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Dia27:Sed by Angel A cones, 19/11/2008, used unde CC BY 2.0, modi ica ion: cu , sou ce:h ps://www. lick .com/pho os/ eddy-
click-boy/3043533273/in/album-72157608339140317/
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ABSTRACT
Sus ainabili y o ea h building ma e ials – En i onmen al
p oduc decla a ions as an ins umen o compe i ion in
building ma e ial indus y
Ho s Sch oede 1, Man ed Lemke1
1Dach e band Lehm e.V. DVL, Weima , Ge many
The e alua ion o he building p ocess in e ms o hei en i onmen al impac in all li e cycle phases
o a building leads o he key p inciple o sus ainable building: he analysis o he li e cycle o he
ma e ials used in a building. The goal o his analysis is o educe was e and keep he en i onmen al
impac as low as possible by “closing” he cycle. Du ing an in en o y, he en i e li e cycle is assessed.
This includes he sou cing and ex ac ing o he aw ma e ial, he use o he aw ma e ial o p oduce
building p oduc s, elemen s and s uc u es, he use in inished buildings including emission o
pollu an s, decay and main enance, and, inally, he demoli ion o he building and he ecycling o
he demoli ion ma e ials. T anspo a ion be ween he indi idual phases as well as p oduc ion- ela ed
ma e ial and ene gy lows a e also included in his e alua ion.
Se e al Eu opean and na ional no ms and egula ions de ine co e ules and a special ins umen o he
e alua ion o he sus ainable quali y o a building p oduc based on a quan i a i e analysis o he li e
cycle o he ma e ials used in a building: he En i onmen al P oduc Decla a ion EPD. These documen s
a e olun a y s anda ds, commi men s o gua an ees o building p oduc s. They a e p o ided by
p oduce s, o ganiza ions and quali y assu ance associa ions in o de o es ablish he “en i onmen al
pe o mance” o buildings in he o m o a ce i ica e. Such decla a ions mus ully include all phases o
he li e cycle o a p oduc by desc ibing he en i onmen al impac du ing p oduc ion and use as well
as possible heal h haza ds o he use s.
Un il now, EPDs o ea h building p oduc s do no exis . This pape will gi e cu en in o ma ion abou
a p ojec o de eloping EPDs o ea h mo a s and ea h blocks s a ed by he Ge man Dach e band
Lehm e.V. (DVL).
KEYWORDS
Sus ainabili y, en i onmen al impac , building ma e ial indus y
h p://dx.doi.o g/10.4995/ i u io-ija s.2015.4474
46
1. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
In he B und land Commission epo o
he Uni ed Na ions Wo ld Commission on
En i onmen and De elopmen en i led “Ou
Common Fu u e” (1987) he e m “sus ainabili y”
was i s used o desc ibe a las ing de elopmen
o humankind. Sus ainable de elopmen ensu es
ha i “mee s he needs o he p esen wi hou
comp omising he abili y o u u e gene a ions
o mee hei own needs“ (UNO, 1987).
The building p ocess always has a mo e o less
se e e impac on na u al esou ces and cycles.
To apply he e m “sus ainabili y” o cons uc ion
means ha in all phases o he li e o a building,
and wi h espec o he use s' equi emen s, he
use o exis ing esou ces and he en i onmen al
impac need o be minimized. T adi ionally,
du ing he cons uc ion p ocess, he main
assessmen ocused on unc ion and design,
s uc u al enginee ing, ma e ial echnology and
building p ac ice. Today, he building p ocess is
inc easingly seen as an op imiza ion ask whe e
use demands and en i onmen al equi emen s
by he legisla u e need o be in ha mony.
The e o e, he e m “sus ainable de elopmen ”
comp ises h ee aspec s which mus be
conside ed as equals o e an app op ia ed
pe iod o ime (BMVBS, 2011):
sȩ ECOLOGY
sȩ ECONOMYȩANDȩ
sȩ USERȩ DEMANDSȩ SOCIOCULTURALȩ CONCERNSȩ ȩ
unc ional quali y / heal h).
Addi ionally, all buildings cons uc ed acco ding
o he equi emen s o sus ainable building
mus mee p ede ined echnical pa ame e s and
co esponding quali y le els in e ms o planning
and cons uc ion o each o he h ee aspec s.
Ecological and economic aspec s a e be e
de ined as use demands. Se e al cu en EU-
unded esea ch p ojec s a e ocused on he
use s age o building ma e ials. They in end
o imp o e unc ional quali ies and he impac
on heal h o building ma e ials, elemen s and
s uc u es by imp o ed mois u e bu e ing
p ope ies wi h clay as componen in p e-
ab ica ed elemen s (Thomson e al. 2015),
educed VOC ( ola ile o ganic compounds)
emission and highe ene gy sa ings in use a
lowe cos s [www.eco-see.eu, www.h-house-
p ojec .eu, www.isobiop ojec .eu.
In Ge many, he gene al equi emen s placed on
building ma e ials and building elemen s wi h
ega d o hei echnical quali y a e egula ed
by he Model Building Code o he S a es o he
Fede al Republic o Ge many (Mus e bauo dnung
ü die Lände de Bundes epublik Deu schland –
MBO). Acco ding o he MBO, building p oduc s,
ma e ials, elemen s and sys ems a e p oduced
o pe manen ins alla ion in s uc u es. “Building
p oduc s a e only o be used i he s uc u es
hey a e used in, along wi h p ope main enance
o e a ime pe iod which is p opo iona e o i s
pu pose, mee he equi emen s o his law o
a e sui able o hei in ended use based on his
law” (MBO, §3.2).
The MBO lis s he ollowing aspec s as he main
equi emen s o he building ma e ials' and
building elemen s' sui abili y o use:
sȩ MECHANICALȩSTRENGTHȩANDȩSTABILITY
sȩ FIREȩPROTECTION
sȩ HYGIENEȩ HEALTHȩ ANDȩ ENVIRONMENTALȩ
p o ec ion,
sȩ SAFETYȩINȩUSE
sȩ SOUNDȩINSULATION
sȩ ENERGYȩCONSERVATIONȩANDȩHEATȩINSULATION
The Regula ion o he Eu opean Pa liamen and
o he Council o “Laying down ha monized
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condi ions o he ma ke ing o cons uc ion
p oduc s” published in Ma ch 2011 (Eu opäisches
Pa lamen ; Ra de Eu opäischen Union, 2011)
in oduces an addi ional equi emen : he
sus ainable use o na u al esou ces. Acco ding
o he egula ion, buildings mus be designed,
buil and demolished a e hei use in a manne
which acili a es he sus ainable use o na u al
esou ces and gua an ees he ollowing:
sȩ 4HEȩ BUILDINGȩ ITSȩ BUILDINGȩ MATERIALSȩ ANDȩ
building elemen s need o be ecyclable a e
demoli ion.
sȩ 4HEȩBUILDINGȩMUSTȩBEȩDURABLE
sȩ %NVIRONMENTALLYȩ FRIENDLYȩ RAWȩ MATERIALSȩ ANDȩ
seconda y building ma e ials mus be used in
he cons uc ion o he building.
This egula ion also equi es he na ional
go e nmen s o he EU o apply p inciples o
sus ainable de elopmen o building ac i i ies in
hei espec i e coun ies. In o de o es ablish
sus ainable de elopmen i is necessa y o
explici ly o mula e p o ec ion objec i es
ega ding he en i onmen , economy and he
use s’ in e es s. Examples o gene al p o ec ion
objec i es a e he a oidance o ha m ul
subs ances, a educ ion in he use o ene gy as
well as land and esou ces, and he p e en ion
o was e h ough ma e ial eco e y. Based on
he knowledge o cause and e ec ela ionships,
ac ion s a egies need o be de i ed om he
p o ec ion objec i es. These s a egies should
a ge h ee le els: aw and building ma e ials,
building cons uc ion, and su oundings
(Glücklich, 2005). The e ec s caused by he
building p ocess on hese le els need o be
desc ibed h ough indica o s and by de ining
assessmen s anda ds.
S anda ds o he assessmen o he sus ainabili y
o buildings in e ms o hei en i onmen al,
social and economic quali ies a e speci ied in
he DIN EN 15643 g oup o s anda ds. Whe eas
he ISO 21929-1 in e na ional s anda d de ines
a amewo k o he de elopmen o indica o s
and o he compila ion o co e indica o s
o buildings, ISO 15392 o mula es gene al
p inciples o sus ainable building.
2. THE LIFE CYCLE AND MATERIAL
CYCLE OF A BUILDING
The e alua ion o he ac ion s a egies desc ibed
abo e in e ms o hei en i onmen al impac
in all li e cycle phases o a building leads o
he key p inciple o sus ainable building: he
analysis o he li e cycle o he ma e ials used in
a building. The goal o his analysis is o educe
was e and keep he en i onmen al impac as
low as possible by “closing” he cycle. Du ing
an in en o y, he en i e li e cycle is assessed.
This includes he sou cing and ex ac ing o he
aw ma e ial, he use o he ma e ial o p oduce
building p oduc s, elemen s and s uc u es, he
use in he inished building including i s indoo
en i onmen al p ope ies, he li e span wi h
main enance, and, inally, he demoli ion o he
building and he ecycling o he demoli ion
ma e ials. T anspo a ion be ween he indi idual
phases as well as p oduc ion- ela ed ma e ial and
ene gy lows a e also included in his e alua ion.
When passing h ough each phase o he li e
cycle he building ma e ial needs o mee he
equi emen s o sus ainable building de ined in
Chap e 1. These equi emen s a e desc ibed
wi h he help o ele an pa ame e s which
a e de e mined h ough s anda dized es ing
p ocedu es. Fo example, a building ma e ial
needs o ha e adequa e comp essi e s eng h
o be sui able o load-bea ing cons uc ion o
p oo low VOC ( ola ile o ganic compounds)
48
emission in use acco ding o EN ISO 16000
e .al. Mee ing he es c i e ia ensu es ha he
equi ed quali ies o a ce ain li e cycle phase
ha e been a ained a e comple ing his s age.
Only hen is he building ma e ial o building
elemen sui able o use.
Figu e 1 shows he li e cycle model o ea h as
a building ma e ial (Dach e band Lehm e.V.,
2004) (Sch oede , 2016). A e passing h ough
each li e cycle phase, he ea hen ma e ial
a ains a new quali y: aw soil becomes soil o
cons uc ion; cons uc ion soil is p ocessed in o
ea h building ma e ials e c. By eusing ecycled
ea hen ma e ials he li e cycle becomes sel -
sus aining.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
En i onmen al managemen is pa o he
managemen sys em o an o ganiza ion. I
de elops ac ion s a egies o en i onmen al
p o ec ion a he company le el as well as he
o icial au ho i y le el in o de o ensu e he
en i onmen al compa ibili y o he p oduc s and
p ocesses de eloped by he company and i s
s a pe o mance.
The e m li e cycle assessmen desc ibes
he sys ema ic, quan i a i e analysis o he
en i onmen al impac o p oduc s h oughou
hei li es in he o m o ecological assessmen
esul s. He e, “en i onmen al impac ” e e s o
he use o esou ces as well as he en i onmen al
e ec s o emissions a e e y phase in a p oduc 's
li e ime. The esul s o he analysis make i
possible o ind measu es o educing he
en i onmen al impac o o compa ing di e en
p oduc s.
The li e cycle assessmen has become a gene ally
accep ed me hodological app oach o he
quan i a i e e alua ion o he sus ainabili y o
building ma e ials and building p oduc s.
On a Eu opean le el, he ollowing s anda ds o
conduc ing a li e cycle assessmen a e cu en ly
a ailable:
DIN EN ISO 14040:2009-11 En i onmen al
managemen - Li e cycle assessmen - P inciples
Figu e 1.
Li e cycle o ea h as
a building ma e ial
(Dach e band Lehm e.V.,
2004) (Sch oede , 2016)

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and amewo k,
DIN EN ISO 14044:2006-10 En i onmen al
managemen - Li e cycle assessmen -
Requi emen s and guidelines.
Acco ding o DIN EN ISO 14040 he li e cycle
assessmen consis s o ou phases. These
phases co espond o each o he and canno be
iewed sepa a ely:
sȩ DEFININGȩGOALȩANDȩSCOPE
sȩ LIFEȩCYCLEȩINVENTORYȩANALYSIS
sȩ IMPACTȩASSESSMENT
sȩ INTERPRETATIONȩ
3.1 DEFINING GOAL AND SCOPE
A de e mina ion o he goal and scope mus
de ine he use and unc ion o a p oduc and i s
gene al li e cycle om aw ma e ial sou cing o
disposal. Figu e 1 shows his cycle o ea hen
ma e ials.
In e ms o building ma e ials and building
p oduc s, his phase is used o selec and de ine
di e en ma e ial and cons uc ion op ions. To
acili a e his p ocess, so-called unc ional uni s
a e de e mined o se e as a e e ence (such as
a quan i y uni o a building ma e ial o a sample
building as a p oduc -speci ic size). The esul s
o he analysis o he en i onmen al impac can
hen e e o hese unc ional uni s. P oduc uni s
which a e o be compa ed need o ma ch exac ly
in e ms o hei unc ions. Fo example, ende
and plas e should be compa ed as kg pe m²
co e age and insula ion ma e ial as m³ needed
pe W/m2K.
A he beginning, he sys em bounda ies need
o be de e mined by deciding which indica o s
o include in he analysis and which o lea e
ou . “F om c adle o ac o y ga e” and “ om
c adle o g a e” a e ypical examples o sys em
bounda ies. The selec ion o hese indica o s can
in luence he esul o he li e cycle assessmen .
3.2 LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY ANALYSIS
Du ing he li e cycle in en o y analysis phase
he de ined ma e ial and cons uc ion a ia ions
wi hin he de e mined sys em bounda ies a e
es ablished o he ele an ma e ial and ene gy
lows. The li e cycle in en o y analysis con ains
in o ma ion on all ele an consump ion o aw
ma e ials and ene gy, he kind and quan i y
o emissions and ha m ul subs ances and, i
applicable, all quan i ies o was e gene a ed
h oughou he en i e li e ime o he ma e ials
and buildings. This ini ial in o ma ion needs
o be ob ained om he manu ac u e . The
de e mined ma e ial quan i ies a e linked wi h
hei en i onmen al impac du ing he impac
assessmen phase. The li e cycle in en o y
analysis i sel does no include an e alua ion.
Collec ion o he equi ed da a can be e y ime-
consuming unless exis ing da abases can be
used.
P ima y Ene gy In ensi y. The ene gy expendi u e
needed o he p oduc ion o building ma e ials
including he p oduc ion and anspo a ion o
he sou ce ma e ials is an impo an indica o o
he selec ion o “ecological” building ma e ials.
This ene gy expendi u e is called he “p ima y
ene gy in ensi y” (PEI) and is mainly ela ed o he
sys em bounda y “ om c adle o ac o y ga e”.
When i comes o mee ing ene gy needs, he
a ailable ene gy includes enewable (e.g.
biomass), inexhaus ible (e.g. sun) and non-
enewable (e.g. ossil uels) sou ces. The supply
o non- enewable ene gy sou ces is limi ed
and hey should, he e o e, be used spa ingly.
When de e mining he PEI, he amoun o non-
50
enewable ene gy sou ces is iden i ied. This
also makes he PEI a measu emen o he
en i onmen al impac “use o ene gy esou ces”
ca ego y.
Applied o adi ional ea h building, he manual
p ocessing o sui able exca a ion ma e ial in o
ea h building ma e ials and s uc u es on he
building si e was and s ill is he ideal si ua ion
as a as he PEI is conce ned. Pa icula ly he
ac ha no anspo a ion o he ea h building
ma e ial was equi ed esul ed in a PEI o
p ac ically ze o.
Mode n ea h building, howe e , is la gely
mechanized and cha ac e ized by he physical
sepa a ion o building ma e ial p oduc ion
and p oduc use on he building si e. This
au oma ically leads o ene gy consump ion and
anspo a ion. Long-dis ance anspo a ion and
he esul ing high speci ic ene gy consump ion
ha e a nega i e impac on an ecological
assessmen o building ma e ials, e.g. in he
case o a i icial d ying. Tab. 1 shows he PEI
o common modes o anspo acco ding o
(Glücklich,2005):
Mode o anspo PEI [kWh/ km]
Rail 0.43
Passenge ca Wes e n Eu ope 1.43
T uck 40 me ic ons 0.72
T uck 28 me ic ons 1.00
T uck 16 me ic ons 1.45
Van < 3.5 me ic ons 3.10
Ca go ship o e seas 0.04
Ca go ship inland wa e ways 0.27
Table 1.
Ene gy use o common
modes o anspo
In e ms o hei PEI, ea h building ma e ials
a e s ill un i aled compa ed o he main
con en ional building ma e ials. This is e en ue
when addi i es wi h a high embodied ene gy
a e used. A selec ion can be seen in Tab. 2
(Umwel bundesam e al., 1982):
Building ma e ial PEI [kWh/m3]
Ea h 0 – 30
S aw panels 5
Wood, domes ic 300
De i ed imbe p oduc s 800 – 1,500
Fi ed b icks 500 - 900
Cemen 1,700
S anda d conc e e 450 - 500
Sand-lime b icks 350
Shee glass 15,000
S eel 63,000
Aluminum 195,000
Polye hylene PE 7,600 – 13,100
PVC 13,000
Table 2.
P ima y ene gy in ensi y o
selec ed building ma e ials
Cumula i e ene gy demand. The cumula i e
ene gy demand encompasses he ene gy
demand o a building o e i s en i e li e ime
(sys em bounda y “ om c adle o g a e”).
Acco ding o VDI guideline 4600: 2012-01 i is
es ima ed wi h he help o speci ic assump ions
and scena ios. The co esponding en i onmen al
impac s a e compa ed o his ene gy demand.
F equen ly, he PEI o a building ma e ial o a
building echnique is only used o a compa a i e
e alua ion. A ealis ic assessmen , howe e ,
needs o ake all phases in he li e o a building
in o conside a ion because he ac ual p oduc ion
o a building ma e ial and he cons uc ion o a
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building ep esen ela i ely sho ime pe iods.
The e o e, he ad an age o a “low PEI” o an ea h
building ma e ial migh come a he expense
o he du abili y o he s uc u e o a highe
main enance equi emen . Insula ing ma e ials
wi h a highe PEI can o se his “disad an age” by
educing he equi ed ene gy o hea ing, he eby
lowe ing emissions o he en i e li e ime o he
building. In addi ion o he posi i e en i onmen al
impac , hese ma e ials can he e o e also o e
inancial ad an ages o he owne . As a esul , he
de e mina ion o how long a building will be in use
becomes an addi ional impo an sys em bounda y
which has an e ec on he numbe o equi ed
main enance cycles o he building elemen o
ma e ial laye s.
3.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
In his phase, he ma e ial and ene gy lows
collec ed du ing he li e cycle in en o y analysis a e
e alua ed in e ms o hei en i onmen al impac
on he basis o selec ed indica o s and de ined
sys em bounda ies: The causes a e compa ed o
he impac s.
Cu en ly, a numbe o compu e p og ams
con aining da abases o ele an alues can be
used o calcula ing he impac assessmen . The
da a analysis mus be ca ied ou acco ding o
de ined s anda ds. The p og ams GaBi (www.
gabi-so wa e.com), EcoIn en (www.ecoin en .
ch, app ox. 4,500 da a iles) and WECOBIS (www.
wecobis.de o he Ge man Fede al Minis y o he
En i onmen , Na u e Conse a ion, Building and
Nuclea Sa e y) a e examples o commonly used
en i onmen al da abases. The la e has been
a ailable since Janua y 2015. I is s uc u ed based
on he c i e ia o DIN EN 15804 and cu en ly
con ains app ox. 1,300 da a iles which also co e
ea h plas e , ea h blocks and ammed ea h.
3.4 INTERPRETATION
Depending on he speci ic si ua ion, he inal
in e p e a ion o he calcula ed esul s can be
ca ied ou in di e en ways, such as:
sȩ AȩCOMPARISONȩOFȩSUGGESTEDȩDESIGNȩVARIATIONSȩ
(p e e ed a ia ion),
sȩ ECOLOGICALȩIMPACTȩASSESSMENTȩHAZARDS
sȩ IMPACTȩ INȩ RELATIONȩ TOȩ ALREADYȩ EXISTINGȩ
en i onmen al pollu ion.
Today, li e cycle assessmen s a e indispensable
o en i onmen al decision making, o example
when ying o de e mine binding egula ions
o o de s o magni ude o dec easing
CO2 emissions in ele an documen s on an
in e na ional le el. En i onmen al goals can only
be achie ed i hey a e de ined as guidelines in
app op ia e s anda ds and egula ions. This also
includes p oduc s anda ds in he ield o building
ma e ials. The echnical in o ma ion shee s
“Technische Me kblä e 02 – 04” (Dach e band
Lehm e.V, Tm 02, 2011), (Dach e band Lehm
e.V, Tm 03, 2011) (Dach e band Lehm e.V, Tm
04, 2011) published in 2011 by he Ge man
Associa ion o Building wi h Ea h include a
p ocedu e o de e mining he CO2-equi alen
alue on he basis o DIN EN ISO 14040.
App op ia e p ocedu es ha e been included in
DIN s anda ds o ea h blocks and ea h mo a s
(DIN 18945 – 47) as op ional es s (Appendix A).
A li e cycle assessmen equi es a signi ican
e o du ing he planning s age as well as he
willingness o add sus ainable building concep s
o con en ional planning ope a ions. O en, a
lack o su icien da a poses a p oblem. Al hough
he indica o s men ioned abo e allow o a
e y de ailed desc ip ion o ecological impac
ca ego ies, he e a e s ill ha m ul en i onmen al
e ec s which a e gene ally known bu , so a , ha e
52
no been able o be measu ed quan i a i ely. The
e e ence accu acy o co ela ions o indica o s
which ha e al eady been de ined also emains
ques ionable. Finally, he eliabili y o he li e
cycle in en o y da a collec ed in he a ailable
en i onmen al da abases mus be examined.
This mo e o less limi s he alidi y o each esul .
On he o he hand, li e cycle assessmen s a e
al eady a sui able ool o checking i seemingly
easible, ecologically ounded a gumen s can
hold up in eali y. Howe e , he necessa y
undamen als and ins umen s need o be
imp o ed u he .
3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT
DECLARATIONS AND CERTIFICATION OF
BUILDINGS
The li e cycle analysis acco ding o DIN EN ISO
14040 p o ides sys ema ic and s anda dized
da a o eco ding ene gy demands and
en i onmen al consump ion as well as hei
en i onmen al impac s o e he o al li e cycle o
a building.
In addi ion, he en i onmen al pe o mance
o a building acco ding o he p inciples o
sus ainable building comp ises i s echnical
quali y, unc ional aspec s, socio-cul u al
c i e ia as well as loca ion, e.g. anspo a ion
in as uc u e. Finally, cos s a e an impo an
conside a ion o he clien . These aspec s
exceed a “pu e” li e cycle analysis.
Two ins umen s ha e been de eloped o
analyzing he en i onmen al pe o mance o a
building p oduc :
sȩ ENVIRONMENTALȩ LABELSȩ ȩ ENVIRONMENTALȩ
decla a ions o manu ac u e s o building
p oduc s,
sȩ ENVIRONMENTALȩ BUILDINGȩ CERTIFICATESȩ FOR
owne s/clien s.
En i onmen al P oduc Decla a ions. Cu en ly,
h ee ca ego ies o en i onmen al labeling a e
a ailable o manu ac u e s o building p oduc s:
sȩ 4YPEȩ )ȩ ENVIRONMENTALȩ LABELINGȩ ACCORDINGȩ TOȩ
DIN EN ISO 14024 consis s o symbols o logos
which ha e been awa ded by ex e nal bodies
o ou s anding en i onmen al pe o mance.
The eco-labels “Blue Angel” and “na u eplus”
a e ypical examples. Se e al ea h building
p oduc s ca y he la e (na u e plus, e. W.).
sȩ 4YPEȩ))ȩENVIRONMENTALȩLABELINGȩACCORDINGȩTOȩ
DIN EN ISO 14021 consis s o en i onmen al
decla a ions by he p oduce s hemsel es.
This means ha he p oduce s a e esponsible
o hei own decla a ions which hey can ha e
e i ied by ex e nal bodies.
sȩ 4YPEȩ )))ȩ ENVIRONMENTALȩ LABELINGȩ ACCORDINGȩ
o DIN EN ISO 14025 consis s o olun a y
s anda ds, commi men s o gua an ees
o building p oduc s. They a e p o ided
by p oduce s, o ganiza ions and quali y
assu ance associa ions in o de o es ablish he
“en i onmen al pe o mance” o buildings in he
o m o a ce i ica e awa ded by ex e nal bodies.
This ype o label is known as an En i onmen al
P oduc Decla a ion (EPD).
The ollowing s anda ds cu en ly exis o he
de elopmen o EPDs o building p oduc s:
DIN EN 15804 Sus ainabili y o cons uc ion
wo ks – En i onmen al p oduc decla a ions
– Co e ules o he p oduc ca ego y o
cons uc ion p oduc s,
DIN EN 15942 Sus ainabili y o cons uc ion
wo ks – En i onmen al p oduc decla a ions –
Communica ion o ma business- o-business
DIN EN ISO 14025 En i onmen al labels and
decla a ions – Type III en i onmen al decla a ions
– P inciples and p ocedu es,
ISO 21930 Sus ainabili y in building cons uc ion