Plana-Olle, F ancesc Gi bau-Llis uella, F ancisco Diaz-Gonzalez Cen e d’Inno ació Tecnològica en Con e ido s Es à ics i Accionamen s (CITCEA-UPC), Depa amen d’Enginye ia Elèc ica, Uni e si a Poli ècnica de Ca alunya. ETS d’Enginye ia Indus ial de Ba celona, A . Diagonal, 647, Pl. 2. 08028 Ba celona, Spain. and eas.sumpe @upc.edu Sanke Pu anik Sma Inno a ion No way Håkon Melbe gs ei 16, 1783 Halden, No way sanke .pu anik@sma inno a ionno wa y.com Isido os Kokos In acom Telecom 19.7 km Ma kopoulou A e., Peania, GR 19002, G eece isik@in acom- elecom.com Joaquim Meléndez i F igola Dep . EEEA / IIiA Uni e si a de Gi ona c/Uni e si a de Gi ona, 6. 17003 Gi ona, Spain [email protected] Luisa Candido Es abanell Dis ibució c/ Rec, 28 - 08401 G anolle s, Spain lcandido@es abanell.ca Abs ac — This a icle p esen s he H2020 p ojec RESOLVD (Renewable Pene a ion Le e ed by E icien Low Vol age Dis ibu ion G ids). The pu pose o his p ojec is o imp o e he e iciency o dis ibu ion ne wo ks a he same ime while inc easing he hos ing capaci y o dis ibu ed enewable gene a ion by in oducing lexibili y by s o age managemen and con ol in he low ol age g id. This pape collec s he mos signi ican insigh s om he RESOLVD p ojec by summa izing he needs and expec a ions o he in ol ed s akeholde s o gi e a comple e unde s anding o he con ex o he p ojec . Subsequen ly, he RESOLVD echnology is p esen ed, bo h he so wa e as well as he ha dwa e solu ions. Nex , he exis ing and upcoming egula ion ini ia i es a e p esen ed and analyzed. Finally, he conclusions o he p ojec and ecommenda ions o s anda dizing and egula o y bodies a e p o ided. Keywo ds—Sma G id, ICT, Clean Ene gy Package, Regula ion and S anda diza ion I. I NTRODUCTION RESOLVD H2020 is a Eu opean Union- unded esea ch and inno a ion ac ion consis ing o a conso ium o se en pa ne s om Spain, G eece, Aus ia, No way and Slo enia coo dina ed by he Uni e si a de Gi ona [1]. The main objec i e o RESOLVD is o imp o e he e iciency o dis ibu ion ne wo ks and o inc ease he hos ing capaci y in a con ex o highly dis ibu ed enewable gene a ion scena io by in oducing lexibili y and con ol in he low ol age g id. The main poin s o esea ch and inno a ion o his p ojec a e [2]: •a powe elec onics de ice (PED) wi h in eg a ed s o age managemen capabili ies based on inno a i e echniques •cos -e ec i e phaso measu emen uni s (PMUs) o enhanced obse abili y o low ol age g ids •sho - e m o ecas ing algo i hms p edic ing demand and local enewable gene a ion •imp o ed obse abili y and imp o ed ene gy con ol, h ough powe elec onics, •an imp o ed g id moni o ing o he low ol age wi h (local) wide a ea moni o ing sys em (WAMS) capabili ies. I enables he de ec ion and o ecas o c i ical episodes and he scheduling o op imal g id con igu a ion and ene gy managemen h ough he e ogeneous s o age elemen s. These de eloped RESOLVD ools a e in eg a ed wi h he dis ibu ion ope a o legacy sys ems (SCADA, AMI, MDMS, e c.) in secu e and sa e condi ions. This sys em is being alida ed in he pilo g id owned by he p ojec pa ne Es abanell Dis ibució, Spain, un il he end o he p ojec in 2021. The pilo g id consis s o wo in e connec ed seconda y low ol age subs a ions wi h p osume s ha ing pho o ol aic ins alla ions. II. N EEDS AND EXPECTATIONS FROM INVOLVED SECTORS A. S akeholde iden i ica ion Dis ibu ion ne wo ks we e ini ially designed o anspo elec ici y unidi ec ionally, om gene a ion (which can be scheduled wi h high p edic abili y) h ough he ansmission g id o “passi e” cus ome s. In oduc ion o dis ibu ed gene a ion (DG) in he dis ibu ion ne wo k has led o a signi ican impac on he powe low and consequen ly, in he ol age (quali y o supply) and cu en (conges ion) condi ions, which a ec s a ious pa s o he u ili y/consume equipmen and p o ec ion de ices. To cope wi h challenges a ising om DG, new solu ions a e being de eloped unde he umb ella o sma g id echnologies. DG, oge he wi h dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces like elec ic ehicles (EV) and ene gy s o age echnologies ha e led o he eme gence o new s akeholde s in he ene gy domain, which can also be called new ma ke ac o s. P osume s, agg ega o s, and cha ge poin ope a o s a e ew such new s akeholde s. Ene gy ansi ion has i s challenges and is ede ining he oles o di e en s akeholde s. To add ess he challenges which come wi h he ene gy ansi ion, needs and expec a ions o a ious s akeholde s ha e o be eassessed. This shall 978-1-5386-0517-2/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE p o ide c i ical insigh s in o wha echnologies would be equi ed in he ma ke in he nea u u e. Table I is lis ing he iden i ied s akeholde s o he solu ion add essed in he RESOLVD p ojec . Mo e de ailed in o ma ion on he s akeholde analysis can be ound in [3, 4]. TABLE I. L IST OF IDENTIFIED S TAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR NEEDS S akeholde Needs P osume s •Highe in eg a ion o sel -gene a ed elec ici y •Be e in o ma ion o making decisions on in es men s in enewables •Lowe elec ici y p ice/g id a i Dis ibu ions sys em ope a o s (DSO) •High- esolu ion g id moni o ing •Be e g id managemen o imp o ed eliabili y and powe quali y •Reducing losses •Delaying upg ade in es men s •Imp o ed cybe secu i y measu es Balancing Responsible Pa ies (BRPs) •Minimize imbalances Agg ega o s •Capi alize on lexibili y •Be e demand and gene a ion o ecas ing •New ma ke s and ma ke ac o s o p o ide p oduc s and se ices. Re aile s •Be e p edic ions o making low- isk ading decisions Dis ibu ed gene a ion owne s •Imp o ed in eg a ion o local ene gy p oduc ion o inc ease p o i abili y Ene gy communi ies •Inc eased consump ion om local ene gy esou ces •Imp o ed g id eliabili y •Economic bene i s om lexibili y •Possibly lowe elec ici y p ice/g id a i Building ope a o s, mic og id ope a o s, and indus ies •Inc eased a ac i eness h ough g een p o iling and inno a i e ene gy solu ions •Possibili y o ade ene gy lexibili y asse s •Be e in o ma ion o making decisions on in es men s in enewables •E icien managemen o acili ies - educed elec ici y cos s Cha ge poin ope a o s / Cha ge poin owne s (CPO) •Lowe peaks esul ing in lowe connec ion cha ges •Lowe ene gy cos s •Be e managemen o lexibili y a ailable om EVs Supplie s (ha dwa e, so wa e, ICT in as uc u es) •Capi alize on new echnologies ela ed o s o age, and ICT in as uc u es •Gain a compe i i e edge in he ma ke wi h no el echnologies in hei po olio Ba e y manu ac u e s/sup plie s •Inc ease ba e y sales T ansmission sys em ope a o s (TSO) •Be e g id managemen / eliabili y •Recei e balancing se ices a lowe cos B. S akeholde in e iews To u he consolida e indings om s akeholde analysis, ace- o- ace and elephonic in e iews ha e been conduc ed wi h indus y expe s and membe s om GEODE associa ion. GEODE membe s comp ise o independen dis ibu ion companies o gas and elec ici y ep esen ing mo e han 1200 companies in 15 coun ies all e e Eu ope, bo h p i a e and public owned. Toge he hey supply a popula ion o app oxima ely 100 million people in he EU and ep esen in luen ial oices o medium and small DSOs ac oss Eu ope [5]. GEODE was a ge ed o in e iews because DSOs a e p ime bene icia ies o RESOLVD p ojec . GEODE was a ge ed o in e iews because DSOs a e p ime bene icia ies o RESOLVD p ojec . In e iews aimed o unde s and he iewpoin om he in luen ial s akeholde s abou issues add essed by RESOLVD and ma ke pe spec i es on he p ojec ou comes. In e iew ques ions we e amed o collec iewpoin s o indus y expe s on nex -gene a ion echnologies (bo h ha dwa e and so wa e), which would be needed o e icien ope a ions o u u e sma g id. The scope o hese ques ions was limi ed o imp o ing he hos ing capaci y o he dis ibu ion g id. The ques ions ocus on h ee aspec s: (1) cu en and u u e challenges o DSOs unde DG, (2) iden i ica ion and alida ion o alue p oposi ions ega ding ad anced dis ibu ion managemen so wa e ools, highe dis ibu ion g id isibili y, no el powe elec onics o mul iple s o age managemen , and (3) how expe s pe cei e he ole o DSOs in u u e sma g ids. In o al, 7 i e iews we e conduc ed, which consis ed o high-le el indus y expe s om di e en s akeholde classes. In e iewees ep esen ed DSOs, egula o y bodies, and s o age solu ion p o ide s. No way, Finland, Aus ia, and Ge many we e he geog aphic loca ions whe e hese s akeholde s a e loca ed. C. Key ou comes o he in e iews The ollowing lis summa izes he conclusions has been d awn om he in e iew [4]: •A gene al ag eemen is ha solu ions o manage LV g id ac i ely a e equi ed, bu when such solu ions a e needed depends upon DG pene a ion in a coun y as well as how much in es men s ha e al eady been done on g id upg ades. •Nex , in es men s a e expec ed o happen a medium ol age (MV) le el. In gene al, a end is being obse ed in inc eased cos s associa ed wi h elec ici y dis ibu ion and ansmission. Ru al a eas whe e g id connec ions a e weake would equi e sma g id echnologies i s . •Capi al expendi u e iendly egula ion, as opposed o ope a ional expendi u e iendly one, is a signi ican ba ie o in es men in sma echnologies. To suppo inno a ions which enhances ope a ional e iciency in LV g id egula ions need o be adjus ed acco dingly. •Flexibili y se ices a e e ec i e in managing he g id. Howe e , incen i es a e equi ed which shall allow s akeholde s o capi alize on such se ices. Fu he ma ke mechanisms a e equi ed o acili a e he exchange o lexibili y se ices be ween a ious ma ke pa icipan s. •Expe s o esee ha egula ions will no allow DSO o own s o age and in gene al, he e is consensus ha DSO should p ocu e se ices om s o age h ough a ma ke mechanism. •I is expec ed ha he ba e y solu ion will become a e y luc a i e op ion in he nex 2-5 yea s. Need o ad anced g id ope a ion se ices like an i-islanding and sel -healing will a ise a e i e yea s. •Phaso measu emen uni s ma ke demand is expec ed o a ise in he long e m (beyond i e yea s) and will depend on economic easibili y a he han echnical. •Reac i e powe managemen is a ele an issue aced by DSO ac oss di e en coun ies, and in e iewees ag ee ha his can be sol ed h ough powe elec onics and ba e y echnologies. •When asked abou business models o sma echnologies, including s o age, all he s akeholde s had di e en iews. S ill, hey ag eed ha egula ion should play a i al ole in deciding wha business model will wo k. •The ole o he DSO will be simila as i is oday, bu i has o play a mo e ac i e ole in u u e. He e again, egula ions ha e o be clea on wha a e ma ke bounda ies o DSO business. •The e is no cla i y a he momen i DSO should become a local ma ke acili a o o lexibili y. A gene al obse a ion is ha o in es ing in new echnologies and changing business models, s akeholde s a e wai ing o egula o s o lead he way. Di e en s akeholde s a e es ing new echnologies a an expe imen al le el o unde s and i s impo ance and al eady ha e an opinion on wha echnologies migh be success ul. Howe e , when i comes o business models, he e a e no s ong opinions. III. T HE RESOLVD S OLUTION The RESOLVD analyzed a se o use cases (Table II) ha can po en ially imp o e he hos ing capaci y o low ol age g ids [6]. TABLE II. L IST OF IDENTIFIED H IGH - LEVEL USE CASES (HLUC S ) HLUCs HLUC01: P e en ion o conges ion and o e /unde ol age issues h ough local s o age u iliza ion and g id econ ig. HLUC02: Vol age con ol h ough eac i e powe injec ion o consump ion. HLUC03: Imp o ing powe quali y and educing losses h ough powe elec onics. HLUC04: Reduc ion o powe losses h ough local s o age u iliza ion. HLUC05: Sel -healing a e a aul . HLUC06: Powe managemen in in en ional con olled island mode. HLUC07: De ec ion and in e up ion o unin en ional uncon olled islanding. A. The pla o m as a so wa e solu ion RESOLVD pla o m is a so wa e solu ion o in eg a e he ad anced ac i e dis ibu ion g id managemen unc ionali ies and moni o ing o he low ol age g id de eloped in he p ojec [7]. The pla o m is comp ised o he ollowing se o ools: •En e p ise Se ice Bus (ESB), o e ing anspa en in eg a ion wi h: oLegacy sys ems o he DSO (i.e. MDMS, SCADA, GIS), oPowe Elec onic De ices (PEDs), oEx e nal sys ems (i.e. Wea he se ices), oWide A ea Moni o ing Sys em (WAMS); •Da a Managemen Sys em, o e ing s o age o da a om he e ogeneous da a sou ces and di e en da a ypes p o iding da a alida ion and homogeniza ion as well as gua an eeing accessibili y wi h speci ic QoS cha ac e is ics; •Supe ision and Analy ics Se ices, o e ing g id moni o ing and op imal ope a ion abili ies, h ough ad anced o ecas ing, g id e en de ec ion and op imiza ion o g id asse dispa ch, as a se ice; •Ope a ion Applica ions, p o iding he end-use in e ace, o isualizing he s a us o he g id, he pa ame e iza ion o he di e en business lows o he ad anced g id unc ions, as well as o analysis o he impac o asse dispa ch in he g id’s ope a ion. A high-le el a chi ec u e o he solu ion is p esen ed in Fig. 1, de ailing he in e ac ion o he abo e ools wi h hei ecosys em. Fig. 1. RESOLVD A chi ec u e: Componen iew B. The PED as a ha dwa e solu ion The Powe Elec onics De ice is de eloped in he p ojec and is equipped wi h local ene gy s o age o p o ide lexibili y o low ol age g ids. As an ene gy s o age sys em, i can enhance he ope a ion and powe quali y o low ol age g ids by, o ins ance, con ibu ing o he supply secu i y o cus ome s in case o g id e en uali ies; con olling ac i e and eac i e powe lows o he ne wo k ollowing economic and / o echnical c i e ia, and compensa ing cu en ha monics h ough cables a ec ing cus ome s. Fu he mo e, an ene gy s o age solu ion in he dis ibu ion g ids can also enhance he hos ing o enewables, educe he impac o elec ic ehicles, manage he g id asse s conges ion, and be an ene gy back-up o u ili ies and communi ies. The PED is composed o wo main subsys ems, which a e amed in o he powe (ha dwa e) plane and he managemen plane. The componen s included wi hin he ha dwa e plane a e hose exchanging powe wi h he ex e nal ne wo k he PED is connec ed o. So, in his ega d, he e a e he Powe Con e sion Sys em (PCS- Fig. 2) and ba e ies. The powe plane o he PCS is modula o in eg a e di e en ba e ies o di e se cha ac e is ics. In de ail, he PCS a chi ec u e o modula and hyb id ene gy s o age consis s o on -end in e e modules oge he wi h pa allel dual ac i e b idge modules. This powe a chi ec u e o e s excellen eliabili y, e iciency, compac ness and beha io unde g id aul s. Besides, i p o ides excellen lexibili y while in eg a ing di e en ba e ies o di e en cha ac e is ics [8, 9]. The e o e, he elec ical speci ica ions o he PED a e summa ized in Table III. TABLE III. E LECTRICAL SPECIFICATION OF PED Elec ical specs In e e s age opology 4-wi es 3-phase b idge spli capaci o AC a ed powe 75 kVA Ra ed AC ol age (phase o neu al) 400 V (230 V compa ible) AC Vol age ange 85% - 110% (acco ding o EN 50438) AC F equency 50 Hz (60 Hz compa ible) AC Ra ed cu en 108.6 A DC/DC s age opology DAB 1 (gal anic isola ion) DAB 2 (gal anic isola ion) DC a ed powe 20 kW 20 kW DC a ed ol age 345 V 240 V DC ol age ange (a a ed powe ) 315 V – 385 V 200 V- 270 V DC a ed cu en 63.5 A 100 A Fig. 2. PED cabine wi hou he on doo IV. R EGULATION FRAMEWORK In No embe 2016 The Clean Ene gy Package (CEP) was published as a “ ecas ” o he Thi d Ene gy Package (2009), con aining a se o egula ions and di ec i es o con inue he ene gy ansi ion wi hin he Ene gy Union. Wi hin he CEP egula ions and di ec i es, he e-Di ec i e (EC 2019/944; [10]) and he e-Regula ion (EC 2019/943; [11]) a e he ones e e ing o he elec ic sec o . Thei subjec ma e and scope is cen e ed on se ing “ he basis o an e icien achie emen o he objec i es o he Ene gy Union and in pa icula he clima e and ene gy amewo k o 2030 (e-Regula ion), ia he c ea ion o common ules o all he asse s connec ed o he powe sys em, wi h a iew o c ea ing uly in eg a ed, compe i i e, consume -cen e ed, lexible, ai and anspa en elec ici y ma ke s in he Union”. Besides, hey also ocus on es ablishing models o sys em ope a o s o enhance coope a ion and se egali a ian egula ions o c oss- bo de exchanges. C ea ing ene gy ma ke s o suppo and ease he ansi ion owa ds a dis ibu ed and RES-based powe sys em is one c ucial objec i e o he e-Di ec i e and e-Regula ion. In his sense, he CEP sees lexibili y ma ke s as i al o p omo e he widesp ead o new agen s and echnologies in he ene gy sec o [12]. In he e-Di ec i e, he ole o agg ega o s and Ene gy S o age Sys ems (ESSs), is enhanced. They a e men ioned con inuously as impo an agen s and echnologies, which would bene i om ailo -made egula ions. Also, he e-Regula ion a ge s he same objec i e s a ing “sa e and sus ainable gene a ion, ene gy s o age and demand esponse shall pa icipa e on equal oo ing in he ma ke […]”. On lexibili y, he e-Regula ion se s i s scope on he agg ega o ac o as a way o p omo e smalle loads ac i e pa icipa ion in he powe sys em, while a he same ime p omo es he long- e m in es men s ha will s ill be impo an o he de elopmen o he ma ke s. This change o mindse can also be obse ed in e-Di ec i e A .8 whe e membe s a es a e equi ed o conside al e na i es such as demand esponse and ene gy s o age be o e au ho izing he cons uc ion o new capaci y. The s a emen “Ma ke pa icipan s engaged in he agg ega ion a e likely o play an impo an ole as in e media ies be ween cus ome g oups and he ma ke ” is ex ac ed om he e-Di ec i e p o ision (39). In his sense, he cus ome s igh o eely pu chase agg ega ion se ices is de ined on e-Di ec i e A . 13. Some hing simila happens wi h balancing ma ke pa icipa ion o agg ega o s which should no be hinde ed, and demand esponse h ough agg ega ion, which is p omo ed in he CEP. O e all, he CEP de ines a amewo k s a ing ha any consen o o he ma ke pa icipan s should no hinde agg ega o s om en e ing elec ici y ma ke s. A icle 32 (2) o he e-Di ec i e se s he basis o lexibili y ma ke s o local conges ion managemen , an eme ging ma ke o dis ibu ion g id ancilla y se ices, whe e local agg ega o s and ESSs can become ele an ma ke pa icipan s. Focusing on ESSs, he CEP ackles some o he conce ns iden i ied by s akeholde s and esea che s o p e ious di ec i es. The o icial de ini ion o Ene gy S o age om a echnology-neu al app oach (e-Di ec i e: A . 2 (59) is one o he c ucial con ibu ions o he CEP. I also p omo es he use o ene gy s o age wi hin DSO ne wo k planning as an al e na i e o sys em expansion in e-Di ec i e A . 32 (3). This kind o conside a ions, show he CEP ision o ESSs and o he echnologies o become c ucial in he powe sys em, o ins ance p o iding s abili y and in es men de e al. The CEP also add esses he willingness o he EU o unbundle he elec ici y sec o . In A icle 36 o he e- Regula ion, i is s a ed ha “Dis ibu ion sys em ope a o s shall no own, de elop, manage o ope a e ene gy s o age acili ies” o p o ide se ices ha can be ob ained ia exis ing elec ici y ma ke s. This unbundling o he powe sys em aims o p o ide a le el playing ield o all pa icipan s, which should lead o a ai e elec ici y sys em. F om he p osume iewpoin , e-Di ec i e A . 15 (5) aims o sol e one c ucial issue ega ding ESSs and hei abili y o ac as a gene a o and as a load. Poin (b) o he a icle de e mines ha membe s a es shall ensu e ac i e cus ome s owning ESSs ha would no be subjec o any double axa ion. Fu he mo e, poin (d) allows he same s o age acili y owned by an ac i e cus ome o p o ide se e al se ices simul aneously, i echnically easible. Such de ini ions, o ins ance (d), can become a c ucial d i e o he sp ead o ESSs and o he new echnologies, because speci ic de ini ions emo e ince i ude and allow o ake ad an age o ESSs ull po en ial. Howe e , while he CEP di ec i es and egula ions a e aiming o be e in eg a e ESSs on he powe g id, he cu en gene a ion [13] and Demand Connec ion [14] G id Codes, exclude ESSs om hei scope and applica ion on A icle 3, wi h he excep ion o Pumped Hyd oelec ic Ene gy S o age (PHES). To conclude, he CEP e-Regula ion A . 59 1(e) se s as a u u e ou come he de elopmen o speci ic ne wo k codes o ene gy s o age and agg ega ion. These new ne wo k codes could suppose an essen ial d i e o ene gy s o age and agg ega ion, as al eady ha e been he Elec ici y Balancing guidelines o balancing ma ke s h oughou Eu ope. V. C ONCLUSIONS FROM THE RESOLVD P ROJECT FOR S TANDARDIZATION AND R EGULATION B ODIES A. Common In o ma ion Model The Common In o ma ion Model (CIM) [15] can be conside ed as one o he co e s anda ds o he ansi ion o sma g ids. This model was ini ially de eloped o he ansmission g id bu la e expanded by he desc ip ion o he dis ibu ion g id as well as ene gy ma ke s ela ed in e ac ions. Based on he CIM amily o s anda ds, a Canonical Da a Model (CDM) was designed o he in o ma ion lowing om/ o he RESOLVD Pla o m in he con ex o he con ol cen e . Mo e speci ically, he ollowing s anda ds we e conside ed du ing he da a modelling p ocess: •IEC61968 se ies [16], which deals wi h in o ma ion exchanges in elec ical dis ibu ion sys ems and was de eloped by IEC Technical Commi ee 57, •CGMES [17] ( 2.4.15), which was de eloped by ENTSO-E as a Eu opean p o ile 1 o CIM, whils i was adop ed by he IEC as IEC CGMES Technical Speci ica ions (IEC TS 61970-600-1:2017 and IEC TS 61970-600-2:20). To add ess he speci ici ies o he p ojec , cus om schemas we e c ea ed as subse s o he abo e p o iles o new da a schemas we e c ea ed om exis ing CIM classes, and in some occasions by ex ending exis ing classes o he s anda d da a model. The modelling o he in o ma ion in ol ed he ollowing in o ma ion objec s: •Measu emen s: Inspi ed by IEC 61968-9 [18] p o ile; •Fo ecas s: The abo e measu emen model wi h some ex ensions was used o handle ene gy and c i ical e en o ecas ing p o ided by he Ene gy Fo ecas e ; 1 A p o ile is a subse model o he ull CIM model which can ac as a sel - con ained model and ocuses on a speci ic applica ion domain. •G id Model: C ea ed based on CGMES “Equipmen ” (EQ) p o ile wi h some modi ica ion o model he PED. Da a om he GIS we e con e ed o his da a model; •G id Con igu a ion/S a us: U ilizes he CGMES “S eady S a e Hypo hesis” (SSH), “Topology” (TP) and “S a e Va iables” (SV) p o iles o modelling he s a us o he g id and he PED asse s, ackling as well he communica ions wi h he Powe Flow Simula o (PFS); •G id Schedule: Ini ia es om he “Wi es” package and models he schedules o he Swi chgea and he PED, also u ilizing classes om “Co e” and “LoadModel” packages. I mos ly ocuses on communica ion wi h he Supe iso y Con ol and Da a Acquisi ion sys em (SCADA) and he G id Ope a ion Schedule (GOS); •Faul s: Based on he “Faul s” package as well as “Co e” can “Common”, a schema was iden i ied o modelling he aul s occu ing in he g id, iden i ied by Faul De ec ion Applica ion. CIM p o ided a use ul guideline owa ds designing an in e ope able solu ion, e en hough he e was a signi ican o e head in he ini ial phases o he design, gi en he model co e s a as domain, is ac ioned in many packages and he e a e hund eds o classes and se e al ela ionships among hem. Ne e heless, he model p o ides g ea lexibili y o designing domain- ela ed in o ma ion. Fo ins ance, he e we e se e al ways o model he PED in he g id model. On he o he hand, his may c ea e con usion; hence, p ope guidance is equi ed on applying he s anda ds in he modelling phase. Following his expe ience wi h his s anda d se ies, wha was also iden i ied, was an absence o modelling o ene gy o ecas in o ma ion objec , which is i ial in applica ions designed in he con ex o sma g ids. B. Regula ion As pa o he Clean Ene gy Package, bo h e-Regula ion and e-Di ec i e we e app o ed in 2019, as a amewo k o he ansi ion owa ds cleane and mo e sus ainable ene gy. The Membe S a es a e now called o implemen and anspose in o na ional laws his amewo k and o ensu e consequen ly he ene gy indus y a s able legal en i onmen . F om he ene gy indus y pe spec i e, hey a e also o ced o adap hemsel es o his new egula ion amewo k, which can b ing challenges as well as oppo uni ies. A . 32 on Incen i es o he use o lexibili y in dis ibu ion ne wo ks o he e-Di ec i e is es ablishing ha dis ibu ion sys em ope a o s should p ocu e se ices om p o ide s wi h anspa en non-disc imina o y and ma ke - based p ocedu es. Howe e , such ma ke -based p ocedu es a e no u he de ined. No cla i ica ion on cen alized o pee - o-pee app oach, size, no ime ames a e gi en. He e ma ke design will be undamen al o es ablish ules whe e in es men in lexibili y asse s ope a ing on such ma ke s need a s able amewo k o in es . Ne wo k codes a e o eseen in e-Regula ion (A .59), and hese codes need o be de eloped and adop ed o na ional law. I is in e es ing o see he conclusion o GC0096 [19] on Ene gy S o age (UK - G id Code modi ica ion epo ), highligh ing ha he mos c ucial change o include ene gy s o age in ne wo k codes is he p ope de ini ion o i s capabili ies and con igu a ions, mo e han echnical equi emen s. The e o e, om his pe spec i e, he changes on he ne wo k codes ega ding including s o age o o he se ices would no suppose a signi ican in e en ion. The main issue lies in how no el asse s like s o age may pa icipa e in ma ke -based p ocedu es. T adi ionally, DSOs a e making hei in es men decisions based on he in es men o no el asse s ollowing na ional egula ion ha a e using schemes o ewa d he Capi al Expendi u e (CAPEX) o hose in es men s. Wi h he es ablishmen o ma ke -based p ocedu es o use lexibili y in dis ibu ion ne wo ks, i is needed o explo e new hyb id app oaches, also aking in o accoun he Ope a ional Expendi u e (OPEX). A CKNOWLEDGMENT This wo k has been de eloped unde he Eu opean p ojec RESOLVD o he Ho izon 2020 esea ch and inno a ion p og am ( opic LCE-01-2016-2017) and g an ag eemen N . 773715. All in o ma ion in his publica ion e lec s only he au ho s’ iew. Au ho s signs on behal o he pa ne s’ eam. RESOLVD p ojec would like o hank all he in e iewees, especially GEODE and i s membe s o suppo he wo k done in he p ojec by accep ing in e iews and p o iding hei aluable insigh s on he opic. R EFERENCES [1] RESOLVD – Web Page. h ps:// esol d.eu/ [Accessed: 29/2/2020] [2] J. Melendez F igola, I. Kokos, H. Tuiskula, S. Ma ks eine , A. Sumpe , R. Galla , M. Smolnika , F. To en Fon bona; “RESOLVD - Renewable pene a ion le e ed by e icien Low Vol age Dis ibu ion g ids. Speci ica ions and use case analysis” P esen ed a CIRED 2019, [Online]. A ailable: h ps://www.ci ed- eposi o y.o g/handle/20.500.12455/661 [3] RESOLVD, “D a D6.1 – S akeholde s, ac o s and oles,” 2018. [4] RESOLVD, “D6.2 – S akeholde s, ac o s and oles, Final Ve sion,” 2018. [5] GEODE, “Geode.” [Online]. A ailable: h p://www.geode- eu.o g/home/abou -u. [Accessed: 20/2/2019]. [6] RESOLVD, “D1.1 – Use Case De ini ion,” 2018. [7] RESOLVD, “D.4.1 – De ailed desc ip ion o he pla o m,” 2018. [8] RESOLVD, “D.2.1 – Powe elec onics de ice design speci ica ions and models o he a chi ec u es,” 2018. [9] F. Díaz-González, D. He ede o-Pe is, M. Pagès-Giménez, E. P ie o- A aujo and A. Sumpe , "A Compa ison o Powe Con e sion Sys ems o Modula Ba e y-Based Ene gy S o age Sys ems," in IEEE Access, ol. 8, pp. 29557-29574, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2972412. [10] Eu opean Commission, “Di ec i e (EU) 2019/944 o he Eu opean Pa liamen and o he Council o 5 June 2019 on common ules o he in e nal ma ke o elec ici y and amending Di ec i e 2012/27/eu,” O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union, ol. 62, no. L 158, pp.125, 2019 [11] Eu opean Commission, “Regula ion (EU) 2019/943 o 5 June 2019 on he in e nal ma ke o elec ici y,” O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union, ol. 62, no. L 158, pp. 54–124, 2019. [12] Z. Xu, “The elec ici y ma ke design o decen alized lexibili y sou ces,” Ox o d, Uni ed Kingdom, Jul. 2019. [13] Eu opean Commission;, “Commission Regula ion (EU) 2016/631 Es ablishing a Ne wo k Code on Requi emen s o G id Connec ion o Gene a o s,” O icial Jou nal Eu opean Union, no. 14, 2016, p. 68, 2016. [14] Eu opean Commission, “Commission Regula ion (EU) 2016/1388 o 17 Augus 2016 es ablishing a Ne wo k Code on Demand Connec ion,” O icial Jou nal Eu opean Union, no. L 223, pp. 10–54, 2016. [15] A. McMo an, “Common In o ma ion Model P ime , Thi d Edi ion,” 2015. [16] “IEC - Sma g id > IEC S anda ds.” [Online]. A ailable: h ps://www.iec.ch/sma g id/s anda ds/. [Accessed: 24-Feb-2020]. [17] “Common G id Model Exchange S anda d (CGMES) Lib a y.” [Online]. A ailable: h ps://www.en soe.eu/digi al/cim/cim- o -g id- models-exchange/. [Accessed: 24-Feb-2020]. [18] “IEC 61968-9:2013 Applica ion in eg a ion a elec ic u ili ies - Sys em in e aces o dis ibu ion managemen - Pa 9: In e aces o me e eading and con ol.” . [19] A. Johnson,“G idcode modi ica ion GC0096: Ene gy s o age - Final modi ica ion epo ,” Na ional G id Sys em Ope a o , Tech. Rep., dec 2019.