Enviromental responsability and corporate social responsability

86 Sa e he wo ld!!! By Pa el Ahmed, 16/06/2010, used unde CC BY 2.0, modi ica ion:cu , sou ce: h ps://www. lick .com/pho os/ pa elahmed/4770270959/ Vi u io In e na ional jou nal o A chi ec u e Technology and Sus ainabili y Volume 0 87 ABSTRACT En i omen al esponsabili y and co po a e social esponsabili y Jesús Ma í Fa inós1 1Uni e si a Poli ècnica de València The en i onmen al managemen o companies and o ganiza ions in gene al is going o be in e nalized in he ope a ion and managemen s uc u es, linking concep ual and ch onologically o imp o e co po a e epu a ion, managemen excellence, knowledge and inno a ion. Emb acing, undoub edly oo, wi h he assump ion o an e hical commi men o he company o socie y: en i onmen al sus ainabili y and gene a ional solida i y in he ansmission o cul u e and alues o ha na u e. The exis ing need o know he po en ial impac o business ope a ions on socie y and he en i onmen esul s in he appea ance o a documen , which may well be called a Sus ainabili y Repo o Social Balance, which is compiled om a se ies social indica o s, which a e he ins umen s esponsible o e lec he alue o he sha es held by he company in social and en i onmen al ields. KEYWORDS Social esponsabili y ; En i onmen al esponsabili y h p://dx.doi.o g/10.4995/ i u io-ija s.2015.4477 88 En i onmen al esponsibili y a e Di ec i e 2004/35 / EC and he exis ing En i onmen al Responsibili y law and he Regula ions ha pa ially de elop i , ha e p o ided he Spanish legal sys em o a solid suppo and majo weapons o p e en , an icipa e and epai ac ions ha occu , will occu o migh occu o he en i onmen . Some hing, ha pe haps, in o he a eas o CSR has no happened so deeply and demanding, some imes s aying on me e p oclama ions o p inciple. In ac , en i onmen al esponsibili y and p o use egula ion a e bo h a Eu opean and Spanish le el, he o igin o oday’s mode n concep o co po a e social esponsibili y and he subsequen egula ions issued abou his las ma e . In he abo e sense, hey a e o emphasize some issues, which a e lis ed below. Fi s , co po a e social esponsibili y (CSR) should be unde s ood as a whole o ha monious se whe e all he elemen s ha comp ise i mus be also ully in e nalized by he membe s o he company. I does no seem igh ha a company being igo ous in he en i onmen al aspec because, su ely, he e a e Eu opean, na ional and egional egula ions o cing he company o do i , howe e , ac ing wi h g ea e laxi y in ma e s o equali y, labou , human igh s, e c. Second, he cu en legisla ion on CSR su e s om being oo p og amma ic, mos pa disposi i e and a ely impe a i e, as has been collec ed in he b ie exegesis o A icle 39 o he Law o Sus ainable Economy as has been done in his job. A esponsibili y, whe he social, con ac , o o wha e e i s na u e, mus espond o an exis ing p io obliga ion, o ace o on behal o socie y, s akeholde s o in e es g oups. I canno be le o who should espond, acul y o will o do so. The e o e, we p opose a legisla i e change ha , e en i i is g adually inse s some obliga ions ega ding CSR: obliga ion o p epa e an annual epo o all lis ed companies, obliga ion o he CNMV and he S a e Council on CSR ; egula ing he p ocedu e o g an ing, e iew and e oca ion seal socially esponsible company, obliga ion o e alua e and quan i y CSR by companies, esul ing in CSR accoun ing, e c. In addi ion, one mus unde s and CSR as he esul o a new social con ac , business and socie y, whe e his equi es ha some ex a nego iable de i a i es beha iou s, among o he hings, ei e a ing wha Howa d R. Bowen said, no ing ha companies we e and a e “ i al cen e s o powe and decision-making whose ac ions a ec he li es o ci izens in many ways.” The e o e, hey mus espond, in a synallagma ic way. CSR mus inc easingly be con igu ed as a se o obliga ions- esponsibili ies in socie y, social in e es g oups ha aim o imp o e he quali y o li e in gene al and en i onmen in pa icula . I is impo an also o no e ha wi hin CSR, en i onmen al esponsibili y, as bo h concep ual, p ac ical applica ion and nominal le el i is pa o he o ganiza ional cul u e, bo h p i a e and public, companies and ins i u ions: hus people. In addi ion, i is in eg a ed ac oss he b oade business o co po a e social esponsibili y, bu unlike his as a whole, i s implemen a ion and equi emen is mo e s ingen , p edic ably o being con ined wi hin manda o y ules and because socie y as a whole has a mo e clea conscience, igo ous and demanding in e ms o companies’ compliance. Finally, en i onmen al esponsibili y has been de eloped o p o ide a solid and se led legal sys em in e io ized could be said in his case hanks o a se ies o “ i ues” o Eu opean, na ional and egional ules e e ed o in his pape , which has ul illed hype egula ion, some imes wi h he c i e ia and equi emen s o legal ce ain y, impe a i eness and accomplishing objec i es o Vi u io In e na ional jou nal o A chi ec u e Technology and Sus ainabili y Volume 0 89 gene al in e es pu sued, he eby o se ing he hipo egula ion o CSR as a whole. These “ i ues” can be summa ized in he ollowing i ems: sȩ 4HEȩ INTRODUCTIONȩ OFȩ OBJECTIVEȩ RESPONSIBILITYȩ along subjec i e in de e mining, impu a ion, p e en ing and epai o en i onmen al damage, and, he e o e, conside a ion o en i onmen al damage as a disease ha needs no explici legal ep oach in he sense o equi emen o in en o negligence. Jus he concu ence o he ha m ul ac and he causali y ela ion linking i o an ac o omission o a pe son, na u al o ju idical, o deploy all esponsibili y pu poses. sȩ 4HEȩ DECOUPLINGȩ ORȩ RATHERȩ COMPLEMENTARITYȩ o en i onmen al esponsibili y wi h he ci il ex a con ac esponsibili y, gi ing alue o he en i onmen pe se, se ing i as legally p o ec ed. Insis ha , ega dless o o he p o ec ed igh s, as may be he p ope y, li e o physical in eg i y o he people a ec ed by he damage. Howe e , o he i s ime, en i onmen al damage equi es epai , p e en ion o es i u ion me ely because o he damage and ha he e has been an en i onmen al legal igh . I is wha we migh call he subjec i i y o cus omizing he en i onmen . Tha is, na u e, en i onmen acqui e na u aliza ion as a legal pe soni ica ion, a leas as a subjec suscep ible o be damaged, which acqui es i s own igh o be compensa ed. This is one o he mos signi ican ad ances: he en i onmen as a subjec o igh s, such as alue Figu e 1. 90 and legally p o ec ed. Besides, addi ionally, o o damage caused o pe sons o p ope ies o hese emains. The abo e duali y se s an ad anced en i onmen al law and he adminis a ion, public au ho i ies mus play an impo an ole, as con igu ed as ep esen a i es, gua dianship o p o ec o a e o he en i onmen . Along wi h hose public au ho i ies, ci izens, in e es g oups, a e also en i onmen al olun ee ing and a e se up as public au ho i ies, bu also o he companies, in o de o p e en o , i necessa y, epai , an icipa e and a oid o he u u e, po en ial damage o he en i onmen as a subjec o igh s. Ano he i uous elemen o he new en i onmen al law is ha i is no only in a pallia i e le el bu also in he p e en i e one. No only he pos damnum egula ing ac ions, bu is in ended o an icipa e and p e en such damage can e en happen. The du ies o in o ma ion and pe iodic epo ing, he obliga ion o ake p e en i e measu es by companies and o ganiza ions and, undamen ally, he obliga ion o ha e a inancial gua an ee (ma e ialized in insu ance policy, bank gua an ee o cons i u ion o echnical ese es by a und o his pu pose) wi h a co e age o 20 million eu os, is one o he majo ad ances o he new en i onmen al egula ions, which also is a logical co olla y o objec i e esponsibili y ins i u ed. In conclusion, we no e and ei e a e ha CSR is a whole and mus be ea ed holis ically, plus hey mus also pa ially deploy hei pa icula analysis and e ec s. CSR and ins umen s o make i e ec i e by companies a e pa o he neo-capi alis co po a e cul u e, o a leas , should be pa , because i is one o he bes s ocks o ad ance sus ained and solida i y and ensu ing business and peace ul p ocesses inside and ou side he company. CSR come oge he and pa icipa e in o he business elemen s linked o he concep s o he new business managemen (NBM), such as knowledge managemen , quali y managemen , managemen o ideas and inno a ion. The in angible capi al, he Economy, o he socie y knowledge, a e he ones which can help and con ibu e o he p og ess al eady made in companies and o ganiza ions, he de elopmen and excellence o i s esou ces and o hemsel es, and e iciency. And knowledge, excellence, e iciency, oday no e e eally canno be di o ced om he esponsibili y, indi idually, co po a e (g oup) o social, because ha dly can someone be quali y excellen , i speci ic aspec s ha a ec people a e no aken in o accoun , e en i no om business ela ionships abou supply o goods o se ices. Because you canno be e icien i he cos s a e no a oided no a e wa ned - no esponding o he legi ima e social demands ha also con ibu e o he imp o emen o p ocesses, p ocedu es and p oduc s. Mo eo e , a he ime o se ious c isis in which we li e, o we s and by hese di e en ial aspec s o we can ha dly su i e, su i e and h i e. Because knowledge ul ima ely is e e ywhe e, and like Bal asa G acian s a ed ha he e was no one who I could no lea n om o anyone who I could no each some hing, ad anced company knows ha e e y hing and e e yone has o lea n, a leas lis en, and always espond when asked o is equi ed o. Tha is anspa ency, and only hose who ha e some hing o hide becomes opaque. CSR helps o be anspa en , i helps o be i m, o be a co po a ion. Up o now, he eali y seems o ge us close o a s a e o anslucency-and p ecisely he c isis has no come o help, bu Vi u io In e na ional jou nal o A chi ec u e Technology and Sus ainabili y Volume 0 91 should be aken as an ad an age o p omo e hese aspec s-p ecisely. I he e o e seems necessa y ha public au ho i ies should encou age wi h impe a i e de e mined cha ac e o go om anslucency o anspa ency wi h he impe a i e legisla ion, a ionalizing ha leads us o he in e naliza ion, which make he imposi ion o cul u e change, cul u e esponsibili y. Because only i we a e esponsible we can be mo e demanding a leas e hically, ha ing mo e a gumen s o be demanding. In addi ion, wi h i , we will gene a e con idence, con idence ha in many a eas, we a e missing and needing and is always in he basis o social ac ion. In ac , he his o y o humani y, in a mode n and uni e sal sense, is de ined as he s o y o cul u al ela ions and scien i ic and echnological p og ess o human beings and hei socie ies om i s o igin o he p esen 1, in sho : Cul u e and science, o he name ha can encompass bo h: knowledge, and hence he o Knowledge Socie y2. Wha ad ances and p og ess he human being, in posi i e sense, is p ecisely he inc ease in knowledge, as such, i is s e ile and he e o e hei e ec s un old posi i e and nega i e consequences on hose human ela ionships and sel -e olu ion. The e o e, he e hical aspec ponde s hose ad ances in knowledge in wo ways: elimina ing he ha m ul aspec s o he man i sel (p inciple o digni y); and ensu ing ha he bene i s he eo each all (p inciple o dis ibu i e equali y). Such is he impo ance and signi icance o his business aspec and pe haps i s his o ical con ibu ion o he u u e o humani y om he e hical and p oduc i e pe spec i e. A b ie ou line o his inca dina ion o co po a e social esponsibili y would be as desc ibed in he ig. 1. NOTES 1. In his ega d, UNESCO has emphasized his cul u al and scien- i ic- echnical side, as he key o unde s anding and peace ul e olu- ion be ween people and humans and ha monious unde s anding o he his o y o mankind. A con ibu ion o his was he comple ion in 2009 o he publica ion o he 51 olumes o he collec ion o Ge- ne al and Regional His o ies UNESCO, ho ough wo k ha has la- s ed o abou 57 yea s and has enjoyed he pa icipa ion o mo e han 1,800 his o ians and expe s in he wo ld. The six collec ions o UNESCO a e: His o y o Humani y, Gene al His o y o A ica, Gene al His o y o La in Ame ica, Gene al His o y o he Ca ibbean, His o y o Ci iliza ions o Cen al Asia and Di e en Aspec s o Islamic Cul- u e. You see: h p://po al.unesco.o g/geog aphy/es/e .php-URL_ ID=11754&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.h ml. 2. Wha migh be called he “ iple C: Cul u e + Science = know- ledge”. The e m Knowledge Socie y o Knowledge Socie y e e s o he ex ensi e and in ensi e use o ICT, al hough hese a e con igu- ed as ins umen al o media e elemen o he essen ially impo an : he abili y and he possibili y o inc easing ha knowledge like ne e be o e ook A e all, hanks o ICTs, and make i a ailable o socie y as well as e e could be.