Some classes of divergence measures between fuzzy subsets and between fuzzy partitions
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present and study one important class of divergence measure between fuzzy subsets, and one important class of divergence measure between fuzzy partitions, each of them having some specific properties. In the first case, the divergence measure attempts to quantify the degree of difference between two fuzzy subsets $\A$ and $\B$ by comparing the fuzziness of both $\A$ and $\B$ with the fuzziness of the intermediate fuzzy subset. In the second case, we use this divergence between subsets to measure the divergence between partitions.
Full text
sYbs m 7BP ]B8}Z$t x w dM D 1xnT1Ex 7B8 ]jsRRR BP *$%t{ sRZR bt 3Z99k 7ZARR stI bt 3Z99k _s$$BtR 7ZRsts BtR stI _IB p$j *}ss8tB I eRsI?R${s y! k * =t$%R$k BP !%$IB ]\]sj%B 7BjB R\t nn(d !%$IB 7}s$t T8s$jU R8}IBo}$tBt{{ZZt$B%$R VARs{ qY s$8 BP Y$R }s} $R B }Rt stI RZIk Bt $8}Bst {jsRR BP I$%t{ 8sRZ Abt PZ99k RZARR stI Bt $8}Bst {jsRR BP I$%T t{ 8sRZ Abt PZ99k }s$$BtR s{Y BP Y8 Ys%$t RB8 R}{$h{ }B}$R yt Y hR {sR Y I$%t{ 8sRZ s8}R B JZst$Pk Y I BP I$&t{ Abt bB PZ99k RZARR \ stI 4 Ak {B8}s$t Y PZ99$tRR BP ABY \ stI 4 b$Y Y PZ99$tRR BP Y $t8I$s PZ99k RZAR yt Y R{BtI {sR b ZR Y$R I$%t{ Abt RZARR B 8sRZ Y I$%t{ Abt }s$$BtR kbBIRU I$%t{ 8sRZ jB{sj I$%t{ PZ99$tRR 8sRZ PZ99k }s$$Bt d ytBIZ{$Bt !Z bB, sIR Y RZIk BP Zt{s$tk sRRB{$sI b$Y RkR8R $t s PZ99k tT %$Bt8t qY Rs$t }B$t BP BZ Rs{Y YsR At Y s-$B8s${ $tPB8s$Bt YBk BP 3B stI Fs8}?I3r$ w >;H D bY Zt{s$tk $R I${jk sRRB{$T sI b$Y s {Bjj{$Bt BP w {$R} D RZARR BP s R}s{ yt Y Ps8 BP Y$R YBk $ $R }BRR$Aj B ZRR Ys Y -$RR s Ps$jk RBt js$BtRY$} Abt Zt{s$tk w stI $tPB8s$Bt D stI PZ99$tRR stI Abt Zt{s$tk stI {jsRR${sj I$%t{ yt Y$R R}{ s PZtIs8tsj bB, YsR At I%jB}I Ak * NZ{sTq8$t$ >nH bYB $tBIZ{I s ,$tI BP 8sRZ BP PZ99$tRR w Y tBt}BAsA$j$R${ tB}k BP s PZ99k R D AsRI Bt s }BAsA$j$R${ Zt{s$tk 8sRZ yt BZ B}$t$Bt Y A$I Abt Y w {$R} D $tPB8s$Bt w b$Y B b$YBZ }BAsA$j$k D stI 8sRZR BP Zt{s$tk stI $8}{$R$Bt $t PZ99k t%$Bt8tR 8sk j$ $t bYs b P B sR I$%t{ A{sZR BP Y stsjBk b$Y Y {jsRR${sj 8st$t BP Y 8 ZRI Ak %s$BZR sZYBR w >H D $t {B8}s$t bB }BAsA$j$k I$R$AZ$BtR !t{ b Ys% {Yss{$9I stI RZI$I Y 8sRZ BP Y I$&t{ G;R TR4RIT { Y $t Y$R }s} $R RZ}}BI $t }s A k *py]Oq pst WB _ ;Tdn1M 1xn
1x; 7 BtR m _ p$j Abt bB w PZ99k B {$R} D RZARR Ys $R Y I$%t{ 8sRZ Abt PZ99k RZARR w R >MH D BZ Zj$8s BA`{$% {BtR$RR $t ZR$t Y$R 8sRZ B %sjZs Y PZ99$tRR stI \ B Y Zt{s$tk qY RZIk BP Y bsk B 8sRZ Y I$&t{ Abt bB RZARR B bY${Y b b$jj P B sR I$%t{ Abt RZARR $R $%t $t 7{$Bt 1 stI b RZIk 8s$tjk Y {sR bYt Y I$%t{ $R BAs$tI PB8 PZ99$tRR 8sRZR *}sT $t PB8 Y$R b$I {jsRR BP I$%t{ 8sRZ b RZIk s jB BP }B}$R qY bsk B 8sRZ Y PZ99$tRR BP s PZ99k }s$$BtR stI Y Iht$$Bt BP I$%t{ Abt PZ99k }s$$BtR b$jj A $%t $t 7{$Bt n yt Y$R R{$Bt b RZIk sjRB s }s${Zjs {jsRR BP I$%t{ Abt }s$$BtR bY${Y $R Y {jsRR BP I$%t{R $tI}tIt BP Y 8sRZ 1 *$%t{ 8sRZ PB8 PZ99$tRR 8sRZ qY 8sRZ BP Y I$&t{ BP bB PZ99k RZARR $R IhtI s-$B8s${sjjk Bt Y AsR$R BP Y PBjjBb$t tsZsj }B}$RU T y $R s tBtts$% stI Rk88${ PZt{$Bt BP Y bB PZ99k RZARR B A {B8}sI T y A{B8R 9B bYt Y bB RR {B$t{$I T y I{sRR sR Y bB RZARR A{B8 X8B R$8$js" $t RB8 RtR GYsR $ $R sRk B stsjk${sjjk PB8Zjs Y hR st Y R{BtI {BtI$$Bt Y Y$I Bt I}tIR Bt Y PB8sj$9s$Bt BP Y {Bt{} BP X8B R$8$js" G AsR BZ s}}Bs{Y Bt Y Ps{ Ys $P b sII w $t Y RtR BP Zt$Bt D s RZAR " g B ABY PZ99k RZARR " \ stI " 4 b BAs$t bB RZARR bY${Y s {jBR B s{Y BY Y Rs8 Ys}}tR b$Y Y $tR{$Bt 7B b }B}BR Y PBjjBb$t *ht$$Bt 1d w >MH D N A Y Zt$%R stI j " h w D A Y Ps8$jk BP Y PZ99k RZAR BP V 8s} ; U " h w D " h w D {p $R s I$%t{ 8sRZ $P stI Btjk $P " \, " 4 ; " h w D Rs$RPk Y PBjjBb$t {BtI$$BtRU d ; w " \, " 4 D ) ; w " 4, " \ D 1 ; w " \, " \ D )( n 8s- \ ; w " \ " g, " 4 " g D ,; w " \ " g, " 4 " g D i ; w " \, " 4 D , " g ; " h w D " g ; " h w D V Y A$tt$t BP Y$R R{$Bt b Ys% $tI${sI Ys $ $R tsZsj B sRRZ8 Ys Y I$%t{ $R tBtts$% Y$R {BtI$$Bt YsR tB At $t{jZII $t Y s-$B8R R$t{ $ {st A IIZ{I PB8 Y8 3B8 tBb Bt b b$jj {BtR$I Btjk Y {sR bY ) \ ? @ ,? ,333,? z i $R ht$ yt Y$R {sR $P b {BtR$I Y {BZ}jR w " \, " 4 D , w " \ \ ? 7 i , " 4 \ ? 7 i D bY${Y
7B8 ]jsRRR BP *$%t{ sRZR bt 3Z99k 7ZARR 1xx Btjk I$& $t Y $ 0_ j8t w $ YsR At {YstI PB8 w " \ w ? 7 D , " 4 w ? 7 D D B w d , d D D $ R8R tsZsj B RZ}}BR Ys Y %s$s$Bt BP I$%t{ Btjk I}tIR Bt bYs YsR At {YstI qYZR b $tBIZ{ Y PBjjBb$t *ht$$Bt 11 w >MH D V I$%t{ 8sRZ YsR Y jB{sj }B}k w B A$4k X$R jB{sj" D $P " \, " 4 ; " h w D , ? 7 ; b Ys% Ys ; w " \, " 4 D ; w " \ \ ? 7 i , " 4 \ ? 7 i D ) _ w " \ w ? 7 D , " 4 w ? 7 D D 3 qY$R }B}k $R tsZsj $t tsj AZ tB sjj I$%t{ YsR Y jB{sj }B}k V bsk B {Yss{$9 Y jB{sj I$%t{R $R $t Y PBjjBb$t Rs8t _B}BR$$Bt 1n w >MH D V 8s}}$t ; U " h w D " h w D {p bY $R s ht$ Ps8 ) \ ? @ ,? ,333,? z i $R s jB{sj I$%t{ $P stI Btjk $P Y -$RR s PZt{$Bt _ U>( , dH >( , dH {p RZ{Y Ys ; w " \, " 4 D ) z ! 7 @ _ w " \ w ? 7 D , " 4 w ? 7 D D stI $ D _ w ?,r D ) _ w r,? D , ?,r ; >( , dH $$ D _ w ?,? D )( , ? ; >( , dH $$$ D _ w ?,F D 8s- \ _ w ?,r D ,_ w r,F D i , ?,r,F ; >( , dH b$Y ?crcF qY }{I$t }B}BR$$Bt sjjBbR ZR B {BtRZ{ jB{sj I$%t{ PB8 s bBT R$I PZt{$Bt _ 7B8$8R RB8 I$ ^{Zj$R 8sk s$R $t %$Pk$t {BtI$$Bt $$$ D 7B b RsI Y PBjjBb$t ]BBjjsk 1; w >MH D ]BtI$$Bt $$$ D $t _B}BR$$Bt 1n {st A }js{I Ak $$$ 1 D _ w N ,r D $R s PZt{$Bt I{sR$t $t >( ,r H stI $t{sR$t $t > r, dH qY hR bsk b {YBBR B {B8}s Y 88ARY$} %sjZR $R Ys BP {B8}s$t Y PZ99$tRR BP ABY " \ stI " 4 b$Y Y PZ99$tRR BP Y $t8I$s PZ99k RZAR qY$R jsIR B s b$I {jsRR BP 8sRZR yt Ps{ Y$R bsR Y Rs$t }B$t BP BZ Rs{Y N ZR {BtR$I Y {jsRR BP PZ99$tRR 8sRZR >xH w BP jB{sj k} D $%t Ak W w " \ D ) ! ? % ; ` w " \ w ? 7 D D
1xE 7 BtR m _ p$j bY ` U>( , dH {p L $R s {Bt{s% PZt{$Bt $t{sR$t $t >( , d b 1H Rk88${ b$Y R}{ B Y }B$t d b 1 b$Y ` w ( D ) ` w d D )( qY tsB BP Y PZ99$tRR w PZt{$Bt ` D {st sjRB ts s jB{sj I$%t{ yt Ps{ Ak }BR$t _ w ?,r D ) ` M ? L r 1 9 ` w ? D L ` w r D 1 , ?,r ; >( , dH b BAs$t s PZt{$Bt _ bY${Y YsR sjj Y }B}$R JZ$I $t _B}BR$$Bt 1n $P ` $R b${ I$&t$sAj RB Ys ; w " \, " 4 D ) z ! 7 )d _ w " \ w ? 7 D , " 4 w ? 7 D D $R s jB{sj I$%t{ 8sRZ qB }B% Y$R $ $R RZ^{$t B }B% Ys _ Rs$RhR Y {BtI$$BtR $ D v$$$ D $t ]BBjjsk 1; yP ?,r s $t >( , dH b Ys% YsU $ D _ w ?,r D ) ` w ? L r 1 D ` w ? D L ` w r D 1 ) ` w r L ? 1 D ` w r D L ` w ? D 1 ) _ w r,? D , ?,r ; >( , dH $$ D _ w ?,? D ) ` w ? L ? 1 D ` w ? D L ` w ? D 1 ) ` w ? D ` w ? D )( $$$ D G ItB Ak _ r Y PZt{$Bt _ w N ,r D PB s h-I r 7$t{ _ r $R s RZ8 BP I$&t$sAj PZt{$BtR $ $R sjRB I$&t$sAj stI Yt{ _ r w ? D ) ` w ? L r 1 D ` w ? D L ` w r D 1) p ( (?_ r w ? D )d 1 ( (?` w ? L r 1 D ( (? ` w ? D 1 7$t{ ` $R {Bt{s% b Ys% Ys ( ! (? ! ` w ? D c ( , ? ; >( , dH stI YPB Y PZt{$Bt ( (? ` w ? D $R $t{sR$t bYt{ F ?cr ) p 1 N ?c? L r ) p ( (? ` w ? L r 1 D c ( (? ` w ? D ?kr ) p 1 N ?k? L r ) p ( (? ` w ? L r 1 D k ( (? ` w ? D 3 qYZR ( (? _ r w ? D $R ts$% $P ?cr stI }BR$$% $P ?kr Y$R $8}j$R Ys _ r w ? D Ys$R _ w N ,r D $R I{sR$t $t >( ,r H stI $t{sR$t $t > r, dH V }s${Zjs $8}Bst {sR BP Y$R k} $R $%t Ak Y 8sRZ BAs$tI PB8 Y * NZ{sTq8$t$ tB}k w >nH D 3Zt{$Bt _ BAs$tI PB8 $R ` PZt{$Bt ? jB ? w d ? D jB w d ? D $R I}${I $t 3$Z d y R8R B A %$It PB8 Y hZ Ys _ $t{sRR sR / ? r / $t{sRR ss$tR $R 8s-$8Z8 s Y }B$tR w ( , d D stI w d , ( D w _ w ( , d D ) _ w d , ( D ) ` w d 1 D stI $R 8$t$8Z8 s Y }B$tR ? ) r w _ w ?,? D )( D D
7B8 ]jsRRR BP *$%t{ sRZR bt 3Z99k 7ZARR 1x 3$Z dU ps}Y${ BP _ w ?,r D VR st -s8}j j ZR {BtR$I Y RZARR 4 \, 4 4, 4 g w R qsAj AjBb D BP st Zt$%R b$Y PBZ j8tR IhtI Ak w YR RR s I}${I $t 3$Z 1 D ? d ? 1 ? n ? ; 4 \ ( 3 n ( 3 ( 3 E ( 3 1 4 4 ( 3 1x ( 3 M ( 3 E ( 3 d 4 g ( 3 (x ( 3 ; ( 3 ( 3 x 4 ; ( 3 ( 3 d ( 3 d ( 3 3$Z 1U ps}Y${ BP 4 \ 4 4 4 g stI 4 ;
1xM 7 BtR m _ p$j 3B YR RR b BAs$t Ys ; w 4 \, 4 4 D )( 3 (n ,; w 4 \, 4 g D )( 3 ;E ,; w 4 \, 4 ; D )d 3 E( 3 qY I$%t{ 8sRZR RYBb Ys 4 \ $R %k R$8$js B 4 4 stI JZ$ I$&t PB8 4 ; WB${ Ys Y sARBjZ 8s-$8Z8 ; {st sRRZ8 $t Y$R {sR $R $%t Ak ; Ey? ); qY I$%t{ AsRI Bt * NZ{sTq8$t$:R tB}k {st A tsj$9I yt Ps{ $t >1H $ bsR }B%t Ys s PZ99$tRR 8sRZ {st A BAs$tI PB8 stk Zt{s$tk 8sRZ I }B%$II $ Rs$RhR Y _$t{$}j BP qstRP yt Y$R {sR b {st Iht ` w 0 D ) I w 0, d 0 D stI Y I$%t{ 8sRZ s,R Y PB8 ; w 4 \, 4 4 D ) 3 ? ; ^ I XX 4 \ L 4 4 1 ~ w ? D , X4 \ L 4 4 1 ~ w ? D ~ I w 4 \ w ? D , 4 \ w ? D D L I w 4 4 w ? D , 4 4 w ? D D 1 3 y $R sRk B {Bt$9 Ys $P ; $R {BtRZ{I sR sAB% PB8 s PZ99$tRR 8sT RZ Yt $ {st A -}RRI $t 8R BP PZt{$Bt W sR PBjjBbRU ; w 4 \, 4 4 D ) W w E w 4 \, 4 4 D D W w 4 \ D L W w 4 4 D 1 D bY E w 4 \, 4 4 D $R Y Xs%s" BP Y RZARR 4 \, 4 4 Ys $R Y PZ99k R IhtI Ak E w 4 \, 4 4 D w ? D ) 4 \ w ? D L 4 4 w ? D 1 , ? ; 3 yt Y PBjjBb$t }B}BR$$BtR b RsAj$RY RB8 $8}Bst }B}$R BP Y$R {jsRR BP I$%t{ 8sRZR bY${Y -}RR tsZsj {Yss{$R${R BP Y 8st$t BP BZ 8sRZ 3B8 tBb Bt $t Y$R R{$Bt b {BtR$I Ys ; w 4 \, 4 4 D ) W w E w 4 \, 4 4 D D W w \ D L W w 4 D 1 bY W $R stk jB{sj PZ99$tRR 8sRZ _B}BR$$Bt 1x N " \ stI " 4 A $t " h w D yP " \ $R RYs} Yst " 4 w / " \ w ? D d b 1 / / " 4 w ? D d b 1 / , ? ; D Yt ; w " \, " \ D $R s Yst B JZsj B ; w " 4, " 4 D Ys $R $P " \ U " 4 Yt ; w " \, " \ D ; w " 4, " 4 D 3 _BBP 7$t{ W w " \ D ) W w " \ D W w " 4 D ) W w " 4 D stI \ L \ 1 w ? D ) 4 L 4 1 w ? D ) d 1 , ? ; Yt ; w " \, " \ D ; w " 4, " 4 D 3 qY$R 8stR sR bBZjI A tsZsj Ys sR Y PZ99$tRR I{sRR Y I$%t{ Abt s R stI $R {B8}j8t $t{sRR y s,R Y 8s-$8Z8 bYt " \ $R {$R} BB%
7B8 ]jsRRR BP *$%t{ sRZR bt 3Z99k 7ZARR 1x _B}BR$$Bt 1E N .,~ A bB {$R} RZARR BP Yt ; w .,. D ) ; w ~,~ D 3 _BBP y $R $%$sj R$t{ W w . D ) W w . D ) W w ~ D ) W w ~ D )( _B}BR$$Bt 1 yP b {BtR$I Y PZt{$Bt W U " h w D {p IhtI Ak W w " \ D ) ; w .,. D ; w " \, " \ D , " \ ; " h w D , Yt W $R s PZ99$tRR 8sRZ _BBP y $R $%$sj R$t{ W {B$t{$IR b$Y W _B}BR$$Bt 1M N . A s {$R} RZAR BP qYt " \, " 4 ; b Ys% ; w " \, " 4 D ; w .,. D _BBP y $R s {BtRJZt{ Ys W w \ D L W w 4 D 1 ( W w . D ) W w . D )(stI W w \ L 4 1 D W w " o D ) W w . L . 1 D bY " o $R Y JZ$j$A$Z8 Ys $R Y PZ99k RZAR IhtI Ak " o w ? D )d b 1 , ? ; _B}BR$$Bt 1 qY I$%t{ Abt s PZ99k RZARR stI Y JZ$j$A$Z8 $R JZsj B Y I$%t{ Abt $R {B8}j8tsk stI Y JZ$j$A$Z8 Ys $R ; w " \, " o D ) ; w " \ , " o D , " \, " h w D 3 BB% $P " \ U " 4 Yt ; w " \, " o D ; w " 4, " o D 3 _BBP 3$R sRR$Bt $R s {BtRJZt{ Ys ` w ? D ) ` w d ? D stI YPB ` w ? Ld b 1 1 D ) ` w w d ? D Ld b 1 1 D qY R{BtI Bt $R s {BtRJZt{ Ys Y }B}T $R BP 8BtBBtk stI Rk88k b$Y R}{ B d b 1 BP Y PZt{$Bt _ w ?,r D ) ` , ? L r 1 E ` w ? D L ` w r D 1 w Is$jR {st A PBZtI $t >H D VjYBZY $%$sj Y PBjjBb$t }B}BR$$Bt sjjBbR ZR B {Yst Y R{sj Ps{B BP s I$%t{ s{{BI$t B BZ }s${Zjs JZ$8tR
1E( 7 Bt R m _ p$j _B}BR$$Bt 1d( N * U {p {p A s tBt I{sR$t PZt{$Bt b$Y * w ( D )( qY 8s}R ; * ,; * IhtI AjBb s sjRB I$%t{ 8sRZR ; * w " \, " 4 D ) 3 ? ; * X ` X4 \ w ? D L 4 4 w ? D 1 ~ ` w 4 \ w ? D D L ` w 4 4 w ? D D 1 ~ ; * w 4 \, 4 4 D ) * w ; w 4 \, 4 4 D D _BBP 3B ; * $ $R Btjk t{RRsk B }B% Ys * p ` D ? L r 1 i ` w ? D L ` w r D 1 Q Rs$RhR Y {BtI$$BtR $t _B}BR$$Bt 1n qY }BBP B ; * $R $%$sj R$t{ PB sjj 4 \, 4 4 stI 4 g $t 4 h w D b Ys% Ys * w ; w 4 \, 4 4 D D ) * w ; w 4 4, 4 \ D D * w ; w 4 \, 4 \ D D ) * w ( D )( * w ; w 4 \ 4 g, 4 4 4 g D D * w ; w 4 \, 4 4 D D stI * w ; w 4 \ 4 g, 4 4 4 g D D * w ; w 4 \, 4 4 D D A{sZR BP ; A$t s I$%t{ 8sRZ * w ( D )(stI * A$t tB I{sR$t < b Ys% }B%t Y$R }B}$R PB Y$R }s${Zjs {jsRR BP I$%t{ 8sT RZ BAs$tI PB8 s PZ99$tRR 8sRZ AZ b {st R w >H D Ys 8BR BP Y8 s Z $t tsj PB sjj I$%t{ 8sRZ bY${Y YsR Y jB{sj }B}k n *$%t{ Abt }s$$BtR $tI}tIt BP Y 8sRZ yt Y$R R{$Bt hRjk b RZIk Y {Bt{} BP I$%t{ 8sRZ Abt }s$T $BtR sP b -tI Y PZ99$tRR 8sRZ B {sj{Zjs Y PZ99$tRR BP s PZ99k }s$$Bt stI htsjjk b }Rt Y {jsRR BP I$%t{ Abt }s$$BtR $tIT }tIt BP Y 8sRZ nd *$%t{ 8sRZ Abt PZ99k }s$$BtR y R8R jB${sj B Y$t, Ys Y I$%t{ Abt bB }s$$BtR I}tIR Bt Y I$%t{ Abt Y RR $t Y8 sR bjj sR Bt Y 8sRZ BP YR RR qYZR b Ys% {BtR$II Ys s RZ$sAj bsk sIs}I BP 8sRZ$t Y I$%t{ Abt bB }s$$BtR bsR YBZY s PZt{$Bt Ys I}tIR Bt Y I$%t{ IhtI $t Y }%$BZR R{$Bt stI Bt s }B}jk {YBRt 8sRZ BP Y RR $t Y }s$$BtR 7$8$jsjk B Y {jsRR${sj }BAsA$j$R${ I$%t{R b s B$t B {BtR$I st sA$sk R stI B {B8}s bB }BRR$Aj bskR w Rsk Y bB }s$$BtR RsAj$RYI Ak bB -} Bt Y B}${ D BP }s$$Bt$t $ $tB PZ99k RZARR Ak R$t $P YR bB bskR s %k R$8$js B %k I$&t G b$jj P sjbskR B I$%t{R Abt }s$$BtR R$t{ Y$R $R Y 8BR $tR$t {sR PB ZR AZ $t Ps{ b s B$t B $% Y Iht$$Bt BP I$%t{ Abt Ps8$j$R qYZR $tRsI BP bB,$t b$Y Y R PB8I Ak sjj }s$$Bt $t b s B$t B bB, b$Y Y R PB8I PB Y RkR8R BP RZARR BP Ys b b$jj ItB Ak " B T
7B8 ]jsRRR BP *$%t{ sRZR bt 3Z99k 7ZARR 1Ed 3$Rjk b Ys% B IB RB8 }%$BZR {B88tR jsI B Y bsk B s{{B8}j$RY Y 8s{Y$t Abt Y RR BP ABY Ps8$j$R B 8sRZ Y I$%t{ Abt Y8 yP b {BtR$I PB $tRst{ Y Iht$$Bt BP Y RR XOBZt" stI XWB OBZt" BP s 1x ksRTBjI }RBt stI BP s xx ksRTBjI }RBt $ $R {js Ys YR }s$$BtR s tB %k R$8$js 7Z}}BR Ys Y RZj BP Y$R JZR$Bt $R BAR%I $t 3$Z n 3$Z nU *ht$$Bt BP Y RR XOBZt" stI $R {B8}j8tsk Ak bB I$&t }RBtR y $R {js Ys b Ys% B {B8}s Y R " \ @ b$Y Y R " 4 @ stI " \ b$Y " 4 GYt Y$R BI B {B8}s$t $R tB h-I b Ys% B s}}jk Y _$t{$}j BP $t$8Z8 *$%t{ *ht$$Bt nd _$t{$}j BP $t$8Z8 *$%t{ w >H D N " @ stI " A bB Ps8$j$R $t " B T PB8I Ak Y RR \ " \ % i T % @ stI \ " 4 % i T % @ R}{$%jk N ; A s I$%t{ 8sRZ Abt RR G Rsk Ys YR Ps8$j$R s BII $t s{{BIst{ b$Y Y _$t{$}j BP $t$8Z8 *$%t{ w ; D $P stI Btjk $P PB sjj }8Zs$Bt BP \ d , 1 ,333, i b Ys% Ys T ! % )d ; w " \ % , " 4 % D T ! % )d ; w " \ % , " 4 w % D D , 7 ;\ d , 1 ,333, i 3