Volunteers in organizing sport events: foreign experience analysis

208 VOLUNTEERS IN ORGANIZING SPORT EVENTS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS Da ia Timoshenko *Na alia Shisho a Russian S a e Uni e si y o Physical Educa ion, Spo and Tou ism Humani ies Ins i u e Si ene y boule a d, 4, 105 122, Moscow, Russia imoshenkoda [email protected] *Russian S a e Uni e si y o Physical Educa ion, Spo and Tou ism Humani ies Ins i u e Si ene ii boule a d, 4, 105 122, Moscow, Russia Abs ac The mos signi ican wo king con ibu ion o majo e en s in spo s is p o ided by a e y la ge numbe o olun ee s who unde ake asks ac oss he ange o oppo uni ies a o ded by such e en s. This s udy seeks o iden i y he e iden gaps ha exis in unde s anding a eas such as wha olun ee s do a spo e en s; wha mo i a es hem; how and whe e o ec ui he olun ee s; should olun ee s be ewa ded somehow o a job well done? As o he esul s and main indings, di e en ypes o ec ui men sys ems, he accommoda ion and assignmen s ha depend on he le el o spo e en ha e been de ined. I ’s necessa y o men ion ha he ole o olun ee s has conside ably inc eased. Besides, Eu opean olun ee expe ience migh be adop ed a o ganizing Sochi Olympic Games in 2014. In oduc ion Spo can be desc ibed as one o he bigges social mo emen s in he wo ld. In many coun ies he o ganiza ion o spo e en s elies on he dedica ion o housands o olun ee s. Numbe s o olun ee s be ween 40,000 and 60,000 ha e been no ed o some ecen majo e en s. Besides olun ee spo clubs and associa ions, hey p o ide a la ge pa o he oppo uni ies o EU ci izens o p ac ice spo . The e o e, hey make an impo an con ibu ion o p omo ion o physical ac i i y as a pa o a heal hy li e-s yle. Being a olun ee is a g ea ad en u e in one’s li e. I allows gaining expe ience in many a eas, mee ing new people, ealizing how e en s look like om he backg ound. I is also a g ea occasion o check skills (language, o ganizing) and a cha ac e , and o lea n some hing new om mo e expe ienced colleagues. The aim o ou esea ch is o analyze and o compa e he ole and signi icance o olun ee s in o ganizing spo e en s. The s udy includes he Olympic ec ui ing expe ience and s uden olun ee p og ams ha exis all o e he EU coun ies. Me hods: examina ion o scien i ic publica ions (published wo ks), con en analysis o In e ne web-si es, and compa a i e analysis o in e na ional, na ional and egional olun ee p og ams. 1 Roles o olun ee s Volun ee s play an inc edible ole in s aging mos p es igious spo e en s. Volun ee s a e gi en he oppo uni y o aise hei compe encies and skills in o ganizing spo e en s, gain new expe ience in di e en ields, hey will be use ul o he o ganizing commi ee, and hey exchange knowledge and lea n abou he cul u e o he coun y, make new iends all o e he wo ld and much mo e. Di e se asks and assignmen s a e p oposed o olun ee s: acc edi a ion and welcoming, p epa a ion o daily 209 bulle in and he documen a ion o he e en , pho o a chi e, ee ime p og amme, spo p og amme and compe i ion, logis ics. I is e y impo an o gi e people oppo uni y o aise hei skills, abili ies and o use hei po en ial and expe ience. Today we could say ha wi hou his olun ee wo k o ce, he e en s simply would no happen. 2 In e na ional olun ee p og ammes Volun ee s a e he ounda ion o nea ly e e y success ul nonp o i o ganiza ion and compe i ion o ganizing commi ee. S aging mega spo e en s, such as Olympic and Pa alympic Games, Wo ld and Eu opean Championships is always accompanied by housands o local and in e na ional olun ee s. Ano he in e es ing expe ience is o ganizing s uden spo championships headed by FISU and EUSA. As o na ional and local p og ams, i is un by na ional spo associa ions and unions.(Это я не понимаю, что такое – бег или организация и проведение?) 2.1 Volun ee p og amme o London-2012 The olun ee p og am will be coming home o he ci y whe e i all began. The OC o London-2012 conside s olun ee s as “Games Make s”. The e a e wo ypes o Games Make oles; specialis s in a eas such as medical se ices, spo o p ess ope a ions and gene alis s, wi h oles anging om spec a o assis an s, uni o m dis ibu o s and icke checke s. F om Janua y 2011 he o ganise s will s a in i ing success ul applican s o a selec ion e en . Selec ion e en s will be applican s' i s as e o he exci emen su ounding he Games. The e en s will be held in London, Glasgow, Newcas le, Manches e , Co en y, Ca di , Bel as and Weymou h. A e hese selec ion e en s, he o ganizing commi ee will o e applican s oles. And hey will ecei e an o icial uni o m o wea du ing he shi s, which hey can keep a e he Games as a sou eni ; also hey can ge ee meal ouche s. Bu he membe s o OC a e going o ec ui olun ee s om ac oss he UK, and a e unable o p o ide accommoda ion o “Games Make s”, and will no eimbu se a el cos s o selec ion e en s, aining o es e en s. 2.2 EUSA olun ee p og amme Volun ee s a e s eng h o he uni e si y spo – said one o he pa icipan s o IX FISU Fo um, which ook place in C acow in 2008. S uden spo o ganiza ions and hei wo k wi h olun ee s a e also needed o be men ioned. The olun ee p og amme was ini ia ed by he EUSA S uden Commission. 2-3 olun ee s om all o e Eu ope ge he chance o join o ganize s o each Eu opean Uni e si ies championship and help du ing he ou namen . The hos ing o ganiza ion o each Eu opean Uni e si ies championship (EUC) co e ed accommoda ion cos s du ing he o ganizing pe iod, ood and anspo a ion o he spo . The a elling cos s o he EUC ha e o be paid by he s uden o his/he ins i u ion. Ac i e s uden s om all o e he Eu ope can apply o he place in his p og am. Minimum wo o eign candida es will be accep ed pe e en , o he olun ee s a e om he coun y ha s ages he championship. 2.3 Na ional olun ee p og amme Uni e si y Spo Associa ion o Poland (AZS) pe cei es a huge s eng h o olun ee ing, and i has e ec s o he u u e o one’s ca ee . Spo s eams, a ilia ed wi h AZS, a e nume ous in op Polish leagues in such spo s as olleyball and baske ball. Tha is why AZS c ea ed a da a base o olun ee s om Poland helping hem in pa icipa ion in spo e en s. The po al s a ed in he middle o May 2010, is a pla o m o communica ion be ween o ganize s who p epa e spo e en s and people who a e keen o wo k as olun ee s. The Polish spo au ho i ies hope “www.wolon a ia .azs.pl” o become a place o help many people in de eloping hei pe sonali y, ga he ing expe iences and un o ge able memo ies. 210 3 Rec ui men o olun ee s The p e-e en planning phase s a s wi h he hi ing o ec ui men o a olun ee Coo dina o . This pe son needs o possess a a ie y o skills and pe sonali y ai s, and e en ually o se le o less will esul in an ine ec i e p og am, o subs i u e a coo dina o who qui s. The ec ui ing p ocess migh also include: olun ee egis a ion o m; an es ablished in o ma ion bank/da abase and a ge ma ke s o ec ui ing, i.e., people, g oups, businesses, e c. The i s s ep in his campaign consis s in making an announcemen – h ough he websi e o ede a ion, o spo e en and local spo o ganiza ions, which pa icipa e in s aging his e en . Fo example, LOCOG has jus s a ed he bigges pos -wa olun ee ec ui men campaign in he UK’s his o y; hey ha e announced plans o ec ui up o 70,000 olun ee s o he London Games. The second s ep is he iling and egis a ion o an applica ion o m. Gene ally i con ains some backg ound ques ions (educa ion, expe ience and skills), he e o e he e a e some open ques ions – like explaining you mo i a ion and desc ibing you expec a ions; and ques ions abou asks which u u e assis an wan s o assis and help du ing he e en . The hi d is he con i ma ion o an applica ion o m. Ano he example, his yea young people and s uden s ha e been chosen by o ganize s o Eu opean Championships, as compa ed wi h p e ious yea s when he s uden commission chose he olun ee s. Tab. 1 Compa ison o in e na ional olun ee p og ammes Fea u es o olun ee p og ammes VP Olympic Games 2012 (London, Uni ed Kingdom) VP EUC 2010 Badmin on, (Nancy, F ance) VP o AZS 2010 FISU Canoe Sp in (Poznan, Poland) Numbe o olun ee s ha is needed du ing he spo e en abou 70,000 abou 50 abou 30 Ta ge ma ke s o ec ui ing, i.e., people, g oups, businesses, e c. Volun ee s come om a di e se ange o communi ies and backg ounds. The o ganize s alue disabili y, gende , e hnici y, eligion and belie o sexual o ien a ion. Volun ee s gene ally a e young people and s uden s, who a e keen on badmin on. Mos ly s uden s and young people who a e in e es ed in spo and o ganizing spo e en s. Age o olun ee s Many o oles will equi e olun ee s o be 18 o o e by 1 Janua y 2012. Also he o ganise s will un eil ou Young Games Make p og amme o unde 18 yea s old in summe 2011. The e a e no se e e limi s, bu he o ganise s mos ly a ac people who a e o e 16 yea s old. Volun ee s mus be o e 16 yea s old. Pa icipa ion o in e na ional olun ee s Only UK and EU ci izens o esiden s and people who sa is y he UK immig a ion ules. 2 o 3 in e na ional olun ee s. I depends on he o ganize s possibili ies. Communica ion skills Fluen English is compulso y condi ion. Volun ee s speak a leas h ee Eu opean languages. Fluen English; one Eu opean language in addi ion is be e . And Russian is always welcome. 211 The place whe e olun ee s need o be and he a el cos s co e ing The enues a e mos ly loca ed in he hos ci y o London (UK), hough some o he e en s equi e acili ies loca ed elsewhe e. Nancy, F ance. The a elling cos s o he EUC ha e o be paid by olun ee o his/he ins i u ion Poznan, Poland. The a elling cos s o he championship ha e o be paid by olun ee . Accommoda ion co e ing The accommoda ion won’ be p o ided o olun ee s. The hos ing o ganisa ion co e s accommoda ion cos s du ing he o ganizing pe iod, ood and anspo a ion on he spo . The pe iod o olun ee p og amme and he spo e en Need o olun ee o a minimum o 10 days a ei he he Olympic Games o he Pa alympic Games; o o a minimum o 20 days i somebody wan s o olun ee a bo h. Volun ee should a i e 2 days be o e he s a o compe i ions and depa 2 o 3 days a e he compe i ions. In o al i comes o abou 10 days. The ou namen is held o 3 weekend days, he o ganise s kindly ask olun ee s o come ea lie and o s ay longe o help wi h eams a i als and depa u es. The olun ee aining The olun ee a ends a minimum o h ee aining sessions be o e he Games (a minimum o 15 hou s sp ead o e h ee days) The olun ee s come o special mee ing which is held he week be o e he ou namen . They ecei e a p elimina y planning o asks and esponsibili ies. The mee ing o olun ee s is o ganised in he i s day o a i al, hey ge impo an in o ma ion and planning. Roles and asks o olun ee s The e a e 31 eams (also known as unc ional a eas, o FAs) who need Games Make s and we ha e di ided hem in o 10 depa men s: om Comme cial sales and B and p o ec ion o T anspo . Volun ee s could help in acc edi a ion and welcoming, p epa a ion o he daily bulle in and documen a ion, making a pho o a chi e, o ganising ee ime p og amme, spo p og am, compe i ion a ea, logis ics e c. Mos olun ee s a e eams-a aché, hey accompany na ional eams, he es akes up logis ics, making daily magazine and helping a compe i ion a ea. Se ices/bene i s/p a king/uni o ms ha a e a ailable du ing he spo e en Games Make s will be en i led o a el on public anspo in London (zones 1-6) o ee in o de o ge o hei shi s du ing he Olympic and Pa alympic Games. Also hey will ecei e an o icial uni o m o wea . The olun ee s will ecei e an o icial uni o m o wea : 5 di e en colou -shi s o each day o compe i ion. Besides o ganise s will co e anspo cos s a he place and ake ca e o some cul u al p og amme. The olun ee s will ecei e an o icial uni o m o wea , and o cou se, o ganise s will co e anspo cos s a he place and ake ca e o some cul u al p og amme such as a ee guided ou in he down- own o Poznan. 212 The ec ui ing p ocess: applica ion The o ganising commi ee s a s so ing h ough he applica ion o ms in Decembe and will in i e success ul applican s o a end a selec ion e en in 2011. The e a e wo ways o ec ui ing up olun ee s: h ough he web-si e o EUSA (in e na ional applican s) and h ough he web-si e o he e en (local applican s). AZS c ea ed a da a base o olun ee s om Poland helping hem in pa icipa ion in spo e en s. This po al is a pla o m o communica ion be ween o ganize s and applican s. The ec ui ing p ocess: assignmen and o e Following he selec ion e en s, he o ganise s will decide which applican s can be o e ed a ole. In addi ion, be o e making any o e , hey mus un backg ound and secu i y checks. Applican s will only be eligible o ecei e an o e i hey pass hese checks. Applican s could ill hei p o iles hough he web-si e o EUSA om he end o Feb ua y un il he end o May. Then he o ganising commi ee decides who hey a e going o in i e o each pa icula e en . A e he nomina ion an applican will ge an o icial in i a ion o pa icipa e in he olun ee p og amme. People who a e keen o wo k as a olun ee ill ou o ms on his po al, hey choose he compe i ion in which hey would like o pa icipa e. Then he o ganise s acco ding o hei special needs will chose u u e olun ee s and send hem an o icial con i ma ion and in i a ion. Conclusion As o he esul s and main indings, di e en ypes o ec ui men sys ems, he accommoda ion and assignmen s ha depend on he le el o spo e en ha e been de ined. I ’s necessa y o men ion ha he ole o olun ee s has conside ably inc eased. The o ganizing commi ee mus ha e a clea ly de ined s a s uc u e and lines o communica ion. Volun ee s mus know whom hey epo o, especially in an eme gency si ua ion. I i is he o ganizing o a la ge e en ha equi es many olun ee s o e a pe iod o a ew days, hen a olun ee handbook becomes almos a necessi y. I would include in o ma ion abou he e en i sel , enue in o ma ion wi h a diag am showing key loca ions, a enue e acua ion plan, e en schedules, anspo a ion schedules and key con ac phone numbe s. As o olun ee aining, i should be p o ided in ad ance o he e en , especially a ew days p io . An o ien a ion does no only p o ide impo an in o ma ion o hem bu i gi es he o ganizing commi ee leade ship he oppo uni y o mo i a e hem and o explain he impo ance o hei suppo . All o he basic in o ma ion, uni o ms, pa king passes and job desc ip ions can be dis ibu ed in his o ien a ion. Es ablishing an e ec i e communica ions sys em should be a p io i y i o ganize s plan o u ilize his g oup o olun ee s again. Using emails is ce ainly he mos economical means nowadays, bu a di ec mailed newsle e is jus as e ec i e. Rega ding he conclusions we eached in he cou se o he esea ch, i a gues ha he e is a lack o ex ensi e esea ch ha akes in o conside a ion he wide ange o hemes and issues ha pe ain o olun ee ing in he spo s e en s con ex . Besides, Eu opean olun ee expe ience migh be adop ed a o ganizing Sochi Olympic Games in 2014. 213 Li e a u e [1] BAUM, T.G. and LOCKSTON, L. (2007) Volun ee s and mega spo ing e en : de eloping a esea ch amewo k. In e na ional Jou nal o E en Managemen Resea ch, 3 (1). pp. 29-41. EUSA Volun ee p og am [online]. 2010. Re ie ed om WWW:< h p://s c.eusa.eu/en/p ojec s_in o> [2] HANSON B. Volun ee s: A Key Ing edien o a Success ul E en [online], USA, San An onio Spo s, 2010. Re ie ed om WWW: <h p://spo scommissions. ypepad.com/nasc/2010/10/ olun ee s-a-key-ing edien - o - a-success ul-e en .h ml> [3] S udy on Volun ee ing in he Eu opean Union: Final Repo [online]. Educa ional, Audi isual & Cul u e Execu i e Agency (EAC-EA), Di ec ion Gene al Educa ion and Cul u e (DG EAC), 2010. Re ie ed om WWW: <h p://ec.eu opa.eu/ci izenship/news/news1015_en.h m> [4] S uden Volun ee s in Poland [online], 2010, Re ie ed om WWW: <h p://www.eusa.eu/en/news&showNews=NEWSIEAXSV531201023245&sso=done> [5] Volun ee s a e Game Make s [online], 2010, Re ie ed om WWW: <h p://www.london2012.com/ge -in ol ed/ olun ee /index.php> [6] Volun ee wo k and spo [online], 2006. Re ie ed om WWW: < h p://www.eu ac i .com/en/spo s/ olun ee -wo k-spo /a icle-129580 > ___________________________________________________________________________ Da ia Timoshenko, p o . Na alia Shisho a, PhD. 214 DOBROVOLNÍCI V ORGANIZOVÁNÍ SPORTOVNÍCH AKCÍ: ANALÝZA ZKUŠENOSTÍ Z CIZINY Na ýznamných spo o ních událos ech je nej ě ší čás p áce od edena ši okou skupinou dob o olníků, k eří p o ádějí celé spek um činnos í p o ázejících ako é událos i. Ta o s udie se snaží de ino a doposud nep ozkoumané oblas i ýkající se činnos i dob o olníků při spo o ních událos ech. Co je mo i uje, jak a kde je najíma , měli by bý nějak odměněni za dobře od edenou p áci? Výsledky a hla ní zá ě y ýzkumu zah nují ůzné ypy nábo u, uby o ání a úkolů zá islos i na d uhu spo o ní událos i. Je nu no doda , že ole dob o olníků nabý á na důleži os i. Zkušenos i e opských dob o olníků mohou bý aké yuži y při pořádání olympijských he Soči oce 2014. FREIWILLIGE BEI DER ORGANISATION VON SPORTVERANSTALTUNGEN – ANALYSE VON FREMDERFAHRUNGEN Bei bedeu enden Spo e eignissen wi d de g öß e Teil de A bei on F eiwilligen bewäl ig , die das ganze Spek um de Tä igkei en, die solche E eignisse beglei en, übe nehmen. Die S udie bemüh sich, die bis je z nich un e such en Be eiche de Tä igkei en, welche die F eiwilligen bei Spo e eignissen be e en, zu de inie en. Was mo i ie sie, wie und wo we den sie angewo ben und soll en sie ü gu ausge üh e A bei en lohn we den? Die E gebnisse und Haup schluss olge ungen de Un e suchung um assen e schiedene A en de Anwe bung, de Un e kun und de Au gaben, abhängig on de A des Spo e eignisses. Des Wei e en is es nö ig zu sagen, dass die F eiwilligen imme wich ige we den. Die E ah ungen de eu opäischen F eiwilligen können auch ü die O ganisa ion de Olympischen Spiele 2014 in So schi e wende we den. WOLONTARIUSZE W ORGANIZACJI IMPREZ SPORTOWYCH: ANALIZA DOŚWIADCZEŃ ZAGRANICZNYCH Najba dziej znaczacy wkład w o ganizację wielu ważnych wyda zeń spo owych zapewniana duża liczb wolon a iuszy, k ó zy podejmują się zadań spoś ód wachla za możliwości dos a czanych p zez e wyda zenia. To badanie s a a się odnaleźć ewiden ne luki is niejace w obsza ach wiedzy o ym co obią wolon a iusze na spo owych wyda zeniach; co ich mo ywuje; jak i gdzie ek u owac wolon a iuszy; czy wolon a iusz powinien zos ać nag odzony za dob ze wykonana p acę ? Jako główne wnioski, zos ały wyod ębnione óżne ypy sys emów ek u acyjnego, zakwa e owanie o az zadania k ó e zależą od poziomu wyda zenia spo owego. Koniecznie wa o wspomnieć, iż ola wolon a iuszy znacznie wz osła. Co więcej, eu opejskie doświadczenie wolon a iuszy moze być yko zys ane podczas o ganizowania Sochi Olympic Games w 2014.