Competency Measurements Among Athletes

Abs ac —My esea ch ocuses on mesasu ing he a hle es’ skills inclouding he inju ed a hle es’ oo. P esen pape ocuses on mono ony, ole ance, pe o mance and he s a e anxie y in pe o mance si ua ions. I is impo an o examine hese beacuse o spo men he mos ou s anding a ea which causing anxie y si ua ions is he compe i ions pa icipa ion. Du ing my esea ch I would like o d aw a pa alell be ween spo men compe ence and hei pe o mance, wha encou ages and mo i e e hem o achie e success. P esen ly mo e han hund ed o housand o s uden s a e s uding in high e educa ion in di e en aining a eas. Popula ion pe o mance depends on he nex gene a ion’s bea ing capaci y, heal h, i ali y and li e-s yle. Spo and PE o become a s ong p og amme in highe educa ion main anace and shaping is essen ial. Keywo ds—spo , a hle e, compe encie Vienna Tes Sys em I. ATHLETIC SKILLS Nowadays, almos all kind o spo a e a ailable o all ages. I can be used o men al heal h p ese a ion, o p ese e ou li e quali y and in educa ion oo. I can be done as hobby o as employmen . Spo can be inco po a ed in o ou li e di ec ly o inde c ly. Spo is compulso y pa o ou li e-s yle which can inco po a e no jus a ely in o ou li e al hough i could inco po a e by ou daily ou ine. Nowadays we can mo e a ound as much and in such a way ha i becomes indispensable o ou heal h. We can achie e he o ganism balance by egula exe cise and spo s. Thus i can be said he egula exe cises can imp o e ou li ing s anda d and i is bene icial e ec on ou heal h. We can conlclude ha , spo is an essen ial pa o ou li e so we ha e o suppo ed i ’s de elopmen and e olu ion, because i could be an app op ia e ool which can elimina e he nega i e images om ou socie y. Fo physical o men al disabili ies mo ing ha e posi i e bene i s because i helps o hese people o poin a hei inhe en s eng h and maping on i so i can be used by ehabili a ion. Nex o imp o ing he heal h o people spo has a cul u al aim. This aim is o c ea e eupho ia and good quali y o li e. Spo has a social unc ion which has s ong po en ial in connec ion wi h o he coun ies (1). We can g ea ly eel on he p ice which we spend o heal h insu ance which come om he e elo ed o he lack o mo emen s (2). O cou se physical ac i i y is no conce ned only he heal hy people, i is conse ned o inju ed and mobili y- impai ed spo men oo. In case o adequa e and p o essional employmen he ole o spo s ac i i ies is la ing compa ed o he heal hy spo men wi h he inju ed ones. The „new- ime ’s pace o wo k is heigh ened and because o ha hei s ess ull li e was compensa ed by spo , ha i is p o ied di e en ype o ac i i y and ac i e elaxa ion (3). The concep o he compe ence added o he common knowledge abou one and a hal decade ago and i used o desc ibe he human ac ions. Al hough mo e o less he concep o compe ence was d waned ea ie bu we can no ound eal de ini ionin in special li e a u e which is w i e down i , conside ing e e y aspec o he concep . Since he e is no accep ed and conc e e de ini ion hey accep a de ini ion he mos widely om 1996 om J. Coolahan who was he ad ise o he Eu opian Council o many yea s. „Compe ence and compe encies should be ega ded as he gene al capabili y based on knowledge, expe ience, alues, disposi ions which a pe son has de eloped h ough engagemen wi h educa ional p ac ices”. The measu emen o he compe ence was used in gene al a ea such as in educa ion o human esou ces. In hese days he spo has become e y impo an , his is he eason why I decided ha I will ca y ou my esea ches among spo men. Pe o mance o spo men a e migh ily depends on hei physical and men al condi ion. The achie emen mo i a ion is shows up how he a hle e is ul il and ela ing in he ace condi ion and how hey eac in hese si ua ion ha is we cons uc ing an image abou he pe son who is illing he es how is he mo a ed by he ac ha o show and p o e his abili ies o he o he people ensu e ha he pe o ms his asks in he bes way and he makes i in a ha d way. F equen ly encoun ed his aising wha is can mo i a e and lead spo men o comply wi h he coach’s expec a ions o hei high expec a ions o a he claims which hey se o hei sel es. Many imes we can expe ience ha he s uden s a e no su icien ly mo i a ed. This could make a big p oblem because a hle es wo k well wi h hei coach because hey achie e hei success wi h his collabo a ion. A he same ime we need complex mo i a ion and imp o ing he pe o mance because e e y spo smen a e di e en . Be ween di e en a hle es can be di e en mo i a ion echnic which we use o c ea e measu able esul s du ing he join wo k. We know se e al ypes o compe ence. So we can make di e ences be ween cogni i e, pe sonal and social skills. Fo a hle es measu ing he pe sonal compe ences is e y impo an such as p oblem sol ing abili ies, p edominancy abili ies and he mo ing compe ence, COMPETENCY MEASUREMENTS AMONG ATHLETES Enikő KOVÁCS1, And ea MATKÓ2, 1Uni e si y o Deb ecen Facul y o Enginee ing, Deb ecen, Hunga y, ko [email protected] 2 Uni e si y o Deb ecen Facul y o Enginee ing, Deb ecen, Hunga y, [email p o ec ed]ideb.hu 1 ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2015, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 83 he e o e he manual skills, so mo o ing skills, co- o dina ion skills, balance capabili y and ission p ocess. II. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPORTS IN OUR LIVES Nowadays spo s a e a ailable o e e y age-g oupe. We can use i in men al heal h sa ing, in quali y o li e sa ing and in educa ion. . I can be done as hobby o as employmen . Spo can inco po a es in o ou li e di ec ly o inde c ly way. Spo is compulso y pa o ou li e-s yle which can inco po a e no jus a ely in o ou li e al hough i could inco po a e by ou daily ou ine. Nowadays we can mo e a ound as much and in such a way ha i becomes indispensable o ou heal h. The balance o ou o ganiza ion we can s eng hen by egula exe cise and spo s. Thus i can be said he egula exe cises can imp o e ou li ing s anda d and i is bene icial e ec on ou heal h. Acco ding o h Eu opean Spo Cha a "Spo " means all o ms o physical ac i i y which, h ough casual o o ganised pa icipa ion, aim a exp essing o imp o ing physical i ness and men al well-being, o ming social ela ionships o ob aining esul s in compe i ion a all le els.” I ou socie y is in a good shape we a e jus in his case able o wo k p ope ly. We can conlclude, spo is an essen ial pa o ou li e so we ha e o suppo s i ’s de elopmen and e olu ion, because i could be he app op ia e ins umen which can elimina e he nega i e images in ou socie y. Fo physical o men al disabili ies mo ing ha e posi i e bene i s because i helps o hese people o poin a hei inhe en s eng h and maping on i so i can be used by ehabili a ion. Nex o imp o ing he heal h o people spo has a cul u al aim. This aim is c ea e eupho ia and good quali y o li e. Spo has a social unc ion which has s ong po en ial in connec ion wi h o he coun ies (4). In socie y, educa ion and media we a e pu on g ea emphasis o he heal hy li es yle, spo y ex e io and o he impo ance o he heal hy conscious li es yle al hough he numbe o people who egula ly do spo s a e inc ease lowe . This sea ching which was made by HÖOK in e e ence o s uden s i is shows eally good ha : hal o he suden s was done spo s in high school, jus he 37 pe cen o he s uden s doing spo s when hey s a ed hei uni e si y s udies (5). PE is being los g ound om he uni e si y cu icullum. S uden s who wan s o do p o essional spo s hey do no ha e any chance o do i in he uni e si y o hey can no ha monize i wi h hei s udy obliga ions (6). Fo his he e is a good sample om he USA whe e he spo has pa amoun impo ance colo space o he academic li e. The main aim o he ins i u ions o sponso he di e en ype o mo ing nex o ans e ing he di e en knowledges (7). Physical aining is no obbliga o y so he spo ’s posi ion is changed o a he we can se o wi h o he ac i i ies. Fo uni e si ies accoun abili y and he me hod o pe o mance can be di e en so o he and o he s uden s ha e di e en liabili ies. The s a emen om he public educa ion which was said by esea che s ha is ue in highe educa ion also si hence he o mula ed educa ional ma e ials in PE a e no c ossing he s uden s’ and he Eu opian Union’s needs which key compe ences was join ly o mula ed by hem. The de ici in mo emen was o ma ed by he consequences o his and we can eel i widely in he money wha we spend o heal h insu ance (8). The mo emen ma e ial o he physical educa ion he meaning o he new scien i ic esea ches’ lines a e he mos use ul educa ional ac i i ies, so we ha e o de elop oge he he mo ing and cogni i e de elopmen complexes because by means o his he ising gene a ion can sol ing mo e and mo e agains equi emen s which was se up o hem (9). O cou se physical ac i i y is no conce ned only he heal hy people, i is conse ned o inju ed and mobili y- impai ed spo men also. In case o adequa e and p o essional employmen he ole o he spo s ac i i ies is la ing compa ed o he heal hy spo men wi h he inju ed spo men. III. EQUIPMENT OF RESEARCH The e is a ques ion which was a iesd wi hin us, his ques ion is wha a e we capable o and how we wo h o he labou ma ke . Vienna Tes Sys em helps us in hese ques ion. This is a ma ke leade psychologi measu ing es sys em which was implemen ed by he aus ian Schuh ied. He has been dealing wi h compu e psichome y, ainings and ehablyli a ions since 1947. Inno a i eness and lexibili y o he Vienna Tes Sys em is i ing o he se e e quali y equi emen s in all o e he wo ld o a he is can gi es da as which was no gi en by he pape -and-pencil- based es s. Wo k-eligibili y and psychological e alua ion-sys em which was based on compu e sys em is abel o measu e physical and men al manpowe . We can use he es sys em in easy way and we can pe sonalize i o he pe son who was es ing by us. In e e y es he e is a pa c icing phase whe e he candida e can knows e e y in o ma ion which nesseca y o illing he es , hanks o his he pe son knows he es du ing he measu ing. A u he ad an age may be men ioned ha so by he adap i e es ing we can adjus he di icul y o he ask o he answe s o he candida e so i he pe son does no pe o m well and i he ind he asks e y di icul y han his es ing sys em is end gene a ing he s ess si ua ion, because o ha unc ion he es abel o gi e us ele an and accu a e esul s o he pe son. Vienna Tes Sys em’s epo s a e inclouding he esul s in nume ical, g a ical and a ew pages o ex . Mo e ad an ages o he es s is ha i gi es us objeci e 1 ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2015, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 84 esul s, a ing doesn’ depends on subjeci e imp essions and in case o a la ge nube o candida e we can ended he selec ion p ocess quickly because he esul o he wo k psychology measu emen we can ge immedia ely a e he es . Wi h Vienna Tes Sys em you a e abel o measu e a nube o compe ences whe he i ’s p oblem sol ing (logical skills, planning), esul -o ien a ion o se ing o objec i es (aspi a ion le el, pe o mance mo i a ion, con idence, op imism, ambi ion). Mo eo e i is abel o measu e he decision- making skills (decision making abili y, decision-maing s yle, compe ence) and he indi idual’s le el o asse i eness (communica ion ac i i y), he coope a ion skills, suppo ing communica ion, emamwo k, empa hy and how hey ocused on he p oblem (in us a ion si ua ion). Mapping hose compe encies a e e y impo an in nume ous wo k because o ha we ha e o measu e again he candida e’s s eng h and we ha e o measu e wha ype o spo s ha a hle es a e doing. Vienna Tes Sys em is allow o measu e dimensions wha we can no measu e wi h pape -and- pencil-based es s. This sys em gi es us help in di e en le els. We can ind se e al es s in one sys em, which gi es us in o ma ions abou he candida e’s cogni i e abili ies and poin ing on his s eng h and weakness which connec ing o his pe sonali y so i is lashing on ha si ua ions whe e spo men can pe o m well o less well. We can e iew he es s’ esul s immedia ely, exacl y and easy we can expo hem o di e en s a is ics p ocessing o example we can ep esen ing he measu ed esul s in Mic oso Excel cha s. We can ound he he esul s o he candida es in a da abase so we can compa e he new measu es’ esul s wi h he ea lie cogni i e p oduc . The s anda dized es eco ding is ully exclude he subjec i e ac o s which depends on he pe son who conduc s he es s. Du ing we use adap i e es s he di icul y o he ask ( o example in elligency es s) is aligned wi h he le el o he candida e’s answe ’s esul s so we can ge mo e eliable esul s om he abili ies o he candida e. The lexible no m choice was gi en o us so we can choose di e en no m g oupe om he Vienna Tes Sys em and we ha e a choice o compa e he candida es’ esul s o example candida es in he same sex and age o we can compa e spo men who do di e en s spo s o we can compa e spo men who ha e he same inju ies. The loca ion o he compe ence measu emen is will be he Uni e si y o Deb ecen Facul y o Enginee ing in he labo a o y o managemen . In he lab he e will be a suspension sys em which will helps o me in my esea ch in he ehabili a ion o he inju ed and no inju ed a hle es and he e also will be happened hei e-en o ce. The suspension sys em gi es us a e olu iona y new oppo uni y in he a e o ehabili a ion. Among o he hings in eli e a hle es p epa ing we can sol ing mo ion p oblems and we can imp o ing he muscles. I is speeds up muscles de elopmen , s abilizing join s and he muscles’ main anance, s eng hene du ing handling inju ies. Wi h his sys em we can implemen ing a d illing g ound in 3D equally in spo and kines he apy Fig. 1 Rehabili a ion suspension sys em Applica ion a eas: a e musculoskele al inju y, a e su ge y, ehabili a ion a e b ain haemo hage on o he inju ies, back pain, in case o e eb al disk inju ies o de achmen o de eloping wi h special exe cises he eli e a hle es’ abili ies. No only he measu emen o he compe ence happening in labo a o y bu also he suspension sys em’s de elpomen o make he eco e y o he spo mens as e and e ec i e. IV. PLANNED RESEARCH The pe o mance o he a hle ic is e y complex and b oad he m which is incloud se e al cohe es componen s. Such as en i onmen al s imuli, o ganiza ional condi ions, compe i ions pa icipa ion and achie ed esul s. E e y a hle es we e mo i a ed by some hing o be be e and be e in a championship o du ing p epa a ion. The e is a de ini ion o e mo i a ion which acco ding o gi es eneg y o he spo men, di ec ing he beha iou and keeps on he s anding o achie e he ami ion. I would like o analysing se e al compe ence wi h Vienna Tes Sys em among hel hy and inju ed a hle es. He eina e I would like o show you he compe ences which axamina ion shall co e . Si ua ional Pe sonali y In en o y (IPS), du ing his es we ha e o assassed beha io s and expe iences which is ypically ound in ou e e yday li e. Th ee b oad a eas a e a ec ed: social and communica ion beha io and he beha io which e e ible wi h pe o mance, heal h and egene a ion. In his way spo men mainly in e ms o inju ed spo men’s ehabili a ion ime we can es ima e ha how much ime hey can be eco e y. Pe iphe al pe cep ion es (PP), he good isual cogni ion is necessa y du ing se e al ac i i y – such as ca d i ing- whe e people wo k wi h machines. A d i e is ge he 90% o he p ocessable in o ma ions h ough isual chanels. The d i ing isual aspec s o i e a u e, he pe iphe ial isual pe cep ion o en h ee 1 ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2015, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 85 heme ela ed: speed es ima ion, ehicle ea men (phe iphe ial displacemen o he objec in he oadway, he mo o examina ion en i onmen ( objec s and e en s de ec ion). Bu no jus d i e s can be scanned, i is also possible o u ilize a hle es because du ing a compe i ion hey need la ge-scale concen a ion, hey needs a en ion o pa ne s o wha spo does he playing o example in ball games one pass o he games among socce playe s. Two hand coo dina ion (2HAND), Jung (1976) was made a de ini ion o sensomo o s skills like a senso inpu (s imuli) and a coo dina ion be ween he mo o ic answe . A e Wel o d (1969)we can say ha e e y senso mo o acciden he e is a cogni i e aspec also. This es is abel o es ing izoumo o s (hand- eyes, eyes-hand) coo dina ions. This examines wo aspec o he abili ies: seizomo o is coo dina ions be ween eyes and hands as well as he coo dina ion o he igh and he le hands. An impo an in o ma ion is ha he pe son who illing he es how can con ol his mo emen . Mo i a ional ne es (MMG) is capable o es ing h ee mo i e – social demand, powe equi emen and con ol demand. Du ing he es illing images a e displayed which a e display scene ios which ac i a e he examined mo i s, nex o images om qes ionna ies he e a e a e iew o well-known s a emen in he o m o displyed answe s. On he images he ess ille alwasy see mo e playe s, he has o choose one o hem whome he can iden i y wi h and acco ding o his „play” he has o decide ha can he alid o judge o no .. The es does no allow o e en a s a emen is skipped. The es is 18 images and co esponding claims include. The i s pic u e is a wa m up phase and hese answe s a e no accessed by he sys em. The pe o mance mo i a ion showing up he a i ude o he pe o ming and compe i i e si ua ions so we can ge an idea abou he es ille ’s how is he mo i a ed o shows o himsel o o he and p o e his abili ies and makes his asks in he bes way and do i loyal way. So his es is conside o he des ina ion in compe i i e si ua ions om a hle e’s pe spec i e. How is he pe se e, how mo i a ed o achie e he ami ions. Mo eo e we ge a clea image abou he a hle e powe needs and abou his social needs. I can measu e how much he a hle e can wo k ogeh e wi h o he membe s o he eam and i shows his powe needs. V. CONCLUSION Spo is playing an impo an ole in popula ion’s eupho ia and e olu ion o posi i e men al and physical s anding. To achie e a heal hy li es ye and heal he e is a g ea need o ge o know ou sel , unco e ing ou men al and physical needs and knowing hese in o ma ions and e ec i e applica ions os hese. Any o he a hle es’ damage a e he bes and as es ehabili a ion has science backg ound which includes basic esea ch o ensu e mo e expe ise. This posibili y b ing a huge de elopmen in spo medicine and biomechanic also. The suspension sys em is ensu ed by se e al possibili ies o inju ed a hle es ehabili a ion, hey can p o ide ull eco e y o e and abo e i is s eng hen he muscle s uc u e o he ac i e spo men. In addi ion he e is a majo ole in he ehabili a ion o inju ed a hle es’ men al p epa a ion also. The e a e se e al ex e nal and in e nal e ec s which hi he inju ed a hle s. Explo a ion o hese e ec s is essen ial because we should explo e which ex e nal s imuli a e a ec o ou pe o mance and wha is in luence ou mo i a ion abili ies he eby how a es s he measu ed compe ences o ou capaci y du ing he ehabili a ion and ou achie ed esul s in a compe i ion. REFERENCES [1] The ci iziens o he Eu opean Union and spo 2004;EUROBAROMETER,2004W.-K. Chen, Linea Ne wo ks and Sys ems (Book s yle). Belmon , CA: Wadswo h, 1993, pp. 123–135. [2] Polányi 1998) /Polányi G.: A spo olás és es mozgás á sadalmi össze üggései. In: Szí ós P.–Tó h I. Gy. (sze k.): Tá sadalmi ény-kép. Tá ki, Budapes , 1998, 45–52.. [3] Bi óné Nagy E. (Sze k.) (2004): Spo pedagógia. Kéziköny a es ne elés és spo pedagógiai ké déseinek anulmányozásához. Dialóg Campus, Budapes [4] The ci iziens o he Eu opean Union and spo 2004;EUROBAROMETER,2004W.-K. Chen, Linea Ne wo ks and Sys ems (Book s yle). Belmon , CA: Wadswo h, 1993, pp. 123–135. [5] Pogá sa Zs. (2012): A elsőok a ási hallga ók spo olási szokásai és az egye emi, őiskolai spo al kapcsola os a i űdjei. Kézi a [6] Bács Z. (2011): A magya spo működési sze keze ének lehe séges szegmense: a elsőok a ási spo sze eze ek. In: Magya spo udományi szemle, 12/3. pp. 21-23. [7] Leopold, J. (2008): Ve seny o na az ame ikai egye emeken. In: Magya Spo udományi Szemle. 9/4. pp. 48-49. [8] Polányi 1998) /Polányi G.: A spo olás és es mozgás á sadalmi össze üggései. In: Szí ós P.–Tó h I. Gy. (sze k.): Tá sadalmi ény-kép. Tá ki, Budapes , 1998, 45–52. /Y. [9] Vass Z.–Molná P.: Be egség kezelése agy megel zés, a agy a mozgás e l dés szenzi í szakaszainak kulcs on ossága a p e encióban. In: K is ó T.–Tó h .-né: I. Magya ( ubileumi) ö őku a ási Kon e encia kon e enciakö e . A isz o- elész S údium B ., Budapes , 2006. 196–2000 1 ANNALS OF THE ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle o Managemen and Technological Enginee ing ISSUE #1, MAY 2015, h p://www.im uo adea. o/auo. m e/ 86