Measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

This is a sel -a chi ed e sion o an o iginal a icle. This e sion may di e om he o iginal in pagina ion and ypog aphic de ails. Au ho (s): Ti le: Yea : Ve sion: Copy igh : Righ s: Righ s u l: Please ci e he o iginal e sion: CC BY 4.0 h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/ Measu emen o elec ons om beau y-had on decays in pp and Pb-Pb collisions a √sNN = 5.02 TeV © 2023 CERN Published e sion ALICE Collabo a ion ALICE Collabo a ion. (2023). Measu emen o elec ons om beau y-had on decays in pp and Pb-Pb collisions a √sNN = 5.02 TeV. Physical Re iew C, 108, A icle 034906. h ps://doi.o g/10.1103/PhysRe C.108.034906 2023 PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) Measu emen o elec ons om beau y-had on decays in pp and Pb-Pb collisions a √sNN =5.02 TeV S. Acha ya e al.∗ (ALICE Collabo a ion) (Recei ed 16 Decembe 2022; accep ed 25 July 2023; published 15 Sep embe 2023) The p oduc ion o elec ons om beau y-had on decays was measu ed a mid apidi y in p o on-p o on (pp) and cen al Pb-Pb collisions a cen e -o -mass ene gy pe nucleon-nucleon pai √sNN =5.02 TeV, using he ALICE de ec o a he LHC. The c oss sec ion measu ed in pp collisions in he ans e se momen um in e al 2<pT<8 GeV/cwas compa ed wi h models based on pe u ba i e quan um ch omodynamics calcula ions. The yield in he 10% mos cen al Pb-Pb collisions, measu ed in he in e al 2 <pT<26 GeV/c, was used o compu e he nuclea modi ica ion ac o RAA, ex apola ing he pp e e ence c oss sec ion o pTla ge han 8 GeV/c. The measu ed RAA shows signi ican supp ession o he yield o elec ons om beau y-had on decays a high pTand does no show a signi ican dependence abo e 8 GeV/cwi hin unce ain ies. The esul s a e de- sc ibed by se e al heo e ical models based on di e en implemen a ions o he in e ac ion o hea y qua ks wi h a qua k-gluon plasma, which p edic a smalle ene gy loss o beau y qua ks compa ed o ligh and cha m qua ks. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRe C.108.034906 I. INTRODUCTION The o ma ion o a s ongly coupled colo -decon ined medium, called qua k-gluon plasma (QGP), is p edic ed by quan um ch omodynamics (QCD) calcula ions on he la ice a high ene gy densi y and empe a u e [1–5]. These ex eme condi ions can be c ea ed in ul a ela i is ic hea y-ion col- lisions, which we e used o es ablish he o ma ion o he QGP and o s udy i s p ope ies [6,7] a he SPS [8,9], RHIC [10–13], and LHC [14,15] accele a o s. Hea y qua ks (cha m and beau y) a e p edominan ly p o- duced in he ini ial ha d-sca e ing p ocesses [16], gi en ha hei mass is la ge compa ed o he he mal ene gy scale (mc,bkBTQGP, whe e kBis he Bol zmann cons an and TQGP is he empe a u e o he QGP) and on a imescale sho e han he QGP o ma ion ime [17](τQGP ≈1 m/c [18]). Thei mass is also la ge compa ed o he QCD scale QCD, allowing pe u ba i e calcula ions o hei p oduc ion c oss sec ion o be applicable down o ze o ans e se mo- men um (pT)[19–22]. Gi en he ea ly p oduc ion o hea y qua ks du ing he collision, hey expe ience all he s ages o he sys em e olu ion [17,23]. They in e ac wi h he medium cons i uen s ia bo h elas ic (collisional) and inelas ic (gluon adia ion) p ocesses [24–29], whe e he ela i e con ibu ion o he la e inc eases wi h pT. As he hea y qua ks om he ea ly collision a ely annihila e o ge p oduced he mally ∗Full au ho lis gi en a he end o he a icle. Published by he Ame ican Physical Socie y unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional license. Fu he dis ibu ion o his wo k mus main ain a ibu ion o he au ho (s) and he published a icle’s i le, jou nal ci a ion, and DOI. [17,30,31], he e ec o he in e ac ions wi h he medium is p ima ily a change in he momen um dis ibu ion o he qua ks. Qua ks mo ing as e han he su ounding medium a e ypically slowed down by he in e ac ions ( esul ing in in- medium ene gy loss), while slow qua ks may ge accele a ed and pushed along wi h he su ounding medium. Measu ing he e ec o hese in e ac ions yields insigh s in o he anspo p ope ies o he QGP [17]. The in e ac ion o pa ons wi h he medium is expec ed o depend on he colo cha ge and he mass o he pa on [25–27,32], wi h a s onge in e ac ion o gluons compa ed o qua ks and o ligh e qua ks compa ed o hea ie ones o bo h collisional and adia i e p ocesses. The mass dependence o he adia i e con ibu ion is connec ed o he dead-cone e ec [25,33], which p edic s gluon adia ion o be supp essed o angles θ⩽m/E, whe e mand Ea e he mass and ene gy o he qua k. The measu emen o had on species wi h di e en qua k con en s o e a la ge pT ange is he e o e undamen al o shed ligh on he unde lying mecha- nisms o he in-medium qua k ene gy loss. Measu emen s o had ons con aining beau y qua ks (beau y had ons) a e pa - icula ly use ul o es ing he mass dependence o he pa on ene gy loss up o high ans e se momen a. The e ec o he medium is usually quan i ied using he nu- clea modi ica ion ac o RAA, de ined as he a io be ween he pT-di e en ial pa icle yields in nucleus-nucleus (A-A) col- lisions (dNAA/dpT) and he co esponding p oduc ion c oss sec ion in pp collisions (dσpp/dpT) a he same ene gy scaled by he a e age nuclea o e lap unc ion TAA o he cen ali y ange unde s udy [34,35] RAA =1 TAA dNAA/dpT dσpp/dpT .(1) The p oduc ion c oss sec ion o beau y had ons and hei decay p oduc s in had onic collisions has been measu ed a 2469-9985/2023/108(3)/034906(24) 034906-1 ©2023 CERN, o he ALICE Collabo a ion S. ACHARYA e al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) di e en ene gies a RHIC [36,37], Te a on (pp)[38], and a he LHC [15,39–54]. These measu emen s a e desc ibed by pe u ba i e quan um ch omodynamics (pQCD) calcula- ions such as ixed o de plus nex - o-leading-log (FONLL) [19–21] and gene al-mass a iable la o -numbe scheme (GM-VFNS) [22] wi hin unce ain ies. The in e ac ion o hea y qua ks wi h he medium can be s udied ia he measu emen o cha m had ons, which can be econs uc ed using hei exclusi e had onic decays. Measu emen s in Pb-Pb collisions show a signi ican change in hei momen um dis ibu ion wi h espec o pp collision da a [55–57]. Toge he wi h measu emen s o he low co- e icien s [58–62], his can p o ide signi ican cons ain s o models o he anspo p ope ies o he QGP medium [15,23,55,63]. To in es iga e he qua k-mass dependence o he in e ac ion, measu emen s in he beau y sec o a e needed as well. Due o he small c oss sec ion o beau y-had on p oduc ion and hei la ge numbe o decay channels, he ull econs uc ion o beau y had ons is di icul in hea y-ion collisions. While i is possible o econs uc beau y had ons, as o example in he B±measu emen h ough he decay channel B±→J/ψ +K±→μ+μ−+K±[41,45,48,64,65] wi haBRo (6.12 ±0.19) ×10−5[66], he small b anching a ios make such measu emen s challenging. Complemen- a y in o ma ion can be gained using inclusi e measu emen s o beau y-had on decay p oduc s such as nonp omp J/ψ [47,67,68], nonp omp Dmesons [52,69–71], o h ough lep- ons o igina ing om semilep onic decays o hea y- la o had ons [72–76]. The nuclea modi ica ion ac o o lep ons om beau y-had on decays has been measu ed by he ALICE collabo a ion o semielec onic decays in Pb-Pb collisions a √sNN =2.76 TeV [72] and o semimuonic decays a √sNN =5.02 TeV wi h pT>4GeV/c[77], while he ellip ic low coe icien has been measu ed a √sNN =5.02 TeV by he ALICE [78] and ATLAS [79] collabo a ions. The mea- su emen o lep ons om hea y- la o decays can p o ide in o ma ion abou a la ge ange o had on and hea y-qua k momen a, which can help o gain an unde s anding abou he in e play o he collisional and adia i e p ocesses. In his a icle, he ALICE measu emen s o he pT- di e en ial c oss sec ion o elec ons om beau y-had on decays in pp collisions a √s=5.02 TeV, he pT-di e en ial yield in he 10% mos cen al Pb-Pb collisions a √sNN = 5.02 TeV, and he co esponding nuclea modi ica ion ac o a mid apidi y a e p esen ed. The esul s a e discussed oge he wi h a compa ison o heo e ical models. II. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND DATA SAMPLES The ALICE appa a us consis s o a cen al ba el co e ing he pseudo apidi y egion |η|<0.9 and a muon spec ome e wi h −4<η<−2.5 co e age. I also con ains o wa d- and backwa d-pseudo apidi y de ec o s employed o igge ing, backg ound ejec ion, and e en cha ac e iza ion. The nomi- nal magne ic ield, pa allel o he beam axis and p o ided by he solenoid magne in which he cen al ba el de ec o s a e placed, is 0.5 T. A comple e desc ip ion o he de ec o and an o e iew o i s pe o mance a e p esen ed in Re s. [80,81]. The cen al-ba el de ec o s used in he analyses p esen ed in his a icle o cha ged-pa icle econs uc ion and elec on iden i ica ion a mid apidi y a e he inne acking sys em (ITS) [82], he ime p ojec ion chambe (TPC) [83], he ime-o - ligh (TOF) [84] de ec o , and he elec omagne ic calo ime e (EMCal) [85]. The ITS consis s o six laye s o silicon de ec o s, wi h he inne mos wo composed o silicon pixel de ec o s (SPD), wo in e media e laye s o silicon d i de ec o s, and he wo ou e mos laye s made o double-sided silicon s ip de ec o s. The ITS is used o econs uc he p ima y e ex and o acking cha ged pa icles, he la e in combina ion wi h he TPC. The SPD c ucially also p o ides e y good spa ial esolu ion down o low ans e se momen- um, impo an equi emen o he analyses p esen ed in his pape . The TPC is he main acking de ec o o he cen al ba el. In addi ion, i allows o pa icle iden i ica ion ia he measu emen o he pa icle speci ic ene gy loss (dE/dx)in he de ec o gas. Addi ional in o ma ion o pa icle iden i- ica ion is p o ided by he TOF [84], ia he measu emen o he cha ged-pa icle ligh ime om he in e ac ion poin o he de ec o . The e en collision ime is de e mined using he TOF i sel o he wo T0 a ays [86], made o qua z Che enko coun e s and co e ing he accep ance 4.6<η< 4.9 and −3.3<η<−3.0. The EMCal de ec o [85,87]isa shashlik- ype lead and scin illa o sampling elec omagne ic calo ime e [88] ha co e s an accep ance o |η|<0.7in pseudo apidi y and ϕ =107◦in azimu h. The smalles seg- men a ion o he EMCal is a owe , which has a dimension o 6 ×6cm2(0.0143 ×0.0143 ad2)in heη×φdi ec ion. The EMCal is used o elec on iden i ica ion as well as o igge ing on a e e en s wi h high momen um pa icles in i s accep ance. Two scin illa o a ays (V0) [89], placed on each side o he in e ac ion poin (wi h pseudo apidi y co e age 2.8<η< 5.1 and −3.7<η<−1.7), a e used o de ine a minimum- bias igge , o ejec o line beam-induced backg ound e en s, and o e en cha ac e iza ion. The V0 de ec o s along wi h he wo T0 a ays a e employed o measu e he c oss sec- ion co esponding o he minimum-bias igge condi ion [90]. The ze o deg ee calo ime e s [91] loca ed a 112.5 m on bo h sides o he in e ac ion poin a e used o ejec elec o- magne ic in e ac ions and beam-induced backg ound in Pb-Pb collisions. The hea y-ion collisions we e di ided in o di e en cen- ali y classes using he signal o he V0 de ec o s [92,93]. The cen ali y e e s o he pe cen ile o he had onic c oss sec ion co e ed, wi h lowe alues co esponding o mo e cen al e en s. The esul s p esen ed in his pape we e ob ained using da a eco ded by ALICE du ing he LHC Run 2 da a- aking pe iod in 2017 o pp collisions a cen e -o -mass ene gy √s=5.02 TeV and in 2015 o Pb-Pb collisions a cen e -o - mass ene gy pe nucleon-nucleon collision √sNN =5.02 TeV. To ob ain a uni o m accep ance o he de ec o s, only e en s wi h a econs uc ed p ima y e ex posi ion along he beam line loca ed wi hin ±10 cm om he cen e o he de ec o we e conside ed o bo h pp and Pb-Pb collisions. Addi ion- ally, e en s we e selec ed a e s anda d quali y checks on he pe o mance o he de ec o s used in he analyses. The 034906-2 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRONS FROM BEAUTY-HADRON … PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) analysis in pp collisions was pe o med using he minimum bias (MB) igge , which equi es coinciden signals in bo h scin illa o a ays o he V0 de ec o . In Pb-Pb collisions, he analysis using TPC and TOF de ec o s was based on a MB igge ed sample, while he TPC-EMCal analysis employed he MB and a high-ene gy e en igge based on he ene gy deposi ed in he EMCal. The EMCal igge (EG) is based on he sum o ene gy in a sliding window o 4 ×4 owe s abo e a gi en h eshold, whe e he equi ed ene gy h eshold o he Pb-Pb da a sample was 10 GeV abo e he backg ound ene gy om he unde lying e en . The backg ound om he unde lying e en was ob ained using he median o 16 ×16 owe pa ches in he opposi e side calo ime e e e ed o as DCAL. The analyzed numbe o MB e en s is 930 ×106 in pp collisions co esponding o an in eg a ed luminosi y o Lin =18.2±0.4nb −1[94], and 6.7×106and 4.8×106 e en s o he 10% mos cen al Pb-Pb collisions o he TPC– TOF and TPC–EMCal analysis, co esponding o in eg a ed luminosi ies o Lin =8.9±0.2µb −1and 6.2±0.1µb −1[92], espec i ely. The numbe o analyzed EMCal igge ed e en s is 57 ×104in he 10% mos cen al Pb-Pb collisions, co e- sponding o an in eg a ed luminosi y o 45.6±3.6µb−1. III. ANALYSIS OVERVIEW Th oughou his pape , he e m “elec on” is used o indica ing bo h elec ons and posi ons. In he momen um ange pT⩾2GeV/cconside ed in hese analyses, mos o he elec ons p oduced nea he in e ac ion e ex a mid apidi y come om he decays o hea y- la o had ons [95]. They can be p oduced di ec ly o as pa o he decay chain. O he p ocesses p oducing elec ons ha cons i u e a backg ound in he measu emen o elec ons om hea y la o decays a e Dali z and dielec on decays o ligh mesons (π0,η,ρ,ω, η,φ), pho on con e sions in he de ec o ma e ial, decays o had ons con aining s ange qua ks, decays o p omp qua ko- nia, and decays o ec o bosons. Fo hese, he decay chains o hea ie pa icles may also con ain ligh e elec on sou ces (e.g., K0 S→π0π0). Gene ally, such con ibu ions a e mo e signi ican a low pT. The measu emen s o elec ons om beau y-had on de- cays can be b oadly spli in o ou s eps: (i) ack selec ion, (ii) elec on iden i ica ion, (iii) signal ex ac ion o es ima e he ac ion o elec ons o igina ing om beau y-had on de- cays, and (i ) a co ec ion o selec ion e iciencies and geome ical accep ance. Good quali y acks we e selec ed using he c i e ia de- ailed in Sec. III A. The elec on iden i ica ion (eID) was pe o med in wo di e en ways depending on he pa icle pT. A low pT(2 <pT<8GeV/c)inpp and Pb-Pb collisions, he eID was based on he combina ion o signals o he TPC and TOF de ec o s. In Pb-Pb collisions, a second analysis was pe o med in he in e al 3 <pT<26 GeV/cexploi ing he combined eID in o ma ion om TPC and EMCal. The TPC- EMCal analysis was pe o med using MB igge ed e en s o he pTin e al 3 <pT<12 GeV/cand using EMCal igge ed e en s o 12 <pT<26 GeV/c o p o i om he subs an ially la ge in eg a ed luminosi y sampled wi h his igge in a momen um in e al in which he EG igge selec- ion is ully e icien . Fo he inal esul s, he yields ob ained om TPC-EMCal analysis we e used o pT>8GeV/c, whe eas he o e lapping egion o 3 <pT<8GeV/cwas used o check he consis ency be ween he TPC–TOF and TPC–EMCal measu emen s. This choice was mo i a ed by he p ecision o he measu emen based on s a is ical and sys- ema ic unce ain ies, as will be u he discussed in Sec. IV. The signal o elec ons om beau y-had on decays was sepa a ed om he o he backg ound elec on sou ces ia an analysis o he ack impac pa ame e (d0) dis ibu ion, ex- ploi ing he compa a i ely longe li e ime o beau y had ons (cτ≈500 µm [96]) wi h espec o o he elec on sou ces. The d0is de ined as he dis ance o closes app oach o he elec on ack o he econs uc ed in e ac ion e ex in a plane pe pendicula o he beam di ec ion. I has a posi i e o nega- i e sign depending on whe he he ack passes on he le o igh o he p ima y e ex. This alue was mul iplied by he sign o he cha ge o he ack and by he sign (di ec ion) o he magne ic ield along he zaxis. The signal was ex ac ed h ough a Mon e Ca lo (MC) empla e i o he d0dis ibu ion, using ou empla es in he case o he TPC-TOF analysis and wo empla es in he TPC-EMCal analysis as desc ibed in Secs. III C and III D, espec i ely. A. T ack selec ion and elec on iden i ica ion The ack selec ion has wo main goals: assu ing high- quali y acks and educing he con ibu ion o backg ound elec ons. In pa icula , equi ing hi s in de ec o s close o he in e ac ion poin emo es pa o he con ibu ion o elec ons om pho on con e sions ha occu in he de ec o ma e ial. Fo he analyses based on TPC-TOF, all acks we e equi ed o ha e an associa ed hi in each o he wo inne mos laye s o he ITS. In he high- ack-densi y en i onmen o a cen al Pb-Pb collision, i is howe e possible o a ack p oduced a a la ge adius by a pho on con e sion o be associa ed wi h he hi s o ano he pa icle in he inne laye s. These a e e e ed o as misassocia ed con e sion elec ons. To educe his con ibu ion, acks we e equi ed o ha e a mos one hi in he ITS which is sha ed wi h ano he ack. Fo he TPC-EMCal analysis, he acks we e equi ed o ha e a leas one hi in one o he wo inne mos laye s o he ITS. This educes he impac o he inac i e channels in he i s ITS laye in he accep ance window o he EMCal. The TPC ack quali y is ensu ed by se e al selec ions on he clus e s associa ed o he ack, epo ed in Table I.In pa icula , he acks a e equi ed o ha e a minimum o al numbe o clus e s and a minimum ac ion o ound clus e s ela i e o he expec ed maximum conside ing he ack po- si ion in he de ec o geome y ( ound/ indable). Addi ional equi emen s on he numbe o c ossed pad ows a e applied as in Re . [97]. The esul ing esolu ion o he impac pa ame e o he selec ed acks wi h pT>2 GeV/c is be e han 60 µm o he pp measu emen , 50 µm o he TPC-EMCal analysis in Pb-Pb, and 40 µm o TPC-TOF in Pb-Pb. The comple e lis o selec ion c i e ia can be ound in Table Iand is simila o ea lie analyses [95]. 034906-3 S. ACHARYA e al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) TABLE I. Selec ion c i e ia o elec on candida es. pp Pb-Pb Pb-Pb TPC-TOF TPC-TOF TPC-EMCal Rapidi y |y|<0.8|y|<0.8|y|<0.6 DCAz<2cm <2cm <1cm TPC clus e s o acking – ⩾100 ⩾80 TPC c ossed ows o acking ⩾70 – ⩾70 TPC clus e s o dE/dx ⩾80 ⩾80 – ound/ indable clus e s – >0.6– c ossed ows/ indable clus e s >0.8– >0.8 max. χ2pe clus e in TPC 4 4 4 max. χ2pe clus e in ITS 36 5 36 numbe o ITS clus e s ⩾4⩾4⩾3 numbe o SPD hi s 2 2 1 o 2 numbe o sha ed ITS clus e s – a mos 1 – ITS and TPC e i yes yes yes Rejec kink daugh e s yes yes yes TPC-EMCal ma ching – – |η|<0.05,|ϕ|<0.05 TPC eID signal −1<nTPC σ,e<3−0.16 <nTPC σ,e<3−1<nTPC σ,e<3 TOF eID signal |nTOF σ,e|<3|nTOF σ,e|<3– EMCal Ecal/p––0.8<Ecal/p<1.2 EMCal showe shape – – 0.01 <σ 2 sho <0.35 Fo elec on iden i ica ion wi h he TPC (TOF), he measu ed signal was compa ed o he expec ed signal o elec ons. The selec ion was pe o med on he a iables nTPC σ,e(nTOF σ,e), de ined as he de ia ion o he signal om he expec a ion o an elec on in uni s o he expec ed esolu ion. Fo he EMCal, he main a iable used o sepa a ing elec ons om had ons was Ecal/p: he deposi ed ene gy (Ecal)in he calo ime e di ided by he econs uc ed pa icle momen um (p), oge he wi h in o ma ion abou he shape o he elec- omagne ic showe . The showe shape is cha ac e ized by he eigen alues o he dispe sion ma ix o he showe shape ellipse de ined by he ene gy dis ibu ion wi hin he EMCal clus e [87,98,99]. In his analysis, i was chosen o equi e he sho axis o he ellipse, σ2 sho [100], wi hin he ange 0.01 <σ 2 sho <0.35, o educe he had on con amina ion. The lowe h eshold o σ2 sho was chosen o educe he con am- ina ion caused by neu ons hi ing he eadou elec onics. All he eID selec ion c i e ia can be ound in Table I.The low bu ini e emaining had on con amina ion was explici ly es ima ed and sub ac ed in he me hod employing TPC and EMCal. I was conside ed as pa o he impac pa ame e i in he measu emen s based on TPC and TOF as discussed in Sec. III E 1. B. Impac pa ame e dis ibu ions o he di e en elec on sou ces The elec on candida es o igina e om di e en sou ces, as desc ibed in Sec. III. As pa o he sepa a ion is based on he ack impac pa ame e , i is use ul o conside he di e en shapes o he impac pa ame e dis ibu ions. Elec- ons om beau y-had on decays ha e a pa icula ly wide impac pa ame e dis ibu ion due o he la ge decay leng h o he had ons (cτ≈500 µm [96]). Fo he elec ons om cha m-had on decays his dis ibu ion is somewha na owe (40 <cτ<300 µm [96]) hough s ill wide compa ed o many o he o he backg ound con ibu ions. Ligh mesons like neu al pions can decay o elec ons di ec ly ia h ee-body Dali z decays, accoun ing o a signi ican po ion o he ligh meson backg ound. As hese decays, simila o hose o qua konia and ec o bosons, essen ially occu a he in- e ac ion e ex, hei impac pa ame e dis ibu ion is na ow and is de e mined by he econs uc ed ack esolu ion. Ligh mesons can also p oduce elec ons ia decays o pho ons ha con e in he de ec o ma e ial. Elec ons o igina ing om pho on con e sions ha e a e y small angle wi h espec o he pho on di ec ion. Howe e , due o he magne ic ield, he ack acqui es a sizable a e age impac pa ame e when i is p opaga ed back o he p ima y e ex wi h opposi e sign o posi ons and elec ons. Mul iplying he impac pa ame e wi h he sign o he ack cha ge and magne ic ield o ien a ion makes he dis ibu ion asymme ic, making i easie o dis in- guish i om he o he sou ces. Mos o he elec ons om pho on con e sions a la ge adii a e emo ed by he equi e- men o signals in he inne ITS laye s. The ew emaining misassocia ed con e sion elec ons ha e a e y wide impac pa ame e dis ibu ion. Mos o he had ons le in he sample a e elec on iden i ica ion a e p oduced nea he in e ac ion e ex. Thus, hei impac pa ame e dis ibu ion is simila o ha o he Dali z decay elec ons. The elec ons om Dali z decays and he pho ons con e - ing in he de ec o ma e ial mos ly come om he decays o ligh - la o pa icles, and a e p oduced in elec on–posi on pai s wi h low in a ian mass. Toge he , he elec ons om hese wo sou ces a e e e ed o as “pho onic elec ons.” The analyses p esen ed he e ex ac he beau y and cha m con ibu ions wi h a i o he inclusi e ack impac pa am- e e dis ibu ion using empla es based on e en and de ec o simula ions. The app oaches using TPC and TOF de ec o s also include he con e sion elec ons and emaining sou ces as 034906-4 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRONS FROM BEAUTY-HADRON … PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) empla es and will be e e ed o as he ou - empla e me hod. The pho onic elec on con ibu ion, which dec eases wi h pT, can be sub ac ed be o e i ing he d0dis ibu ions u ilizing a echnique based on elec on–posi on pai s wi h low in a ian mass. This app oach, e e ed o as he wo- empla e me hod, was used in he analysis wi h he pa icle iden i ica ion based on he TPC and EMCal de ec o s. These me hods will be discussed in mo e de ail in he ollowing sec ions. One e ec o he sub ac ion o he pho onic elec ons is ha i also sub ac s a con ibu ion om ligh mesons p oduced in he decays o beau y had ons. The ou - empla e me hod, ins ead, includes all elec ons p oduced in he decay chains o beau y had ons. This was es ima ed o induce a di e ence be ween he esul s o he wo analysis echniques, which is o he o de o 2% in he measu ed pT ange and dec eases wi h pT. The i empla es, as well as he es ima ion o he acking and pa o he eID e iciencies, a e based on MC simula ions. The PYTHIA 6.425 e en gene a o wi h Pe ugia 2011 une [101] was used o simula e ppe en s, HIJING 1.36 [102] o Pb-Pb e en s, while GEANT3 [103] was used o p opaga e he gene a ed pa icles h ough he ALICE appa a us. The condi ions o all he ALICE de ec o s du ing he da a aking, we e aken in o accoun in he simula ions. Simula ed e en s we e en iched wi h addi ional elec ons om beau y- and cha m-had on decays as well as decays o π0and ηmesons o imp o e he s a is ical p ecision o he signal and he main backg ound sou ces. Any de ia ion be ween he MC em- pla es and he da a was co ec ed whene e possible and any unce ain y in he co ec ion was p opaga ed o he sys ema ic unce ain ies o he measu emen . Co ec ions we e applied o he ans e se impac pa ame e esolu ion, he momen um dis ibu ion o he cha m and beau y had ons, and he ela i e ac ions o he di e en cha m-had on species (which im- pac s on he d0 empla es because o he signi ican ly di e en decay leng hs o D0,D+,D+ s,+ c). Due o he ee ampli udes o he con ibu ions in he i , only e ec s on he shape o he impac pa ame e dis ibu ions a e ele an , no he o- al numbe o en ies in he empla es. E ec s o including elec ons om s ange-had on decays, he dependence o he con e sion elec on dis ibu ion on he de ec o occupancy, and he ela i e con ibu ion o he had on con amina ion we e conside ed as sys ema ic unce ain ies. These a e discussed in mo e de ail in Sec. III E. C. Ex ac ion o elec ons om beau y-had on decays using he ou - empla e me hod In his app oach, ou impac pa ame e empla es o he co esponding elec on sou ces discussed in he p e ious sec- ion a e cons uc ed based on MC simula ions and a e i ed o he measu ed inclusi e elec on dis ibu ion using a maxi- mum likelihood i app oach. The empla e co esponding o con ibu ions ha a e om nei he beau y, cha m, no pho on con e sions will be e e ed o as he Dali z empla e. This p ocedu e was applied in he pTin e al 2 <pT<8GeV/c wi h an elec on iden i ica ion based on he signals o he TOF and TPC de ec o s. The signal ex ac ion is based on he me hod o i ing ini e-s a is ics empla es p oposed in Re . [104] and was al- eady used in p e ious ALICE analyses [72]. The basic idea is o include he luc ua ions in he empla es by in oducing he expec a ion alues Aji o he empla es o sou ce jin bin ias ee pa ame e s in addi ion o he o e all ampli udes. The con- ibu ions om he sou ces a e hen es ima ed om he o e all maximum likelihood assuming Poissonian luc ua ions. Co ec ions o he ac ions o he di e en cha m-had on species and o he momen um dis ibu ions o he cha m and beau y had ons we e included ia weigh s o he di e en en ies in he impac pa ame e his og ams. P o i ing om he ee ampli ude pa ame e s, all scaling unc ions can be changed by an o e all mul iplica i e ac o . This was used o keep he weigh s o alues close o uni y o no dis up he Poisson s a is ics assumed in he maximum likelihood i . Fo elec ons om beau y- and cha m-had on decays, he unce - ain ies om s a is ical luc ua ions in he empla es a e much lowe han hose on he measu ed dis ibu ion (by a ound a ac o o 3). Examples o he esul ing i oge he wi h he scaled empla e dis ibu ions in pp and Pb-Pb collisions a e shown in Fig. 1. The a io o he da a o he i , is also shown o demons a e he quali y o he i , which is a ound 1 in he ull d0 ange conside ed o he i . Due o he la ge decay leng h, he con ibu ion om beau y-had on decays is mos p ominen a la ge absolu e impac pa ame e alues and his egion hus cons ains he magni ude o he beau y con ibu ion he mos . The s a is ical unce ain y o he i was de e mined by i - ually epea ing he measu emen using independen samples c ea ed om he empla es based on measu ed con ibu ions as inpu as in Re . [72]. In addi ion o he dis inc elec on sou ces, he e is also a con ibu ion om he emaining had on con amina ion. As hese had ons mos ly o igina e nea he in e ac ion e ex, he con ibu ion is abso bed in o he i o he Dali z decay elec on con ibu ion. The sligh di e ence in he a e age impac pa ame e and i s esolu ion be ween da a and he simula ions used o c ea e he empla es was es ima ed ia he measu emen o cha ged had on acks and co ec ed o . The emaining esolu ion di - e ence is <4% and was conside ed as a pa o he sys ema ic unce ain ies. Elec ons om he decay o hea y- la o had ons wi hin a pa icula pTin e al can o igina e om di e en had on species (e.g., D0,D+,D+ s,+ c o cha m had ons and B0, B+,B0 s,0 B o beau y had ons, as well as hei an ipa icles) wi h di e en li e imes and also wi h a wide ange o possible momen a. Thus, he impac pa ame e dis ibu ions depend on he momen um dis ibu ions and ela i e abundances o cha m and beau y had ons. In pa icula , he cha m had ons ha e signi ican ly di e en li e imes. To co ec o his e ec , elec ons om cha m-had on decays we e weigh ed by he species and momen a o hei mo he s acco ding o he mea- su ed D0momen um dis ibu ions and he measu ed + c/D0 [105,106], D+/D0[55,107], and D+ s/D0[57,107] yield a ios, o ob ain he MC empla es. Fo beau y, he weigh s o he pT-dis ibu ions o he beau y had ons we e es ima ed ac- co ding o FONLL calcula ions o he pTdis ibu ions using an addi ional co ec ion o he nuclea modi ica ion ac o based on he TAMU model [108] in he Pb-Pb analysis. As all beau y had ons ha e a simila decay leng h and hus he 034906-5 S. ACHARYA e al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) FIG. 1. Examples o he impac pa ame e i s wi h he ou - empla e i app oach used in he TPC–TOF analyses. The le panel shows a i wi h empla es o he ou classes o elec on sou ces in pp collisions a √s=5.02 TeV in he lowes pTin e al and he igh panel shows a i example in Pb-Pb collisions a √sNN =5.02 TeV in he highes pT ange. co esponding decay elec ons a e expec ed o ha e simila impac pa ame e dis ibu ions, no speci ic co ec ion was made o he ela i e con ibu ions o he di e en beau y had ons. The numbe o measu ed pa icles was hen aken om he in eg al o he scaled i empla es a e pe o ming he i ing p ocedu e. I was hen co ec ed o he accep ance o he ALICE de ec o (εgeo) and he e iciency o he elec on econs uc ion (ε eco) and iden i ica ion (εeID) and no malized o he numbe o e en s acco ding o Eq. (2). A ac o o 1 2is included o gi e he a e age o elec ons and posi ons, d2N dpTdy =1 2 1 ypT 1 Ne en s N aw εgeo ×ε eco ×εeID .(2) The e iciency o he ack-quali y and TOF eID selec- ions was es ima ed om MC simula ions. Fo he TPC eID e iciency, a da a-d i en echnique which is based on a i o he nTPC σ,edis ibu ion a e TOF eID, was used o all momen- um in e als. The elec on peak was i ed using a Gaussian dis ibu ion. The esul ing mean was a ound −0.16 o all momen um in e als in Pb-Pb collisions. A selec ion o nTPC σ,e om −0.16 o 3 was applied, esul ing in a cons an TPC eID e iciency o abou 50%. The small co ec ion o he ini e ans e se momen um esolu ion was done ia a bin-by-bin co ec ion compa ing gene a ed and measu ed momen a in he simula ions. D. Ex ac ion o elec ons om beau y-had on decays using he wo- empla e me hod In he second p ocedu e, he con ibu ions om had ons and pho onic elec ons a e sub ac ed om he d0dis ibu- ion h ough da a-d i en me hods simila o he ones used in Re . [109]. The con ibu ions o elec ons om cha m- and beau y-had on decays a e hen de e mined by i ing he d0 dis ibu ion wi h wo empla es, one o cha m and one o beau y sou ces, ob ained om MC simula ions. This me hod was used in he Pb-Pb analysis using eID based on he TPC and EMCal de ec o s in he pT ange om 3 o 26 GeV/c.The inclusi e elec on sample was ob ained by selec ing acks and by applying elec on iden i ica ion c i e ia in he TPC and he EMCal using nTPC σ,e,Ecal/p, and σ2 sho , as lis ed in Table I. 1. Da a-d i en backg ound sub ac ion The had on con amina ion was es ima ed by selec ing had on acks wi h nTPC σ,e<−4. The Ecal/pdis ibu ion o hese pa icles was hen scaled o ma ch he elec on-candida e Ecal/pdis ibu ion in an in e al ha a ies wi h pTinside he ange 0.2<Ecal/p<0.6. This had on Ecal/pno maliza ion ange shi s wi h inc easing pT o accoun o he shi o he had on signal owa ds Ecal/p=1 wi h inc easing mo- men um. The elec on- and had on-con amina ion yields we e ob ained by in eg a ing he Ecal/pdis ibu ions o elec on candida es and he scaled had on one in 0.8<Ecal/p<1.2. The had on con amina ion is negligible a low pT, and in- c eases o a ound 20% a pT=26 GeV/c. The had on d0 dis ibu ion, ob ained by selec ing pa icles wi h nTPC σ,e<−4, was also scaled o ma ch his es ima ed had on con amina ion. I was hen sub ac ed om he inclusi e elec on d0dis ibu- ion (dNInclE/dd0). A e he sub ac ion o he had on con amina ion, he con ibu ion o pho onic elec ons was es ima ed. Pho onic elec ons a e p oduced in elec on-posi on pai s wi h low in a ian mass, peaking close o ze o. Thus, hey can be iden i ied using an in a ian mass analysis o elec on pai s. In he in a ian mass analysis echnique [110,111], elec on- posi on pai s a e de ined by pai ing he selec ed elec ons 034906-6 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRONS FROM BEAUTY-HADRON … PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) FIG. 2. Example o he impac pa ame e dis ibu ions used in he TPC–EMCal analysis in 0–10% Pb-Pb collisions a √sNN =5.02 TeV. The had on con amina ion ( ed), pho onic elec on (pu ple), and inclusi e elec on (black) d0dis ibu ions a e shown in he le panel. The igh panel shows an example o a i wi h he wo empla e app oach. wi h opposi e-cha ge elec on pa ne s o o m unlike-sign (ULS) pai s and calcula ing hei in a ian mass (me+e−). The pa ne elec ons we e selec ed by applying simila bu loose ack quali y and pa icle iden i ica ion c i e ia han hose used o selec ing signal elec ons o inc ease he e i- ciency o inding he pa ne [111,112]. Hea y- la o decay elec ons can o m ULS pai s mainly h ough andom combi- na ions wi h o he elec ons. The combina o ial con ibu ion was es ima ed om he in a ian mass dis ibu ion o like-sign elec on (LS) pai s. The d0dis ibu ions o elec ons o ming ULS (dNULS/dd0) and LS (dNLS/dd0) pai s we e ob ained. The pho onic backg ound con ibu ion was hen e alua ed by sub ac ing he LS dis ibu ion om he ULS dis ibu- ion in he in a ian mass in e al me+e−<0.1GeV/c2.The e iciency o inding he pa ne elec on, e e ed o as he agging e iciency (ε ag) om he e on, was es ima ed using he HIJING [102] MC simula ions wi h added ligh la o sig- nals a high momen a. The gene a ed pa icles a e p opaga ed h ough he ALICE appa a us using GEANT3 [103]. The sim- ula ed pTdis ibu ions o π0and ηmesons we e eweigh ed o ma ch he unbiased pTdis ibu ion om PYTHIA. The agging e iciency is ≈50% a 3 GeV/c, inc easing o ≈70% a pT>20 GeV/c.Thed0dis ibu ion o pho onic elec ons was co ec ed o wi h he agging e iciency and sub ac ed om he inclusi e elec on dis ibu ion o ob ain he impac pa ame e dis ibu ion o elec ons om hea y la o had on decays (dNHFe/dd0) acco ding o dNHFe dd0=dNInclE dd0−1 ε ag dNULS dd0−dNLS dd0.(3) An example o he d0dis ibu ion o inclusi e elec ons, es ima ed had on con amina ion, and pho onic elec ons is shown in he le panel o Fig. 2 o he in e al 3 <pT< 4GeV/c. Elec ons om s ange-had on decays a e negligible in he pT ange conside ed [95]. The con ibu ion o elec ons om J/ψ decays was es ima ed o be less han 5% wi h a maxi- mum a 2 <pT<3GeV/c[111,112], hence no conside ed in he analysis. The W±(Z0) boson decays ha e a negligible con ibu ion o pT<15 GeV/c, inc easing o 20% (10%) o he hea y- la o decay elec on yield a pT=26 GeV/c [109]. These con ibu ions we e no sub ac ed bu hei small e ec on he yield is conside ed in he sys ema ic unce ain y es ima ion, as desc ibed below. 2. Two- empla e i p ocedu e The elec ons om beau y-had on decays we e sepa a ed by i ing wo MC d0 empla es o he hea y- la o elec on d0dis ibu ion, using a p ocedu e simila o ha de ailed in Sec. III C. The wo empla es co espond o elec ons om cha m-had on decays and beau y-had on decays. Se e al co ec ions we e applied o he MC d0 empla es o cha m- and beau y-had on decays o ob ain a ealis ic de- sc ip ion o he da a, be o e using hem o i he measu ed dis ibu ions. These co ec ions include (i) he pTshape o he mo he cha m and beau y had ons, (ii) he ela i e ac ion o he di e en cha m-had on mo he species, and (iii) he mean and he esolu ion o he d0dis ibu ion. The co ec ions we e applied using he same p ocedu e desc ibed in Sec. III C. The co ec ed MC empla es o cha m and beau y decays we e used o i he hea y- la o elec on d0dis ibu ion om da a using a weigh ed log-likelihood i [113]. The s a is ical unce ain ies om he empla es we e no conside ed in he i , as he s a is ical unce ain ies o he da a domina e o e hose o he empla es (app oxima ely six imes la ge ). An example 034906-7 S. ACHARYA e al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) TABLE II. Sys ema ic unce ain ies in he pp and Pb-Pb analyses. Indi idual sou ces o sys ema ic unce ain ies a e pTdependen . The alues a e p esen ed as a ange co esponding o he lowes and highes pTin e als. pp Pb-Pb Pb-Pb TPC-TOF TPC-TOF TPC-EMCal Sou ce 2 <pT<8 GeV/c2<pT<8 GeV/c3<pT<26 GeV/c T ack selec ion 1% 3% 2% ITS-TPC ma ching 2% 3% 3% TPC-TOF ma ching 2% 5% – TPC-EMCal ma ching – – 1% TPC eID 1% 7% – TOF eID 4%–0% 7%–2% – TPC-EMCal eID – – 7%–10% IP esolu ion 6% 5%–0% 2% Cha m-had on pTspec a 2%–0% 5%–2% 1%–5% Cha m-had on species 4%–0% 1%–0% 5% Beau y-had on pTspec a 10%–5% 10%–5% 10%–3% Had on con amina ion 0%–10% 8%–4% 1%–3% Fi s abili y 10%–0% 5%–0% 0% S angeness decay con ibu ion – 3%–1% – Pa ne elec on selec ion – – 2%–0% Mul iplici y e ec o con e sions – 4%–1% – Fi me hod 20% 15% 15% Closu e es – – 20%–4% W/Z con ibu ion – – 0%–6% EMCal igge ejec ion ac o – – 0%–5% To al 26%–23% 26–18% 28–22% No maliza ion unce ain y 2.1% – – o a i is shown in he igh panel o Fig. 2 o he in e al 14 <pT<16 GeV/c. The a io o he da a o he i is also shown o demons a e he quali y o he i . I is a ound 1 in he ull d0 ange conside ed o he i . The aw beau y-decay elec on yield ob ained om he empla e i was hen co ec ed o he accep ance o he ALICE de ec o and he e iciency o he elec on econs uc- ion and iden i ica ion as desc ibed by Eq. (2). This includes he e iciency co ec ions o he ack quali y selec ions, he p ocedu e o ma ch acks wi h EMCal ene gy-deposi ion clus e s, and he selec ions used o iden i y elec ons ( he Ecal/p,σ2 sho , and nTPC σ,e equi emen s). The e iciencies we e es ima ed using MC simula ions, wi h he excep ion o he nTPC σ,eand σ2 sho elec on selec ion e iciencies, which was es- ima ed using da a-d i en p ocedu es. The nTPC σ,ee iciency was es ima ed by pa ame izing he nTPC σ,edis ibu ions by i ing wi h h ee Gaussians, o he elec on, he pion, and he combined p o on and kaon signals. The ob ained e iciency a ies om abou 72% o 76% wi h inc easing momen um. The ela i e e iciency o σ2 sho was ob ained using Ecal/pdis ibu ion wi h and wi hou applying he showe shape selec ion. The esul ing e iciency a ies om abou 80% o 95% wi h inc easing momen um. The pe -e en yield ob ained wi h EMCal- igge ed e en s o pT>12 GeV/cwas no malized using he EMCal igge ejec ion ac o . The ejec ion ac o exp esses he equi alen numbe o MB e en s co esponding o a igge ed e en . I was es ima ed wi h a da a-d i en me hod, using he a io o he EMCal clus e ene gy dis ibu ion in EG- igge ed da a o he one in minimum-bias da a (EG/MB), simila o wha is desc ibed in Re s. [109,111]. This a io o ms a s able pla eau abo e Eclus e >12 GeV/c. A Fe mi unc ion [114,115]was used o i he a io and o de e mine he EMCal igge e- jec ion ac o abo e he igge h eshold. A ejec ion ac o o 61.7±0.8(s a .)±3.0(sys.) was ob ained. The s a is ical unce ain y was ob ained by a ying he i unc ion wi hin i s pa ame e unce ain ies, and he sys ema ic unce ain y was ob ained by changing he i unc ion using a cons an abo e he igge h eshold, and also a ying he i ange. The unce - ain y on he EMCal igge ejec ion ac o was p opaga ed o he inal measu emen . E. Sys ema ic unce ain ies 1. Sys ema ic unce ain y es ima ion o he ou - empla e me hod The sys ema ic unce ain ies in pp and Pb-Pb collisions wi h TPC–TOF eID a e summa ized in Table II. They can b oadly be sepa a ed in o unce ain ies on he es ima e o he e iciency o he ack selec ion and eID and unce ain ies ela ed o he shape o he i empla es. The di e en sou ces o unce ain ies we e assumed o be unco ela ed and hus added in quad a u e. Fo he calcula ion o he RAA, hey we e conside ed as unco ela ed be ween pp and Pb-Pb. A de ailed desc ip ion o he con ibu ions is gi en in he ollowing. The sys ema ic unce ain y o he ack quali y selec ion e iciency in pp and Pb-Pb collisions is 1% and 3%, espec- i ely, o elec ons om beau y- and cha m-had on decays as es ima ed in Re . [109] om a ia ions o he selec ion c i e ia. The unce ain y es ima ed o hea y- la o decay elec ons in Re . [109] can be applied in he analysis p esen ed 034906-8 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRONS FROM BEAUTY-HADRON … PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) collisional ene gy loss p ocesses p edic simila RAA alues a high pT, signi ican di e ences among models exis a low pT, bu mo e p ecise measu emen s a e needed o cons ain he model pa ame e s u he . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The ALICE collabo a ion hanks all i s enginee s and echnicians o hei in aluable con ibu ions o he cons uc- ion o he expe imen and he CERN accele a o eams o he ou s anding pe o mance o he LHC complex. The AL- ICE collabo a ion g a e ully acknowledges he esou ces and suppo p o ided by all G id cen e s and he Wo ldwide LHC Compu ing G id (WLCG) collabo a ion. The ALICE collabo a ion acknowledges he ollowing unding agencies o hei suppo in building and unning he ALICE de ec- o : A. I. Alikhanyan Na ional Science Labo a o y (Ye e an Physics Ins i u e) Founda ion (ANSL), S a e Commi ee o Science and Wo ld Fede a ion o Scien is s (WFS), A me- nia; Aus ian Academy o Sciences, Aus ian Science Fund (FWF): [M 2467-N36] and Na ionals i ung ü Fo schung, Technologie und En wicklung, Aus ia; Minis y o Commu- nica ions and High Technologies, Na ional Nuclea Resea ch Cen e , Aze baijan; Conselho Nacional de Desen ol imen o Cien í ico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiado a de Es udos e P oje os (Finep), Fundação de Ampa o à Pesquisa do Es- ado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Uni e sidade Fede al do Rio G ande do Sul (UFRGS), B azil; Bulga ian Minis y o Educa ion and Science, wi hin he Na ional Roadmap o Re- sea ch In as uc u es 2020–2027 (objec CERN), Bulga ia; Minis y o Educa ion o China (MOEC), Minis y o Sci- ence & Technology o China (MSTC) and Na ional Na u al Science Founda ion o China (NSFC), China; Minis y o Science and Educa ion and C oa ian Science Founda ion, C oa ia; Cen o de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desa ollo Nuclea (CEADEN), Cubaene gía, Cuba; Minis y o Ed- uca ion, You h and Spo s o he Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council o Independen Resea ch | Na u al Sciences, he VILLUM FONDEN and Danish Na ional Resea ch Founda ion (DNRF), Denma k; Helsinki Ins i u e o Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissa ia à l’Ene gie A omique (CEA) and Ins i u Na ional de Physique Nu- cléai e e de Physique des Pa icules (IN2P3) and Cen e Na ional de la Reche che Scien i ique (CNRS), F ance; Bun- desminis e ium ü Bildung und Fo schung (BMBF) and GSI Helmhol zzen um ü Schwe ionen o schung GmbH, Ge many; Gene al Sec e a ia o Resea ch and Technol- ogy, Minis y o Educa ion, Resea ch and Religions, G eece; Na ional Resea ch, De elopmen and Inno a ion O ice, Hun- ga y; Depa men o A omic Ene gy Go e nmen o India (DAE), Depa men o Science and Technology, Go e nmen o India (DST), Uni e si y G an s Commission, Go e nmen o India (UGC) and Council o Scien i ic and Indus ial Resea ch (CSIR), India; Na ional Resea ch and Inno a ion Agency–BRIN, Indonesia; Is i u o Nazionale di Fisica Nucle- a e (INFN), I aly; Japanese Minis y o Educa ion, Cul u e, Spo s, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Socie y o he P omo ion o Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, Japan; Con- sejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, h ough Fondo de Coope ación In e nacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Di ección Gene al de Asun os del Pe sonal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nede landse O ganisa ie oo We enschappelijk Onde zoek (NWO), Ne he lands; The Re- sea ch Council o No way, No way; Commission on Science and Technology o Sus ainable De elopmen in he Sou h (COMSATS), Pakis an; Pon i icia Uni e sidad Ca ólica del Pe ú, Pe u; Minis y o Educa ion and Science, Na ional Science Cen e and WUT ID-UB, Poland; Ko ea Ins i u e o Science and Technology In o ma ion and Na ional Re- sea ch Founda ion o Ko ea (NRF), Republic o Ko ea; Minis y o Educa ion and Scien i ic Resea ch, Ins i u e o A omic Physics, Minis y o Resea ch and Inno a ion and Ins i u e o A omic Physics and Uni e si y Poli ehnica o Bucha es , Romania; Minis y o Educa ion, Science, Re- sea ch and Spo o he Slo ak Republic, Slo akia; Na ional Resea ch Founda ion o Sou h A ica, Sou h A ica; Swedish Resea ch Council (VR) and Knu & Alice Wallenbe g Foun- da ion (KAW), Sweden; Eu opean O ganiza ion o Nuclea Resea ch, Swi ze land; Su ana ee Uni e si y o Technol- ogy (SUT), Na ional Science and Technology De elopmen Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Resea ch and Inno a- ion (TSRI) and Na ional Science, Resea ch and Inno a ion Fund (NSRF), Thailand; Tu kish Ene gy, Nuclea and Mine al Resea ch Agency (TENMAK), Tu key; Na ional Academy o Sciences o Uk aine, Uk aine; Science and Technology Facili ies Council (STFC), Uni ed Kingdom; Na ional Science Founda ion o he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica (NSF) and Uni ed S a es Depa men o Ene gy, O ice o Nuclea Physics (DOE NP), Uni ed S a es o Ame ica. 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PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) 10China Ins i u e o A omic Ene gy, Beijing, China 11Chungbuk Na ional Uni e si y, Cheongju, Republic o Ko ea 12Comenius Uni e si y B a isla a, Facul y o Ma hema ics, Physics and In o ma ics, B a isla a, Slo ak Republic 13COMSATS Uni e si y Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakis an 14C eigh on Uni e si y, Omaha, Neb aska, USA 15Depa men o Physics, Aliga h Muslim Uni e si y, Aliga h, India 16Depa men o Physics, Pusan Na ional Uni e si y, Pusan, Republic o Ko ea 17Depa men o Physics, Sejong Uni e si y, Seoul, Republic o Ko ea 18Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Be keley, Cali o nia, USA 19Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Oslo, Oslo, No way 20Depa men o Physics and Technology, Uni e si y o Be gen, Be gen, No way 21Dipa imen o di Fisica, Uni e si à di Pa ia, Pa ia, I aly 22Dipa imen o di Fisica dell’Uni e si à and Sezione INFN, Caglia i, I aly 23Dipa imen o di Fisica dell’Uni e si à and Sezione INFN, T ies e, I aly 24Dipa imen o di Fisica dell’Uni e si à and Sezione INFN, Tu in, I aly 25Dipa imen o di Fisica e As onomia dell’Uni e si à and Sezione INFN, Bologna, I aly 26Dipa imen o di Fisica e As onomia dell’Uni e si à and Sezione INFN, Ca ania, I aly 27Dipa imen o di Fisica e As onomia dell’Uni e si à and Sezione INFN, Pado a, I aly 28Dipa imen o di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Uni e si à and G uppo Collega o INFN, Sale no, I aly 29Dipa imen o DISAT del Poli ecnico and Sezione INFN, Tu in, I aly 30Dipa imen o di Scienze MIFT, Uni e si à di Messina, Messina, I aly 31Dipa imen o In e a eneo di Fisica ‘M. Me lin’ and Sezione INFN, Ba i, I aly 32Eu opean O ganiza ion o Nuclea Resea ch (CERN), Gene a, Swi ze land 33Facul y o Elec ical Enginee ing, Mechanical Enginee ing and Na al A chi ec u e, Uni e si y o Spli , Spli , C oa ia 34Facul y o Enginee ing and Science, Wes e n No way Uni e si y o Applied Sciences, Be gen, No way 35Facul y o Nuclea Sciences and Physical Enginee ing, Czech Technical Uni e si y in P ague, P ague, Czech Republic 36Facul y o Physics, So ia Uni e si y, So ia, Bulga ia 37Facul y o Science, P.J. 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BRIN, Jaka a, Indonesia 83Niels Boh Ins i u e, Uni e si y o Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denma k 84Nikhe , Na ional ins i u e o suba omic physics, Ams e dam, Ne he lands 85Nuclea Physics G oup, STFC Da esbu y Labo a o y, Da esbu y, Uni ed Kingdom 86Nuclea Physics Ins i u e o he Czech Academy o Sciences, Husinec- ˇ Rež, Czech Republic 87Oak Ridge Na ional Labo a o y, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA 88Ohio S a e Uni e si y, Columbus, Ohio, USA 89Physics depa men , Facul y o science, Uni e si y o Zag eb, Zag eb, C oa ia 90Physics Depa men , Panjab Uni e si y, Chandiga h, India 91Physics Depa men , Uni e si y o Jammu, Jammu, India 92Physics P og am and In e na ional Ins i u e o Sus ainabili y wi h Kno ed Chi al Me a Ma e (SKCM2), Hi oshima Uni e si y, Hi oshima, Japan 93Physikalisches Ins i u , Ebe ha d-Ka ls-Uni e si ä Tübingen, Tübingen, Ge many 94Physikalisches Ins i u , Rup ech -Ka ls-Uni e si ä Heidelbe g, Heidelbe g, Ge many 95Physik Depa men , Technische Uni e si ä München, Munich, Ge many 96Poli ecnico di Ba i and Sezione INFN, Ba i, I aly 97Resea ch Di ision and Ex eMe Ma e Ins i u e EMMI, GSI Helmhol zzen um ü Schwe ionen o schung GmbH, Da ms ad , Ge many 98Saga Uni e si y, Saga, Japan 99Saha Ins i u e o Nuclea Physics, Homi Bhabha Na ional Ins i u e, Kolka a, India 100School o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Bi mingham, Bi mingham, Uni ed Kingdom 101Sección Física, Depa amen o de Ciencias, Pon i icia Uni e sidad Ca ólica del Pe ú, Lima, Pe u 102S e an Meye Ins i u ü Suba oma e Physik (SMI), Vienna, Aus ia 103SUBATECH, IMT A lan ique, Nan es Uni e si é, CNRS-IN2P3, Nan es, F ance 104Sungkyunkwan Uni e si y, Suwon Ci y, Republic o Ko ea 105Su ana ee Uni e si y o Technology, Nakhon Ra chasima, Thailand 106Technical Uni e si y o Košice, Košice, Slo ak Republic 107The Hen yk Niewodniczanski Ins i u e o Nuclea Physics, Polish Academy o Sciences, C acow, Poland 108The Uni e si y o Texas a Aus in, Aus in, Texas, USA 109Uni e sidad Au ónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico 110Uni e sidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, B azil 111Uni e sidade Es adual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, B azil 112Uni e sidade Fede al do ABC, San o And e, B azil 113Uni e si y o Cape Town, Cape Town, Sou h A ica 114Uni e si y o Hous on, Hous on, Texas, USA 115Uni e si y o Jy äskylä, Jy äskylä, Finland 116Uni e si y o Kansas, Law ence, Kansas, USA 117Uni e si y o Li e pool, Li e pool, Uni ed Kingdom 118Uni e si y o Science and Technology o China, He ei, China 119Uni e si y o Sou h-Eas e n No way, Kongsbe g, No way 120Uni e si y o Tennessee, Knox ille, Tennessee, USA 121Uni e si y o he Wi wa e s and, Johannesbu g, Sou h A ica 122Uni e si y o Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 123Uni e si y o Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 124Uni e si y Poli ehnica o Bucha es , Bucha es , Romania 125Uni e si é Cle mon Au e gne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Cle mon -Fe and, F ance 126Uni e si é de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Ins i u de Physique des 2 In inis de Lyon, Lyon, F ance 034906-23 S. ACHARYA e al. PHYSICAL REVIEW C 108, 034906 (2023) 127Uni e si é de S asbou g, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 S asbou g, F ance, S asbou g, F ance 128Uni e si é Pa is-Saclay Cen e d’E udes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Dépa men de Physique Nucléai e (DPhN), Saclay, F ance 129Uni e si à degli S udi di Foggia, Foggia, I aly 130Uni e si à del Piemon e O ien ale, Ve celli, I aly 131Uni e si à di B escia, B escia, I aly 132Va iable Ene gy Cyclo on Cen e, Homi Bhabha Na ional Ins i u e, Kolka a, India 133Wa saw Uni e si y o Technology, Wa saw, Poland 134Wayne S a e Uni e si y, De oi , Michigan, USA 135Wes älische Wilhelms-Uni e si ä Müns e , Ins i u ü Ke nphysik, Müns e , Ge many 136Wigne Resea ch Cen e o Physics, Budapes , Hunga y 137Yale Uni e si y, New Ha en, Connec icu , USA 138Yonsei Uni e si y, Seoul, Republic o Ko ea 139Zen um ü Technologie und T ans e (ZTT), Wo ms, Ge many 140A ilia ed wi h an ins i u e co e ed by a coope a ion ag eemen wi h CERN 141A ilia ed wi h an in e na ional labo a o y co e ed by a coope a ion ag eemen wi h CERN *Also a Max-Planck-Ins i u ü Physik, Munich, Ge many. †Also a I alian Na ional Agency o New Technologies, Ene gy and Sus ainable Economic De elopmen (ENEA), Bologna, I aly. ‡Also a Dipa imen o DET del Poli ecnico di To ino, Tu in, I aly. §Deceased. Also a An ins i u ion co e ed by a coope a ion ag eemen wi h CERN. ¶Also a Depa men o Applied Physics, Aliga h Muslim Uni e si y, Aliga h, India. **Also a Ins i u e o Theo e ical Physics, Uni e si y o W oclaw, Poland. 034906-24