Public recreation is an environmental aspect affecting not only the environment

259 PUBLIC RECREATION IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT AFFECTING NOT ONLY THE ENVIRONMENT Da id B andejs, Ma ina Vařecho á, Pa el Klika, Ví ězsla a Hla inko á B no Uni e si y o Technology, Ins i u e o Fo ensic Enginee ing, Pu kyňo a 118, 612 00 B no, Czech Republic h ps://doi.o g/10.11118/978-80-7509-831-3-0259 Abs ac Op imal ec ea ion should lead o he egene a ion o he o ganism, which is condi ioned by a e ea om e e yday wo ies and wo k esponsibili ies. The mos e icien and eliable way is o a el o places ha a e almos he opposi e o e e yday li e. The di e si y o equi emen s o indi iduals who a e i ed o physical o men al wo k logically implies he di e si y o ec ea ional a eas. The e a e a la ge numbe o cul u al and na u al monumen s, moun ain eso s, spas and wa e a eas. Howe e , he inc eased concen a ion o ou is s in hese locali ies may be ambi alen . A posi i e economic e ec can be he educ ion o unemploymen and he de elopmen o local business in ou is a ac ions. These aspec s lead o longe - e m egional s abili y. The nega i e impac is mainly en i onmen al pollu ion by ca bon dioxide emissions. In some cases, he e is also unwan ed noise pollu ion, ligh smog and changes in local hyd ogeology associa ed wi h unplanned de elopmen . Wi h he g owing popula i y o a el, he demands on he quali y and quan i y o no only holiday accommoda ion a e g owing, which has led o a sha p ise in p ope y p ices in his segmen . The s udy maps how he en i onmen al aspec o he a ac i eness o a holiday o ou is des ina ion a ec s he alue o esiden ial eal es a e. Key wo ds: En i onmen , ou ism, ou is si es, economic impac s In oduc ion A ypical ou is a ac ion o he Sou h Mo a ian Region is he his o ic own o Znojmo, in he Czech Republic, whe e, in addi ion o publicly accessible monumen s, o he in e es ing cul u al e en s ake place in a ew days. The numbe o accommoda ed isi o s is eco ded in he Czech S a is ical O ice da abase. This ac was used o c ea e a s a is ical model. Ma e ials and me hods The basic and mos impo an basis o e alua ing he esea ch goal a e p ice da a on ealized sales o eal es a e wi h a esiden ial unc ion and s a is ical da a om he public da abase o he Czech S a is ical O ice on he de elopmen o ou ism. As pa o he esea ch p ojec , 5 cadas al a eas in Sou h Mo a ia we e examined, which we e e alua ed as he mos isi ed in e ms o ou ism. The ci y o B no, wi h i s speci ic ma ke , a ea and popula ion, was no included in he esea ch. In his pape , only a pa ial pa o he achie ed esul s is p esen ed. A mode n s a is ical me hod, dependence analysis, was used o e alua e he en i onmen al aspec desc ibed abo e. The mos impo an ools used in his analysis a e co ela ion and eg ession analysis. The ou pu o he co ela ion analysis is a co ela ion coe icien , which be ween he wo a iables indica es he deg ee o hei mu ual co ela ion. Pea son's co ela ion coe icien was used o e alua e he s eng h o he co ela ion. Reg ession analysis is one o he mos commonly used s a is ical me hods ha can examine he ela ionship be ween wo a iables. The ou pu o he eg ession analysis is, among o he hings, he so-called P alue, which indica es how signi ican he c ea ed s a is ical model is and he so-called Signi icance F, which exp esses he s a is ical signi icance o he en i e eg ession model and he sui abili y o he selec ed eg ession unc ion. A simple linea eg ession was chosen o e alua e all si es. Resul s One o he locali ies ha was in es iga ed is he own o Znojmo in he Sou h Mo a ian Region. The subjec o he esea ch was eal es a e wi h a esiden ial unc ion, speci ically amily houses and esiden ial buildings. By emo e access o he eal es a e cadas e, da abases o all p ice da a om cadas al a eas we e ob ained o all egis e ed pe iods (2014 - p esen ), om which da a on eal es a e wi h a esiden ial unc ion we e subsequen ly analysed. 260 Subsequen ly, speci ic p ice da a om he eal es a e cadas e we e eques ed, which we e p ocessed in o da abases and assigned o he assessed eal es a e. Based on p ices. da a, cadas al maps and map po als, he ag eed p ice pe m2 / yea was de e mined acco ding o he buil -up a ea o buildings, s o ey o buildings and p ice da a, which we e e alua ed on a e age in each yea and each cadas al a ea. In his way, he ag eed p ice pe m2 / yea o buil -up a ea o each p ope y was de e mined. A e age p ices a e clea ly shown in Table 1. - De elopmen o p ices. A he ime o he esea ch, some da a o 2021 we e no ye a ailable, o his eason he ime se ies a e only p ocessed un il 2020. Tab. 1: De elopmen o p ices (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) P ice de elopmen in CZK / m2 2014–2021 c. ./ yea 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Znojmo 10 058 9 899 12 807 13 437 14 726 14 831 16 030 -------- The ollowing g aph also F egula shows he de elopmen o p ices. 0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 18 000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 P ice in CZK/m2 Yea P ice de elopmen G aph. 1 De elopmen o p ices (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) S a is ical da a om he public da abase o he Czech S a is ical O ice on he de elopmen o ou ism (numbe o ou is s who isi ed he si e) a e p ocessed in he ollowing able and g aph. Tab. 2: Tou ism de elopmen (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) Tou ism de elopmen 2014–2021 c. ./ yea 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Znojmo 39 076 43 873 44 706 54 993 57 434 57 911 33 956 -------- A s a is ically signi ican abno mali y o he dec ease in he numbe o isi o s ( ou is s) in he yea s 2020–2021, caused by he co id pandemic, is no sui able o he model om he poin o iew o s a is ical assessmen and would comple ely dis o he esul s ob ained in he eg ession analysis. Fo his eason, he o al da a we e e alua ed only in he pe iod 2014–2019, inclusi e. A e he c ea ion, analysis and p ocessing o basic inpu da a, hese da abases we e es ed by he s a is ical me hods desc ibed abo e wi h he ollowing esul s. 261 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Tou ism de elopmen Yea Tou ism de elopmen 2014 - 2020 G aph. 2 Tou ism de elopmen (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) Loca ion Znojmo Znojmo is a ci y in he Sou h Mo a ian Region, 65 km sou hwes o B no and 80 km no hwes o Vienna. 34,000 inhabi an s li e he e. F om he poin o iew o ou ism, Znojmo Cas le, Loucký Monas e y and o he o me monas e ies, Znojmo chu ches and own houses a e especially sough a e . Some monumen s a e also en e ed in he lis s o cul u al monumen s o he Czech Republic. The ollowing cha shows he de elopmen o ou ism oge he wi h he p ice o eal es a e in he pe iod unde e iew (excluding he numbe o ou is s 2020). G aph. 3 De elopmen o ou ism and p ices (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) In he nex s ep, a unc ion o eg ession analysis was sough . The linea unc ion was e alua ed as he mos sui able. The linea dependence o he p ice on ou ism is clea ly shown in he g aph. R2 indica es he deg ee o explana ion o he in luence o ou ism on he p ice o eal es a e = 83.43%. Subsequen ly, a co ela ion analysis was pe o med. Pea son's co ela ion coe icien was chosen o e alua ion. co ela ion coe icien (Reliabili y se poin R) = 0.792 also indica es a s ong, posi i e linea co ela ion. Signi icance F = 0.0109 is lowe han he signi icance le el 0.05, he linea unc ion is app op ia e, and he o e all model is s a is ically signi ican . The alue o P = 0.01092 is lowe han he alue o S a and he chosen le el o signi icance α = 0.05 and p o es he dependence o he p ice on ou ism. The coe icien o de e mina ion (Reliabili y alue R) = 0.8343 indica es ha he in luence o ou ism on he p ice o eal es a e is explained by he a e o 83.43%. The s anda dized esidues a e less han 2 and hei sum is equal o 0. The alue o P is s a is ically signi ican . 262 A he le el o signi icance α = 5% and he le el o eliabili y 95%, he in luence o ou ism (numbe o ou is s) on eal es a e p ices in he cadas al a ea o Znojmo is p o en. y = 0,2474x + 337,33 R² = 0,8343 0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 P ice (CZK) Numbe o ou is s P ice dependence on ou ism G aph. 4 P ice dependence on ou ism (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) Pea son co ela ion coe icien To al ou is s A e age p ice To al ou is s 1 A e age p ice 0,9134 1 Fig. 1Pea son co ela ion coe icien (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) E o ! No a alid link.Reg ession s a is ics cap u e he esul s o co ela ion and eg ession analysis. Reg ession s a is ics Mul iple R 0,913402904 Reliabili y alue R 0,834304866 Reliabili y se poin R 0,792881082 Mean alue e o 997,0047955 Obse a ion 6 ANOVA Di e ence SS MS F Signi icance F Reg ession 1 20020250,48 20020250,48 20,14072094 0,010923887 Residues 4 3976074,249 994018,5623 To al 5 23996324,72 Coe icien s Mean alue e o S a P alue Lowe 95% Top 95% Lowe 95.0% Topí 95,0% Bo de 337,3270123 2768,337135 0,121851854 0,908892706 -7348,809075 8023,463 -7348,81 8023,463 Tou is s 0,247432084 0,055133874 4,487841457 0,010923887 0,09435591 0,400508 0,094356 0,400508 Fig. 2 Reg ession s a is ics (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) The ollowing able shows he esidues and p obabili ies. RESIDUES PROBABILITY 263 Obse a ion Expec ed A e age p ice CZK / m2 Residues Expec ed A e age p ice CZK / m2 Pe cen ile A e age p ice CZK / m2 1 10005,98312 51,58127114 0,057842866 8,333333333 9898,616914 2 11192,91482 1294,297907 -1,45141634 25 10057,56439 3 11399,02575 1408,0171 1,578940224 41,66666667 12807,04285 4 13944,35959 507,1286153 - 0,568690373 58,33333333 13437,23098 5 14548,34131 177,6860887 0,199255899 75 14726,0274 6 14666,36641 164,1420621 0,184067725 91,66666667 14830,50847 Sum o esidues: 0,00 0,00 Fig. 3 Reg ession s a is ics - Residues (Sou ce: Own p ocessing) A co ela ion coe icien (Mul iple R) = 0.913 indica es a s ong, posi i e linea co ela ion. An adjus ed Discussion The expec ed assump ion o he in luence o ou ism on he p ice o eal es a e in Znojmo was con i med, howe e , o a co ec e alua ion and gene aliza ion i would be mo e conclusi e long- e m esea ch. I i would be possible o include ou is s no cap u ed in he da abase o s aying gues s in he esea ch, he dependence would p obably be e en mo e signi ican . Re inemen would be possible using geoloca ion da a om mobile ope a o s, bu his is only a ailable o he public adminis a ion. Conclusion The bene i s o local ou ism a e clea bu ising esiden ial p ope y p ices may also make housing less a o dable o local esiden s. The ac is ha since 2020, p ope y p ices ha e been ising s eeply almos all o e he Czech Republic, so i is impo an o ho oughly in es iga e he causes o he p ice ises and co ec ly demons a e ha hey a e caused by he ou is a ac ion o he loca ion. Re e ences Czech S a is ical O ice, a ailable om: h ps://www.czso.cz/, Czech Su eying and Cadas e O ice, a ailable om: h ps://cuzk.cz/U od.aspx Acknowledgemen The pape was p epa ed based on he esul s o „Speci ic uni e si y esea ch a VUT", egis e ed a VUT unde he numbe ÚSI-J-21-7453. The unds used o he p ocessing o he esea ch and he con ibu ion we e ully inanced by VUT. Souh n S udie mapuje, jak en i onmen ální aspek a ak i i y ek eační či u is ické des inace o li ňuje nejen ži o ní p os ředí, ale i hodno u ezidenčních nemo i os í (nejen ek eačních objek ů), což dokládá s a is ické yhodnocení za období le 2014 až 2019. Pozi i ním ekonomickým li em mohou bý u is icky a ak i ní lokali ě snížená nezaměs nanos a oz oj mís ního podnikání. Nesledo aným aspek em je ho ší ceno á dos upnos ezidenčních nemo i os í p o mís ní oby a ele. Con ac Ing. Da id B andejs E-mail: da id.b andejs@usi. u b .cz Open Access. This a icle is licensed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional License, CC-BY 4.0 (h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/)