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A Música como recurso didáctico para a Educación Ambiental: análise da realidade e perspectivas na CCAA de Galicia

Tojeiro Pérez, Laura

Abstract

Este trabajo analiza el potencial educativo de la música como recurso didáctico para promover en el aula valores de concienciación ambiental. La integración entre los recursos culturales y ambientales se analiza en esta investigación desde una perspectiva evolutiva, biológica, zoológica, ecológica e interdisciplinar que fundamenta una aproximación a la educación ambiental desde la materia de música. Teniendo en cuenta la estrecha conexión entre medioambiente y cultura en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, este trabajo investiga las prácticas del profesorado de música en enseñanzas obligatorias con respecto a la transmisión de valores de concienciación ambiental. Para ello, se plantea una metodología de carácter mixto que integra técnicas de investigación cuantitativa (cuestionarios) y cualitativa (entrevistas) para obtener una aproximación empírica a la temática investigada. Concretamente, se analizan el conocimiento, la presencia, los usos y la percepción del profesorado sobre el empleo de la música como recurso de concienciación ambiental.

Full text

TESIS DE DOCTORADO L A MÚ SI C A C O MO R EC U R SO DIDÁCTICO PARA LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL: ANÁLISIS DE LA REALIDAD Y PERSPECTI VA S EN LA COMUNIDA D AUTÓNOMA DE GALI CIA Laura Tojeiro Pérez ESCUEL A DE DOCTOR ADO EN A RTES Y HU MANIDA DES, CIENCIAS SOCIALE S Y JU RÍD I CAS D E LA US C PROG RAMA DE DO CTO RADO E N EQUI DAD E I NNO VACI ÓN E N EDUC ACI ÓN I NT ERNA CI ONA L SANTIAGO DE COM POSTELA 2019 DECLARACIÓN DE LA AUTORA DE LA TESIS La Mús ica como recurso didáctico para la Educ ación A mbient al: análisi s de la r ealidad y pe rspectiv as en la C om unidad Autónom a de Galicia Dña. Laura Tojeiro Pérez Presento mi tesis, siguiendo el procedimiento adecuado al Reglamento, y declaro que: 1) La tesis abarca los resultados de la elaboración de mi trabajo. 2) En su caso, en la tesis se hace referencia a las colaboraciones que tuvo este trabajo. 3) La tesis es la versió n defi nitiva presentada pa ra su defensa y coincide con la ve rsión enviada en f ormato electrónico. 4) Confirmo que la tesis no incurr e en n ingún tipo de plagio de otros autores ni de trabajos presentados por mí para la obtención de otros títulos. En Santiago de Compostela, a 5 de julio de 2019 Fdo Dña. Laura Tojeiro Pérez AUTORIZA CIÓN DE LOS DIRECTORES / TUTOR DE LA TESIS La Mú sica como recurso d idáctico para la E ducació n Am biental: análisi s de la r ealidad y pe rspectiv as en la C om unidad Autónom a de Galicia Dra. Carol Gillanders Dr. David Fernández Durán INFORMAN: Que la pre sente tesis, co rrespon de c on el trabajo reali zado por Dña. Laur a Tojeiro Pérez , bajo mi dire cción, y a utorizo su pr esentación, considerando que reúne los requ isit os ex igidos en el Reglam ento de Estudi os de Doct orado de la USC, y que como direct ores de é sta no incurre en las causas de ab sten ción e stablecidas en Ley 40/2015. En Santiago de Compostela, 5 de julio de 2019 Fdo. Dra. C arol Gillanders Fdo. Dr. David Fernán dez Durán                                                          Xunta de Galicia ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍ ÀʹͲͳ͸ǦʹͲͳͻǤ         A la mú sica por se r inspi ra dora. A la nat ural eza po r i nclui r la música .   Abstract                    Ǥ    ǡ ǡ  ǡ     ǡ          ǡ                  ǯ                                       Ǥ     ǡ     ǡ     ǡ          Ǥ                 ǡ ǡ ǡ        ǡ             Ǥ           ǡ                    ǡ         ǡ                  Ǥ                             ǡ                                                                    Ǥ   ǡ         ȋ Ȍ    ȋȌ                  Ǥ   ǡ                              ǡ                                   ǡ                                                         ǡ                                                             Ǥ           Ǧ  ǡ         Ǥ             ǡ  ǡ  ǡ   ǡ   ǡ     Ǥ ǡ                            ǡ      ǡ       Ǥ Key wor ds: Music, Environment, Equity, Interdis cipl inary education, Su stain ability, Culture, Ecoped agogy, Cross -curricular approa ches, Didactic resour ce, Soundscape, Evolu tionary musicology, Biomusicology, Zoomusicology , Ecomu sicology, Educa tional resear ch, Education in values, So und reso urces, C li mate change , Inte gration, Eco-ci tizenship.      ÍNDICE ×Ȁ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ ͳǤÀͳǣ ×ï ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͹ ͳǤͳǤ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͳ ï ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹ ï × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳ͸ ï ×× ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͺ ÀǤ   ×Ǥ  ǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͺ ͳǤʹǤ× ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͵͵ × ï ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵Ͷ ï  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤ͵ ͻ ïǡ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤͶ ͹  ÀǤ × Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͵ ͳǤ͵Ǥ× ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͷ͸   × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͹ À   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͸Ͷ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͳ  ÀǤ ×Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ͹ͺ ͳǤͶǤ× ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͺͳ Àï ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͺʹ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͺͺ  ×ï  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤͻ͵  ÀǤ × Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͻͺ ͳǤͷǤ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͲ͵  ï  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͲͶ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ ͳͶ   ʹǤÀʹǣ ××  ï ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͳͻ ʹǤͳǤ×   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹʹ ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹ͵ À  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹͻ À ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͵ͳ   ʹǤʹǤ±  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͵͸ ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ  ͳ͵͹   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͶͲ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͶͺ ʹǤ͵Ǥ ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͷͳ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͷʹ   ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͷ͹  × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͸͹ ʹǤͶǤï   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͹ʹ × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͹͵    ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͹ͷ ×   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͹͹ ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͹ͻ ×× ï ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͺʹ ×ï  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͺͶ ʹǤͷǤ × ×   ǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͺ͸  ͵ǤÀ͵ǣ  ×À ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͻ͵ ͵ǤͳǤ   × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͻ͸ ͵ǤͳǤͳǤ ×  × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͻ͹ ͵ǤͳǤʹǤ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ǥ ͳͻͻ ͵ǤͳǤ͵Ǥ   × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲͳ ͵ǤͳǤͶǤ À × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲͷ ͵ǤʹǤ Ó ×ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲͻ ͵ǤʹǤͳǤ  × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͳͳ ͵ǤʹǤʹǤ ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͳ͵ ͵ǤʹǤ͵Ǥ ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤ ʹͳ͸ ͵ǤʹǤͶǤ  ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹʹͶ ͵ǤʹǤͷǤ  × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ǥ ʹͶͲ ͵ǤʹǤ͸Ǥ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͶ͸ ͵Ǥ͵Ǥ × ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͷ͵ ͵Ǥ͵ǤͳǤ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͷ͵ ͵Ǥ͵ǤʹǤ   ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͻͺ    ͵ǤͶǤ ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͳ͵ ͵ǤͶǤͳǤ   ×  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͳ͵ ͵ǤͶǤʹǤ     ǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͳ͹ ͵ǤͶǤ͵Ǥ     Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͵͸  ͶǤÀͶǣ Ȁ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͵ͻ ͶǤͳǤ    ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͶʹ ͶǤʹǤ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͷ͸ ͶǤ͵Ǥ  ǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͸ͳ ͶǤͶǤ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͸͹  À ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͹ͳ  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͸Ͳͻ    INDICE DE FIGU RAS ͳǤ  Estructura del cap ítulo ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤ ͻ ʹǤ  Teorías sobre l a música co mo evolución biológica  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͻ ͵Ǥ  Funciones biol ógicas de la música ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͷ ͶǤ  Distribución de l os aparta dos epígrafe  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͹ ͷ .  El ementos del ecosistema s onoro  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͸͸ ͸Ǥ  Línea tempo ral del epígraf e  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͲͶ ͹Ǥ  Principios pedagógicos pa ra educar la libertad y c reati vidad  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͳͷ ͺǤ  Dimensiones del Proyecto Zero  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͳ͹ ͻǤ  Estructura del capí tulo 2  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹͳ ͳͲǤ C oncepción de equilibrio en desarro llo so stenible ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹ͵ ͳͳǤ Objetivo s del desa rro ll o sostenible según las Naciones Unidas  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹͷ ͳʹǤ Esferas de interacción de la educación ambiental  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹ͹ ͳ͵Ǥ Dimensio nes del des arroll o humano cons ide radas en la vivenci a rec reativa  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳʹͺ ͳͶǤ Beneficio s de la naturaleza a nivel educativo  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͶͳ ͳͷǤ Tratamie nto de valores sos tenibles en música ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͷ͸ ͳ͸Ǥ El ementos educadores que rel acionan la natu ralez a y el arte  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳ͸ͺ ͳ͹Ǥ Triángul o de interacción e ntre música, cultura y medioambiente  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͺͻ ͳͺǤ Estructura del capítulo 3  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͻͷ ͳͻǤ Definición del pr oblema de investiga ción  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͳͻͻ ʹͲǤ Dimensiones de la investigación ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲͳ  ʹͳǤ Preguntas de i nvestig ación pa ra reso lver el probl ema pl anteado  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲʹ ʹʹǤ Objetivos gene rales q ue responden a las preguntas de investigación  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲ͵ ʹ͵Ǥ C orrespondenci a entre di mensiones, pr eguntas y objeti vos de investigación  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͲͷ ʹͶǤ Diseño de la inve stigación  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͳͲ ʹͷǤ Captura de pantalla del análisis cualitativo con MaxQ DA  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͻͻ ʹ͸Ǥ Nube de código s Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲͳ ʹ͹Ǥ Visualización gen eral de la matriz de códigos Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲ͵ ʹͺǤ Visual ización de la matri z de códigos con subcategorí as.  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲͶ ʹͻǤ Nube de p alabras de las en trevistas  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲͷ ͵ͲǤ Subcategorías de información personal  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲ͸ ͵ͳǤ Subc atego rías de i nfo rmaci ón general del centro ed ucativo  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲ͹    ͵ʹǤ Subcategorías de concepci ón de la educació n ambiental  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͲͻ ͵͵Ǥ Subcategorías de concepci ón del sonido  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͳͶ ͵ͶǤ Subcategorías de presencia de la te mática a nivel formativo  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷʹʹ ͵ͷǤ Subcategorías de contextu alización teórico-práctica  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ǥ Ͷ͵͵ ͵͸Ǥ Subcategorías en las temát icas ambientales abordadas en el aula de música  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͶͶͲ ͵͹Ǥ Subcatego rías de identifica ción de probl emas ambient ales en el cent ro  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷͷ͵ ͵ͺǤ Subcatego rías en los uso s d e la mú sica como recurso didáctico para la educación ambiental  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷͷ͹ ͵ͻǤ Subcategorías de contribución de la música a la educación ambiental  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͹͵ ͶͲǤ Subcategorías de identificación de p rob lem as en la aplicación d e la temática  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷ͹ͻ ͶͳǤ Subcategorías de preocupación social sobre la temática ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷͻʹ ͶʹǤ Subcategorías de beneficio de los proyectos interdisciplinares  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ Ͷͻ͸ Ͷ͵Ǥ Subcatego rías de equidad e inno vaci ón en la temática investigada  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͲͷ ͶͶǤ Princip ales hallazgos sobre las dimensiones investiga das  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͳ͹ ͶͷǤ Relación en tre los halla zgos de la inv estigación con r especto a los objetivos, dimensiones y pr eguntas d e investigación ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷ͵ͺ Ͷ͸Ǥ The main pillars of sustainable develo pmen t inspired in Fien, Maclean, & Man- Gon (2009)  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͷͶͳ  INDICE DE GRÁFI COS ͳǤ Edad del profesorad o par ticipante ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͷͶ ʹǤ Distribución de l os rangos de edad  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͷͷ ͵Ǥ Sexo d el profesorad o participan te Ǥ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͷ͸ ͶǤ Representación gráfica del nivel de docencia impartido  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͷ͹ ͸Ǥ Representación gráfica de la provincia del centro educativo  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͷͺ ͹Ǥ Representación gráfica de la localización geogr áfica  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͸ ʹ ͺǤ Antigüedad del prof esorado participant e  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͸͵ ͻǤ Repr esentación gráfica de los grupos de años de experiencia  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͸ͷ ͳͲǤ Conocimiento s previos en e ducación ambiental  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͸ͻ ͳͳǤ Conocimiento s previos sobre el uso de la música como recurso de educ ación ambiental  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͹Ͳ ͳʹǤ Representac ión gráfic a de l a tabla c ruzada de conoci mientos previos  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͹ͳ ͳ͵Ǥ Represent ación g ráfica de l a tabla c ruzad a entre la formación interdisciplinar y la ed ad del profe sora do  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͹͹ ͳͶǤ Representación g ráfica de l a tabla de co ntingencia entre l a formación interdisciplinar y la antigüedad del profesorado  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹ͹ͺ ͳͷǤ Representación gráfica de la formación en temáticas específicas ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͺͲ ͳ͸Ǥ Represent ación g ráfica del grado de co ntribución de lo s distintos tipos de educación  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͺ͵ ͳ͹Ǥ Repr esentación visual de grado d e relación entre contenidos  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͺ͸ ͳͺǤ Conocimiento de iniciativas musicales co ncretas para la educación ambiental  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͺ͹ ͳͻǤ Represent ación g ráfica del grado de prep aración del prof esorado  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ʹͻͲ ʹͲǤ Represent ación g ráfica de l a tabla c ruzada para el tra tamiento de c ontenidos ambientales e n el aula de música e n función de los a ños de experie ncia  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵Ͳ͵ ʹͳǤ Representación gráfica de las diferentes temáticas tratadas  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͲͶ ʹʹǤ R epr e sentación grá fica del grad o de naturaliza ción del patio escola r  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͳͷ ʹ͵Ǥ Re presen tación grá fica del desa rrollo de actividades musicales en espacios naturales  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ͳ͸ ʹͶǤ ×  las d ificultades par a el desarrollo d e iniciativas interdisciplinares  ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ ǤǤǤǤǤǤ ͵ʹʹ     ͳͳͺǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la valoración so bre el uso de l a temática en funció n de l a partici pación de pro fesorad o .................................................................................................. .................... 3 45 ͳͳͻǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la valo r ación sobre el uso de la temática en función de l a pa rticipació n de p rofesorado .................................................................................... ..... 346 ͳʹͲǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la valoración so bre el uso de l a temática en funció n de l a modificaci ón del m aterial d idáct ico ........................................................................................... ............. 346 ͳʹͳǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la valo r ación sobre el uso de la temática en función de la modificaci ón de l mate rial didáctico ........................................................................... 3 46 ͳʹʹǤ Media de la perc epción so bre el impacto social de la t emát ica ................................................ 3 50 ͳʹ͵Ǥ Percepció n sobre el impac to social de la tem ática .......................................................................... 3 50 ͳʹͶǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre el impacto social de la temática en función de l a edad ............................................................................................................. ................................. 352 ͳʹͷǤ Tabla de contingencia para la percep ción sobre el impacto social de la temática en función de l a edad ............................................................................................................. ................................. 352 ͳʹ͸Ǥ Tabla cruzada para la percepción sobre el impacto so cial de la temática e n funció n de la ed ad .................................................................................................................... ........................................... 3 52 ͳʹ͹Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre el impacto social de la temática en función del nivel de l cent ro .................................................................................................. ......................... 35 3 ͳʹͺǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre el impacto social de la temática en función de l a local izació n d el ce ntro ......................................................................................... .............. 3 54 ͳʹͻǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre el impacto social de la temática en función de lo s conocimient os pre vio s en e ducación ambiental ................................................ 35 4 ͳ͵ͲǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre el impacto social de la temática en función de los co nocimiento s previos en el uso de la música co mo recurso de concienc iación ambient al ...................................................................................................... ....................... 3 55 ͳ͵ͳǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre el impacto social de la temática en función del gr ado de rel aci ó n de cont enidos ................................................................................... ... 355 ͳ͵ʹǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la pe rcepción sobre el impacto socia l de la temática en función del gra do de relac ión de cont enidos ........................................................... 356 ͳ͵͵Ǥ Preocupaci ón sob re la te mát ica a mbiental...................................................................................... ... 35 6 ͳ͵ͶǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la preocup ación por fomentar la temática en el aula en función de l a edad ............................................................................................................. ................................. 357 ͳ͵ͷǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la preo cupación por fomentar la temática en el aula en función de la ed ad .................................................................................................... ........................ 3 57    ͳ͵͸Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para la preocup ación por fomentar la temática en el aula en función del nivel de l cent ro .................................................................................................. ......................... 35 8 ͳ͵͹Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para la preocup ación por fomentar la temática en el aula en función de l a local izació n d el ce ntro ......................................................................................... .............. 3 58 ͳ͵ͺǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la preocup ación por fomentar la temática en el aula en función de la modificaci ón de mate rial di dáctico ............................................................................ 3 59 ͳ͵ͻǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la preocup ación por fomentar la temática en el aula en función del t ratamiento de c o ntenido s ambientales ...................................................................... 360 ͳͶͲǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la preo cupación por fomentar la temática en el aula en func ión del t ratami ento de c ontenido s ambien tales ..................................................... 360 ͳͶͳǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la preocup ación po r fome ntar l a te mática en el aula e n función de l a valo ración sobre el uso d e la misma........................................................................... 36 0 ͳͶʹǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la preo cupación por fo mentar la temática en el aula en func ión de l a valo ración so bre el u so de la misma ......................................................... 36 0 ͳͶ͵Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para la preocup ación por fome ntar la temática en el aula e n función de l a perce pción sobre el impacto social ............................................................................. 362 ͳͶͶǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la preo cupación por fomentar la temática en el aula en función de la percepci ón sobre el impact o soci al ............................................................ 362 ͳͶͷǤ Valor medio de interés sobre l a aplica c ión didáct ica de la t emática .................................... 36 2 ͳͶ͸Ǥ Interés por l a apl icació n didác tica de la temát ica .......................................................................... 363 ͳͶ͹Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para el inter és sobre la aplica ción de la tem ática en función de la ed ad del profesor ado .................................................................................................... ........................ 364 ͳͶͺǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para el i nteré s sobre la aplicación de la temática en función de l a edad del p rofesorado ............................................................................................ .............. 365 ͳͶͻǤ Coeficiente de correl ación de Pearson p ara el inte rés sobre la a plicación de la temátic a en funció n de l a edad del prof esorado ............................................................................... 365 ͳͷͲǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para el inter és sobre la aplica ción de la tem ática en función del nivel del centro educ ativo ................................................................................................ ...................... 3 66 ͳͷͳǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para el i nteré s sobre la aplicación de la temática en función del nivel del c e ntro educ ativo ........................................................................................ ............ 366 ͳͷʹǤ Tabla cruzada para el inte rés sobre la ap licació n de la temática en función del nivel del c entro e ducativo .................................................................................................... ......................... 36 6 ͳͷ͵Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para el inter és sobre la aplica ción de la tem ática en función de la lo calizac ión del centr o ................................................................................................. ....................... 36 7    ͳͷͶǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para el interés sobre la aplicación de la temática en función de la modificació n del mate rial did áctico ..................................................................................... ....... 36 7 ͳͷͷǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para el i nteré s sobre la aplicación de la temática en función de la modificació n de l materi al didáct ico ........................................................................... 3 68 ͳͷ͸Ǥ Tabla cruzada para el inte rés sobre la apli cación de l a temática en funció n de la modificaci ón del m aterial d idáct ico ........................................................................................... ............. 368 ͳͷ͹Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para el interés sobre la aplicación de la temática en funció n del tratami ento de cont enido s sobre la misma ................................................................................. 369 ͳͷͺǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para el interés sobr e la aplicación de la temática en funció n de la v aloraci ón sobre su uso ................................................................................................. ...................... 3 69 ͳͷͻǤ Coeficiente de correl ación de Pearson p ara el inte rés sobre la a plicación de la temátic a en funció n de l a v aloraci ón sobre s u uso .......................................................................... 37 0 ͳ͸ͲǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para el interés sobre la aplicación d e la temática en función de la pe rcepció n so bre el impac to so cial de la mis ma ................................................................... 371 ͳ͸ͳǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para el i nteré s sobre la aplicación de la temática en función de la perce pción so bre el impac to soc ial de l a misma .................................................. 371 ͳ͸ʹǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para el interés sobre la aplicación de la temática en función de la preo cupaci ón por el medioambiente ....................................................................................... .... 372 ͳ͸͵Ǥ Percepció n sobre la impo rtanci a a ni vel educat ivo ........................................................................ 37 2 ͳ͸ͶǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre l a impo rtancia a ni vel educativo en función de l a edad del p rofesorado ............................................................................................ .............. 373 ͳ͸ͷǤ Test de chi-cuadra do para la percepció n so bre la i mportancia a nivel educativo e n función del nivel de l centro .................................................................................................. ......................... 37 4 ͳ͸͸Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre l a impo rtancia a nivel educativo en función de l a local izació n d el ce ntro ......................................................................................... .............. 3 74 ͳ͸͹Ǥ Valores medio s de p ercepci ón so bre la ac ogida por pa rte del al umnado ........................... 3 78 ͳ͸ͺǤ Percepció n sobre la comp rensió n por pa rte del alumn ado ........................................................ 378 ͳ͸ͻǤ Percepció n sobre la impl icac ón por p arte del alum nado ............................................................ 37 9 ͳ͹ͲǤ Test de chi-cuadra do para la comp rensió n e implicación del al umnado con relación a la tem ática in vestigad a ..................................................................................................... ......................... 3 79 ͳ͹ͳǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la co mprensió n e im plicación del alumnado con relació n a la temátic a inve st igada ............................................................................................ ............... 37 9 ͳ͹ʹǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción so bre la co m prensión del alumn ado en función de l a temát ica ........................................................................................................ ............................. 380    ͳ͹͵Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre la com prensión del al umnado en función del tipo de cent ro .................................................................................................... .......................... 380 ͳ͹ͶǤ Valorac ión medi a sobre la aplicaci ón did áctica de l a t emática .............................................. 381 ͳ͹ͷǤ Valorac ión sobre l a apl icac ión didác tica d e la te mátic a ............................................................. 381 ͳ͹͸Ǥ Test de chi-cuadra do para la percepció n so bre la aplicación didáctica en fu nción de la preoc upaci ón del profes orado por l a temát ica amb iental .................................................... 382 ͳ͹͹Ǥ Coeficiente de contingencia para la perc epción sobre la aplicación didáctica en función de l a preoc upaci ón del prof esorado por la t em ática ambient al ............................ 3 83 ͳ͹ͺǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción sobre la aplicación didáctica en fu nción del interés del pro fesorado por dicha cuesti ón ................................................................................ .. 384 ͳ͹ͻǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la perc epción sobre la aplicación didáctica en función del int erés del prof esor ado por dic ha cu estión ................................................................ 384 ͳͺͲǤ Coeficiente de corr elación de Pear son para la perc epción sobre la ap licación didáctica en función del i nterés del pr o fesor ado por dic ha cuestió n .................................... 3 85 ͳͺͳǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción so bre la aplicación didáctica en función de la co mprensió n por p arte d el al umnado ......................................................................................... ...... 3 85 ͳͺʹǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la perc epción sobre la aplicación didáctica en función de l a compre nsión por p arte del alum nado ....................................................................... 38 6 ͳͺ͵Ǥ Test de chi-cuadrado para la percepción so bre la aplicación didáctica en función de la implicació n por parte del alumnado .......................................................................................... ........ 3 86 ͳͺͶǤ Coeficiente de contingencia para la percepción sobre la aplicación didáctica en función de l a implic ación por pa rte del alumna do .......................................................................... 38 6 ͳͺͷǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para la valoración sobr e la aplicación didáctica de la temáti ca en func ión de l a edad ................................................................................................ .................. 3 87 ͳͺ͸Ǥ Coeficiente de contingencia para la valora ción sobre la aplicación didáctica de la temáti ca en func ión de l a edad ................................................................................................ .................. 3 87 ͳͺ͹Ǥ Coeficiente de corr elación de Pe arson pa ra la valoración sobre la aplicación didáctica de la t emátic a en funció n de la eda d ................................................................................ . 388 ͳͺͺǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para valoración sobr e la aplicación didáctica de la temática en función del nive l del cen tro ............................................................................................... ..................... 3 88 ͳͺͻǤ Test de chi-cuadrado para valoración sobr e la aplicación didáctica de la temática en función de la l ocali zación del centro ....................................................................................... .......... 389 ͳͻͲǤ Perspectiv as sobre l a temát ica ................................................................................................ ................... 39 2 ͳͻͳǤ Sistema de c ategorí as y sub catego rías utilizado en el análisis de las ent revistas. ......... 4 00    ͳͻʹǤ Resumen de l os có digos an alizado s. ........................................................................................... ............. 401 ͳͻ͵Ǥ Segmentos de texto selecc ionado s en cada e ntrevi sta. .................................................................. 4 02 ͳͻͶǤ Valores de se xo, ed ad y a ños de e xperienc ia do cente de los ent revistados. ........................ 4 07 ͳͻͷǤ Informació n general de l os centro s educati vos partic ipantes en la ent revista. ............... 40 8 ͳͻ͸Ǥ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcateg oría de conce pción de la educación ambiental. .................................................................................................................... .......................................... 40 9 ͳͻ͹Ǥ Referencias al punto de vist a docente en la co ncepción de la educ ación a mbiental .... 410 ͳͻͺǤ Referencias a l a presencia en el currículum en la conc epción de la educación ambiental ..................................................................................................................... .......................................... 411 ͳͻͻǤ Referencias a la sen sibilidad por el en torno natural en la concepción de la educación a mbiental ............................................................................................................ ............................ 4 12 ʹͲͲǤ Referencias a l a conexión e mocional y pe rs onal en la c oncepción de l a educación ambiental ..................................................................................................................... .......................................... 413 ʹͲͳǤ Referencias a la educac ión cívic a en la c oncepció n de l a educación ambient al .............. 4 14 ʹͲʹǤ Segmentos codific ados en c ada subcateg oría de conc epción del sonido ............................. 415 ʹͲ͵Ǥ Referencias a la contami nació n en la co ncepción d el so nido .................................................... 416 ʹͲͶǤ Referencias a la preocup ación po r los efecto s negativo s del ruido ........................................ 4 16 ʹͲͷǤ Referencias a la valo ra ción del sil encio ..................................................................................... ............ 41 7 ʹͲ͸Ǥ Referencias a l a sensibilida d por el sonido a nivel pers onal ....................................................... 4 18 ʹͲ͹Ǥ Referencias a l a sensibilida d por el sonido a nivel social ............................................................. 4 18 ʹͲͺǤ Referencias a l a función em ocio nal del so nido ................................................................................ .. 419 ʹͲͻǤ Referencias a la concepci ón del so ni do co mo p arte del ecosist ema ....................................... 419 ʹͳͲǤ Referencias a la evolució n histórica del sonido en el ec osist ema ............................................ 420 ʹͳͳǤ Referencias a la concepció n del so nido des de el punt o de vista físico ................................... 420 ʹͳʹǤ Referencias a la acú stic a de lo s espacios .................................................................................... .......... 4 21 ʹͳ͵Ǥ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de prese ncia de la temática a nivel formativo ..................................................................................................................... ........................................... 4 22 ʹͳͶǤ Referencias a la for mación del alumna do ...................................................................................... ...... 4 2 3 ʹͳͷǤ Referencia s a la identificaci ón de pro blemas a nivel for mativo ............................................... 4 23 ʹͳ͸Ǥ Referencias a la conc ienciaci ón del alumn ado en e ntor nos rural es y u rbanos ............... 42 4 ʹͳ͹Ǥ Referencias a l as reaccione s del alum nado cu ando recibe form ación en la te mática . 425 ʹͳͺǤ Referencias a comporta miento s del alum n ado en el centro educativo ................................ 4 26 ʹͳͻǤ Referencias a l a transmisió n in direct a a nivel fo rmativ o ............................................................ 4 27 ʹʹͲǤ Referencias a probl emas re lacio nados co n la transmi si ón indirect a .................................... 42 8    ʹʹͳǤ Referencias ex periencias de formación cient í fica po r el profeso rado de m úsica ............ 42 8 ʹʹʹǤ Referencias a la for mación de maner a autó noma........................................................................... 4 29 ʹʹ͵Ǥ Referencias a experienci as individu ales en la formac ión unive rsitaria ............................... 4 29 ʹʹͶǤ Referencias a curso s especí ficos re cibidos en la te mática ........................................................... 430 ʹʹͷǤ Referencias a la conciencia ción am biental de c ada doc ente ..................................................... 4 30 ʹʹ͸Ǥ Referencias a la perc epción personal sobre la s necesidade s fo rmativ as ............................. 4 30 ʹʹ͹Ǥ Referencias a la influenci a de l as moda s e n la for maci ón del pro fesorado ........................ 43 1 ʹʹͺǤ Referencias a las áre as y ni veles de for mación es pecífi cos ......................................................... 431 ʹʹͻǤ Referencias a la for mación autóno ma del pro fesorado ................................................................ 432 ʹ͵ͲǤ Referencias a críticas so bre la fo rmació n del pro fesorado ......................................................... 43 2 ʹ͵ͳǤ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de presencia de contextu alización teóric o-prácti ca .............................................................................................................. .................................... 43 3 ʹ͵ʹǤ Referencias a l as diferencias en l a aplicació n de la te mática en los dife rentes nivel es 4 34 ʹ͵͵Ǥ Referencias a la identificaci ón de prob l emas en l os disti n tos niveles .................................... 43 5 ʹ͵ͶǤ Referencias a las caracte rístic as del al umnado en lo s dist int os niveles .............................. 435 ʹ͵ͷǤ Referencias a las caracte rísticas del entorno del centro .............................................................. 436 ʹ͵͸Ǥ Referencias al ruido en el e nto rno de tr abajo ................................................................................. ... 436 ʹ͵͹Ǥ Referencias a la act itud observad a en el alumnado del centro ................................................ 437 ʹ͵ͺǤ Referencias a caract erístic as relacio nadas con l a doce ncia ...................................................... 437 ʹ͵ͻǤ Referencias a la influenci a de la s modas e n el ce ntro .................................................................... 437 ʹͶͲǤ Referencias a la vol untad de mejo rar el entorno del centro ...................................................... 438 ʹͶͳǤ Referencias a l as deficiencias en el ent orno de trab ajo ................................................................ 438 ʹͶʹǤ Referencias a pedagogos y músicos rel a cionados c on la in ve stigació n ............................... 439 ʹͶ͵Ǥ Referencias a iniciativas y organiz aciones rel acion adas c on la i nvestigació n ................ 440 ʹͶͶǤ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcateg oría de usos temáticas ambientales abordad as en el aul a de música ................................................................................................ ................. 4 41 ʹͶͷǤ Referenc ias a la tem ática d e las bot ell as de plást ico ..................................................................... 4 42 ʹͶ͸Ǥ Referencias a la tem ática d el c onsumismo ...................................................................................... .... 44 2 ʹͶ͹Ǥ Referencias a la tem ática d e la c ontamin ación ................................................................................ 443 ʹͶͺǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e plást icos y recicl aje ............................................................................ 443 ʹͶͻǤ Referencias a varied ad de prob lemát icas específica s .................................................................... 44 4 ʹͷͲǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e la co ntamin ación acúst ica ............................................................. 445 ʹͷͳǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e sonido s de la c iudad ........................................................................... 4 45 ʹͷʹǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e cuer po y s alud ................................................................................... .... 446    ʹͷ͵Ǥ Referencias a la temática d e efectos de l ruido en el cue rpo h umano .................................... 4 47 ʹͷͶǤ Referencias a la temáti ca de mate riales de const rucción de in stru mentos ....................... 447 ʹͷͷǤ Referencias a la temáti ca de co mp osiciones y su cont exto ......................................................... 4 48 ʹͷ͸Ǥ Referencias a relaciones con la m úsica t radicional ........................................................................ 449 ʹͷ͹Ǥ Referencias a la tem ática d e valo res educat ivos .............................................................................. 449 ʹͷͺǤ Referencias a la temátic a de emocio nes asociad as a l a música ............................................... 449 ʹͷͻǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e lo s cicl os natural es ............................................................................. 450 ʹ͸ͲǤ Referencias a la temática d e se res vivos y ecosiste mas ................................................................. 451 ʹ͸ͳǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e sonido s del entorno ............................................................................ 4 51 ʹ͸ʹǤ Referencias a las concepcio nes fi lo sóficas de l a músic a ............................................................... 451 ʹ͸͵Ǥ Referencias a la tem ática d e matem áticas de la música .............................................................. 45 2 ʹ͸ͶǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e la mú sica de las es feras .................................................................... 4 52 ʹ͸ͷǤ Referencias a la tem ática d e propi edade s acúst icas ...................................................................... 4 53 ʹ͸͸Ǥ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de identif icación de p roblemas ambientales e n el c entro ...................................................................................................... .......................... 454 ʹ͸͹Ǥ Referencias a la probl emátic a de la c ontaminació n ac ústic a ................................................... 455 ʹ͸ͺǤ Referencias a prob lemas a prob lemas de impact o pais ajístic o ................................................ 456 ʹ͸ͻǤ Referencias a la p roblemát ic a del consumi smo ................................................................................ 4 56 ʹ͹ͲǤ Referencias a prob lemas de salud ............................................................................................... .............. 4 57 ʹ͹ͳǤ Segmentos codificados en cada subcategoría de usos de la música como recurso de concienc iación ambient al ...................................................................................................... ....................... 4 58 ʹ͹ʹǤ Referencias al análisis de o bras musi cales inspira das en el medio ........................................ 4 58 ʹ͹͵Ǥ Referencias a composicio nes music ales re lacio nadas con l a investigac ión ....................... 459 ʹ͹ͶǤ Referencias a acciones d e const r ucción de in strum ento s ............................................................ 4 59 ʹ͹ͷǤ Referencias a la construcci ón de un semáfo ro del r uido .............................................................. 4 60 ʹ͹͸Ǥ Referencias al desa rroll o de l a escucha activa ................................................................................ .. 460 ʹ͹͹Ǥ Referencias a acciones d e dramat ización sob re elemento s de la natural eza ................... 46 1 ʹ͹ͺǤ Referenc ias a l a grabación de sonido s del e ntorno ......................................................................... 461 ʹ͹ͻǤ Referencias al interca mbio de expe riencias c on ot ros ce ntros ................................................. 4 61 ʹͺͲǤ Referencias a letras de c an ciones rela cio nadas c on el medioambiente ............................... 4 62 ʹͺͳǤ Referencias a la real izació n de entrevist as a c iudadan os ........................................................... 46 2 ʹͺʹǤ Referencias a la real izac ió n de excursio nes ................................................................................... ..... 462 ʹͺ͵Ǥ Referencias a la real izació n de mate rial audio visual sobre l os efecto s del ruido ........... 4 63 ʹͺͶǤ Referencias a acciones d e elabo r ación de mapas sono ros .......................................................... 4 63    ʹͺͷǤ Referencias a accio nes de r educció n del uso de plást ico s ............................................................ 46 3 ʹͺ͸Ǥ Referencias a ac ciones d e reflexión so bre los sonido s de l ento rno ......................................... 464 ʹͺ͹Ǥ Referencias a la real izació n de debate s y ex posicio nes ................................................................. 4 64 ʹͺͺǤ Referencias a acciones d e so no rización de c uento s ........................................................................ 465 ʹͺͻǤ Referencias a acciones d e valorac ión de la música t rad icional................................................ 465 ʹͻͲǤ Referencias al traba jo por pro yectos ......................................................................................... ............. 46 5 ʹͻͳǤ Referencias a cuestio nes organizat ivas ....................................................................................... .......... 466 ʹͻʹǤ Referencias a p royectos de investigac ión ..................................................................................... ........ 46 7 ʹͻ͵Ǥ Referencias a proyectos de transf or mació n del patio es col ar ................................................... 468 ʹͻͶǤ Referencias al Pro xecto T erra ................................................................................................ ..................... 46 8 ʹͻͷǤ Referencias a p royectos sobre al iment ación sal udabl e ................................................................ 468 ʹͻ͸Ǥ Referencias a proyectos so bre cons trucci ón de instru mentos ................................................... 4 69 ʹͻ͹Ǥ Referencias a p royectos sobre c ontamin ación ac ústic a ............................................................... 469 ʹͻͺǤ Referencias a proyec tos cul turales ........................................................................................... ................ 470 ʹͻͻǤ Referencias a la implicac ión de cienci as soc iales ............................................................................ . 471 ͵ͲͲǤ Referencias a la implicac ió n de física y químic a ............................................................................. .. 471 ͵ͲͳǤ Referencias a la impl icación de l engu a y lit eratu ra ....................................................................... 4 7 1 ͵ͲʹǤ Referencias a la impl icació n de plást ica y artes .............................................................................. .. 472 ͵Ͳ͵Ǥ Referencias a la implicac ión gl o bal de ot ras mat erias .................................................................. 4 72 ͵ͲͶǤ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de contri buciones de la música a la educación a mbiental ............................................................................................................ ............................ 4 73 ͵ͲͷǤ Referencias a l as contribucio nes de la música co mo recurso co municativo de l a probl emática ambient al ........................................................................................................ ........................ 4 75 ͵Ͳ͸Ǥ Referencias a las contribuciones de la mú sica como recurso de sensibilización sobre la prob lemáti ca ambie ntal ..................................................................................................... ...................... 4 76 ͵Ͳ͹Ǥ Referencias a l as contribucio nes de la música co mo recurso de reflexió n sobre l a probl emática ambient al ........................................................................................................ ........................ 4 77 ͵ͲͺǤ Referencias a l a s contribuci ones de la música co mo recurso práctico para interioriz ar cont enidos de t emát ica ambient al ................................................................................ 478 ͵ͲͻǤ Referenc ias a las co ntribuc ione s de la música como re curso para e stimul ar la percepció n so bre la pro ble mátic a ambient al .................................................................................... . 479 ͵ͳͲǤ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de identif icación de p roblemas en la temáti ca ...................................................................................................................... ............................................ 4 80 ͵ͳͳǤ Referencias a la falta de fo rmac ión en educació n ambi ental .................................................... 481   ͵ͳʹǤ Referencias a falta de formació n en pro yectos int erdis ciplinares .......................................... 4 82 ͵ͳ͵Ǥ Referencias a la falta de formació n en músic a ................................................................................ .. 482 ͵ͳͶǤ Referencias a la falt a de ex perienci a ........................................................................................ ............... 483 ͵ͳͷǤ Referencias a la falta de co ordinació n docent e ............................................................................... .. 483 ͵ͳ͸Ǥ Referencias a la falta de mo t ivació n e iniciativ a ............................................................................ .. 484 ͵ͳ͹Ǥ Referencias al aislamie nto en el desarrol lo de inic iativ as ........................................................... 4 84 ͵ͳͺǤ Referencias a prob lemas or ganizati vos......................................................................................... ........ 4 85 ͵ͳͻǤ Referencias a prob lemas de adaptaci ón al cu rríc ulum ................................................................ 48 6 ͵ʹͲǤ Referencias a la falta de enfo ques transver sales ............................................................................. . 487 ͵ʹͳǤ Referencias a la falt a de re cursos t emporal es................................................................................. ... 488 ͵ʹʹǤ Referencias a críticas a l a i nstituc ión educativ a ............................................................................ .. 489 ͵ʹ͵Ǥ Referencias a prob lemas co n lo s recurso s espac iales .................................................................... 4 89 ͵ʹͶǤ Referencias a dificultades en l a adapt a ción a los inte re ses del alu mnado ......................... 4 90 ͵ʹͷǤ Referencias a la falta de c oncienc ia social sobre la tem ática .................................................... 491 ͵ʹ͸Ǥ Referencias a la falta de ap oyo po r parte de las familia s ............................................................ 491 ͵ʹ͹Ǥ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de preocupación social so bre la temáti ca ...................................................................................................................... ............................................ 4 92 ͵ʹͺǤ Referencias a la respo nsabil idad doce nte en la tem ática inve stigada ................................. 4 93 ͵ʹͻǤ Referencias a la respo nsabil idad soci al en la t emática invest igada ...................................... 49 5 ͵͵ͲǤ Referencias a la respo nsabil idad del a r tista e n la te máti ca investig a da ............................ 4 96 ͵͵ͳǤ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de benefi cios de lo s proyectos interdiscipl inares ............................................................................................................ ................................... 497 ͵͵ʹǤ Referencias a la adapt ación a necesi dad es ed ucativas especial es .......................................... 497 ͵͵͵Ǥ Referencias a la compete ncia de aprende r a a prender ................................................................. 49 8 ͵͵ͶǤ Referencias a l as compet en cias digitale s ..................................................................................... ......... 4 98 ͵͵ͷǤ Referenc ia s al d esa rrollo de la s intel igencias múltipl es ............................................................... 49 9 ͵͵͸Ǥ Referencias a la ed ucación para t oda la vida ................................................................................. .... 49 9 ͵͵͹Ǥ Referencias a l as habilidad es de invest igación ............................................................................... ... 5 00 ͵͵ͺǤ Referencias al trata miento transver s al de v alores ed ucativo s ................................................. 5 00 ͵͵ͻǤ Referencias a la ca pacid ad crític a ........................................................................................... ................. 501 ͵ͶͲǤ Referencias al desa rroll o de la c reati vidad .................................................................................. ....... 5 01 ͵ͶͳǤ Referencias a habilidades c omunicati vas ...................................................................................... ....... 5 02 ͵ͶʹǤ Referencias a la motiv ación de l a curio sidad ................................................................................. .... 5 02 ͵Ͷ͵Ǥ Referencias al traba jo autó nomo ............................................................................................... ............... 5 03   ͵ͶͶǤ Referencias a compet encias so cial es y cívic as ................................................................................. ... 5 03 ͵ͶͷǤ Referencias al traba jo co operativo ............................................................................................ .............. 50 4 ͵Ͷ͸Ǥ Referencias al traba jo inter generacional ...................................................................................... ....... 5 04 ͵Ͷ͹Ǥ Segmentos codificados e n cada s ubcategoría de eq uidad e inno vación en la temáti ca invest igada .......................................................................................................... ............................. 505 ͵ͶͺǤ Referencias a valoracio nes positiva s so bre la i nvestiga ción ...................................................... 50 6 ͵ͶͻǤ Referencias a valoracio nes negativa s so bre la investigac ión .................................................... 507 ͵ͷͲǤ Referencias a la pers pectiv a de futu ro sobre la in vesti gación .................................................. 5 08 ͵ͷͳǤ Referencias a proyec tos fut uros rel acion ados .................................................................................. . 509 ͵ͷʹǤ Referencias a la conexión i nterdisc iplin ar .................................................................................... ....... 51 0 ͵ͷ͵Ǥ Referencias a l a conexión d e la materia de música con co ntenidos medioambiental es .............................................................................................................. ............................... 511 ͵ͷͶǤ Referencias a la conexión de l a inve stigac ión con v alore s de equi dad ................................. 511 ͵ͷͷǤ Referencias a val ores de equidad e specí ficos ................................................................................. ... 51 2 L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͸ x   ͳ    on tologica l appr oach      ǡ               Ǥ                    ȋ   ǡǡ Ȍ         ȋ    ǡ  ǡ   Ȍ   Ǥ x   ʹ    educational approach      ǡ       Ǥ   ǡ       ǡ              ǡ                    ǡ                     ǡ                             ǡ ǡ   Ǥ x   ͵   empirical approach      ǡ                                                                             Ǥ           ǡ              Ǥ x  Ͷ   conclusions      ǡ                                                                   Ǥ                ǡ  ǡ                                   Ǥ            ǡ                          ǡǡ  ǡ  ǡ         Ǥ     1. C apítulo 1: Enfoques ontológicos de la músi ca      Dz    ǡ   ×         Ǥ            Ǥ                                   ×        Ǥ                  dzȋǡͳͻ͹ͲǡǤͳͷȌǤ  L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͺ    À       ×    ×ǡ       ×     ×     ï      Àǡ×      Ǥ   À               ǡ                           ȋǡ ʹͲͳͺȌǤ    ǡ       ǡ                 Àǣ  ×ǡ  Àǡ   À   À Ǥ        ǡ              ï                                   À      ǡ                          À                    Ǥ             ×                ǡ   × Ǥ     ï      À ǡ    ×       ǡ ×ǡ × ǡ ×       ï                         ×                                       ǡ              À           ×Ǥ    ͳ                                       ×     ǡ             ×                                          ǣ  ͳǤ   ǡ    perspectiva evol utiva      ï     ǡ                 À                         ×  ǡ   À                  ×                       ×     Ǥ                                 À musico logí a evolut iva ǡ    Ǥ  ʹǤ               ǡ            perspectiva bio ló gica      ï     ǡ                ×   ×  ǡ  ×    ïǡ   ǡÀ      ×       Ǥ         À     biomusicología ǡ±  .   ͵Ǥ              ǡ            perspectiva zoológica      ï     ǡ                                                                 ǡ   À     ×     Ǥ              À   zoomusicología ǡ        Ǥ    Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͻ ͶǤ  ǡ   perspectiva ecológica    ïǡ  ï      ǡ  À ïǡ      × ïǤ          À ecom usicología ǡ    Ǥ  ͷǤ ǡ    perspectiva in terdisciplinar ǡ              ×     ï   ǡ           Ǥ   À     À                             ǡ             ÀʹǤ   ͳ Ǥ Estructura del capítulo          ×           À                      À                       ï                             × ǡ    Ǥ           ×  ±  ×    ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ                    ǡ    ×   ±                             Ǥ           1. La perspectiva evolutiva 2. La perspectiva biológica 3. La perspectiva zoológica 4. La perspectiva ecológica 5. La perspectitva interdisciplinar L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͳͲ  ǡ       ï                ǡ                   ×                    ×       ǡ    ±     ±       ǡ ǡ Àǡ ×  ǡ  Ǥ     ǡ  ï        Àǡ                     Ǥ  ×ǡ                  ï   À    Ǥ        ǡ                              ǡ                 ǡ     ï  ± ǣ  ǡ  ǡ                   ±     ǡ          ǡ    ǡ      À                     ×              ï    Ǥ                             ǡ  À ǡ     ×    ±     Ǥ               ǡ                   ±                      ǡ                ǡ         ǤȋǦ ǡͳͻͻͺǡǤͳͳȌ       ǡ  ï                         ×   À    ǡ      ×                      ǡ                                 Ǥ                ×ǡ              À          Ǥ ǡ       ×             ï                                                     Ǥ   ïǡ               ×                                      À                  ǡ           ǡ                ǡ      ï                                         ×Ǥ         ×                 ǡ       ×ǡ À      Ǥ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳͳ 1.1. LA PE RSPECTIVA EVOLU TI VA           ǡ     ×   ǡ   À                                       × ×  ǡ    ï    ×   Ǧ    ǡ  ±   ǡ      ȋǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǤ   ï   arte del tiempo       À      ± ǡ       ǡDz                                    ǡ      ×                   ïdzȋǡʹͲͳͶǡǤͶͻȌǤ         ×     ×    × ǡ                                                          Ǥ        ×Ǥ  ï ǡ     × ×   ǡ                  ǣ  ±   × ȋǡ ʹͲͲ ͶȌǤ  ǡ   ǡ À      ǡ             ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ    ǡ    À      À             ×   ȋǡ ǡƬǡʹͲͲͳȌǤ    Ó×   ȋͳͻͺͳȌ ȋͳͻͺͳȌǡ  ×    À   ×     ×            ǡ   À                                     ïǡ                      Ǥ   À       ×      × ǡ                  À            ï                  ǡ                            ×     Ǥ           Ó          Ǧ        ȋͳͻͻͺȌǡ                 ǡ ×           ×                 ǣ  Ǭ  ×           ×     ï     ǫ             ǡ    ï     ǡ                       ǡ      À             ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ     Dz          ×     ï        À            ǡ                ǡ            dzȋǤͳͲͻȌǤ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͳʹ El o rigen de l a mú sica           À   À                   ï        ǡ            ×  ïǡ     × ×Ǥ  Ó  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǡ       ǡ         ×        ȋ ͵ͷ ǤͲͲͲ ÓȌǡ                                                            ×      × Ǥ ± Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍ     ×                ×                 ǣ Dz     ×     ǡ  ±           À         dzȋǤͳͺȌǤ ǡ  Ǥ ȋ ʹͲͲͳȌ Ó               ͶͶǤͲͲͲ  Óǡ     ͳͻͻͷǡ     ǯ  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ ͵Ȍ                              ǡ  ͵͸ǤͲͲͲ ÓǤ    ǡ   Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ  Ó           ×                                                                   Ͷ Ͳ Ǥ ͲͲͲ  ͷ͵ǤͲͲͲ Óǡ      À     Ǥ  ȋʹͲͲͷȌ           Dz          ͵ Ͳ Ǥ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ  Ó  ǡ ×dzȋǤʹ͹ȌǤ                ǡ             À                               ×     ǡ    ï  Ó          ǡ    ±   ǡ ǡ   ×ȋƬ ǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ×  × ǡ                                                                À                         ȋ  ǤǡʹͲͲͳȌǤ   Ó  ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ          À               ǡ           À        ï                          Ǥ   ǡ  ȋʹͲͲͷȌ       ï     À          ǡ                        ǡ           À                Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳ͵ Ǥ   ǡ  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ Ó       Ó ×   ï   Ǥ ǡ  ×                    ×                               ȋǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǤ                            ï                ǡ                     À Dz  À  ï      dz ȋǤͳʹȌǤ ǯ         Ǥ ȋ ʹ Ͳ Ͳ ͵ Ȍ   Ó                          À     ×  ǡ               Ǥ     Àǡ  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ   ǡ Ó                 × ǡ   Ǥ       ǡ                              ×            ǡ             Ó  ï                   À     Ǥ           ǡ                À  ï    ǡ                                    Ǥ              ǡ  ǯ          Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ   ǡ   × 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ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ      À              ï        Ǥ                                                       ǡ              Ó                         ×  ǡ        Ǥ  ×      ×ǡ      L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͳͶ ×  Ó                  ǡ ǣ x  ȋʹͲͳʹȌ Ó           ïǡ   ï                                             ǡ                 ±Ǥ  x  ȋʹͲͲͳȌ Ó   ï       ǡ  ǡ        ǡ                            Ó Ǥ  x  ȋͳͻͺͳȌ Ó   ï          ǡ    ǡ             À   ×    Ǥ  x ǯ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ      ï      ǡ                               ǡ                             À   Ǥ  x    ȋʹͲͳͳȌ  Ó    ï       ǣ             ǡ Dz           ǡ ×ǡ × ±dzȋǤͳͶͳȌ   Ǥ x  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ Ó           ï     ǡ                  ǡ              ǡ ï Ǥ x       Ƭ          ȋ ʹ Ͳ Ͳ ͵ Ȍ   Ó        ǡ                                     ǡ       ǡ        ǡ          ïǤ x  ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ   Dz   ×          dz ȋǤͳ͵ȌǤ  x  ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ Ó         ǡ  ±  music ofili a,        ǡ          Ǥ x  ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ                     Ǥ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳͷ    ×  ï        ±   À Ǥ   ǡ                                          ǡ           ȋ  Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͲ͵Ȍ Ǥ  ×××ïǡ    À     À         ×                   Ó            ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ Dz×  ǡ × ǡ ×   ×        ×      ±       ×  ×   ×dzȋǤͷͳȌǤ   ×ǡ       Ƭ      ȋʹͲͳͳȌ    Dz        ×  À       ï                        ǡ      ×  dz ȋǤͳͶȌǤ   ͳ      À    ǣ  ͳ Ǥ Teorías sobre el origen de la música segú n Gertr udix Barrio & Gert rudix Barrio (2 011)  Teorías sobre el origen de la música Manifestac iones y funcio nes musica les Emocionales ǡ Lingüísticas × ±   Funcional es ï     À  ± Imitativas ×   Mágicas × Ontogenétic as       À      ×          ×ǡ        Àǡ         ÀǤ   ǡ     ×       ȋ Ȍ   × ȋ ±Ȍ    ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ               ×       ï           ×  ǡ          ×   ï  × × Ǥ   L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ʹʹ  La música surgió por selección natural   ×         ï                                                                      ǡ                           × Ǥ     ǡ   À                 ǡ×          ȋ ǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ           ȋͳͺͷͻ Ȍ ǡ              El origen de especies           ×                      ×          À   ȋ      ǡ  ʹͲͲͻȌǤ ǡ  ȋͳͻͺͳȌ        ×     The descent of men ǡ     ×    ×   ïǣ   ǡ       ǡ                             ×                                 ǡ  À         ǡ                               Ǥ   ǡ             × ǡ         Ó   ǡ      Ǥ ǡ×   ǡ    ×    ǡ     Ǥ ȋǡ ͳͻͺͳǡ Ǥͳ͵ͻȌ           ǡ                      ï                                   ×  ±     × Ǥ ǡ±      ×× ǡ  ȋʹͲͳͶȌǣ    ï     ǡ    ï          À  ǡ                                         Ǥ     ǡ    À                          ×         Ǥ ǡ        × À    ×   Ǥ                      À      ǤȋǡʹͲͳͶǡǤͷͳȌ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ʹ͵   ǡ                    × ×ǡ    À              ȋ Ƭ  ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌ Ǥ   ǡ       À         ±    ï ×        Ǥ    Ó  ȋͳͻͻͺȌǡ  À          ×       ï              ×ǡ  × Ǥ     ǡ                 ǡ          ×                                                                    Ǥ            × ǡ                                    ×                                                   ǣ ¾ Adaptaciones para la función reproductivo-sexual  ȋͳͻͺͳȌǡ      À       × ǡ       ×       ï ǡ    ×   ï  ×ǣ                                                            × ǡ                               À                          ǡ         ǡ    ǡ ×ï ǡ      Ǣ          À    Ǥ        × Ǥȋǡͳͻͺͳ ǡǤʹͷͺȌ ǡ  ȋͳͻͺͳȌ Ó        ï                 ×        Ǧ    ǡ  Ó                       Ǥ ǡ              ×                  ï                                                      ǡ             ±  Dz     dz  ȋǡ ͳͻͺͳǡ Ǥ͵͵͹ȌǤ ǡ   ×  ï           ×            ǡ                  ï             ǡ     ȋ Ǧ ǡͳͻͻͺȌǣ      ǡ    ±            ȋǥȌ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ʹͶ                             ǡ        ï     ǡ                                                     ǡ                 ǡ    Ǧ  À                                   ×ǤȋǡͳͻͺͳǡǤ͵͵͹Ȍ  ïǡ   Ó ǡ        ǡ  ȋͳͻͺͳȌ           ×   ǡ                Ǥ           ǡ                                  ×        ǡ                     ó rgano o aparat o music al ǡ                             ǡ                   despliegue musical Ǥǡ       The descent of men ȋͳͻͺͳȌǡ      ±      ǡ  resonancia,  sonidos ǡ música conco rdante y discordante ǡ tonos, poderes musicales , música vocal e instrume ntal, o rnamentos  notas musi cales Ǥ   À     ȋͳͻͺͳȌǡ                                    ×   ï   ×     ×     ×    Ǥ ǡ ȋʹͲͲͲȌÓ  ï                        Ǥ  ǡ   Ó   ï À             ×           ǡ    Ǥ   À       À                                     Ǥ  ×ǡ                    ×                                                         Ǥ              ǡ   ȋʹͲͳͶȌ Ó      ×    Ǥ   ï ×   ×     ×       ǡ   ǡ                            Ǥǡ ǡ             ±ǡ           ï                  Ó             ×                                        ǡÀ  ȋͳͻͺͳȌǤ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ʹͷ ¾ Adaptaciones para el desarrollo mental y so cial                       ×                                          ǣ ×  × Ǧǡ  ×  ±Ǥ  o La música s urgió como una adapta ción p ara l a comunicac ión madr e- hijo:      À           ï                 ×                 ± ǡ                  × Ǥ         ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ Dz     ǡ  ǡ   ×  ǡ                  ǡ                         À                                      ǡ      À  ×   À  dz  ȋǤͷʹȌǤ        × À  À ï     ǡÀ ×         Ǥ   ǡ   ï        motherese  ȋǡͳͻͺͷȌ habla dirigida al bebé ȋ ÓǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ        À    ȋͳͻͻͲȌ ǡ         ×    ×                                                  Ǥ                À ǡ     ï          ǣ          ǡ                     ǡ   ǡ          ǡ  À  ×Ǥ ǡ Ǧ   Ǥ                ×    ǡ          ǡ                  ×          Ǥ           À                 ǡ        ǡ     ǡ Ƭ   ȋͳͻͻ͵Ȍ  ±              ×     ï                                       ǡ      Ǥ ±   Ƭ   ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ                            ×                                      ǡ      À        ×   ï   Ǥ ǡ  ȋͳͻͻͲȌ Ó                                                                     ×  Ǥ         ǡ    ×          ǡ            ǡ  L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ʹ͸ ±ǡ À ǡ    ×ȋ ǡʹͲͳͶȌǤ o La música sur gió como una adap tación para estimular el desarrollo co gnitivo a través del jue go:     Ó   ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ Dz                                                              ×               dz  ȋ  Ǥ ͷ Ͷ Ȍ Ǥ               ǡ                                           ǡ       ǡ          Ǥ    ǡ   ï                                                   ǡ                ǡ      Ó  ȋʹ Ͳ ͲͳȌǤ  ǡ                                    ǡ  × ±  ǡ                  Ǥǡ × À  ×  Ǥ ¾ Adaptaciones para la cohesión social  ×     ×  ǣ × ǡ  ×   Ǥ o La música s urgió como una ada ptación para l a func ión so cial:        ×                    ï     ǡ                ×     ×  ǡ           ×  ǡ      ×         ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ     ȋʹͲͳʹȌ    ×  ×   selección social ǡ      ×  ǡ  À À  ×ï Ǥ     À     Àǡ À  Àǡ   Ó ȋ ʹͲͳͶȌǣ   À     ×        ±   ï          À ǡ        À       ï        ×       ×                        ǡ                        À                                          ×           ×    Ǥǡ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ʹ͹    ±                   ×       ǡ ǡ ƬȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ Ǧ   ï   × Ǥ ǡǡ ï       À    ï                                    ×                 ×ǡ    ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ  Música y Evol ución: causas y consecuencias ǣ o       Homo sap iens ǡ                 ×    ǣ   H omo ergaster  ×Ó    ǡ À Ǥ  ǡ Homo heidelbergensis ×                              ǡ           ×             ×                         ȋ  Ȍ    Ǥ o      × Homo sap iens ǡ                   ×    ±              ×     À      ǡ                         Ǥ   ǡ    ×                             ×        ×         ǡ                                 Ǥ  o    Homo sapien s ǡÀ  ǡ ï    ǡ  À   ×  ǡ   À ǡ  ×Ǥ ǡ  À    ǡ                      ×                   ǡ       À                           Ǥ  ï Àǡ   ǡ           ×    ×  ×Ǥ  o La música surgió como adaptación para s incronizar los r itmos de trabajo :          ǡ                    ï ×                           Ǥ  × ǡ Ó  Ǧ ȋͳ ͻͻͺȌ     ǡ           ÀǤ          L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ʹͺ       ǡ                        ×            ǡ                   À                  Ǥ           ǡ                                                                     Ó   ǣ Dz        ǡ                     dz ȋǦǡͳͻͻͺǡǤʹ͸ȌǤ  Ƭ   ȋʹͲͳͲȌ  Ó    ï                            ×Ǥ   ȋʹͲͳʹȌ  ×  ±                              ǡ ǡ    ǡ      ×  ×   À  ǡ   ×    À Ǥ  ǡ ȋʹ Ͳ ͲͳȌ    ×  ×    ×   ǡ           ǡ    Ǥ    ǡ               ±    ï ǡ          ï                                                                 Ǥ              ǡ   Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͲȌ Ó      Ǥ Haci a la mus icolo gía ev ol utiva. Implic acion es peda góg icas.   ǡDz   À                                                      dz ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳͶǡ ǤͷͲȌǤ          ×  ×      ×  ǡ   ǡ    × ×ǡ Ǥ   ǡ   Ó ȋʹͲͲͳȌ  À   ×             ï Ǥ     ǡ   À        ×       ǡï Ǥ  Ƭ   ȋʹͲͳͲȌ    ×            À           ï           ǡ  ï       Ǥ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ʹͻ   ×         ǡ        ǡ   × Ǥ  ǡ    Ó           ï                        ǡ ǡ ×  ×ǡ     ×                              ï        ×  ǡ                  Ǥ ǡ    Ó                          ×                  ×     ǡ  ± ǡ × ǡ  ±  ǡ  ×  Ǥ   À          ï            ǡ                         ǡ    Ǥ   ǡ       ×                 À    ǡ                  ×                     Ǥ              ǡ         Ƭ        ȋ ʹ ͲͲͶȌ    ×        ×  ǡ ×ǡ ±ǡ ×ǡ ±ǡ ± ǡ × Ǧ ǡǡ      Ǥ ǡ           × ǡ  Ƭ   ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ                            À           ï  ǣ  Ȍ Dz                   dz ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ǡ Ǥ͸͸ͶȌ ǣ        ×     × ǡ      À    Ǥ     ǡ   Ó                 ±  Ǥ  Ȍ Dz×                             dzȋ Ƭ ǡʹͲͲ͵ǡǤ͸͸ͶȌǣ    ×                                           ×  Ǥ   Óǡ   ǡ  ï     À   Ǥ Ȍ Dz                            ×       À                                    dz ȋ       Ƭ     ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ǡ Ǥ͸͸ͶȌǣ        ×          ǡ                Ǥ                À    ï ×Ǥ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͵Ͳ           À             ×      ï                     À     Ǥ      ǡ  ǡ ï À         ×        ǡ     ï                  ×                   ǡ             ×               ×    ǡ                 ×                                             Ǥ     ï     ǡ               ǡ                                        ×                 ǣ    ï   ×                   ǡ                 × ȋǡʹͲͲͳȌǤ  À      À   À   ǡ    À        À ǡ              À    ×  ȋ Ƭ  ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ ǡ  À   Dz        × ǡ             ǡ        ×     À             dz ȋǤʹȌǤ    Ó  ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ     À    ×   ï   À ǡ   À    À    Ǥ       À      ǡ       ǡ           ×        ǡ                     À                               Ǥ          ǡ                                À                                  ×  ×     ±ǡ  ×    ×   ǡ   ×                      ±  Ǥ  ǡ  ×            ǡ      ×    ×  Ǧ     ȋǡʹͲͳͶǡǤͶͻȌǤ    Àǡ       Ƭ  ȋ ʹ ͲͲ͸Ȍ  Ó ×              ×                        ï         À         ×ǡ  ×    ×   Ǥ  ǡ         ×   ×           Óǡ    ×       ǣ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͵ͳ                                           ï                            ǡ                 ï                       ×   ǡ         ×   ǡ ×     ǤȋǤͻʹȌ   ǡ    Ó   ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ  À    ×     ×                 ×           ǡ         ï     Ǥ              ǡ          ×            ï                            ǡ                       ×                    Ǥ   ǡ   ǡ   À          ǡ    ×            Ǥ  Ó  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǡ      À    × ×Ǥ             ǡ                                             À                                       ï                ×   ȋǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ       ǡ  ï        ×    ǡ             Ǥ                     ×ǡ  ï                                     Ǥ    ǡ  ×       Àǡ         Ǥ             ÓǦ    ïǡ       ×          ±ǡ  À  ×ǣ          ×                          Ó    Ǥ            ǡ                Ȃ           ×  Ȃ  À    ×     ï                 À      Ǥ    ×À ǤȋǡʹͲͲͲǡǤʹͶ͸Ȍ      ǡ                ×±           ǡ                   ±           ±          ȋǡ ʹͲͲͲȌǤ          ×   ×     ǡ  L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͵ͺ   ×  ï    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     ǡ                                     À                         ±                   À                  Ǥ                       ï                 ×ǡ      ×   ×   ï   ǡÀ  × Ǥ ǡ ï  × × ǡ    ǡ ǡ   ×     ǡ                                                         Ǥ       ×          ±                        ǡ                    ǡ                 Ǥ                    À      ǡ     Ó       ï         ǡ    ǡ ± ×Ǥ      ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ   ï       ǣ  Ó        ǡ       ×        Ó                 ǡ                                                         ×  Ǥ      Dz ï                      ±   ȋǥȌ   ǡ   ï             ×  dz ȋ      ǡ ʹ Ͳ Ͳ Ͷ ǡ  Ǥ ͳ ͵ Ȍ Ǥ                                     ï          À           ǡ                                       ǡ                                    × Ǥ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͵ͻ La mú sica c omo leng uaje    ï                     ×     ǡ             À                           ×   À   Ǥ   ȋʹͲͲͳȌ  Ó                                             À              ǡ                     ïǤ ï  ǡDz                     ï                 ǣ        ǡ          ǡ                       ǡ                ×         ǡ           ǡ    dz ȋǤͳͲʹȌǤ ǡ                                    Àǡ  ȋʹͲͲͳȌ  ×   ï    ±        ×Ǥ  ȋʹͲͲͶȌ Ó  Dz      ×                        ï                                      ×Ǧ     dzȋǤ͸ȌǤ  ǡ                ×      ï         ǡ                               ×         Ǥ       ǡ                                 ×ǡ    ×ǡ  ×    ×           Ǥ              ǡ    ï                         ǡ                × Ǥ   ȋͳͺͷͶȌ Ó   ï    À         ǡ        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                                                     ǡ                     ǡ      Ǥ  ǡ     ǡ           òÀǡ                    ï                                  ± ǡ                        ȋ Ǥǡ  ʹͲͲͳȌǤ  ǡ    Ó   ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ      ï          ǡ   À                          ×  ǡ        À       òÀǡ       × Ǥǡ             ï ǡ                                                            ×       ×    ×   Ǥ ¾ Simili tudes entre leng uaje y música o         ×ǣ    ï         ×     ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍ         × ȋǡ ʹͲ ͲͶȌǤ   Ó  ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ Dz        ×                  ×          dz  ȋǤͷͷȌǤ ǡ    ±   ǡ     ǡ       ×          ï  ȋǡ ʹͲͲͶȌǤ   ǡ     ǡ ×   ǡ                            Ǥ                       ǡ    ×   ×   Ǥ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música Ͷͳ o        ǣ     Ó  ȋ ʹͲ ͲͷȌǡ   Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲͷȌǡ  ȋʹͲͲͷȌ     ȋ ʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ  ï                   À      ǡ        Ǥ ǡ            ±                                      ȋ                     ï     ǡ  À          Ȍ     Ó                    Ǥ        ǡ     ǡ                 òÀ   Ǥ   ǡ  ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ Ó      ȋ   Ȍ                         ǡ         ǡ              ǡ        Àǡ  À   ǡ            Ǥ  ǡ                                                   ǡ                                           Ǥ                               ×                ×  ï Ǥ   o                  ǣ                                   ǡ Dz           À        ï         Ó  ï   À       dz ȋ  Ƭ   ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ǡ ǤʹȌǡ          Ǥ              ×    Ǧ     ï   ǡÀ                                ȋǡ ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ   ǡ    ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ  Ó                                                     ò À    ǡ     ×      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   dzȋǤ͸͸ͻȌ   ï    semanticidad Ǥï  ǡ  ï          ǡ                           ǡ            ǡ      Ǥ   ǡ   ï               ×ǡ  × ǡ  ȋǤǡʹͲͲͳȌǤ ¾ Diferenc ias le ngua je-mú sica               ï              À                  ï     ǡ                    ±   ï  À            Ǥ   ï       ×    ǡ         ȋǡ ʹͲͲͷȌ Ǥ  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲ ͵Ȍ             Ó      À   ï     ǡ                                                  ǡ         ×    ï            ǡ       ×Ǥ ï  ǡ    ï        À ǡ     ×        Ǥ         ǡ Dz    ï            À      ×   × ǡ       À               ±dzȋ Ƭ  ǡʹͲͲ͵ǡ Ǥ͸͸͸ȌǤ  ǡ       ï        ×    ǡ  ±      Ǥ ǡ  ×ǡ           ǡ         ï     ȋǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ  ǡ ï ±                           ǡ                                                        ȋ       ǡ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música Ͷ͵ ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ   ǡ  ï          ǡ                     ȋǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ  ïǡ  ï              × ǡ          ȋǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ ǡ ×ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ Ó ïǡ   ǡ  ǡǡ Àǡ×       ×       Ǥ    ǡ     Ó  ǡ Dz ×ï    dzȋǡʹͲͳ͵ǡǤͳʹͷȌǤ ¾ Implicaci ones adaptativas À ï       À      ×                                  Ǥ            ǡ           ×                                  À               ǡ                                 ×                ×      ï   ǡ À                   Ǥ              ǡ          ï                                ï                                       ǡ                          ï     ǡ     ï                       ï  À   ȋǡ ʹͲͲͲȌǤ ǡ ±            ×    ï             À  ǡ   × ǤÓȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ        ï  ǡ                                 Ó         ǡ  ǡ×  Ǥȋ ǤȌ        ȋͳͻͻͺȌ  ï         ǡ                 × Ǥ         Grooming, gossi p, and the evo lution of l anguage                ǡ      ï   ×ǡ       ×  Ǥ      Àǡ  ȋͳͻͻͶȌ   Ó                         ï                  ï        À      ǡ               ǡ                    Ǥ    ï     ǡ       ǡ    À    ×  À     À  Ǥ   ǡ  L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͶͶ ȋʹͲͳͲȌ ï   ǣ    ×ǡ  ×ǡ   Ǥ   ǡ       ȋʹͲͲͷȌ    ï       À Ǥ    The singing neanderthals: the origins of music, language , mi nd and bo dy ǡ                                                                            À             ò À             À                ǡ                  ǡ   musicking Ǥ ǡ   ×  ï  × ×      Ǥ                     ï         ×ǡ   Dz             ï                                       ×                   ï      Àdz ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ ǡ   Ƭ   ȋʹͲͲͷȌ ȋʹͲͲͶȌ Ó   À   ï        ǡ       Ǥ    Àǡ  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ Ó  Dz  ×    ×        ×ǡ   ×ï dzȋǤͳͲȌǤ   À      ×   ǡ       À        À  ǡ        ï                   ±             ×   Ǥ×        ï               ǡ   À     ×            ×  ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ ǡ ǡ ȋͳͻͺͳȌ                        ×              Ǥ     The descent of man ȋ ͳͻͺͳȌǡ     À   × ×  ïǣ                                ȋ ǥ Ȍ                 ×   × ǡ     ǡ      ǡ                       ǡ                                     ȋ ǥ Ȍ              ǤȋǡͳͻͺͳǡǤͷ͹Ȍ ǡ  ȋͳͻͺͳȌ        À                                                    Ǥ      ǡ   ǡ            ×                                             ǡ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música Ͷͷ             À                        ×              ȋ    ǡ ͳͻͺͳȌǤ ǡ Ó  Dz ×        ǡ                                                         ǡ                         dz ȋǡ ͳͻͺͳǡ ǤͷͻȌǤ ǡ      ǡ   ȋͳͻͺͳ Ȍ  Ó   ×        ǡÀ ǣ            ǡ ×      À            ǡ            Ǥ   ×                                                              Ǥ ȋ ǡ ͳͻͺͳǡ Ǥͷ͹Ȍ                                                    ǡ          ǡ     ǡ  ǡ ǡ    À                ȋǡ ͳͻͺͳȌǤ       ǡ       ǡ     ǡ     ǡ     À   ǡ  ±    ȋǡ ͳͻͺͳȌǤ   ǡ    ï      ±     ×    Ǥ  ǡǦȋ ͳͻͻͺȌ Ó ǡ À    òÀǡ                   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ȋǤ͸͹ʹȌǤ    ï      ǡ                 ×            ×               ×      ï   ǡ        ×         òÀ          ± Ǥ      ×À ǡï      ×   Ǧ         ×ǡ                        ×                          Ǥ      ǡ  ȋʹͲͲͶȌ  Ó     Ǧ    ǦòÀ     Ó                  ǡ                            Dz                    òÀ                dz ȋǤͳͲȌǤ ǡ   ȋʹͲͲͷȌ        ǣ                                ǡ       ±                                    ï     Ǥ                                        Ó        × ǡ                                                   ×                         ±Ǥ      ×  ǤȋǤ͵ʹȌ   ǡ      ǡ     ï          òÀ Ǥ  ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ       ±  ǡ  À       ǡ                                                  ±  ǡ          Ǥ                ǡ       ǦòÀ Ǧ  × ×Ǥ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música Ͷ͹ Mús ica , cue rpo y ce r eb r o                     ×        ï     ǡ               ǡ                                      Ǥ          ǡ                              ×         ǡ                            À     ȋ       Ȍ              ȋȌǤ   ǡ   ×  ±      ×       Ǥ   ïǡ      ×  Ǥ   ǡ                  Ǥ      ǡ       À  ×  ï    × À       ȋǡ ʹͲͳͶȌ Ǥ  ǡ    ±     ×       ȋǦǡ ͳͻͻͺȌǤ        À  ǡ À    ï    ×ï      ǡ ×      × Ǥ       Estruc turas de la ment e  ȋʹͲͲͳȌǡ Dz     ï ǡ           dz ȋǤͳͲͶȌǤ Àǡ   ×  ǡ ×  ǡ  ×                ï    ǡ        ǡ       ×        ×             ǡ                                      Ǥ    Ó  ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ    ±         ï      ±   ±× ǡ Dz  À ǣ ï      ±   dz ȋǤͳ͵ȌǤ     ǡ             Ͷ                  ï            ǡ   À           ï             ǡ            À   ×    Ǥ   Ͷ Ǥ Distribución de los ap artados epígr afe  Música y cuerpo Música y cer ebro Música, cuerpo , cerebro y org anismo L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͷͶ o Musicología com parada ǣ              ï          ǡ     ǡ          × ǡ   × ǡ    Ǥ  Àǡ        ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ         À   ±   À             Ǥ  ǡ  À                                                      ï     ǡ              ×            À À    À ǡ          ×     ï     ǡ      ï                                                                       ȋ Ǥǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǤ     ǡ                 À       ǡ ǦȋͳͻͻͺȌǣ        À   À               ǡ                 ×     À      À        ×   Àǡ    ï                   ǡ        À ǡ ǤȋǤͳ ͶȌ  ǡ À×    ǡ            À   ïǡ   À                           Ǥ Ǧ ȋͳͻͻͺȌ  Ó×   ±                                    ǡ       À                                                Ǥ  ǡ       ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ    ×                           ǡ        ǣ    À     À                                        ïǡ òÀǡ  À    À                                                                ×                 ǤȋǤͷ͸Ȍ  ǡ      Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ     ×   À Ó             ǡ              ±  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͷͷ                                          À  Ǥ   ǡ         ±    ï   ±  ×ǡ    ï    ǡ     ï     ï               ǡÀ  Ǥ   L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͷ͸ 1.3. LA PERSPECTIVA ZOOLÓ GICA                ï                           ×         ǡ             ï                        ×   Ǥ                          ×        ǡ                                     ×       ×                                         Ǥ          Ó  ȋͳͻͺͳȌǡ         ×                                                            ï                 ǡ                  Ǥ       ǡ ±                                            ×                  ×    Ǥ          ǡ   ǡ                 ï     ǡ                                À      ȋǡ ʹͲͳͺǢ  Ƭ  ǡ ʹͲͳͷȌǤ   À      ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ    À     ×               ï   ǡ         × ǡ × ǡ                                            ï           Ǥ        ×  ×       ïǡ        ï   × ȋǡʹͲͳʹȌǤ  ǡ±  ï ǡ   ±      ǡ   ±     ×            Ǥ ǡ      ×       ï                     ǡ   À                                      ǡ      ×     biofonía           antrop ofonía                                                                          Ǥ    ï      ǡ                        zoomusicología           ǡ    ××ǡ          × Ǥ   Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͷ͹ El s onido com o form a de comu nicac ión animal       Ƭ          ȋ ʹ Ͳ Ͳ ͵ Ȍ   Ó        Dz                         ×      ×   ï dz ȋǤ͸͸͹ȌǤ                                                      ǡ                                              ×  Ǥ          ×ǡ    À   Àǡ         ×                   ǡ                           Ǥ        ȋ ʹ Ͳ ͳʹȌ    Dz      dz ȋǤͳͳͺȌǤ  bioacústica                                     À         ï      ǡ             Dz                                     ×                 ±   Ó dz  ȋǡ ͳͻͻͻǡ ǤͳͻȌǤ  ±  Ó       ȋͳͺ͸ͺǦͳͻͶ͹Ȍǡ×    ×          Ǥ                                  ï        Ó                     ×                                   ±                    ȋǡ ͳͻͻ ͻȌǤ  ×   ×  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͷȌ Ó  Dz                                                                 À    dz ȋǤ͵͸ȌǤ        ǡ                                               ±      ǡ  À    × ï    ×Ǥ Dz     ǡ      ǡ        ǡ À  dzȋǤ͵ͺȌǤ         ǡ  Ƭ  ȋ ʹͲͳͷȌ                        ǡ    ×     Ǥ    ï        ǡ                      ×                                  ȋǡ ǡ ǤȌǡ                      ×  Ǥ                             ǡ             ǡ  ï   ±  ǡ         ȋ ƬǡʹͲͳͷȌǤ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͷͺ    ×   ǡ ȋʹͲͲͻȌ    Co mport amiento ani mal: c omu nicaci ón ani mal Ǥ   ×ǡ    ǣ ͳȌ    Àǡ Ó ×  Ǥ ʹȌ       ǡ         Ó   ±  Ǥ ͵Ȍ                               Ó       À      ǡ                Ǥ ͶȌ               ǡ        ×    Ǥ ǡ   ×     ×     Ó ǡ         Ǥ       ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ Dz               ï  À  ǡ     ǡ ǡ   dz  ȋǤ͹ͺȌǤ   ǡ                                                    ×  ǡ                                            ×                   Ǥ   ǡ               ǡ     ×   ǡ                                 ×  Ǥ            ǡ Dz                                ×                ×     dz ȋǡʹͲͳʹǡǤ͹ͺȌǤ                                 ï           ǡ                    ×                     Óǡ ×     ×    ǡ     ǡ                     ×  Ǥ         ǡ  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͷȌ      ǣ Dz                               ×   ǡ  ×    ±       ×   À        dz ȋǤͷͺȌǤ    ×     ×          ǡ                   ×      ×Ǥ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͷͻ  ×ǡ   ×                  À                                    ×  Ǥ       ǡ     ×           ×                                                       ǡ     × Ǥ    ǡ      ×ǡ                        À         Ǥ  ǡ  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͷȌ    Dz  ǡ±  Ó×   Ó ±      dz ȋ  Ǥ ͻ ʹ Ȍ Ǥ              ǡ    À        Ǥ  Las funciones del sonido                          ×                       ǡ        × ×  ï     Ǥ  ×                                                          ǡ                    À       ȋͳͺͷͻȌǡ   ȋʹ ͲͳʹȌǡ  ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ   ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ  ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ   Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǣ o Llamadas de apareamiento ǣ  À            Ó     ǡ           ǡ    Ǥ ×          × Ǥ o Llamadas de alarma ǣ               Ó      ±ǡ    Ǥ o Llamadas territoriales ǣ                         Ó                                    ǡ   À                     ×                        Ǥ ǡ ± ×À  ± Ǥ o Llamadas de ayuda ǣ                                                            ǡ   ±   ǡ  ×ǡ ǡ Ǥ o Llamadas de socializaci ón ǣ          ±ǡ          Ǥ  L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͸Ͳ o Llamadas al alimento ǣ  Ó    ǡ                            À        ǡ                   ±       Ǥ    ǡ                  ǡ       Ǥ                      ×    ï                                               ǡ            Ó    ±          ǡ                                                            Ǥ        Ƭ     ȋʹͲͲ͹ Ȍ   ×  × ǡ    escena rio di námico ǡ              ±                                      Ǥ                  ǡ Dz        ǡ        À ÀdzȋǤͶȌ  ǡ   ×  ï            ǡ ǡ ǡ       ǡ            ×               ǡ         ǡ  ǡ  ǡ       Ǥ  ǡ  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͷȌ     ×             ï              ǡ              ǡ   ×   ǣ                  ȋǥȌ                 ǡ ×                 ǡ                                                                    Ǥ  ȋǤͶ͹Ȍ                                                                               ǡ               À          ×  Ǥ           ǡ    Ǥ ȋǤͳʹ͹Ȍ         ǡ                                               ǡ             ×                  ×         ± Ǥ      Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͸ͳ  ǡ                  ǡ Dz   ǡ  ǡ   ï     À                             dz ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹǡ  ǤͳͲȌǤ ǡ Dz ×        ×  ǡ      dz ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳͷǡ ǤͶ͹ȌǤ     ǡ   ×       ǡ  À           × ï  Ǥ ¾ Las frecuencias del sonido  ×                                                                 Ǥ           Ó            ȋ ʹ ͲͲͻȌǡ Dz   ×    ǡ  ±    dzȋǤͶͺȌǤ ǡ           ǡ    Dz                                 dz ȋǡʹͲͳʹǡ Ǥ͹ȌǤ                ǡ         ±    ǡ    ǡ       ȋǡʹͲͳͶǢǡʹͲͲͻȌǣ o  ultrasonidos          × ǡ         ʹͲǤͲͲͲ Ǥ   ± ǡ  ǡ       Ǥ o  infrasonidos     × ǡ      À  ǡ           ʹͲ Ǥ                 ǡ            ǡ  ǡ   ×  Ǥ o           ±   ǡ  Ǥ             ×ǡ     ï               ǡ    À  À          ×                               Ǥ    Ó  ȋͳͻ͸ͻȌǡ Dz                              ×          ǡ                      À   dzȋ Ǥ͵ͺȌǤ  L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͸ʹ                      ǡ      ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ   ǡ ×                                        ǡ    ǡ   À Ǥ           ǡ                                                   ǡ      × Ǥ             ǡ      Ó                                                    ǡ                                                         ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ       ×    ǡ    ×ǡ ×ǡ ±ǡ                ×                 ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌ Ǥ   ǡ  × ï                                    ×                                                                        ǡ    ±                 Ǥ ¾ La velocidad de transmisión del sonido          ×         ±                        Ó     ǡ  ±        Ó   Ǥ    Ó  ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡDz ï ×     ±  ǡ± ǡ       ×ȋǤǤǤȌ À ×dzȋǤʹ͹ȌǤ ǡ                ǡ                     ǡ                                             Ǥ           × ǡ     ǡ       ×ȋǡʹ ͲͲͻȌǣ o En el bosque                  ǡ                 ×Ǥ o En el océano ǡ    ×                  Ǥ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͸͵ o En el aire ǡ                                                                              ǡ                                           ǡ               ÀǤ o En la selva ǡ    ×         Àǡ                                                      ×           Ǥ   ǡ    ï                                              dz ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳʹǡ ǤʹͻȌǤ  ǡ    ×  ǡ   À     ǡ                                          ǡ                  Ó    Ǥ    ×     ǡ               ǡ                         ×                                 Ǥ      ǡ  ×Ó ï         ǡ       Ǥ     ×ǡ      ±   ×           ×   ȋ ǡʹͲͳʹǢ  ǡʹͲͲͻȌǣ o En el bosqu e ǡ ×    ǡ  ×Ǥ o En los ríos ǡ ×               ×               ǡ                        Ǥ o En el océano ǡ                ǡ     ǡ  ǡ                       ǡ      ×  Ǥ ǡ     ×                        ǡ   ×  Ǥ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͹Ͳ Ȍ Cada ecosistema reacciona de fo rma individual y única      Àǡ                ǡ     ǡ    À Ǥ f) Los ruidos pueden afectar a todas las funcio nes del ecosistema por entero ǡ           ×        ǡ                       ǡ                ×Ǥ  ±            ×   ï                   ×        ǡ                              ǡÀ ǡ  Ǥ ¾ Las implicaci ones medioambie ntales    ȋʹͲͳʹȌ ×     À±Àǡ                    À ǡ      À         À      ×  ×   ×        ȋ  Ƭ ǡ ʹͲ ͳͷȌǤ  ǡ   Dz ï            ȋ Ȍ   ï      ȋ             Ȍ dz  ȋ       ǡ  ʹͲͳʹǡ Ǥ͹ͷȌǤ   ǡ  ±                       ±         ×                                   ǣ    ǡ Ǥ   ǡ     À    ×      Dz±  ǡ ×ǡ×   Ǥ  ǡ Dz   ×dzȋ  Ƭǡ ʹͲͳͷǡ Ǥͳʹ͸ȌǤ  ǡ            ǡ          À  ǡ                  ×               Ǥ           ǡ   À        ×    ǣ  À         ×                                      ǡ                             À         ×         ×  ǡ    ï            À  ǡ                   Ǥ        ×   ï          ǡï ǤȋǡʹͲͳʹǡ Ǥ͸ͺȌ   ǡ  ȋʹͲͳʹȌ         À   ï                ×   ǡ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͹ͳ                                          ×                  ×   ×   ×Ǥ ǡ ×ǡ        ǡ                     À               ×     Ǥ  ǡ Dz       ǡ                 ×       ï           À   ǡ                                ×                    ǡ                              dz ȋ  Ǥǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǤ  ǡ À    À ǡ            ×       ǡ     ǣ         ï                              ǡ    ×     Ǥ  ×  ±  ǡ   ±        Ǥȋ ƬǡʹͲͳͷǡǤͳ͸ͺȌ  La mus i cali dad el mu ndo anima l ÀÀ     À                               ǡ         À                     ×      ǡ         À      Ǥ ǡ                ± ×  ǡ                   ȋ Ǥǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǤ                                   ǡ        ǡ ï   ǡ     ǣ Ȍ Por tradición vertical ǡ             Ǥ Ȍ Por tradición oblicua ǡ     ×             ×Ǥ  Ȍ Por tradición horizontal ǡ Ǥ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͹ʹ   ï                   ï               × ǡ               ×        ǡ                 ×         ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͲȌǤ ǡ      ×        ïǡ          ×                                 ǡ  ± ïǤ                                       Ǥ Ǥǡȋͳ͸ͳ͵Ȍ Dz    ǡ       ǡ    ȋǤǤǤȌ    À  ïǡ           ȋǤͳͷ͹Ȍǡ       ×         ïǣ x  ǡ       ïǡ      À   ȋǤͳͷ͹Ȍ x         Ǥ Ǥ Ǥ   × ǡ           Àȋǡͳ͸ͳ͵ȌȋǤͳͷ͹Ȍ x     Ǥ Ǥ  ǡ             ïdzȋǤͳͷ͹Ȍ   ǡ               ǡ     À      ǡ   Ǥ         ×    ×ï  ǣ x  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ      ï     ǡ          À                  ǡ                  ï                                ǡ                            ±    Ǥ x ǡ  ǡ  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ  ×           Ǥ x  ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ     ǡ Ó   ×                ï                                         ïǤ     ï      ǡ  ï  Ǥ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͹͵ x  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͳȌ            Ǥ   Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲͶȌ        ǡ   Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͲȌ    ±     ï    Ǥ x  ȋͳͻͺͳȌ Dz    ï                 dz ȋǤ͵͵͵Ȍǡ  ±       ±   ïǡ     ± Ǥ x  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͷȌ  Ó            ǡ     ǡ ±ǡ    À Ǥ                ǡ   Ǥ x  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ           Ǥ  Ǥ  ȋʹͲͳͶ Ȍ Ó       ±   ï       ǡ   Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͲȌ                    À                 À    Ǥ x ǡ ǡ ǡ Ƭ   ȋʹͲͲͻȌ        × À    Ǥ x  Ƭ  ȋ ͳͻͺͶȌ     ×     ×   × Ǥ x ǡ ǡ Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͷȌ                                          ï                      À       ǡ            ï   À Ǥ x  ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍ            Ǥ x  Ǥ ȋͳͻͻ͵Ȍ  Ó              À ǡ           Ó Ǥ x  ǡ ǡǡ Ƭ   ȋʹͲͲͲȌ                                         ǡ   ×  ǡ       À ǡ       Ǥ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͹Ͷ      ï                          Dz                                   ×                  dz ȋ Ƭ  ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ǡ Ǥ͸͸ͷȌ Ǥ    ǡ   À Ó     ǡ                                               À                                   ×                 × Ǥ    ǡ ±                                ǡ                        ±                        ï Ǥ  ǡ       ǡ  ǡ   ǡ Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳ͹Ȍ     ǡ      À           ǡ            ǡ              ×ǡ            ×     Ǥ   ǡ  ȋʹͲͳͺȌ ±              Ǥ    Ó  ǡ Dz            À                         ±                   ȋ ǥ Ȍ               dz ȋǤͶͺȌǤ   ǡ  À              ×                 ×  × ǡ   À    ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ   ǡ                         ×     ï    ǡ                   ×                           ×                               Ǥ    Ó  ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ Dz  ǡ        ǡ                                dz ȋ  Ǥ ͷ ͹ Ȍ Ǥ              ǡ                                     ×                                  ǡ        ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ   À        ǡ     ǡ                      ǡ          ×ǡ     Ǥ       Ƭ   À ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍǡ          Dz            ǡ                    ǡ      ȋ    Ȍ       ÀdzȋǤ͸͸ȌǤ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͹ͷ     Ó  ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ǡ        À  ×ǡ            À   Ǥ     ǡ         À            ǡ                                              Ǥ                 ×ǡ       ×                                                                                                            Ǥ            ×  ǡ                                        À          ǡ Ó         ǣ x Aves ǣ                                 ǡ                 À    Ǥ       Ǧ  ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲͷȌ    ȋʹͲͲͲȌǡ         ǡ     ×        ï        Ǥ                                                   À ï ȋǡ ǡ ǡ  Ƭ   Ǧ  ǡ ʹͲͲͺȌǡ   ×            ȋǡ ǡ Ƭ  ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǡ    × ±             ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͹Ȍ      ï                    ȋ ǡʹͲͳ͹ǢƬǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ  x Primates ǣ                      ǡ            ï   ǡ      ÀǢ     ǡ      ǡ            Ǥ   Ó     ȋ ʹͲͲʹȌ       ǡ  ǡ ǡ Ƭ ò ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ         ǡ    ȋͳͻͺ͵Ȍ         Ǥ    ǡ ±           ×        ȋͳͻͺʹȌ             ȋ ͳͻͺ͵Ȍǡ     ȋͳͻͻͷȌ À ïǤ x Mamífer os marinos ǣ               ǡ×           L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͹͸     ×   ×   ×Ǣ    ǡ                          Ǣ                 ǡ                              Ǥ          ȋͳ ͻͻͶȌǡ                       ×                                   ± Ǣ  ǡ ǡ ǡƬ ȋʹͲͲͷȌ ǡ                   Ǣ   Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ    Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ                                                      ×  Ǣ          ǡ       ǡ   ǡ Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳͺȌǡ             ±Ǥ x Elefantes ǣ            ǡ        À ǡ                        ×  × Ǥ      Ƭ  ȋͳͻͺʹȌ    ǡ  ǡ Ƭ  ȋͳͻͺ͸Ȍ    À       Ǣ    Ǥ ȋʹͲͳʹȌ     ǡ      ǡ          ǡ Ƭ   ȋͳͻͺͺȌ                                 Ǣ   ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ƭ  ȋʹͲͲͷȌ         Ǣ ȋͳͻͺ͵Ȍ  ×   × Ǥ      Ó                                           ǡ      ±                      ǡ                           ï      Ǥ              ǡ                ǡ  ǡ Ƭ   ȋͳͻͻͺȌ   Ani mal Acoustic C ommunication: So und Analysis and Resea rch Methods ǡ À       Ƭ   ȋʹͲͲʹȌ    Songs, Ro ars, and Rituals: Communi catio n in Bir ds, Mammal s, and Oth er Animal s                 Ǥ                          ï   ǡ   Óǣ x   x   ǡ   x     Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͹͹ x    ×    ±  x À  × Ó  x         ïǡ ±    Ó        À ±       ×             ǡ                                     ×              ×       ±  ×  ǣ         ×    ±        ǡ     ±×À              ǡ                     ×   × ǡ             ǡ              ×  À ï    ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ                ×               ǡ                                     Ǥ       ǡ     ±                                  ǡ   À   Ǥ       ǡ                         ±           Ǥ         ǡ      ǡ                    Ǥ  ǡ Dz                                                 ×         dz ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳͷǡ Ǥ ͻʹȌǤ    ǡ    ±          ×      ×       ǡ          ±            ±                             ǡ             ±  ×  Ǥ   ǡ     ×                   ×                   ǡ  ±                                    Ǥ       ǡ           Ó  ȋʹͲͲͺȌǡ                        ï                 À         ×      ǡ                      Ǥ     ǡ                      ×    ǡ          ±               Ǥ              ǡ                         À    Ǥ       ×ǡ    ×  L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͹ͺ      ×                     ǡ ×Ǥ Hacia la zoomus ic ologí a. Implic acion es peda góg icas.                                                        ×   ïǡ   ï                 À  À   ï    ǣ   ÀǤ  ǡ     ±            Ó           ± Ǧ    ȋͳͻͻʹȌǡ  ×                           ï         × Ǥ    Music, Myth and Natur e  ×      ± Àǡ            ǡ   ×       ǡ                     ×Ǥ  ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍ ×  ±         Syntagms and paradig ms in zoomu sicology ǡ   ×  Ǥ      ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍǡ À  ȋʹͲͲͺȌ ×    ±    Intr oduction (to the issue an d to zoomus icology) ǡ     ×  ǣDz ±  ±  Ǥ     À   ï   dz ȋǤͳ ȌǤ     ȋʹͲͲͺȌ           Àǡ             ǣ ͳǤ À  À   Ǥ  Àǡ À Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ       ǡ                              ǡ                    À  Ǥ                     ǡ    Ǥ  ʹǤ  À        ×    × ǡ        Ǥ  ǡ            ǤȋǤͻȌ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͹ͻ  ×   À    Zoomusicology and musical u niversals: the question of processes ȋ ʹͲͲͺȌǡ           ǡ   Methodol ogies and problem s in zoomusicology  ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ          ×Ǥ    Ó   ȋʹͲͳͶȌǡ Dz                     ï    ×    × dzȋǤͷ͹ȌǤ    ǡ      ×    ï    ±        ï   ǡ                   ï  ȋǡʹͲͲͳǢ ǤǡʹͲͲͳȌǤ    ×ǡ   Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌ     ǦÀ    ǦÀǡ            ǡ                 ǣ Ǭ×                    ǦÀ          À           Ǧ          À  ǡ       À                À     ȋ ǥ Ȍ ǫ                     À     ï ǡ  Ǭ           ǫ ȋǤʹ͹Ȍ    Ó  Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǡ      ï                                    ×    ïǤ  ǡ Dz±    À  ǡ  Àǡ  Àǡ  À   Ǧ À       ǡ    ǡ                ï dz ȋ  Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳͷǡ ǤʹͶȌǤ     ǡ        ȋʹͲͲͳȌ         ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ  ǡ  ×  ×  Ǥ   Ó  ȋʹͲͳͶȌ    Zoomusicologia . A sabedoria do som vivo ǡ                                ï              ǡ                                ǡ À     ×Ǥ  ǡ  À      ×     ×     ×        ï   ǡ          ×      À        × Ǥ    Àǡ  ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ     ȋʹͲͲͻȌ Ó       ï                                                       L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͺ͸ ï Ǥǡ ±  ×   Àǡ  ±      À ï   Ǥ          ×  ǡ                                ǡ                                     ×     ǣ ¾ Definiciones de sonido desde la ecología acústica o Dz          Ǥ                                                   ͳ ͸                                         Ǥ    ǡ ǡ  Ǥ dzȋǡͳͻ͸ ͻǡǤͳ͹ȌǤ o  Dz                     À                              À Ǧ  ǡ  ǡ ǡ    ×Ǥ       ×                            À ǡ           ǡ   ïï dzȋǡʹͲͳʹǡ ǤͳͻȌǤ o Dz À           ïǡ                                      ±              ×        dz ȋǡʹͲͳʹǡǤͻȌǤ o                            ǣ  ǡ ± ïǡ × ï ȋ ǡʹͲͳʹȌǤ o Dz                           À          ï        Ǥ                    ǡ    dzȋǡͳͻ͸ͻǡǤ͹ͳȌǤ o             ï                                     ±     ×     ǡ ǡǡ  ȋǡʹͲͳʹȌǤ o Dz  À ï Ǥ À        ǡ                      ǡ                      Ó   ǡ                                       Ǥ       Ó     ï        ǡ           ǡ         ×       ǡ            ǡ                      ×                                                      ×    ï                                  Ǥ    dzȋ ƬǡʹͲͳ͵ǡǤͳ͵͹Ǧͳ ͵ͺȌǤ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͺ͹ ¾ Definiciones de ruido desde la ecología acústica o Dz    Ó  Ǥ      ǡ ǡ    dzȋǡͳͻ͸ͻǡǤʹͻȌǤ o Dz          Ó      Ǣ                         À dzȋ ǡʹͲͲ͸ǡǤͳͷͶȌǤ o                                         ǡ                  ×ǡ ȋǡͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ o Dz       ±                                                Ǥ Ǭ  ×   ǡ           ǫdz ȋǡ ͳͻ͸ͻǡ  ǤʹͷȌǤ o   ǡ                     ȋÀǡͳͻͺͺȌǤ ¾ Definiciones de silencio desde la ecología acústica o Dz  ǡ       ǡ     Ǥ    ǡ ǡ        ǡ     dzȋǡʹͲͲ͸ǡǤͳͷ͵ȌǤ o Dz             À ǡ         dzȋ  ǡͳͻ͸ͻǡǤʹʹȌǤ o  Dz                 ï                              Ǥ                    ÀǢ         ǡ         À      Dz  ȋǡʹͲͳ͵ǡǤͳ͹͵ȌǤ o Dz      dzȋǡͳͻ͹ͷǡǤͳ͹ȌǤ o Dz            ǡ            Ǥ    ǡ          À             À    ǡ     À dzȋ ǡʹͲͲ͸ǡǤͳͷ͵ȌǤ o Dz     ǡ  Ͷ ǯ͵͵ǯǯ   ×ǡ ×  À          × ǡ  dzȋǡͳͻ͸ͻǡǤͳͶȌǤ o                                    ǡ                                         ǡ                 ï        Ǥ                                         À ȋ ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͺͺ ¾ Definiciones de escuchar y oír desde la ecología acúst ica o DzÀǡ     ×  ǡ     Ǥ                     ǡ              À                 Ǥ                     ǡ  À          ïǡ    dzȋǡͳͻ͹ͷǡǤͳʹȌ o Dz          ×   ï      ǡ        × ÀǤ À                   À               Ǥ     ï  ǡ   Àǡ                   ǡ      À                                          Ǥ                ×       dzȋ  ƬǡʹͲͳͷǡǤͻͻȌǤ        Ó        ǡ          × ǡ                                  Ǥǡ   Ó ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ  Dz   ×       Àǡ   ïǡ   ×ǡ   À   ï dz ȋǤ͵ͶȌǡ  ×   À  × ×Ǥ  ǡ              ×                                        ×             ǡ   À            × ǡ  × Ǥ El pai saje sonor o  ±    Ó          ±ͳͻ͸Ͳǡ  × ±  ± soundscape. ±           The Tuning of the World  ȋͳ ͻ͹͹Ȍǡ     ±± Àǣ landscap e ȋ Ȍǡ    ǣ   ȋ Ȍ   ïǡ         ±                                  ǡ                                           Ǥ                    ȋ  ȌǢ    ǡ        ǡ         Ǥȋǡͳͻ͸ͷǡǤͳʹȌ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͺͻ    ǡ Dz        ï dz ȋǡ ͳͻͻ͹ǡ Ǥʹ͵ȌǤ ±     Dz          ǡ             ǡ          ǡ                      ǡ              dz ȋǡ ʹͲͳͳǡ Ǥ͵ͺȌǤ ïȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ ±          À     Ǥ   ± ǡ     ±      ±     objeto sonoro ǡ ±    Ǥ   ǡ      À    ǡ            ǡ                          Ǥ  ǡǡ Dzǡǡǡǡǡ ǡ dzȋǡ ͳͻ͸ͻǡǤ͸͵ȌǤǡ     ǡ       ×    ×     ±    ×      ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ   ×ǡ                              ǡ                                                   ±            ×        ǡ ǣ            ǡ                                À            ǡ À        ǣ ǡ  ǡ ǡ         ǡ       Ǥ                         À                                      Ǥ                      À                ǡ                                           Ǥ          ï  ǡ      ±       ×  ǡ                      Ǭǫȋǡͳͻ͸ͻ ǡǤͳͺȌ   ǡ         À               × ǡ                      ȋ   ǡʹͲͳʹȌǣDz              À      ǡ              ǡ                        ǡ                                  Ǧ  ǡ           × dz ȋǤͳͻͻȌǤ   ǡ   ȋͳͻ͸ͻȌ   ȋʹͲͳʹȌ             ×     ǡ   ×                                    ×                 ǣ Dz    À ͳͲͲͲǡ         dzȋǡ ʹͲͳʹǡ Ǥ͹ͳȌǤ  Ó ǡ ï  ±×   ǡ               ǡ      L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͻͲ El nuevo paisaje sono ro ȋ ͳͻ ͸ ͻ Ȍ                 ×    Ǥ                              ǡ                                                    ǡ     ×ȋ ʹȌǤ  ʹ Ǥ Evolución de los sonidos desde las c ulturas primitivas hasta la a ctualidad    ǣ ȋͳͻ͸ͻǡ ǤͳͺȌ   ǡ  ȋ ͳͻ͸ͻȌ  ×  ±                              ǡ                                  ×           ǡ                           À  El compositor en el aula ȋǡͳͻ͸ͷȌǣ              ǡ        ï                                      Ǥ       ×   ±  ǤȋǤͳ͵Ȍ              À    ȋʹͲͳʹȌǡ    ±       ×             ×       Ǥ  ǡ       Ó                                       ï        ǡ   ǡ   ǡ  ǡ       Ǥ           ǡ                                       ǡ            À                                            Ǥ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͻͳ ǡ ȋʹͲͳʹȌ                  ǡ                                                 ×        ǡ          ǡ  Àǣ       ±ǡ       ǡ              ±       ǡ  À        ǡ                       À                        Ǥ                ǡ    ǤȋǤͳͻͻȌ ǡȋʹͲͲͲȌ  × ×        ×         ǣ                                     ǡ                      ǡ        ǡ     ǡ          ǡ ǡ  À      × Ǥ   ǡ     ×     ±            ïǡ      ×       ïǤ                                      ×      ±  ǡ                   ï          ǡ          Ǥȋͳͻ͸ͻȌ           ×        ǣ     ×                      Ǥ                                   ×                                       À    ±      ± . ȋǤʹͻȌ        ǡ                ï                   ruido sa        ǡ   ±                       Ǥ       Ó    Ƭ    À ȋʹͲͲ͵Ȍ ǡ                      ǡ               Ǥ     ǡ  ×  ×           ǡ                          Ǥ  ǡ   ȋͳͻ͸ͻȌ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͻʹ   Dz ï               ×      ×   À         ïȋǤͳͷȌǤ    ǡ  ȋ ʹͲͲͲȌ       ï        À                ǡ      ï Ǧ                                  ǡ                       ±     ×   ǡ              À   Ǥ        ǡ                ï Àǡ ǡ  ǡ  ǡ ïǡ             ǡ                  ×              À             ǡ                                         ǡ      ×    ±     Ǥ    ×      ±      Óǡ  Ó  ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ     ǣ         ǡ  Ó        ±             Ó           Ǥ      ǡ                                      Ǥ  À        ×               ǡ          ±  ǤȋǤͳͷͺȌ   ǡ      À   ±    × ǡ  Dz                     ǡ             À ǡ    ±      ǡ        ǡ       Ȁ        dz ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲ͸ǡ ǤͳͷʹȌǤ  ǡ ï  ǡ            × ǡ    ±       ×         ǡ  Óǣ  ǡ         Ó   ǡ       À                                  ×            ǡ      ǡ          ǡ  ǡ ǡ  ×ǡ ǡ  ǡǡ    ǡ±ǡ   ǤȋǡʹͲͲ͸ǡǤͳ͸͵Ȍ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͻ͵         ǡ                                             ǡ       ǡ ±   ȋǡ ͳͻ͹ͷȌǤ  ×             ×  ǡ                       Cuan do las pala bras cantan ȋͳͻ͹ͲȌ  Limpieza de oídos  ȋͳͻͻͺȌ  ǡ limpia r   ×  ǡ     ǣ                                                      Ǥ                                                          ǡ  ǡ            Ǥ                                  Ǥȋǡͳͻ͹ͲǡǤͳ͸Ȍ     ×      ǡ   ǡ                                           ǡ                                Ǥ   ǡ   ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ Ó                              ±ǡ  À     Ǥ     Àǡ    ȋͳͻ͸ͷȌ Ó    ×             Ǥ  ǡ     Dz        ×     Ȃ   Ȃ  Àǡ       ǡ           ǡ          ±           ǡ  dzȋ  Ƭǡ ʹͲͲ͹ǡǤʹȌǤ La conta minació n acúst ica × ×    Àï                                      ×      ǣ   × ï Ǥ                            ×         ǡ                                           ȋ     À  ǡ ͳ ͻ ͺ ͺ Ȍ Ǥ            × ï              ȋ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͻͶ ȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ Ó  Dz       × Àǡ                                          dzȋ  Ǥ ͳ ͸ ȌǤ     ǡ                 ×                                   ×     ǡ      ïǤ        Ƭ   ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ Dz    ×                                × dzȋǤʹͺͶȌ Ǥ  × ï ×                    ×            ǡ                              ȋ    ǡ ʹͲͲ͸Ǣ ǡ ͳͻ͸ͻȌǤ       ×                        ǡ                                          ×   ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ ǡ À ȋͳͻͺͺȌ Ó    × ǡ   ×      ï                                    Ǥ  ǡ           ×                           ǡ     ÀǤ ǡ  × ï   ×    ǡ         ×    Ǥ     Ó×                     ǡ                                     ǡ     × ï  ǣ                                             ǡ      ǡ   Ǥ     Ǥ                             ×                              ±ǡ                         ×                ×               ǡ                           Ǥ ǡ    Ǥ ȋǡͳͻ͸ͻǡǤ͵͵Ȍ  ǡȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍ  ǣ  ǡ             ±  Ǥ    × Ó    ǡ ×  Ǥ ǡ              ×  ï           Dz            dz ȋǡͳͻ͸ ͻǡǤͶ͵ȌǤ                               ǡ                 Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͻͷ Ǥ    Ó  ȋʹͲͳͳȌǡ              Àǡ     ǡ  ǡ     Ǥ ǡ        ȋǡ ͳͻͻ͹Ǣǡ ʹͲͲ͸ǢǡʹͲͳ͵Ǣǡ ǦǡʹͲͲʹǢͳͻͻͺƬǡʹͲͲ͵ ȌǤ ǡ  ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍ  Ó           ǣ × ǡ × ×Ǥ  ×ǡ           Àǡ   ǣ o Audiológicos ǣ ± ȋȌ À  o Fisiológicos ǣ        ȋ  ×Ȍǡ À  ȋ ǡ Ȍǡ   ȋ ×ǡ ×         ÀȌǡ    ȋ      Ȍ   ȋ  ȌǤ   ×           ± ǡ       ǡ  ǡ ïǡ ǡ ǡ  ×Ǥ o Ps icológico s ǣ         ǡ         ± ǡ Óǡ   ×ǡ±  ǡ   À      Ǥ  ±      Ǥ                             ǡ Ǧ ȋʹͲͲʹ Ȍ  Ó      ×       ͺͲ                   Ǥ  ǡ    ͶͲΨ   ×               ǡ       ͵ Ͳ Ψ                                                 ÓǤ  Ƭ  ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ   ×    ×                                ǣ       ±         ×    ï      Ǥ          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                    ǡ                 ±                Ǥ        Ǧ Ó ǤȋʹͲͳͺȌǡ      ×       Ǥ  Ó  Dz  ×         ×                 dz ȋǦÓ Ǥǡ ʹͲͳͺǡ  Ǥ ͵ Ȍ ǡ                                      ǡ À ǡ  × ǡ    ×Ǥ   ǡ             ×    À                ǡ             ï  ǡ           ×        Ǥ      ǡ                À  Dz            À    ±                       Ó                 ×  ǡ              ×      dzȋǦÓ ǤǡʹͲͳͺǡǤ͵ȌǤ         À    × Ǥ  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳͲ͵ 1.5. LA PERSPECT IVA INTERD ISCIPLINAR        ×   ï         ǡ ×ǡ ×   ×ǡ   ï À    À        ǡ  ±            Ǥ     ǡ             ×        ï   ǡ                          ×Ǥ  ǡ        ×   ïǡ ƬȋʹͲͳͷȌ ǣ                      ï                            ×      ǡ        ǡ      Ǥ            ï                   ǡ           ǡ                          Ǥ                                                                                              ǡ   ǤȋǤͳ ͷͺȌ  ×  ǡ                        ǡ                   ×      ×Ǥ                       ǡ    ï            Ó                        ǡ       Àǡ  ǡ    Àǡ  ǡ  Àǡ        ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǤ        ǡ ×ǡ ×ǡ ×      ï                             ǡ                 ×        ×            ×         ǡ          Ǥ        ×                ï              ǡ     ± À  ǡ    ×         ǣ    À  ×        ×           ǡ      ±                                ǡ    ±ǡ ±ǡ                                   Ǥ Ǭ                               ǫȋ ǦǡͳͻͻͺǡǤͳʹȌ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͳͲͶ Ciencias y músi ca en la h istor ia educati va     ×  ×    ×                                                                             ×  ǡ     ×        ×          ǡ            ͸Ǥ          Ƭ     ȋ ʹͲͳͳȌ   ×ǡ            ǡ  Dz               ǡ   ǡ                        dzȋǤͳ͹ȌǤ ǡ    ǡ× À  ï      ×                   ×            Ǥ    ͸ Ǥ Línea temporal del epígrafe                       ×                            ×            ±ǡ    ×       À     ×                    ×    Ǥ         Ó        ȋͳ͸͹ʹȌǡ  À    ï   ǡ  dzȋǤͶȌǤ   An tigua Grecia   òǡ      ï   À    À        ȋǡ ͳ͹ͲͲȌǤ ǡ   ×         ï                 ±                Ǥ       ǡ                ï         Dz              ǡ  ǡ ×       dz  ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ  ǡ                    ï                 musik é ǡ  arte de las mu sas Ǥ Dz  À  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳͲͷ           ï  ǡ    ǡ     À  Àdz  ȋ±Ƭǡ ʹͲͳ͹ǡ ǤͳͺȌǤ  ×                ǡ  ×ǣ     À      ï     Ǥ ï ȋ Ɋ ɍ ɓ ɐ ɇ Ɉ ᚜ Ȍ                ×          Ǽ                  ǽ ǡ    ǡ        Ǥ    Àǡ ï    ǡ               ǡ               ï                     ǡ               ï               À  ȋ ǥ Ȍ        ǡ          × Ǥ ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳͳǡ ǤͳͶͺȌ        ǡ            ±                ǡ   ×          Ǥ    ǡ               ×                         À ǡ                        ǡ                                                            ȋ ƬǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ     ǡ                    ï                     ǡ Dz                        À                                    × ǡ       ×dz ȋǤͳͷͳȌǤ   ×ǡ         ×    × ǣ o   × ȋǤ ǤǤ Ȍ                 À         ǡ   ï    × ï       ÀǤDz   ±    Ó   × ǡ   ï                 ǡ                    ï           ±          dz ȋ ± Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳ͹ǡ  ǤͳͺȌ Ǥ    ǡ                                         ×                    ǡ                       ï ǡ    ȋ  ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǤ  ǡ    Dz ×   ï                    ǡ               À                   dz ȋǡ ͳͻ͸Ͷǡ ǤͶ͵ȌǤ           ǡ Dz         ×                             ×           ǡ         ïdz ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹǡ ǤͳͻȌǤ ǡ         ×             ×                  À              ǡ                                                         ×            ȋ± Ƭ  ǡ ʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ   ± Ó×  ï  ͹     ǡ Dz              ͹      L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͳͲ͸  dzȋǡ ͳͻ͸Ͷǡ ǤͶ͵ȌǤ  ǡ    ȋͳͻ͹ͷȌ  Ó       ǡ     ï      À   ×   Ǥ o   ǡ × ȋǤ ǤǤȌ             ×            À    Ǥ       ×                                    ǡ   Dz        À   ïdz  ȋǡ ͳͻ͸Ͷǡ ǤͶʹȌǤ  ×    ï        À                     ȋǡ    Ȍ ×  ±  ǡ ÀÀ        ȋ  ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǤ    ǡ ×      ±   Dz     ǡ  ±   dz ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳͳǡ ǤͳͷͷȌǤ      ×  × À  ïǡ À                  ȋǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ  ǡ×   À     ×  ï       ǡ                    ǡ Dz           ×   Àï ×À  Ǧdzȋ ǡʹͲͳͳǡǤͳͷͷȌǤ o      ×     ȋ Ǥ   Ǥ  Ǥ Ȍ ǡ                   ×  ǡ       ï   À   ǡ     ȋȌ ȋ ǡ ͳͻ͸ͶȌǤ ï  ×       ï         À             ǡ                 Ǥ              ǡ   ȋͳ͸ͳ͵Ȍ   ×   ×    ǡ               ×    Ǥ   ǡ ×     ï  ×                  ǡ            ×   ×       × ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǣ   À   ǣ  ǡ         ×Ǣ     ǡ                  ǡ        ǡ               ×                               ×                 ×           ×  ǡ                                  Ǣ           ǡ                         Ǣ            ǡ                         ǤȋǤͳͷͷǦͳͷ͸Ȍ Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳͲ͹       ×        ×      ï            Ó             ǡ             À ǣ                               Ǥ                                            À     ǡ    ×                ×  ± ±       ǡÀ ïǡ  ××  ǤȋǡʹͲͳͳǡǤͳͷͶȌ  Edad Media         artes liberales          ǣ  ȋ     ǡ  ±      ×     Ȍ            ȋ               ± ǡ  Àǡ  À   ïȌ ȋ±  Ƭ ǡ ʹ Ͳͳ͹ȌǤ    ×ǡȋͳ͸͹ʹȌ ×   ǣ  ï       ǡ      ǡ  À             ǡ     ǣ  ǡǡ× ǡ ×ǡ ïǡ ±ǡ Àǡ   Àǡ           À ǡ ǡ  ×Ǥȋ ǡͳ͸͹ʹǡǤͶȌ             ×                                 ±          ×       ï                       × Ǥǡ                               À          ï                       ǡ  ǡ  ǡ ǡ         ï Ǣ    ǡ    ǡ     À  ȋǡ ͳ͸͹ʹǡ ǤͶȌǤ  ï   ǡ   ï                             ǡ                 ǡ                   ǡ       À ȋǡ 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      Ó           ×  Ǥ    ǡ             ±                       ȋǡ  ʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ    ±           À ȋǤȌǡ     ×    ǡ                                                      Ǥ        ï      ǡ  ȋǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ                   ×                   lo cus a menus ǡ              Ǥ                   Ó                             ȋͳͻͷ͵Ȍǡ     ±ÀǤ    ±  ï   ± ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ          À                    ×ǤȋʹͲͲͳȌ Dz    ȋ ǥ Ȍ                        ï  À   À       ǡ    ±   ǡ   ǡ    dzȋ ǤͳͲ͸ȌǤ  ǡ  ±      ×          ï     ȋʹͲͳ͸Ȍ     ×  ǡ         ×   ±    À           À  ×ǡ   ±    ×    × Ǥ    ǡ        ±     ǡ                 ×      ǡ                ǡ               Ǥ  Renacimient o     ǡ          ǡ      Àǡ            ±   Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳͲͻ         ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ              ǡ  ×ǡ                                       ǡ           À        Ǥ      À                                                      ǡ          ×                                   ǡ                    À ȋǡ ǡ ǡ Ƭ ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ       ǡ              ±             ×   Àǡ  ×               ǡ    ×      ×  À  ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ    ±       ×          ǡ                                   ×            ×                        ï      ȋ         ǡ  ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ    ×    ǡ                    À   ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ   ǡ                                                       Ǥ       ǡ      ï                    ×              ǡ                                                ×            ±Ǥ  Barroco                     ï                          ǡ                       ±Ǥ          ǡ Àǡ   ǡ    ï                                ǡ       Ó                                                   ×                   ȋ      ǡ ʹ Ͳ ͳ ͹ Ȍ Ǥ        Fragmentos m úsicos ǡ  ȋͳ͹ͲͲȌ   ï    Dzǡǡ  ǡ   ×       dzǤ          À    ǡ           E l p o r q u é d e l a m ú s i c a   ȋͳ͸͹ʹȌ                               ×            ï                   À  ȋǤͳȌǤ      × ×   ×  ǡ       ǡ            ± ǣ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ͳͳͲ                                                           ǡ   ±                             Ǣ    À          À       ï                             ǡ             ȋ ï    Ȍ    Àǡ   ǡ   Àǡ       ± ×  ǡ  Ǥȋǡͳ͸͹ʹǡǤͷͲ͹Ȍ   ǡ   ±   ȋͳ͸ͳ͵Ȍ      El  mel opeo y maestro    Ó  ×  ǡ                 ×           ×                  ǡ              À                      ×  ǣ                       ×               À ǡ                                 Ó       ïǢ                        ǡ          ǣ   ǡ      Ó  ȋǤǤǤȌȋǤͻȌ  Clasicismo               ×          ǡ                                  À               ǡ                              ï     ǡ                        ±      ȋ         ǡ ʹ Ͳ ͳ ͹ Ȍ Ǥ          À       locus am enus ǡ                     ï   ǡ               ×          Ó  Ǥ                         ï       ǡ   ǡ ×ǡ      ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ  ȋͳ͸ͳ͵Ȍ          ×  ï ǡ   ×  Àǣ                                                ǡ                           ǡ           ï     ǣ                               ǡ      ǡ     ǡ                     ï     ǣ                    ǡ                                À  Ǣ                                    ×ȋǤͳͷ͹Ȍ         ×                             × À ǡ            ïǡ       ±    ǡ        À       ÀǤ ǡ × À  Capítulo 1: Enfoques ontológic os de la música ͳͳͳ                  ǡ    ȋʹͲͲͻȌǣ      ǡ  ǯ     ǡ                                                             ×       À     Ǥ        ǡ    ǡ    ï ǡ                ǡ ǡ  × ǤȋǤ͵Ȍ           ǡ                               À             À   ×    ï ǡ     À             ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ    Ó  ǡ                               ï                                                  Ǥ       ǡ              ±      ȋʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ×À  ï  ×          ǡ     À       ǣ ï     ± Àǡ ï  × À  Ǥ    ǡ         ×                        ǡ   À  ǡ                ǡ                ×    Ǥǡ                       ǡ            ǡ       À       ×         ǤȋǡʹͲͳ͵ǡǤͳȌ  Romantic ismo y Revolución ind ustr ial    ×            À        ǡ                     Ǥ             ×                            ×         À                             ×   ×  ×   ȋǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ  ×    ×ǡ      ×          ǡ                   ×         L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ʹͳͶ  ͸ Ǥ Estimación de los centros educ ativos en Ga licia para el c urso 2017-2018   ǣ ȋʹͲͳ ͹ǡǤͳ͹Ȍ                   ï                         Ó                ×      ʹͲͳ͹ǦʹͲͳͺǡ     ×         ǡ          ͹Ǥ   ǡ                                     ǡ   filtro provincia Ǥ ±                             ǡ              ×               ͹Ǥ  ǡ ×   ǡï                          Ó  ȋ ͵ ͹ Ǥ ͸ ͺ Ψ             Ȍ ǡ             ȋ͵͸Ǥ͸ʹΨȌǡ ȋͳ͵ǤͶʹΨ  Ȍ ȋͳʹǤʹͺΨ  ȌǤ ǡ         ǡ       ï           ×     ×  Ǥ   ͹ Ǥ Distribución de la pobla ción por provincias  A Coruña Lugo Ourense Pontevedr a Ed. Primaria ͵͵͸ ʹ͵ǤͺͶΨ ͳʹͲ ͺǤͷʹΨ ͳͳͷ ͺǤͳ͸Ψ ͵ʹ͹ ʹ͵ǤʹͳΨ Ed. Secundaria ͳͻͷ ͳ͵ǤͺͶΨ ͸ͻ ͶǤͻͲΨ ͷͺ ͶǤͳʹΨ ͳͺͻ ͳ͵ǤͶͳΨ Total ͷ͵ͳ ͵͹Ǥ͸ͺΨ ͳͺͻ ͳ͵ǤͶʹΨ ͳ͹͵ ͳʹǤʹͺΨ ͷͳ͸ ͵͸Ǥ͸ʹΨ   ïǡ   ±    ×         ×    ×   Ǥ ǡ ×             Ǥ   ï  ǡ         ͹ ï                  ×       ǡ    Óǡ ǡ   ǡǡ ǡ Ǥ   ǡ      Capítulo 3: La investigac ión empírica ʹͳͷ  ×Dz dzǤǡ                                        ǡ    filtro conc ello Ǥ  ±                    ǡ                               ×  ǣ   ͺ Ǥ Distribución de la poblac ión por ubicación geográfica (número de centros Ȍ A Coruña Lugo Ourense Pontevedr a             Educación Primari a ȋͳȌαͶͺ ȋʹȌαʹʹ ȋ͵Ȍα͵͵  233 ȋͶȌαʹͷ 95 ȋͷȌα͵͵  82 ȋ͸Ȍαʹͺ  ȋ͹ȌαͻͲ   209 103 25 33 118 Educación Secundaria ȋͳȌα͵͵  ȋʹȌαͳ͸  ȋ͵Ȍαʹ͵  123 ȋͶȌαͳ͹  52 ȋͷȌαʹͷ  33 ȋ͸ȌαͳͶ  ȋ͹Ȍα͸ͳ   114 72 17 25 75 Total ͳ͹ͷ ͵ͷ͸ Ͷʹ ͳͶ͹ ͷͺ ͳͳͷ ͳͻ͵ ͵ʹ͵ ȋͳȌα ÓǤȋʹȌα Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍα  ǤȋͶȌ α ǤȋͷȌ Ǥȋ͸Ȍα Ǥȋ͹Ȍα     ×            ǡ       À               ×     ×    ×      Ǥ       ͻǡ                                                                                     ǡ                 ×   Ǥ  ͻ Ǥ Distribución de la població n de estudio por ubicación geográfica (porce ntajes)  A Coruña Lugo Ourense Pontevedra             Educación Primari a ͹Ǥ͵ͳΨ ͳ͸ǤͷͶΨ ͳǤ͹͹Ψ ͸Ǥ͹ͶΨ ʹǤ͵ͶΨ ͷǤͺʹΨ ͺǤ͵͹Ψ ͳͶǤͺ͵Ψ Educación Secundaria ͷǤͳͳΨ ͺǤ͹͵Ψ ͳǤʹͳΨ ͵Ǥ͸ͻΨ ͳǤͷ͸Ψ ʹǤ͵ͶΨ ͷǤ͵ʹΨ ͺǤͲͻΨ Total ͳʹǤͶʹΨ ʹͷǤʹ͹Ψ ʹǤͻͺΨ ͳͲǤͶ͵Ψ ͶǤͳʹΨ ͺǤͳ͸Ψ ͳ͵Ǥ͹ͲΨ ʹʹǤͻʹΨ   L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ʹͳ͸      ×     ×    ǡ     ×  ǡ      ×     ×     ×       ×   ǡ                           ×                      Ǥ  ×ǡ    ×                     × ± Ǥ 3.2.3. S ele cción d e la mues tra     ×  ǡ            Ǥ  ×  muestreo aleatorio est ratificado ǡ        ×      Ǥ ǡ       ×     ȋȌǡ                              ±                    ȋǡʹͲͲͷȌǤ    Àǡ      × ǡ    ×                                              Ǥ          ǡ       ǡ    Ǥ    ǡ                ×    ǡ             Ǥ   ǡ ±   ×    ǡ                       ×Ǥ  ïǡ± ×  ǡ                                                                Ǥ   ǡ  ×      ×    ǡ       ×  ǣ  ͳǤ  ȋ  Ȍ ʹǤ  ȋÓǡ ǡǡ Ȍ  ͵Ǥ ×    ȋ  Ȍ Capítulo 3: La investigac ión empírica ʹͳ͹         ï     ×ǡ ǡ      ͳͶͲͻ      Ó    Ǥ                                            ×    ×                              ×        ǡ    ï          ǡ         ͷΨ        ͻͷΨ ȋǡͳͻͺͻȌǤ  ï     ͵Ͳ͵  muestra repr esentativa × Ǥ Muestreo aleatorio estrati ficado   ×                ×ǡ                               afijaci ón pr oporcion al ǡ     ï                                                                 Ó                      ×ǡ   ×            ï       ȋ ǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ   ǡ      ǡ      ×  ×     ǣ ¾ ¾       ×      nivel imparti do    ȋ  Ȍǡ                                Ǥ   ͵Ͳ͵     ǡ                   ±                   ǡ                ï    ǣ  x      ͳͶͲͻ   Ó  ǡ ͺͻͺ      ×          ǡ                                              ͵Ͳ͵ ǡ À  À   ͳͻ͵Ǥ ͳͳͳ    ×  Ǥ    ×ǡ À   ͳͻ͵   ×     Ǥ x      ͳͶͲͻ   Ó  ǡ ͷͳͳ      ×            ǡ                                              ͵Ͳ͵ ǡ À  ͳͲͻǤͺͺͻ    ×  Ǥ       ×ǡ ÀͳͳͲ  ×   Ǥ  x                 ȋͳͻ͵Ȍ ȋͳͳͲȌ  ȋ͵Ͳ͵ȌǤ L AURA T OJEIRO P ÉREZ ʹͳͺ  ͳͲ Ǥ Rep arto en el estrato nivel impartido en el centro  Población Muestra Centros de Educación Primaria ͺͻͺ ͳͻ͵ Centros de Educación Secundaria ͷͳͳ ͳͳͲ Total de centr os ͳͶͲͻ ͵Ͳ͵  ¾ ¾      ×     prov inc ia         ȋ Óǡ ǡ   ǡ  Ȍǡ             Ǥ͵Ͳ͵   ǡ      ±   ǡ  ×                    ǡ          ±                             ǡ                          Ǥ           × ǣ  ͳͳǤ Cálc ulo de la muestra en el estrato provincia A Coruña Lugo Ourense Pontevedr a Educación Primari a ʹ͵ǤͺͶΨ͵Ͳ͵α ͹ʹǤʹʹ ͺǤͷʹΨ͵Ͳ͵α ʹͷǤͺͳ ͺǤͳ͸Ψ͵Ͳ͵α ʹͶǤ͹ʹ ʹ͵ǤʹͳΨ͵Ͳ͵α ͹ͲǤ͵͵ Educación Secundaria ͳ͵ǤͺͶΨ͵Ͳ͵α ͶͳǤͻ͵ ͶǤͻͲΨ͵Ͳ͵α ͳͶǤͺͷ ͶǤͳʹΨ͵Ͳ͵α ͳʹǤͶͺ ͳ͵ǤͶͳΨ͵Ͳ͵α ͶͲǤ͸͵                                          ǡ               ×      ǡ À   ǣ  ͳʹǤ Reparto de la muestra en el estrato  provinc ia Muestra A Coru ña Lugo Ourense Pontevedra Educación Primari a ͳͻ͵ ͹ʹ ʹ͸ ʹͷ ͹Ͳ Educación Secundaria ͳͳͲ Ͷʹ ͳͷ ͳʹ Ͷͳ   ¾                             ×                        ubicación geográ fica    ȋ      Ȍǡ                  Ǥ  ͵Ͳ ͵     ǡ   Capítulo 3: La investigac ión empírica ʹͳͻ             ±                           ǡ    ×                         ǡ  ±          ǡ                     Ǥ                       × ǣ  ͳ͵Ǥ Cálculo de la muestra en el estrato  ubicac ión geográfica A Coruña Lugo     Primari a ͹Ǥ͵ͳΨ  ͵Ͳ͵ αʹ ʹǤͳͷ  ͳ͸ǤͷͶΨ  ͵Ͳ͵α ͷͲǤ ͳʹ ͳǤ͹͹Ψ͵Ͳ͵αͷǤ͵͸ ͸Ǥ͹ͶΨ͵Ͳ͵αʹͲǤͶʹ  Secundaria ͷǤͳͳΨ  ͵Ͳ͵ αͳ ͷǤͶͺ  ͺǤ͹͵Ψ  ͵Ͳ͵ αʹ ͸ǤͶͷ  ͳǤʹͳΨ ͵ Ͳ͵ α͵Ǥ͸͹  ͵Ǥ͸ͻΨ  ͵Ͳ͵ αͳ ͳǤͳͺ  Ourense Pontevedr a     Primari a ʹǤ͵ͶΨ ͵ Ͳ͵ α͹ǤͲͻ  ͷǤͺʹΨ  ͵Ͳ͵ αͳ ͹Ǥ͸Ͷ  ͺǤ͵͹Ψ  ͵Ͳ͵ αʹ ͷǡ͵͸  ͳͶǤͺ͵Ψ  ͵Ͳ͵α ͶͶǤͻͶ  Secundaria ͳǤͷ͸Ψ ͵ Ͳ͵ αͶǤ͹͵  ʹǤ͵ͶΨ ͵ Ͳ͵ α͹ǤͲͻ  ͷǤ͵ʹΨ  ͵Ͳ͵ αͳ ͸Ǥͳʹ  ͺǤͲͻΨ  ͵Ͳ͵ αʹͶǤ ͷͳ                             ǡ                             ǡ     × ǡÀ   ǣ  ͳͶǤ Reparto de la muestra en el estrato  ubicación ge ográfica A Coruña Lugo Ourense Pontevedr a              Prim. ʹʹ ͷͲ ͷ ʹͲ ͹ ͳͺ ʹͷ Ͷͷ Sec. ͳ͸ ʹ͹ Ͷ ͳͳ ͷ ͹ ͳ͸ ʹͷ Total ͵ͺ ͹͹ ͻ ͵ͳ ͳʹ ʹͷ Ͷͳ ͹Ͳ  Selección d e los ce ntro s educa tivos              ×                ǡ                  ×                     ǡ          ×     elección de los centros concr etos que co nfiguraría n la mues tra representativa ǡ         ×Ǥ      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