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Application of the measured equation of invariance to radiation and scattering by flat surfaces

Abstract

Because on flat surfaces the electric currents are confined to two dimensions, a simple vector potential formulation can be used. The problem of radiation and scattering by rectangular strip dipoles is solved, including the transversal variation of the current across the dipole width. Also of interest are the currents induced on antennas with step variations in width, and with bends and T-junctions.

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Application of the measured equation of invariance to radiation and scattering by flat surfaces

Author: Pous Andrés, Rafael,Prouty, M.D.,Mei, K.K.
Publisher: . IEEE AP-S SYMPOSIUM DIGEST
Year: 1993
DOI: 10.1109/APS.1993.385289
Source: https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/101392/1/00385289.pdf
APPLICATION
OF
THE
MEASURED
EQUATION
OF
INVARIANCE
TO
RADIATION
AND
SCATTERING
BY
FLAT
SURFACES
Ra ael
POUS:
Ma k P ou y,
and
Kenne l,
I<.
Mei
EECS
Dep .,
Uni .
o
Cali oinia, Be keley
CA
94720
(R. Pouz
is
now wi h he
TSC
Dep .,
Uni .
Poli .
de
Ca alunya,
Apdo.
30.002,
08080
Ba celona,
Spain).
Abs ac
The ewn ly
iii ocliic d
concep o lie Measu ed
Eq
ia ion
o
In a iance
(blE1)
[l,
2.
31
is
used
,o
sol e
.lic-
p oblenl o adia io:] and sca e ing by
la su aces. Becaus on la su aws li elec ic cu en s a e con ined
o
wo
dimensions, a sinil)lc ec o po m .ial o mula ion can be used. The p oblem
o
adia ion and sca ing
by
ec aiigiila s ip dipoles
is
!,ol ed. including he
ans e sal a ia ion
o
he cu m a osq he dipole wid .11.
Also
o
in e es
a lie cu eii s indu ed
(111
an ennas wi h s ep a ia ion: in wid .h, and
wi h
hencl,
and T-junc ioiis.
The
NE1
is
; i1
qua ioii lia caii be used o e mina e
,L
Fini e Di e ence (FD)
iiiesli a bi a ily close o lie objec o in e es . a oiding he use o abso bing bouiid-
a y condi ions, n.hic1i cyiii e lie inesh
o
ex end beyond lie egion o in e es , wi h
aii
inc ease in onipu a ion ime
aid
s o age memo y.
Tlie
iiiexli
us ~l
o
sol e
a
b ip
diliolc-
i.;
21
1e angula. mi sh which es ends only a
ew cells ( ypi dly
!
o
4)
iii
each di w ioii. The poin s
o
his mesh all in o h ee
a ego ics: ex e m
poin x
o
poiu s on lw iiiesh bounda y. poin s on he su ace o
he dipole.
and
iii e ioi poin s no
on
lie
su ace
o
lie dipole. Fo each ca ego y
a
di e en
ype
o
FD
eqiia ion
will
be
used. The uiikiiowii
i:
cliosen
o
be he ec o
po en ial
.i
de inc l as
#.'"''
=
d
x
d
(p
ac o ed in o simpiici y).
I
he la su ace
is pa allel
o
he
, 'y
plaiie. only
.AJ
aiid
d,
need o be conL;ide ed, and hei alues
a
each
mesli
poin
a c
lw
u~ikno~ iis o
lie
FD p oblem. Since wo unknowns a e
associn pd
wi h (wcli ni(4 poin
wo
eqiia ioiis need
o
he
w i en also.
Fo lie
in e io
poin s no
on
liu
me al su ace, lie s ai
da d
FD app oxima ion
o he
wa e
eqiia ioii is
iis4
o
pncli
o
lic,
wo po en ials
,I
=
. .
!)
("2
k, )
.1,1
=
I1
(1)
'This
esea ch
wi s
spon>o l
I,?
I
lac
CaIi1o ni.L
Slaie
hlICRO
p og nm.
xiid
he
indus ial
Spon-
>o
Hughes
.%i e a ('onlpnny
0-7003-1246-5/93/$3.00
0
1993
IEEE
540
Fo he poiii s on he me al su ace, he condi ion ha
ESc
=
-E nc
is used,
yielding he equa ions
This equa. ions caii easily be pu in FD o m. Special ca e needs o be aken a he
edge o he
la
su ace.
Fo
he componen o he ec o po en ial ha is pa allel
o he edge. a sligh a ia. ion
o
he abo e equa ions needs o be used, and o he
no mal componen , we use he ac ha he
no mal
cu en anishes a he edge
(see
[4]
o mo e de ails).
Finally,
o
he
poin s a he mesh bounda ies, we w i e an equa ion o he o m
N-l
.4&l
-
1
(',
'
-A,{,
=
0
l
=
.U,
9
(
4)
j=
I
whe e
Ad"
is he alue o he
ec o
po en ial
a
he bound~y poin and
Ad,
a e he
alues a he
N
--
1
neigl ho ing poin s
(X
may be
4,
5.
01
G
depending
011
whe he
he poin is
011
a
side.
ail
4ge,
o
a
o i c
o
he mesh,. The coe icien s
c,
a e
calcula ed o inake Eqn.
1
a
leas
squa e
e o
i
o
he
hl
po en ials (which we
call
measu ing
iinc ion.~)
whe e
.J;,
J;
a c
wo se s o linea ly independen cu en i, which we call
me ons.
Fo
a
ec angula pla e o leng h
I
and wid h
u .
hese
me ons
a e
])La
713
(my
-
1)ay
Jyly(.T,
y)
=
4111
___
15
m,
5
M,
1s
my
5
My
(6)
1
5
my
5
~4~
(7)
1
c 5
W
(
7zz
-
.
sin
Jym=n'qX,y)
=
CO5
1
5
ma
5
M,
I
W
Figu e
1
shows
he longi udid cu en on a s ip dipole o leng h and wid h
I
=
18.5~
=
1.42X.
when ed o -cen e
a
1/4,
and he inpu admi ance
o
a
cen e -
ed hin s ip dipole. Figu e
2
shows he cu en s in he wo di ec ions when he
wis ed dipole is ed a he cen e . Bo h he longi udinal
and
ans e sal a ia ions
o
he cu en s a e ob ained. as
well
as
a
clea pic u e
o
how he cu en s beha e
lieax he
90
deg ee bend. Figu e
3
shows he monos a ic ada c oss sec ion
o
a
squa e pla e
o
side
n,
coinpa cd
o
he ineasu emen s epo ed in
[GI.
Re e ences
[l]
K.
I<. Mei.
R.
Pous,
Z.
Chen,
Y.
W. Liu, and
M.
D
P ou y, "The Measu ed
Equa ion o In a iance: a new concep in ield compu a ion,"
IEEE
IPmns.
An-
ennas
P opaga .,
submi ed o publica ion.
541
mA/1,’
V
10
8
1G
14
12
10
S
F
4
2
0
Re .
[3]
)-
0 0.2 0.4 0.G
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
[/A
Figu e
1.
Cu en on
an
o - en e ed s lip dipole an enna wi h
1
=
18.5~
=
1.42X,
ed a
1/4
( op) niid inpu admi ance o
a
en e - ed s ip dipole an enna wi h
I
=
18.5~
e sus
equen ).
compa ed wi h he
MOM
esul p esen ed in
[5]
(bo om).
[2]
R.
Pous,
‘The Measu ed Equa. ion
o
In a iance:
a
new concep in ield compu-
a ion,” Ph.D. diss a ion, Uni . o Cali o nia a Be kdey, 1992.
(31 I<.
K.
Mei,
R.
Pous.
h.1.
D.
P ou y, and
Y.
U’.
Liu, “Fu he insigh in o he Mea-
su ed Equa ion o In a iance,”
IEEE An ennas and
P paga .
In l.
Sumposium,
Ann A bo , Michigan, 1993.
[4]
M.
D.
P ou y,
R.
Pous,
and
I<.
K.
hlei, “Applica ion
o
he Measu ed Equa ion
o In a iance o ansmission
lilies
and
discon inui ies.”
IEEE
An ennas
and
P opaga .
h l.
Synqi~siil m,
Ann
h bo ,
Michigan, 1993
151
R.
F.
Ha sii g on,
Field
Conipi n ion
by
Momen Me hods,
Robe
E.
K iege
Publishiiig Company. hlalaba , Flo ida,
1952.
[GI
S.
M.
Rao. D.
R.
Wil oii.
and
A.
W.
Glisson, “Elec omagne ic sca e ing
by
su aces o a. bi a y shape,”
IEEE
Z’ uiis.
An ennas
and
P opaga .,
ol. 30, pp.
409-418,
May 1982.
542
Figu e
2:
Cu eli 3
on
a
wis ed
dipole.
o
X
=
In
( e ical w eii
on
he le ,
and
lio izoii al cu en
on
li
igli
J.
10
1
0.1
a
jxz
0.01
0.001
0.0001 0 0.2
O.G
0,5
1
1.2
l/X
Figu e
3:
I Iono ;i ic
ad;iI
C~OS~
scsc ioii
s.
equen y
o
:I
squa e pla e
o
side
a,
o
no mal iiic.idcn e.
c.ompa ed
o
lw measu emen s epo ,d
in
[GI
( he cdcula ioii
is
o
a
ze o- liicli~iehs
pla e.
and
he
iiieaw enieii s a e
o
a
pla e
o
liickiiess
0
00012iX).
543