Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s JETT, Vol. 12 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 115
ISSN 1989 – 9572
DOI: 10.47750/je .2021.12.03.011
T unca ion and imming in uk ainian heo e ical
de i a ology
I yna Denyso e s1
Ka e yna Ho odenska2
Te yana Nikolashyna3
I yna Pa lo a4
Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s, Vol. 12 (3)
h ps://je .labos o .com/
Da e o ecep ion: 18 Feb 2021
Da e o e ision: 16 May 2021
Da e o accep ance: 15 Aug 2021
I yna Denyso e s, Ka e yna Ho odenska, Te yana Nikolashyna, I yna Pa lo a (2021). T unca ion and
imming in uk ainian heo e ical de i a ology. Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s, Vol. 12(3).
115 – 121.
1PhD in Philology, Associa e P o esso o he Depa men o Uk ainian S udies, Cul u e and Documen a ion
Na ional Uni e si y «Yu i Kond a yuk Pol a a Poly echnic», Pol a a, Uk aine.
2Doc o o Philological Science, P o esso , Head o he Depa men o G amma and Scien i ic Te minology,
Na ional Academy o Science o Uk aine, Ins i u e o Uk ainian Language», Kyi , Uk aine.
3,4Ph.D. in Philology, Associa e P o esso o he Depa men o he Uk ainian Language, Pol a a V. G.
Ko olenko Na ional Pedagogical Uni e si y, Pol a a, Uk aine.
Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s, Vol. 12 (3)
ISSN 1989 – 9572
h ps://je .labos o .com/
Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s JETT, Vol. 12 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 116
T unca ion and imming in uk ainian heo e ical de i a ology
I yna Denyso e s1, Ka e yna Ho odenska2, Te yana Nikolashyna3, I yna Pa lo a4
1PhD in Philology, Associa e P o esso o he Depa men o Uk ainian S udies, Cul u e and Documen a ion
Na ional Uni e si y «Yu i Kond a yuk Pol a a Poly echnic», Pol a a, Uk aine.
2Doc o o Philological Science, P o esso , Head o he Depa men o G amma and Scien i ic Te minology,
Na ional Academy o Science o Uk aine, Ins i u e o Uk ainian Language», Kyi , Uk aine.
3,4Ph.D. in Philology, Associa e P o esso o he Depa men o he Uk ainian Language, Pol a a V. G.
Ko olenko Na ional Pedagogical Uni e si y, Pol a a, Uk aine.
Email ID: [email p o ec ed]m, k.ho odenska7[email p o ec ed], .nikolash[email p o ec ed]e ,
li ely am[email p o ec ed]m
АBSTRACT
The ele ance o he p oposed s udy is due o he need o ully ace he o ma ion o a sys em o
e ms o de ine he concep o «cu ing o » he phonemic end o a ce ain pa o he c ea i e basis in
he p ocess o o ming new wo ds in he Uk ainian language, which will con ibu e o he
e minological o de ing in Uk ainian de i a ology. The a icle in es iga es he o ma ion o he e ms
unca ion and imming in Uk ainian de i a ology, he in luence o he co esponding e ms o
Russian de i a ology on his p ocess was no ed. The co ela ion o he e m « unca ion» o nume ous
e ms in di e en pe iods o de elopmen o linguis ics was cha ac e ized. We paid special a en ion
o hose based on he clipping ( ejec ion) o he pa o he c ea i e basis, accompanied by phone ic
changes and wi hou hem, in pa icula wi h such as he a ix- ee (su ix- ee) me hod o c ea ion,
ede i a ion (in e se wo d o ma ion), ze o su ixa ion, elision, apocope, elescopy, e c. The
cha ac e is ic ea u es o wo e minological uni s a he p esen s age o de elopmen o Uk ainian
de i a ology we e singled ou : unca ion as a mo phological phenomenon and imming as an
independen way o wo d o ma ion. I was ound ha unca ion o he c ea i e basis is possible no
only du ing a ixa ion, bu also in he absence o any a ixes in de i ed wo ds. We can obse e his
phenomenon in he c ea ion o complex wo ds o di e en ypes. I is called an abb e ia ion
unca ion o bases o an abb e ia ion ype o abb e ia ion, on he basis o which he abb e ia ion
ype o wo d o ma ion was dis inguished. Al e na i ely, we can call i an abb e ia ion, he essence o
which is he o ma ion o he wo d-abb e ia ion due o he educ ion o wo ds o he co esponding
nomina i e ph ase. The endency o he e m elision o unc ion has been aced, in pa icula , i has
been ound ou ha his e m has no become widely used in Uk ainian wo d o ma ion, ob iously
because he phenomenon i causes is no e y cha ac e is ic o wo d- o ming ac s o he Uk ainian
language.
Keywo ds: unca ion, ixed me hod o c ea ion, ede i a ion, elision, imming.
INTRODUCTION
A each s age o language de elopmen and i s s anda diza ion he e is a need o s udy linguis ic phenomena ha
do no ha e he same in e p e a ion, clea de ini ion, a single e minological name o codi y and in oduce i in o
language p ac ice. One o he mos impo an in Uk ainian linguis ics is he p oblem o o ma ion and
codi ica ion o he de i a ological e minology o mode n Uk ainian li e a y language, i s o all, long sea ches
o adequa e e minological names o he concep s o wo d o ma ion as a sepa a e b anch o linguis ic
knowledge.
One such concep is unca ion o he c ea i e basis. Acco ding o esea ch on wo d o ma ion in Uk ainian and
o he languages, i appea ed a e he basic p inciples o wo d o ma ion we e o med: c ea i e (wo d- o ming)
basis, wo d- o ming a ixes (wo d- o ming su ixes, wo d- o ming p e ixes), wo d- o ming meaning, wo d-
o ming ac , me hod o wo d- o ma ion, e c. I s appea ance was caused by a mo phological eason, namely he
impossibili y o combine he c ea i e basis and he wo d- o ming su ix du ing he o ma ion o a new wo d.
This happened due o he ac ha be ween hem he e we e phonemic combina ions, no ypical o he
Uk ainian language, which do no mee he no ms o dis ibu ion o phonemes a mo pheme junc ions. To
Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s JETT, Vol. 12 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 117
combine hem, you need o disca d one o wo, and some imes mo e ini e phonemes o he c ea i e basis:
owel o consonan o e en phonemic combina ion.
Expansion and deepening o he heo y o wo d- o ma ion me hods, he ounda ions o which we e laid in he
i s g amma s o he Uk ainian language and in he desc ip ions o he g amma ical sys em, led o he
sepa a ion o he wo d- o ma ion me hod, based on unca ion (cu ing o ) o he c ea i e basis. I is called he
a ixless way o wo d o ma ion wi hin he a ixless wo d o ma ion as opposed o he a ix-based. This me hod
in ol es he o ma ion o new wo ds wi hou a ixes (p e ixes and su ixes). Howe e , he scope o he concep
o «a ixless me hod» is b oade han unca ion, because wi hou a ixes new wo ds a e o med by he me hod
o addi ion, including abb e ia ions, lexical-syn ac ic, lexical-seman ic, mo phological-syn ac ic and o he s.
The e o e, he e m a ixless me hod, which was na owed down o he su ixless me hod, wo d heo is s
conside ed unsuccess ul (Vinog ado , 1975). In some g amma s o he Uk ainian language wi hin he in ini i e
wo d o ma ion i is singled ou in an independen way o unca ion, acco ding o which new wo ds a e o med
by disca ding pa o he c ea i e basis (Vyho ane s e al., 1982). O he esea che s used he concep o
« unca ion» na owly, basically o name he p ocesses o o ma ion o mos ly colloquial wo ds due o he
unca ion o adjec i es and noun bases wi hin he abb e ia ion me hod o wo d o ma ion, which is known o
be based on he educ ion o wo ds o he basic nomina i e ph ase (Ko alyk, 2007).
The esul o he sea ch o he exac name o he su ixless me hod was he in oduc ion o he e m «me hod o
ze o su ixa ion», and la e «a null su ix me hod o c ea ion».
As we can see, he p oblem o cu ing o he c ea i e basis has a ac ed he a en ion o Uk ainian linguis s in
wo aspec s: mo phophonological as a condi ion o combining neighbo ing phonemes du ing he o ma ion o
new wo ds and wo d- o ma ional as a way o c ea ing new wo ds, bu we s ill do no ace he cla i y and
unanimi y o he e minological name o hese phenomena. In scien i ic usage, such well-known e ms as
unca ion, su ixless (su ixless) me hod o c ea ion, ze o su ixa ion, ze o su ix me hod a e used. Less
common a e elision, apocopa, desu ixa ion, eg essi e wo d o ma ion, ede i a ion ( e e se wo d o ma ion),
elescopy, imming, e c.
The ele ance o he s udy is due o he need o ully ace he o ma ion o a sys em o e ms o de ine he
concep o «cu ing o » he phonemic end o a ce ain pa o he c ea i e basis in he p ocess o o ming new
wo ds in he Uk ainian language, which will con ibu e o he e minological o de ing in Uk ainian de i a ology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The aim o he s udy is o analyze he s ages and ea u es o he o ma ion o e ms used in Uk ainian wo d
o ma ion o de ine he clipping ( ejec ion) o he phonemic end o pa o he c ea i e basis in he p ocess o
new wo ds o ma ion and o jus i y he expediency o using some and he inexpediency o o he e ms.
To achie e his goal, a numbe o me hods we e used o s udy wo d- o ming e ms a di e en s ages o hei
unc ioning. In pa icula , he classi ica ion and in e p e a ion o he s udied language uni s, he desc ip ion o
hei di e en ial ea u es made i possible o use he desc ip i e me hod. The compa a i e me hod e ealed
di e ences in se e al e ms o de ine he same concep and he speci ics o hei unc ioning agains he
backg ound o common ea u es. Cla i ica ion, speci ica ion o de ini ions o he analyzed e m uni s was
ca ied ou by means o he analysis o de ini ions, нand on he basis o which he connec ions o a sepa a e e m
wi hin a wo d- o ming e minology sys em we e de e mined o iden i y he seman ic componen s o he
seman ics o one e m in he meaning o ano he . To ace he indi idual s ages o he genesis o he wo d-
o ming e minology o he Uk ainian language, he me hod o e ymological analysis was used, which was
based on he compa a i e-his o ical me hod.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
T unca ion, as al eady men ioned, was i s called a mo phophonological phenomenon associa ed wi h he
mo phological adap a ion o he phonemic end o he c ea i e basis wi h he phonemic beginning o he wo d-
o ming su ix. I was conside ed one o he ypes o mu ual adap a ion o mo phemes, along wi h he
al e na ion o phonemes and in e ixa ion du ing a ix wo d o ma ion (Zemskaya, 1973; Ho odenska e al.
1981; K a chenko, 1988).
This is qui e no iceable in he s udies o he 60-80s o he wen ie h cen u y, de o ed o he s udy o he su ixal
c ea ion o nouns, adjec i es and e bs in he Uk ainian language (Wo d o ma ion, 1979; K a chenko, 1988).
Some esea che s ha e used o gi en he e m elision in pa en heses in pa allel wi h he e m unca ion, o
compa ison: «… unca ion (elision) is based on ce ain pa e ns o combina ion o wo d- o ming mo phemes in
a wo d» o «in he sys em o wo d o ma ion o educed-emo ional nouns elision does no belong o he
common mo phological phenomena, on he basis o which he wo d- o ming ac is ealized» (K a chenko,
1988). This iden i ica ion was un ounded, gi en he de ini ion o elision in la e e e ence wo ks, o
compa ison: elision is loss o he inal owel in he wo d p eceding he wo d wi h he ini ial owel o me ging
owels.
Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s JETT, Vol. 12 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 118
V.O. Go pinich in e p e ed he phenomenon o unca ion in he 90s o he wen ie h cen u y in wo ec o s. On
he one hand, i is a mo phophonological p ocess o unca ion o ini e sound segmen s du ing he
ans o ma ion o a mo i a ional wo d in o a c ea i e basis in he p ocess o o ming a new lexema, p epa a ion
o he c ea i e basis o he accession o he wo d- o ming means (Ho pynych, 1999). He e he p e e ed he
e m elision and iden i ied he causes and ypes o s uc u al elisions. On he o he hand, he linguis singled ou
di e en sub ypes o unca ions: aphe esis – unca ion o he ini ial syllables o he wo d (Va a ka → Va ka);
syncope – unca ion o he middle pa o he wo d (Ma i sa → Mi sa); apocope – unca ion o he inal pa s
o he wo d (Magdalena → Magda); abb e ia ion – unca ion o ph ase componen s ( ilolohichnyy akul e →
il ak) (Ho pynych, 1999). None o hese sub ypes belong o elision, since unca ion in such wo ds is no a
means o p epa ing he g ound o a ix compa ibili y and does no p o ide o he eplacemen o he de o man
pa wi h a o man pa . T unca ion he e pe o ms no a mo phophonological bu a de i a ional unc ion,
because i is a way o wo d o ma ion.
In ou opinion, he in oduc ion o he e m usichennya ( unca ion) in o he Uk ainian wo d- o ming usage on
he de ini ion o a mo phophonological phenomenon was due o he in luence o he wo d- o ming e minology
o he Russian language, whe e in he same pe iod o i s o ma ion he e m usecheniye ( unca ion) became
widesp ead, co ela ed on he basis o species wi h he e b o he impe ec o m useka ( unca e) and a e b
o he pe ec o m usech. In he Uk ainian language, he noun usichennya by species meaning is co ela ed wi h
he e b o he pe ec o m usik y, whe eas wi h he e b o he impe ec o m usika y co ela es noun
usikannya. Dic iona ies o he Uk ainian language p esen his ype pai o e bs mainly wi h he s ylis ic ma k
obsole e. Mo e accu a e and s ylis ically unma ked seman ic equi alen s o he Russian species pai useka –
usech and noun usecheniye would be a Uk ainian species pai o e bs idsika y (cu o ) – idsik y and hei
de i ed nouns idsikannya – idsichennya o species pai s idkyda y ( ejec ) – idkynu y, u ina y – u nu y
(u ya y) and nouns idkydannya, u ynannya wi h he alue o he impe ec o m. As we can see, he endency o
he uni o mi y o Uk ainian wo d- o ming e minology wi h Russian hen won. Howe e , he e y e m
unca ion wi h he meaning o he me hod o wo d o ma ion has no become common in Uk ainian
de i a ology. Bu on he basis o unca ion as a p ocedu e o he o ma ion o new wo ds c ea ed de ini ions o
se e al now known ways o wo d o ma ion, in pa icula : a ixless ( eg essi e), eg essi e (in e se),
ede i a ion (in e se de i a ion), ze o su ixa ion (null su ix me hod), e c., which, despi e he ma ked
commonali y, ha e hei di e ences.
Due o he dis inc ion be ween a ix and non-a ix wo d o ma ion in he middle o he wen ie h cen u y in
Uk ainian linguis ics, an a ixless, o eg essi e (in e se), way o c ea ing wo ds was singled ou , he essence o
which, by de ini ion, (Ko alyk, 2007), is o disca d pa o he c ea i e basis o allow he addi ion o he wo d-
o ming su ix. In he sec ion «Basic s uc u al ways o wo d o ma ion and hei in e ela ion» o his «The
eaching o wo d o ma ion» he desc ibed he eg essi e (in e se) way and no ed ha among he Sla ic
de i a i e names and especially he names o inanima e objec s he e a e de i a i es ha appea ed in his way.
He also called i su ixless due o he lack o su ixes (Ko alyk, 2007). Howe e , many linguis s disag eed wi h
he e m su ixless me hod, jus i ying hei objec ion o a ious easons. He was ejec ed, o example, by he
amous Russian linguis (Vinog ado , 1975), because, in his opinion, i we in e p e his o ha de i a i e oken
as a ixless, hen he e is no answe o he ques ion by which means i s de i a ional alue is exp essed. Tha is
why he p oposed o in oduce he concep o «ze o su ix» and «null su ixa ion» ins ead o he su ixless
me hod (Vinog ado , 1975). Uk ainian ge manis (Zhluk enko, 1958) called his me hod o wo d o ma ion
eg essi e (in e se), because some o he ways o wo d o ma ion, o ins ance, syn ac ic and mo phological
(con e sion), a e also su ixless. He also emphasized ha in Sla ic ex books and g amma ex books all
a en ion is ocused on mo phological (a ixal) and syn ac ic-mo phological (basic composi ion) ways o wo d
o ma ion, and o he s a e only men ioned. On his basis, he concep o «a ix- ee (su ix- ee, mo pheme- ee)
way» is conside ed unsuccess ul, because i we use such a e m, i is unclea how he mechanism o wo d
o ma ion is ca ied ou (by means o which o mal (ma e ial) means new wo ds appea o wha he wo d-
o ming meaning is exp essed). This me hod does no indica e he ca ie o he wo d- o ming meaning
(Ho pynych, 1999).
In he linguis ic p ac ice o he 60’s – 70’s o he wen ie h cen u y we come ac oss he use o he e m
ede i a ion, o in e se wo d o ma ion o de ine he me hod o c ea ion, in which he ma e ially exp essed a ix
does no ake pa , and he e is a unca ion o a c ea i e basis, howe e he unca ed oken is pe cei ed no as a
de i a i e, and as c ea i e o ha wo d which has been unca ed. The i s heo e ical desc ip ions o his
phenomenon a e ound on he example o he English language in he wo k «Language» o he Ame ican
scien is (Bloom ield, 1968), which gi es examples o educ ion ( unca ion) o c ea i e wo ds and cha ac e izes
de i a i es as s uc u ally simple uni s.
In Uk ainian de i a ology, as opposed o Russian (Shansky, 1968), he e ms ede i a ion (in e se wo d
o ma ion) ha e no become widesp ead, because he phenomenon hey deno e is limi ed and unp oduc i e. In
he encyclopedia «Uk ainian language» (Klymenko, 2004) de ined in e se de i a ion, ede i a ion as a kind o
mo phological way o wo d o ma ion, he consequence o which is a lexical uni ha is simple in s uc u e
Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s JETT, Vol. 12 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 119
han he c ea i e wo d, and illus a ed i wi h a pai : doya (milke ) - doya ka (milkmaid). She quali ied i as an
unp oduc i e way o wo d o ma ion, which can be aced in he diach onic app oach o wo d- o ming
phenomena (Klymenko, 2004). Usually he nouns o med in his way ha e an uncodi ied cha ac e , howe e
he e a e okens which ha e a isen by means o ede i a ion, ha e en e ed o ganically in o a lexicon and ha e
become applied o he gene al public, o compa ison: Russian zon (umb ella) (← om Du ch zonnedek).
Howe e , (Rusani sky e al., 1978) in e p e ed his example di e en ly, emphasizing ha in a e cases he su ix
can be sepa a ed om he oo . I you compa e wi h each o he zon and zon ik, hen we can conclude ha he
second was o med om he i s as i s educed o m by a su ix -ik. In ac , he i s was o med om he
second. The wo d zon ik came o Uk ainian om Russian, whe e i came om Du ch. I s o iginal o m – zondek
– u ned in o zon ik, and ending -ik compa ed o such wo ds as h os ik ( ail), ko ik (ca ), pi nyk ( oos e ), e c.,
began o be pe cei ed as a diminu i e su ix. The su ix s ood ou he e om he oo . He called his
phenomenon a complica ion o he basis (Rusani sky e al., 1978).
In he la e 60’s – 70’s o he wen ie h cen u y he e m a ixless (su ixless) me hod in Russian linguis ics was
eplaced by he e m ze o su ixa ion. The idea o he ze o su ix is based on he concep o he ze o mo pheme,
i s in oduced by (Baudouin de Cou enay, 1963), who, in pa icula , no ed ha , in addi ion o mo phemes ha
consis o a ce ain p onuncia ion-audi o y alue, we mus also accep ze o mo phemes, o example hose ha
a e de oid o any p onuncia ion-audi o y composi ion.
In he 80s o he wen ie h cen u y in Uk ainian linguis ics (T e e ich, 1980) jus i ied he ad an age o he e m
null su ixa ion o e o he s, such as eg essi e wo d o ma ion, unca ion, su ixless way o wo d o ma ion and
p oposed he i s s udy o nouns o he Uk ainian language, which became a way o null su ixa ion.
Re e ence edi ions o he Uk ainian language also eco ded he e m apocope o deno e a pa icula way o wo d
o ma ion, he essence o which is de ined wi h some di e ences: in some i is he o ma ion o new wo ds due
o he educ ion o he inal pa o he wo d, o compa ison: me o (subway) → me opoli en, kino (mo ie,
cinema) → kinema oh a (Ganych e al., 1985); in o he s i is a unca ion acco ding o he abb e ia ion pa e n
o he inal pa o he c ea i e basis (wo d) ega dless o he mo pheme bounda y: badmin on → bad,
dyu alyuminiy (du alumin) → du al, plexiglass → plex, specialis → spec, ope upo no azhenyy (ope a i e) →
ope . Howe e , in Uk ainian heo e ical de i a ology his e m is no common, and de i ed wo ds o med on
such a pa e n illus a e o he ways o wo d o ma ion, mos ly su ixless o abb e ia ion.
A new s age in he use o he e m unca ion is associa ed wi h he wo ks o A. M. Nelyuba. He emphasized
ha in mode n linguis ic p ac ice his e m deno es wo comple ely di e en phenomena: unca ion as a
p epa a o y - mo phophonological - s age in he c ea ion o he wo d and unca ion as a di ec way o wo d
o ma ion. The e o e, he p oposed o clea ly dis inguish hese phenomena, in oducing in o scien i ic ci cula ion
wo e ms: unca ion as a means o mo phophonological, addi ional, supplemen a y way in he c ea ion o he
wo d and imming as an independen me hod o de i a ion, as a esul o which new uni s appea called cu ings
(Nelyuba, 2007).
We ollow way o hinking o (Nelyuba, 2007) and suppo he idea ha imming a he wo d- o ming le el is a
sepa a e way o c ea ing de i a i es, which eme ged as a esul o o mal economy in language, he endency o
a ionalize and p agma ism. Nouns o med by he me hod o ducking ha e he same seman ics as he c ea i e
wo d. In addi ion, he de i ed wo d di e s om he c ea i e in e ms o use and s ylis ic colo .
(Nelyuba, 2007) s a ed ha he lion’s sha e o imming de i a i es a ose as a esul o cu ing nouns. Thei
c ea i e bases di e in s uc u e (complex and simple) and e ymology (own and bo owed). Such de i a i es
di e in he deg ee o size o he cu pa and he co esponding su ix o in lec ional comple ion. A special
g oup o okens a e de i ed om wo ds o o eign o igin, which in he Uk ainian language can be incon enien
o p onounce, because usually such wo ds ha e a complex s uc u e, o compa ison: ench coa (eng.) →
ench. T imming o bo owed wo ds es i ies o he le el o hei mas e ing in he Uk ainian language, o hei
ele ance o he mode n Uk ainian language (Nelyuba, 2007). These nouns unc ion mainly in he colloquial
sphe e, in uncodi ied usage (ja gon), wi h a high deg ee o exp essi eness.
In he monog aph «Phenomena o economy in he wo d- o ming nomina ion o he Uk ainian language»
(Nelyuba, 2007) p o ided an exhaus i e classi ica ion o cu s, he c i e ia o which we e he ollowing ac o s:
1) pa -o -speech a ilia ion, 2) he s uc u e o he c ea i e basis (complex, simple, abb e ia ion), 3) «Loca ion»
o he conca e pa in he s uc u e o he c ea i e basis (beginning, middle, end), o compa ison: adjec i e
nouns wi h a cu su ix -n- (neha y nyy (nega i e) → neha y ); cu s om complex nouns wi h a cu s o i s o
second pa ( in → inches e (Winches e ), dep → depa men , elephone → phone, p ima donna (di a) →
p ima, mass media → media, mul ilm (ca oon) → mul ik, deodo an → dezik – wi h subsequen a ixa ion);
noun cu s wi h a cu end o a simple wo d (ope a i e → ope – wi hou u he a ixa ion; phlomas e ( el - ip
pen) → phlomik – wi h subsequen a ixa ion); noun ducks wi h a cu middle pa (phys a ← physcul u a
(physical cul u e)); con ex ual o ma ions; a i icial e- egis a ion (shpo a ← shpa halka (no e used o chea
du ing examina ion)). Qui e o en in a ian nouns ha do no ha e in he language o single-s uc u e wo ds-
equi alen s wi h a ma e ially exp essed su ix a e subjec o imming, o compa ison: kenga ← kenhu u
(kanga oo); no only he su ix o he inal pa o he wo d, bu also he pa o he oo mo ph o a ixoid can

Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s JETT, Vol. 12 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 120
also be cu (logo ← logoped (speech he apis )). Some o he de i a i es indica e he possibili y o imming he
al eady exis ing cu , o compa ison: bezlimi nyy (unlimi ed) → bezlimi → bezlim (in his case, he las link is
noun).
T imming o he c ea i e basis is a p ocess ha akes place du ing he wo d- o ming ac , as a esul o which he
gene a i e base is no ully ep esen ed in he de i ed wo d, bu appea s in abb e ia ed o m, meaning i consis s
o ewe phonemes, o compa ison: pianino (piano) → pian(ino)is ), lib e o → lib e (o)is , kenhu u →
kenhu (u)enya (li le kenga oo), de ile → de il(e)yu a y (pe o m an ac ion du ing de ile), ma iozi (ma ia man)
→ ma ioz(i)nyy. T imming o he c ea i e basis is also obse ed in he p ocess o c ea ing complex wo ds, i is
mos ly subjec o he i s c ea i e basis, o compa ison: anhliyskyy (English) + uk ayinskyy (Uk aininan) →
anhlo-uk ayinskyy (ins ead o anhlo(iysko)-uk ayinskyy).
In linguis ic p ac ice, he e a e wo main classes o de i a i es o med by he me hod o imming o he c ea i e
basis: nouns o med om nouns ( lyaga ← lyagschka ( lask), kolgo y ← kolgo ky ( igh s)); nouns o med om
adjec i es (p ymi y ← p ymi y nyy (p imi i e), no ma i e ← no ma i nyy, acul a i ← acul a i nyy (op ional
class), s a siona ← s a siona nyy (s a iona y), o i sioz ← o i sioznyy (o icial), eksklyuzy (exclusi e) ←
eksklyuzy nyy, as al ← as alnyy, dembel ← demobilizo anyy (demobilized soldie ), psych – psychichno
kh o yy (men ally ill), iole – iole o yy ( iole colo ). The lion’s sha e o hese de i a i es unc ions in o al
speech, mainly in you h slang, o compa ison: ma ginal ← ma ginalnyy, bisexual ← bisexualnyy, posi i ←
posi i nyy, nega i ← nega i nyy, usa ← uso ka (pa y), cons uc i ← cons uc i nyy.
Cu de i a i es a e lexically and seman ically he e ogeneous. These a e uncodi ied uni s ha deno e pe sons
(se g ← se gan (se gean ), uchilka ← uchi elka ( eache ), s udik ← s uden , an ← ana ), phenomena in he
educa ional p ocess (s ypuha ← s ypendia (schola ship), in a ← in o ma cya (in o ma ion), abi u a ←
abi u ien y (en an s)), echnical means (kondyo ← kondi cione (ai condi ione ), lesha ← leshka ( lash
d i e), comp ← compu e ), ins i u ions (uni e ← uni e si e (uni e si y)) e c.
I should be no ed ha imming is ac i a ed unde he in luence o g aphic abb e ia ions, in pa icula in you h
speech (schoolchild en and s uden s), o compa ison: phyz a (w i en phyz- a) ← phyzkul u a (physical
cul u e), uk . li . ← Uk ainian li e a u e.
The me hod o imming, isola ed by A.M. Nelyuba, has no ye acqui ed a gene ally accep ed e minological
cha ac e . I is no eco ded in mode n linguis ic encyclopedias and is no codi ied in dic iona ies o linguis ic
e ms. One o he easons is he labeling, a somewha colloquial one o he oken o he imming, and he e m
should be s ylis ically neu al.
CONCLUSION
Thus, in Uk ainian heo e ical de i a ology, he e m unca ion appea ed in connec ion wi h he need o
mo phophonological adap a ion o he phonemic end o he c ea i e basis wi h he phonemic beginning o he
wo d- o ming su ix in he p ocess o hei combina ion and he o ma ion o a new wo d. I was conside ed one
o he ypes o mu ual adap a ion o mo phemes, along wi h he al e na ion o phonemes and in e ixa ion du ing
a ix wo d o ma ion. Wi h his meaning i is codi ied bo h in wo d o ma ion and in wo d- o ming
mo phophonology. Isola ed a emp s o call he e m unca ion a sepa a e way in he a ixless Uk ainian wo d
o ma ion we e no suppo ed, appa en ly due o he es ablishmen o his e m wi h a mo phophonological
unc ion.
A cha ac e is ic ea u e o he o ma ion o Uk ainian wo d- o ming e minology associa ed wi h he cu ing o
( ejec ion) o pa o he c ea i e basis, was he iden i ica ion o he a ixless me hod (a ixless wo d o ma ion)
wi h he null su ix me hod, o ze o su ixa ion.
A he p esen s age o de elopmen o he heo y o wo d- o ma ion me hods, he use o a new e m o
imming is subs an ia ed o de ine an independen me hod o c ea ing new uni s - cu s, howe e , i has no ye
been codi ied. The main unc ions o imming a e he elimina ion o se e al consonan s ha complica e he
p onuncia ion o wo ds ha a e no ypical o he Uk ainian language o sound combina ions and su ixes o
c ea i e wo ds, ino ganic o he middle loca ion o he de i ed wo d.
REFERENCES
1. Bloom ield, L. (1968). Language. Moscow: P og ess. [in Russian].
2. Baudouin de Cou enay, I. A. (1963). Selec ed wo ks on gene al linguis ics. Moscow: Educa ion.
[in Russian].
3. Vinog ado , V. V. (1975). Ques ions o mode n Russian wo d o ma ion. Moscow: Educa ion. [in
Russian].
4. Vyho ane s, I. R., Ho odenska, K. H., & H yshchenko A. P. (1982). G amma o he Uk ainian
language. Kyi . [in Uk ainian].
5. Ganych, D. I., Oliynyk, I. S. (1985). Dic iona y o linguis ic e ms. Kyi : Highe School. [in
Uk ainian].
Jou nal o Educa o s, Teache s and T aine s JETT, Vol. 12 (3); ISSN: 1989-9572 121
6. Ho odenska, K. H., K a chenko, M. V. (1981). Wo d- o ming wo d s uc u e. Kyi : Scien i ic
opinion. [in Uk ainian].
7. Ho pynych, V. O. (1999). Mode n Uk ainian li e a y language. Mo phemics. Wo d o ma ion.
Mo phonology. Kyi : Highe School. [in Uk ainian].
8. Zhluk enko, Yu. A. (1958). Con e sion in mode n English as a mo phological and syn ac ic way
o wo d o ma ion. Ques ions o linguis ics, 5, 53–65.
9. Zemskaya, E. A. (1973). Mode n Russian language. Wo d o ma ion. Moscow: Educa ion. [in
Russian].
10. Klymenko, N. F. (2004). Apocopa. Uk ainian language. Encyclopedia. Kyi : Uk ainian
Encyclopedia Publishing House. [in Uk ainian].
11. Klymenko, N. F. (2004). T unca ion. Uk ainian language. Encyclopedia. Kyi : Uk ainian
Encyclopedia Publishing House. [in Uk ainian].
12. Ko alyk, I. (2007). The doc ine o wo d o ma ion. Selec ed wo ks / compile V. V. G eshchuk.
I ano-F anki sk – L i : Ci y. [in Uk ainian].
13. K a chenko, M. V. (1988). On he ques ion o he phenomenon o unca ion in Uk ainian wo d
o ma ion (in de i a i es o noun o igin). Uk ainian linguis ics. 1988, 15, 33–40.
14. Nelyuba, A. (2007). Phenomena o economy in he wo d- o ming nomina ion o he Uk ainian
language. Kha ki : Publishing House. [in Uk ainian].
15. Rusani sky, V. M, Pylynsky, M. M., & Ye molenko, S. Y. (1978). Uk ainian language. Kyi . [in
Uk ainian].
16. Wo d o ma ion o mode n Uk ainian li e a y language. (1979). Kyi : Scien i ic opinion. [in
Uk ainian].
17. T e e ich, L. M. (1980). Ze o su ixa ion o nouns in mode n Uk ainian. Uzhgo od. [in
Uk ainian].
18. Shansky, N. M. (1968). Essays on Russian wo d o ma ion. Moscow: Moscow S a e Uni e si y. [in
Russian].