PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 1
Re e ência:
Gomes, I., & Cas o, S. L. (2003). Po lex, a lexical da abase in Eu opean Po uguese.
Psychologica, 32, 91-108.
Po lex, a lexical da abase in Eu opean Po uguese
Inês Gomes1 and São Luís Cas o2
1P o esso Auxilia , Uni e sidade Fe nando Pessoa, Po o, Po ugal
2P o esso Associado, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação,
Uni e sidade do Po o, Po o, Po ugal
Add ess o co espondence:
São Luís Cas o
FPCE-Uni e sidade do Po o
Rua do Campo Aleg e, 1021
P 4169 - 004 Po o Po ugal
Phone: +351 22 607 9756; Fax: +351 22 607 9725; E-mail: slcas [email protected]
Running head: PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 2
Abs ac
This pape p esen s a ool o esea ch in he psychology o language, a compu e ized lexical
da abase in Eu opean Po uguese. Po lex was buil on he basis o a middle sized adul
lexicon, and p o ides o hog aphic, phonological, phone ic, pa -o -speech, and neighbo hood
in o ma ion o abou 30 000 wo ds (unin lec ed con en wo ds and in lec ed unc ion wo ds).
F equency was included whene e possible. A e highligh ing he ole o lexical da abases
o expe imen al esea ch on language, we gi e an o e iew o he sou ces and con en s o
Po lex 1.0, wi h a special emphasis on he 44 di e en ypes o in o ma ion i p o ides. A
b ie cha ac e iza ion o he co pus is also included.
Key wo ds: Da abase, Lexicon, Eu opean Po uguese, Psychology o Language
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 3
Lexical Da abases as Resea ch Tools
Con empo a y esea ch abou language can ha dly be done wi hou an elabo a e and
some imes labo ious p ocess o selec ion o s imuli. Wo ds, syllables o phonemes ha a e
p esen ed o he pa icipan s ha e o be ca e ully chosen no only on he basis o he a iables
unde sc u iny, bu also depending on a numbe o o he cha ac e is ics ha may a ec he
pe cep ual and cogni i e p ocesses in ol ed in he p epa a ion o he esponse. Wo ds ha
di e on seman ic ca ego y may ha e o be ma ched on equency, imageabili y, o syllabic
s uc u e; syllables ha di e on s uc u e may ha e o be chosen acco ding o hei ela i e
equency in he language o po en ial posi ion in he wo d; phonemes ha di e on wo d
posi ion may ha e o be ma ched on o hog aphic consis ency. In o de o accomplish his, an
imp essi e amoun o knowledge is equi ed, namely knowledge on aspec s o language ha
a e, o a e p esumed o be, cogni i ely ele an . A u he sou ce o complica ion is ha
language as such is a highly abs ac en i y. In p ac ice, wha he esea che deals wi h a e
speci ic languages, such as English, Po uguese, F ench, e c. Thus, he need o a eliable
sou ce o in o ma ion ha is bo h language speci ic and cogni i ely ounded has become
appa en wi h he ad ances o expe imen al and neu opsychological language esea ch.
Compu e ized lexical da abases a e a esponse o his need.
O e he las yea s, se e al da abases ha e been de eloped. One o he i s was he
MRC Psycholinguis ic Da abase (Col hea , 1981), ha ga he ed psycholinguis ic measu es
on 150 000 English wo ds. O he languages ollowed; o example, F ench, wi h B ulex
(Con en , Mous y, & Radeau, 1990) and Lexique (New, Pallie , Fe and, & Ma os, 2001),
Du ch and Ge man wi h Celex (Baayen, Piepenb ock, & Gulike s, 1995), and Spanish
(Piñei o & Manzano, 2000). Mos we e de eloped om adul ocabula ies, bu o he s a e
based on child en's lexica (e.g., Piñei o & Manzano, ib., Lambe & Chesne , 2001).
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 4
Typically, hese da abases p o ide o hog aphic, phonological, g amma ical and equency
in o ma ion on ei he lemmas (unin lec ed wo d o ms) o in lec ed wo d o ms, bu hey a y
widely on o ma and size. Fo example, B ulex has ca. 30 000 lexical en ies, mos o hem
lemmas ( e bs in he in ini i e; con en wo ds in he singula o m), and some in lec ed wo ds
(a icles and p onouns; non-homophonic plu al and eminine o ms, e.g., jou nal/jou naux;
pe i /pe i e); 29 in o ma ions a e gi en o each en y, anging om phonological ansc ip ion
o neighbo hood coun . Lexique is composed o h ee ela ed iles, one based on w i en
in lec ed wo d o ms (ca 130 000 en ies), ano he on lemmas (ca 55 000 en ies), and he hi d
compiling equency measu es o le e s, big ams, ig ams, phonemes and syllables o he
in lec ed wo d o ms. Celex is a ilingual da abase, ha comp ises h ee sepa a e lexica in
Du ch, English and Ge man: lemmas, wo d o ms, and he co pus lexicon ha combines bo h.
The numbe o en ies depends on ype o lexicon and language, om ca 52,000 Ge man
lemmas o 380,000 Du ch wo d o ms, wi h English in-be ween – ca 53,000 lemmas and
160,000 wo d o ms. App oxima ely 950 di e en ypes o linguis ic and psycholinguis ic
in o ma ions a e p o ided o each en y (Bu nage, 1990; Piepenb ock, 2001).
In a ecen e iew, Nascimen o, Rod igues and Gonçal es (1996) lis ed 26 co po a in
Eu opean Po uguese (c . also h p://www.clul.ul.p /). Abou hal a e lexical da abases ha
con ain w i en wo ds; some include mo pho-syn ac ic anno a ions, o he s phone ic
ansc ip ions. Howe e , none p o ides he ange o in o ma ions ha a e equi ed o
cogni i ely-o ien ed esea ch on language (c . Appendix A). This si ua ion lead us o de elop
Po lex.
Po lex: Sou ces, O e iew, Co pus and Va iables
Po lex is a compu e ized lexical da abase in Eu opean Po uguese designed as a ool
o esea ch in he psychology o language. I was buil on he basis o a middle sized adul
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 5
lexicon, and p o ides o hog aphic, phonological, pa -o -speech, and neighbo hood
in o ma ion o each en y. I s cu en e sion, Po lex 1.0, con ains 29,238 di e en wo ds
and 44 ypes o in o ma ion. Po lex 1.0 is in Excel o ma (Mic oso Co po a ion, 1998). I is
a ailable o non-comme cial pu poses upon eques o he au ho s.
Sou ces o Po lex
Lexical en ies, g amma ical and mo phological classi ica ion, syllabica ion, phone ic
ansc ip ion and equency in o ma ion we e collec ed om a ious sou ces. The e a e lis ed
on a sepa a e sec ion o he Re e ences, and will be b ie ly e iewed he e. Po lex wo ds come
om he Dicioná io Uni e sal Fundamen al (Tex o Edi o a, 1998), ha was selec ed because
o i s size. In he p ocess o compiling he emaining sou ce in o ma ions, i became clea ha
he inal selec ion o he lexical en ies had o be ine uned. Fo ha pu pose, we used Po o
Edi o a (Cos a & Melo, 1997) and Cândido de Figuei edo dic iona ies (1996), as well as he
g amma s o Cunha and Cin a (1987), Ma eus, B i o, Dua e and Fa ia (1989), and Vilela
(1995). The g amma s we e speci ically used o en e in lec ed p onouns and con ac ions, as
well as p eposi ions and conjunc ions. Mo phological classi ica ion and g amma ical class
we e also compiled om hese sou ces. Syllabica ion o he o hog aphic wo d o ms was
ma ked acco ding o Michaelis dic iona y (Melho amen os, 1998). Phone ic ansc ip ions
we e based on he pocke Langenscheid s Po uguese dic iona y (I men & Kolle , 1995) and
on Vilela (1991). F equency in o ma ion comes om Nascimen o, Ma ques and C uz (1987)
and Nascimen o, Ri enc and C uz (1987), he only sou ce o equency in o ma ion a ailable
o us du ing he pe iod while Po lex was being compiled. The "Dicioná io da Língua
Po uguesa Con empo ânea" (Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, 2001), ha includes phone ic
ansc ip ion, and CORLEX, a mo e ecen sou ce o equency in o ma ion (Nascimen o,
Cas elei o, Ma ques, Ba e o, & Ama o, n.d.) we e a ailable sho ly a e wa ds1.

PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 6
Po lex en ies we e inse ed au oma ically whene e possible. Howe e , because we
we e unable o ind sou ce in o ma ion in compa ible elec onic o ma , abou a hi d o hese
was yped in manually. Fo example, a he ime Po lex was s a ed he e we e no Po uguese
middle-sized dic iona ies ha included phone ic ansc ip ion o he wo ds, and hese had o
be en e ed indi idually. A comp ehensi e su ey o Po lex con en s ollows.
O e iew
F om he sou ce in o ma ions, we ex ac ed au oma ically almos all o he emaining
Po lex con en s (c . Table 1). Some compu a ions, like he numbe o le e s in a wo d, we e
pe o med on a single en y. O he s we e s uc u al, in ha hey explo ed he ela ions
be ween wo ds; hese we e compu ed on mul iple en ies.
____________________
Inse Table 1 abou he e
____________________
The o hog aphic ep esen a ion is a good s a ing poin o a lexical da abase, because
in all likelihood i is he mos obus way o ep esen a wo d. Being based on widely accep ed
con en ions ha a e ha dly e e upda ed, he w i en o m o he wo d a ely changes.
Acco dingly, Po lex is based on he o hog aphic wo d o ms, ha dic a e he alphabe ical
o de by which wo ds a e o ganized. Se e al in o ma ions a e speci ically ela ed o his
wo d o m: whe he i con ains diac i ics, how i is di ided in o syllables, and how many
le e s and syllables i con ains (Va iables 3, 10, 11 and 16, espec i ely), among o he s.
The ep esen a ion o he spoken wo d, howe e , is mo e p one o a iabili y. In
Po lex, we p esen wo ansc ip ions o each wo d, he phone ic wo d o m ha di e en ia es
be ween allophones (e.g., di e en symbols o he i s and las segmen o lua and sal,
espec i ely), and he phonemic wo d o m whe e ha le el o phone ic de ail is absen (see
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 7
nex sec ion o a ulle explana ion). The symbols used in he ansc ip ions a e p esen ed in
Appendix B. Due o he lack o a well es ablished sou ce o he ansc ip ion o spoken
wo ds in S anda d Eu opean Po uguese, and also because i is a use ul in o ma ion as such,
Po lex includes a a iable ha signals he wo ds o which mo e han one b oad phone ic
ansc ip ion is accep able (c . in a Va iable 6, Va ian Poin e ), and he al e na i e phone ic
ansc ip ions a e gi en as sepa a e en ies ( o a maximum o h ee di e en al e na i es, c .
Va iables 40 o 42). Po lex gi es addi ional in o ma ions abou he cha ac e is ics o spoken
wo ds; o example, how many schwas hey include, how hey a e di ided in o syllables,
whe e is he s essed syllable; also a poin e o ambisyllabici y, he leng h in numbe o
phonemes o o syllables, and wo di e en ypes o phone ic pa e ns, one based on a g oss
classi ica ion o speech sounds, ano he mo e dis inc i e. Fo some o hese, he di e ence
be ween phone ic and phonemic wo d o ms is i ele an . In such cases, we use he label
phonological (c . Va iables 14 and 17).
I espec i e o whe he hei o m is w i en o spoken, wo ds all in o di e en ype-
o -speech classes. Po lex p o ides his in o ma ion in Va iables 7 and 8, whe e wo ds a e
classi ied acco ding o g amma ical class, and as open o closed, espec i ely. The
g amma ical gende o he wo d is also gi en; because nouns and adjec i es a e unin lec ed,
we added a a iable ha signals whe he gende in lexion is pe missible and ano he ha
ma ks plu al o ms (Va iables 19 o 21).
Po lex also p o ides s uc u al measu es on he simila i ies be ween wo ds, ha we e
ex ac ed by compa ing he cha ac e is ics o a gi en lexical en y wi h he emaining Po lex
en ies. One se o such measu es deals wi h neighbo hood simila i ies: neighbo hood
densi ies, uniqueness poin s and he lis ing o he neighbo s o a gi en a ge we e compu ed
o o hog aphic, as well as o phone ic and o phonemic wo d o ms (Va iables 23 o 31).
Neighbo s we e de ined acco ding o Luce (1986; also Cha les-Luce & Luce, 1990), as wo ds
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 8
ha di e on a single phoneme ei he by subs i u ion o by dele ion/addi ion when ela i e
se ial posi ion o he segmen s is main ained, and uniqueness poin s acco ding o Ma slen-
Wilson and Tyle (1980; also Ma slen-Wilson, 1990) as he posi ion o he segmen ha
disc imina es a wo d om i s neighbo s, coun ed om he beginning. The second se o
s uc u al compu a ions in ol ed he compa ison be ween o hog aphic and phone ic
wo d o ms in o de o ex ac he numbe o nonhomophonic homog aphs, homog aphic
homophones and nonhomog aphic homophones, ha a e p esen ed in Va iables 32 o 34. Fo
a de ailed p esen a ion o he compu a ional p ocedu es, see Gomes (2001).
Co pus
As a ool o esea ch in he psychology o language, Po lex should inco po a e wo ds
p esumably ep esen ed in he men al lexicon. This hough guided he c i e ia ha we e
adop ed o ine- une he selec ion o lexical en ies in o Po lex. Fo p ac ical easons we had
o s a wi h lemmas a he han wo d o ms, bu in he case o a icles and p onouns should
eminine o plu al o ms be le ou , like, say, he wo d 'we'? Based on he well es ablished
dis inc ion be ween con en s. unc ional wo ds (e.g., F omkin & Rodman, 1998; Segalowi z
& Lane, 2000), we decided o include he in lec ed o ms o unc ional wo ds, and as many
di e en o ms o his ype o wo ds as possible. G amma s we e chosen as he p ima y
sou ce o he inclusion o all o ms o a icles, p onouns, p eposi ions, con ac ions and
conjunc ions in o Po lex. Fo he emaining wo d ypes, dic iona ies we e used as he sou ce
o Po lex en ies.
____________________
Inse Table 2 abou he e
____________________
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 9
The main cha ac e is ics o he esul ing co pus a e summa ized in Table 2. Nouns
accoun o 56% o he wo ds; adjec i es and e bs a e he second la ges ca ego ies, each
wi h ca 20% o he co pus. E en wi h he c i e ion o including all o ms (in lec ionally and
lexically) o a icles, p onouns, con ac ions, p eposi ions and conjunc ions, and only he
nonin lec ed o ms o nouns, adjec i es and e bs, he di e ence in he numbe o en ies o
hese ca ego ies is huge. Ad e bs accoun o 4% o Po lex. Almos 90% o hem a e de i ed
om adjec i es by addi ion o he su ix –men e (equi alen o –ly). Fo his eason (c .
Azuaga, 1996), hey we e classi ied as open class wo ds, oge he wi h nouns, adjec i es and
e bs. These accoun o 98% o he co pus. The e is an almos e en dis ibu ion o nouns in o
eminine s. masculine o ms, and ca 2% o hem a e in he plu al o m.
Va iables
In his sec ion, we p esen a synopsis o he di e en a iables in Po lex. Fo each, we
show Numbe , Code Name and Name p ope , Values (examples o s ing ype a iables;
codes o classi ica ion a iables; and ange o nume ic a iables), and a b ie explana o y
de ini ion (Concep ).
1. # - Numbe
VALUES: 1, 2, . . ., 29 238.
CONCEPT: En y numbe acco ding o alphabe ical o de o he o hog aphic wo d o ms.
Homog aphs a e o de ed by g amma ical class (see a iable 7, G amma ical Class) whene e
possible.
2. O o - O hog aphic Wo d o m
VALUES: a á el, alpe ca a, boneca, c í ico, lenha, musgo, sala, . . .
CONCEPT: O hog aphic wo d o ms in lowe case including diac i ics. These a e he p ima y
en ies o Po lex. They consis o unin lec ed con en wo ds and in lec ed unc ion wo ds o a
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 16
26. DFo - Phone ic Densi y
VALUES: 0, 1, . . ., 25.
CONCEPT: Numbe o phone ic neighbo s, whe e neighbo is any o he phone ic en y ha
di e s on one segmen only, by subs i u ion o by addi ion/dele ion, while p ese ing ela i e
posi ion o he segmen s. Homophones we e excluded om he compu a ion. This alue was
compu ed by an au oma ic se ial check o all phone ic en ies, excluding homophones, and
was no sensi i e o s ess. E.g., salA has 14 phone ic neighbo s (c . in a).
27. VFo - Phone ic Neighbo s
VALUES: alA, balA, alA, galA, malA, palA, sakA, saGA, sajA, sElA, silA, sOlA, alA, alA;
…; [emp y] i no neighbo s.
CONCEPT: Lis o phone ic neighbo s o he wo d o m.
28. PUFo - Phone ic Uniqueness Poin
VALUES: 1, 2, . . ., 19.
CONCEPT: Posi ion o he phone, coun ed om he s a , ha uniquely iden i ies he phone ic
wo d o m om i s neighbo s. E.g., o salA PU = 3 because he p eceding phones a e sha ed
wi h saKA (no e ha due o he ela iza ion o he inal /l/, he phone ic ansc ip ion o he
wo d sal also di e s in he hi d phone, sa9).
29. DFom - Phonemic Densi y
VALUES: 0, 1, . . ., 28.
CONCEPT: Numbe o phonemic neighbo s, whe e neighbo is any o he phonemic en y ha
di e s on one segmen only, by subs i u ion o by addi ion/dele ion, while p ese ing ela i e
posi ion o he segmen s. This alue was compu ed by an au oma ic se ial check o all
phonemic en ies, excluding homophones, and was no sensi i e o s ess. E.g., salA has 16
phonemic neighbo s (c . in a).
30. VFom - Phonemic Neighbo s

PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 17
VALUES: alA, balA, alA, gala, malA, palA, sakA, saga, sajA, sal, salsA, sElA, silA, sOlA,
alA, alA; …; [emp y] i no neighbo s.
CONCEPT: Lis o phonemic neighbo s o a gi en wo d o m.
31. PUFom - Phonemic Uniqueness Poin
VALUES: 1, 2, . . ., 18.
CONCEPT: Posi ion o he phoneme, coun ed om he s a , ha uniquely iden i ies he
phonemic wo d o m om i s neighbo s. E.g., o salA PU = 4 because he p eceding phones
a e sha ed wi h sal.
32. HGnF - Nonhomophonic Homog aphs
VALUES: 1, 2, 3; [emp y] i no nonhomophonic homog aphs.
CONCEPT: Fo a gi en o hog aphic wo d o m, numbe o iden ical en ies ha di e on
phone ic/phonemic wo d o m. This is one o he wo sole ins ances o epea ed o hog aphic
wo d o ms ( o he o he , see below). E.g., colhe , [ku’LE ], and colhe , o [ku’Le ]. Since
hese cases a e sca ce, only posi i e cases a e ma ked.
33. HGHF - Homog aphic Homophones
VALUES: 1, 2, 3, 4; [emp y] i no homog aphic homophones.
CONCEPT: Numbe o en ies wi h iden ical o hog aphic and phone ic/phonemic wo d o ms
ha di e on g amma ical class. This ollows om he c i e ion adop ed o es ablish he
da abase, and i is one o he wo sole ins ances o epea ed en ies (see abo e). Since
homog aphic homophones a e sca ce, only posi i e cases a e ma ked.
34. HFnG - Nonhomog aphic Homophones
VALUES: 1, 2, 3, 4, [emp y] i no nonhomog aphic homophones.
CONCEPT: Fo a gi en o hog aphic wo d o m, numbe o en ies wi h iden ical
phone ic/phonemic sequences i espec i e o s ess posi ion. S ic ly speaking, hese a e
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 18
segmen al homophones; e.g., únel, [‘ unE9] and onel, [ u’nE9]. Since hese cases a e sca ce,
only posi i e cases a e ma ked.
35. PFo 1 - G oss Phone ic Pa e n
VALUES: V’CV.CVC, VC.CVC’CV.CV, . . .; whe e C = consonan , V = owel, G =
semi owel, and H = homo ganic nasal.
CONCEPT: Classi ica ion o he segmen s o he phone ic wo d o m in o consonan , owel o
glide ypes (C, V, G, espec i ely). Because o he coa icula o y na u e o homo ganic
nasals, hese we e classi ied sepa a ely (H). Syllable bounda ies and s ess ma ks a e shown.
36. PFo 2 - De ailed Phone ic Pa e n
VALUES: V’SV.ZVL, VL.PVF’PV.PV, . . .; whe e P = oiceless s op; B = oiced s op; S =
oiceless ica i e; Z = oiced ica i e; L = la e al app oximan ; N = nasal; V = o al owel;
M = nasal owel; G = o al semi owel; W = nasal semi owel; R = ill; F = lap; D =
ica iza ion o /b, d, g/; H = homo ganic nasal.
CONCEPT: Classi ica ion o he segmen s o he phone ic wo d o m acco ding o manne
(s op, nasal, ill, lap, ica i e, app oximan ; owel), oicing, and o al s. nasal quali y.
Coa icula o y homo ganic nasals we e included as a sepa a e ca ego y. Syllable bounda ies
and s ess ma ks a e shown.
37. In O - Re e se O hog aphic Wo d o m
VALUES: le à a, a ac epla, acenob, oci í c, ahnel, ogsum, alas, . . .
CONCEPT: Backwa d sequence o he o hog aphic wo d o m ( om a iable 2, O hog aphic
Wo d o m, hus wi h diac ics).
38. In F - Re e se Phone ic Wo d o m
VALUES: 9E a A, A ak 6p9a, AkEnub, uki i k, ANAl, ugZum, Alas, . . .
CONCEPT: Backwa d sequence o he phone ic wo d o m.
39. Maius - Uppe case Wo d o m
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 19
VALUES: AFAVEL, ALPERCATA, BONECA, CRITICO, LENHA, MUSGO, SALA, . . .
CONCEPT: O hog aphic wo d o m in uppe case wi hou diac i ics (bu wi h cedilla).
40. VFo 1 - Phone ic Va ian 1
41. VFo 2 - Phone ic Va ian 2
42. VFo 3 - Phone ic Va ian 3
VALUES: ´leNA, ´lAjNA, ´lENA; …, [emp y] i no phone ic a ian .
CONCEPT: Al e na i e phone ic ansc ip ion(s) o he wo d o m, [emp y] i no phone ic
a ian s o i he e a e less han 3 phone ic a ian s.
43. Va Lex - Lexical Va ian O hog aphic Wo d o m
VALUES: alpa ca a, alpe ga a, alpa ga a; bonec a; . . .; [emp y] i no lexical a ian .
CONCEPT: O hog aphic wo d o m o he lexical a ian (lowe case wi h diac i ics).
44. Fo Va L - Lexical Va ian Phone ic Wo d o m
VALUES: a9.pA ’ka. A, a9.p6 ’ga. A; a9.pA ’ga. A; bu´nEk A; . . .; [emp y] i no lexical
a ian .
CONCEPT: Phone ic ansc ip ion o he lexical a ian .
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 20
Acknowledgmen s
The au ho s would like o acknowledge Po o Edi o a o making a ailable he
elec onic e sion o he en ies om Dicioná io da Lingua Po uguesa (Cos a, & Melo,
1997). This esea ch was suppo ed in pa by a FCT g an o he Cen e o Psychology a he
Uni e si y o Po o (Language G oup). I. Gomes was suppo ed by a FCT g an (PRAXIS
XXI/BD/4529/94).
Co espondence should be add essed o: São Luís Cas o, FPCE-Uni e sidade do
Po o, ua Campo Aleg e, 1021, P 4169 - 004 Po o, Po ugal ([email p o ec ed]).
PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 21
Foo no es
1. Po lex was s a ed in 1998, and he inal compu a ions we e comple ed in ea ly 2000.
DLPC, he i s Po uguese dic iona y o p o ide phone ic ansc ip ions in Eu opean
Po uguese o a middle sized ocabula y, appea ed in ea ly 2001 (Academia das Ciências de
Lisboa, 2001). The en ies om he Dicioná io da Língua Po uguesa (Cos a & Melo, 1997)
we e made a ailable o us in elec onic o ma , bu hey had o be checked indi idually in
o de o inse sou ce in o ma ion on phonological cha ac e is ics and syllabica ion, ha we
we e unable o ind in a compa ible elec onic o ma . CORLEX, a co pus ha comp ises 26
443 lemmas and 140 315 wo d o ms, as well equency in o ma ion based on 16 210 438
wo d okens, is now a ailable a he Cen o de Linguís ica da Uni e sidade de Lisboa websi e
a h p://www.clul.ul.p /sec o es/p ojec o lmcpc.h ml.

PORLEX DATABASE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE 22
Re e ences
A. Sou ces o Po lex
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ine une
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