„Siūlas“, „gija“, „verpalas“; „verpti“, „sukti“, „mesti“, „austi“

Jonas KLIMAVIČIUS Lithuanian Language Institute, Vilnius STRIPS, YARNS, YARN; Spin, twist, knit, weave For the memory Moms, Dads stepmoms, Eve Klimavičienės-Kvietkauskaitės iš The wheat bean, which at the buzzing circle the first saw the thread of my destiny, iš A. Liberia The Dictionary of Synonyms (V., 1980) provided: thread, thread, yarn (1961 m. A. Liberia "Lithuanian language synonyms dictionary" does not exist). Dominatr- — ix thread "what is spun", o yarn is not explained. This is the case in the current common language. Historically, ir terminologically, the picture is significantly different, more diverse. It is a difficult process to jo trace. You need to start with spinning. 1. yarn, yarn The name, as well as other ir synonyms, is widely used in various contexts. In Lithuania, only home spinning, lost the universal scale, has long disappeared, words fall, ir according to the poet Justino Marcinkevičius, po the broken threshold of his hometown or, fortunately, transferred to modern textiles. į To the words yarn, yarns of decay in living language (dialects) contributir ed to the — unification of yarn ir domestic — pirktiniy. Therefore, perhaps for twenty years now, the question of the perplexed iš expatriate village has been everywhere: Why are threads called yarn? The answer is simple: That spinning, it's yarn. Academician LKŽ XVIII, yarn in Žemaitija — Slnt, Grd, Stl means — ir 4. ‘spinning’ means: For yarn he earned bread ir for the tired M. Valanč [also verpel Tvr; Spinach Nt, Ggr; Verpone B 569, R, MZ, Pgg: N, spindle P. Skar; verpojé Kb, Mrc; verpatis Uzp, Ktk (and ‘spinning time’ Zmt); Spindle Ds, Tvr, Ktk, Aln, Sld; verpetė Tvr, Aln; webpsena Lnk, Trkn, Sts; Spindle Yes, so — options ir 21 highlanders. In this case, the first word of the sentence is the first word of 0 the second ir sentence, and the — second word of the third sentence is the second word of the first sentence. Further on, the yarn's Žemaitija meaning again — 1. ‘for spinning, spinning fibre’ Vks, Kv, DūnžZ, yarn Cairo, Sd, Brs, Krt (The yarn will spin i in the evenings Grd) | ir already on the highland side Vrt, also distant, isolated Dglš [also spinning Pl; spinning K II 196, spinning Rtn; spinning J; spinning Lel, Klt, Trgn, Rk, Vj; spinning Ut, Trgn, spinning Sug, Ds (spinning Dglš, Dkk); spinning Ilg, Slv, Nm, Gs, Brt, Kpc]. Perhaps the most widely used yarn in the meaning 2. „what is spun“ —east and west highlanders: Thick yarn —canvas nonwovens DKS. What the spinner, so the yarn GrS. The rich young lady: and all kinds of cloths, and all kinds of unwoven yarn brought Krs. In this sense yarns are also fixed from Zemaiciy —Als, although in Zemaiciy more common yarn —KI, End, as well as in uzzemaité —Skn and Grdz [also yarns B, Vd, Vr; verpelas Rod; Spinning Mills; spinning mills Klov; verpena V. Krév; spinning P¢; verpone B 460, MZ 230, N, K; verpélé N; veipaté Rev, Klt, Sv, Ds; spindle Sdk, Upp; verpastis Ds; spinning ppr. sing. Vrn, Ig, Rms, Graz, Kt, PamZ, Rs, Er, Kp]. A notable interesting attempt by foreign Lithuanians to terminate Zod is yarn —3. “a quantity of twisted and folded yarn of approximately two cubits in length”: The yarn was made up of 30 strands, divided into 30 pairs of yarn LE XXXIII 439. They were also used to spin and twist yarn: Three baths washed linen, twisted many PnmŽ. From hemp those yarns we spun Smln. I made a lot of spinning Klt. During the winter, they were often in the woods. The bridge is covered with a brick wall, and has a 14.52 m (52 ft) long, 14.5 m (52 ft) wide, 2.9 m (9 ft) high, 2.9 m (9 ft) high, and 2.9 m (9 ft) high staircase. Fold these yarns on the bow Snt (from LKZ VII). Yarns are distinguished and woven: Andarokai from white cloth, from linen yarn weave. Long, along the land LKT 393 (Brsl.) Isn’t it nice to see that Gryta already splits the yarn and bleaches the fabrics for the canvases of K. Donel. And the chrestomatical lines of Maironis’s “Young Lithuania”: The bright east no longer scatters the snow, only squeezes while taking his breath or weave yarn with clever fingers on the windows of the house. 22 O yarn to sew? No! No! No! The yarn is ‘what is spun’, o ne thread. Thread to sew. — Only then the meaning of the offer expanded. 2. yarn ir yarn The original meaning of the proposal probably was 2. "yarn ne over the longest end" LKŽ XII, perhaps simply a needle-punch- — „į ed end of yarn." O maybe ne yarn? Probably still yarn, because there is, although a rarity, yarn ir ir 2. // "Threads": Pull out. iš po Scissors, vė self-adhesive [broken] tą yarn Jd. Of course, the primitive antagonism yarn thread in living language «> has already been strongly neutralized (in terminology not; See for this, — 10 sk.): thread "sewing thread" almost turned into a whole ‘verpalu’ (similar to the needle "knitting thread" is now primarily ‘sewing thread’). Finally even sewing threads were found: Linuks should be spun like sewing threads Rt. Siumaviej [metathe- — sis of sounds iš sewing) threads Lz. Ir in the industry are sewing threads LTE X. So it is customary to spin ne only yarn, but threads: ir Grandma spin, thread thick Dbk. Shrink (i.e. twisted — twisted) yarn twisted spun — Klt. Aš I won't love a pear, I won't know how to spin yarn LTR (Brt). Linus need spinning in threads Inside. Spinning į the threads — ar that doesn't mean one iš way of spinning? A little bit more? 3. thread ir thread Very rarely spinning ir threads: Mom told me to spin thin threads RD 1 (LKZ XVIII). What a spin, such a thread ir Krkl (LKZ III). , Thinness” is also an inseparable feature of the meaning of thread: thread — 1. ‘thread of thin twisted yarn’ LKŽ XII. Gija — ‘weaving yarn’ SinZ, "weaving yarn" A. Sabal LKL 10, 1. ‘seam (ppr. weaving)- ’: Thread not o twisted, thread twisted J. Thread į worth a shield K I 416. A lot of threads, little wefts. Also: Separate threads for ir rounded weave J (LKZ I ,)- Ve, threads assigned on the weft, i.e. on a blanket J (LKZ VIII). There is still no complete clarity. Slightly adds thread "Thread for network work" 82, StngŽ threaded ‘deleted (about clothing) 23 21)": Sermage is very threaded in LC. Skais(t)gijos, although interpreted as "certain wool-coloured threads woven" in LKŽ XII, the use for weaving as examples does not show: Drobeles rėžo, marškinius siuva, skaistgijom aktavoja, silkkeliais drikavoja (i.e. peltakiuoja) Mrj. Linen tablecloth with bright quilted Klt. Other examples are: Margosios skaisgijos, or raibosios skaisgijos Ss. Beauty strips Mj. The etymology of the name is unclear, although it may be related to the word arrow. P. Skardžius derives both the word gysla and the word gija from gyti P. Skar LKŽD 165 and 48, but the thread, compared with vija (:vyti, veja, vio) and sija (:syti, syja, sijo), does not become clearer. In synchronous word formation, the suffix — sla is unknown. It is even more complicated when K. Būga links the words gija and geinys „metmenys“ K. Būga RR III 821. LKŽ III, geinys 2. ‘fabric scraps, yarn removed from wefts; drika“ is used by the northwestern eastern Highlanders Ps, Slm, Pn, Sml, Anč (gene Grž). "K-1 - 1". ‘a device to climb from ropes to a tree to see bees’ R 227, Lp, Rud, Mrc (genus Vrn), 3. “a bent stick to beat the ripper, to drive the pig to the manor; rhythm, muštukas“ Šd, Sml, Pc [also keinis (and keinys Ar) 1. Akm, Pp, Žg, Jnš, Škn, Pšš, Kdn, Srv (‘rod’ Sin, Vdk) ir keine Lk; even keinis 2. „kojokas“ Tt, Ll, keinius „Kreivakojis, kliSius“ LI, gal ir kéina „lauredis“ Dkst] and 4. „to tie or to twist thin trees in the water, to which a siel must be attached in order to unload it“ Klp (LKŽ V) is also related (K.Būg RR I 494) to genys 4. ‘a hook attached to the leg when climbing a tree or post; geidugiūiti, gena, ginė 1. ‘varying- ’, 2. „vyti“ DZ, (cf. Russian enams, Hcrugve, Greek hdnti „fly“); of the same root are also defend, defend, defended, graze, dispute, weapon —cf. and gang „obstinately ask, persuade“ Š, Ds, Svn and gang 1. “They are flowing; angry, argue” Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun, Sat, 2. „to attempt, to stalk“ Tsk. If yarns or threads are said to be woven, then it may have been woven as well, so geininys „weft“ would be clearly motivated — „a product woven from several (many) threads“ (geiniuoti Ln meaning „to shrink the fabric weft, to warp a loop into a loop; thread or rope in loops” is distant). This also raises questions about the thread's possible connection with gifs. It — and artificial! — clearly has a ‘protection’ line with fishing rods; therefore" Plng, GGA 1885, 24 937 ir gynas "thin rope" Plng. Could defend ar *gina, under the influence of the opposite member's thread, becomes a thread. 4. string ir thread word thread „metmenys“ interpretatir su ion of the related thread mayinterprmą etation perhaps based on the ir word thread another meaning, otherwise language users, synonyms interpreters disturbing — 3. ‘sruoga’, ‘tolka’: Remove the thread from the bow Pln. I bought wool yarn Dov (but M. Valanč). But it is just as copulative singular as a genitive! ir Ir the same as the thread of the spoken word (later: — yarn), like all synonym groups: fiber fiber — (flax), layer (hemp), scarf, strand (hair), persistent (flax), flat (Hair breaks, o bald leaves) SinZ. The meaning of this thread will probably be ir primary. Acquisition of singular words of copulative meaning in both numbers is quite an easy thing this, by the way, experienced word string — ir 4. "thread, thread" LKŽ XIII: Do not stretch — the fabric, at least one strand may break Lg. 5. spinti, sukti: driekti, leisti: trinti what is the original O meaning of the word spinti, how motivated? The most distant semantic past would bear witness to those spinning meanings, iš which are 13 related to the related word verti su — 4. "to make a hole, to pin, to penetrate": root spindle S. Dauk, 5. "cut (ppr. ką hard)", 6. "digging, hunting" // „kasant kelti, versti“ (plg. varpyti), 7. prk. „to rush, to 8. paddle“, refl. "to rise, to rise" (in the opposite direction!) — plg. penis, penis, vibrate, But then ... "the original value was ‘‘turn’’’ A. Sabal LKL 163, shows it 10. ‘to marry (ppr. strongly)“:, Blood is flowing, turning Tvr, "to throw"; 11. here inseparable spin (spin:spinning whirlwind:turning), vibrate, bell. = So spin 1. ‘to make threads by spinning the fibre’ (all iš LKŽ XVIII) most clearly motivated — ‘turn’. The motivation of spinning is clearly seen in the ir iš live language of the vedic polar meanings — related to su spinning ir not related su to spinning, o only su spinning, e.g.: spindle 1. "antique spinning tool shaft — spindle su [for sewing] ar zabarzde’: Spins like da a spindle 25 LTR (Ds) [taip pat verpsta, verpstis, verpstukas, verpstukė, verpstelis, verpstelė, | verpsčiukas, verpstaitė; spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle) spindle ir 6. „perpendicular iron anchored in the lower stone of the mill, on which the upper girnapusé rotates” [also varpscia, varpčias, varpsta, varpstas, varpstis, varpčiukas, varpstelė, varpstikė; verpstė, verpstas, verpstis, verpstukas, verpsčiukas, verpstelė, verpsnė, verpėnė; oscillation LKA I 141], 7. “a cross bar is fitted in the hole of the upper milling side, on which the upper stone is supported; bud" [also varptė, varpstis, varpstelė, varpstikė; spindle, spindle; oscillator LKA I 141], 8. ‘device (ppr. stick with a su rope) to the iron fixed in the lower millstone, which lifts the lowered upper millstone; "Skutis" ar [also spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle; spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle, spindle vibrations LKA I 1391, 9. ,,rod for hand mills, milling [also verpsté, verpste, varpstys LKA I 137], 11. ‘wheel axle’ K I 38, II 119 [also spindle Prn, spindle Kel, spindle Kel, Vd —LKZ XVIII]. The importance of the motivation of the name spinning is recalled and emphasized again by industrial textiles: yarn —“threads consisting of twisted or glued fiber hairs” LTE XII 176 (see also Figure 10). The motivation of spinning is confirmed by the rare (now!) synonym spinning: It ends up spinning a pile SinZ. 17th century BC. // „spin, make a thread out of a fiber": Linus spinns, 0 hemp turns Vilkv. That's how your mother made Rod spin. Da have a circle, da suku Grdz; twisted 9. //‘spun’ MI, Lp; screw 6. //“force” Dg. Now to twist (thread) — is “to twist twisted thread”: Twisted thread is heavier than single-threaded J. Jabl; twisted yarns Lkv, Km, OG, twisted weaving Klp, twisted milling Šts, twisted divon Lkv, T1; dktv. ‘fabric of twisted yarns of different colours’ Prk, BzF 179. Spinning motivation, manding, has and frinti 20. ‘wrapping with threads (sheivas)’: sheivas rubbed //‘wrapping (threads into sheivas)’: rubbed into sheivas/on sheivas. However, spinning is only the final operation of spinning, and the thread must be made first. It may also depend on the fiber content of the yarn, one kind of wool, another linen; spinners used to say that even the yarn of knotted and dipped linen differs. That offer making, apart from peeling the peg, maybe always named. 26 ne ir But something is significant. Here we go. 1. "continue, pull, pull (what is long, continuous, formless- )” are typical sentences of living language: Why do you spin so thin? Slm. Also: Too much nudriekei (thin suverpei) will be — weak Slm. This may not be some commemorative sayings, o ancient remnants, because it is the ir equivalent of the spontaneo- — us action drykti 3. „irti, driksti“: Wool itself drikst į yarns, no need to fix, that nė warm trout yr spinning Varn. Maybe like a spider: A spider stretches its thread on the iš deck of a table Š (only the spider does not spin). But the spinner has another ir string: drieka 1. sing. "part of the plant suitable for weaving fabrics, fiber, fibre": This year the flax will be good drieka Uv, triggerfish 1. ‘pakulos’ Vz, Krkl, Sts // "flax ar hemp fibre for rope, layer" Pln (LKŽ II,). The spider ir throws the ir thread, — likewise the spinner throws VI. 2. // “regulating, ti ką moving forward; determine the nature of the action": Don't let the lų (spinning) — will not be strong stitch Sts. Spin, daughter, don't į be lazy, keep looking at the spindle. Don't leave the thread too thick, don't stick, don't twist RD 91 (LKŽ VII). Sewing, fixing, gluing are — only auxiliary actions of making a stitch. So it can be fairly firmly asserted that extending (enable) +spin = spin. Iš offers quality-determining spinning synonyms - sliėkti (thin spinning), burbūlyti (thick spinning), Zarndti (thick, ugly spinning), gurgolinti (uneven, bulging spinning) SinZ all — identify clearly wrong spinning, more distinguishes only sliekti J, Rdm, Al, Lp, Lš, plg. still sliekė "very thinly spun thread" of another Lš ir dialect lsliekinis 3. „thin, long, snail-shaped“: Janson’s wool-heater used to heat the wool with snail-shair ped ripples Brz, still other sliekūotas — 3. ‘fibrous, brushed, striated, ruffled’: wool, ruffled Sts (LKŽ XIII). 6. drieka ir drika Driekti spinning ar yarn can already spinning yarn, but it is possible ir to threads drieka, threads can stretch. LKŽ II, drieka 3. ‘a certain quantity, pinch’ actually represents iš fibre; threads, ne strands: o Driekelę threads brought I borrowed Here. Gijos (srugos — J. K. ) threes Angry. Par platus audeklas — atskirk koki driekq (metmeny — J. K.) Skd. 27 Now again let's go back to stretch 1. „continue, pull, pull (what is long, continuous, formless)“ LKŽ II. Here is a noteworthy sentence: I stretch threads into the drika, rushing on the scales J. And here is already a straight path to the derivative of the limb drika 1. ppr. sing. „apmatai, wefts“: On the weft stitch the weft, i.e. the weft J. Help me to remove the weft from the wefts Skdv (also Gr, Šlv, Up, Trg, GI) [2. sing. „weft fiber where it does not fit into the weft, weft“ J, Sk, Slv and Plng, Pit (plotai | both Sonus from drika 1), 3. „a certain number of threads in the weft, verse“: Tolka gijų tur daug driky J]. Drieka and drika have similar meanings to,audeklui” —drieka 2. sing. ‘netting’ Vrd, drika 4. ‘network node’ Slv, Vrd, Varn, Lk. Obviously, next to the orderly i8driky driekos, drikos (and drikés,peltakio, siūlės“ Gs, Ldvn, Sn, Lnkl) there are the irregular ones —draikai, draikiali, (pa)draikés, (pa)draikos, drykés, e.g. and *driekotis 2. „taršytis, veltis“: This year the scarf of flax is bad —very stretched Kal. 7. throw —wove, wefts —fabric, crafts —crafts Although there are still the words geinys and drika "wefts", but there is no longer *geinį ginti and *drikq driekti, but only throw them: Twelve walls geinį užsimečiau Sml (LKŽ III). The throwner throws driks on the gauges J (LKZ II 2) LKZ VIII throw 15. „to wrap on mestivy or on the wall wefts of cloth” [also apmest 5., iemest 7., izmest 17., uzspiest 12. refl., throw 13., 14., throw 17. |: I fired several bows in the shooting range Kiok. Of course, to throw is said not only wefts, but also threads, threads, and weaving, fabric. As for the motivation to quit 15. two things can be said. First, tossing is motivated by the release of threads—- tossing and releasing are synonyms. Secondly, toss, which now seems like a messy, careless action, has a number of "tidy" meanings, e.g.: toss 3. “Throwing, throwing into the water (net, fishing rod, anchor)”, 5. /I „to put (beetroots) for cooking“ Ktk, //„to make (a pile), to load“: cone thrown Tvr, Lz, 16. „to put, to pull (a bow on a barrel)“ Stk, Sts, throw 2. ‘planting (throwing one potato at a time)’ Lp, 7. „sew, plaster the edge” Vvr, discard 10. ‘unload (loaded carriage- )’, drop 10. „help, appoint, support for any purpose- “: Drop seeds bulby 28 Shut up, you know. 3. // "the bitter winter (vegetables)’ Vdš, Trgn, Užp, Metmenys ... (metmenes, metmens), also metmenos, metmenai, metmenys used by the Altay people. There is ir a squad weapon: And, assigned threads on the meter, i.e. on a blanket J. Possible thing that it is a primitive form as a coated yarn, yarn, thread, strand, Eastern Highlands ... area In the narrow west there are apmatai apmatai (0 — ‘Separately woven yarn’ means: Apmatas suktas Pc). Known places in Zemgalis Y1, Krkl, Stk, Brs (and K)i ir crafts Erzh, apmetalai Klp, covered Ping (annual) Rod), ir BB — Plasterers ir (LKZ L). Uncommonly used non-prepositional nouns Uzp, Sl, fabrics Dv. The highest ir point is ir known as Snæfellsjökull. — Krkl, Brs, Erz (,,ataudy siūlas“ — weave Grg, Ds), ordos (genus as — threads) western — Dzūkijos, woven Plng, weaving yarn Bsg (LKŽ L.). Uniform system wefts — fabrics may be very rare, more frequently crafts (spun) — woven (audience). The most common, ir established in common language uneven system — wefts weave. Not including others: A lot of threads, little weave (LKŽ III); t.p. system su drika, geiniu. Canvas, a fabric made up of iš warp ir wefts, but woven is often the opposite of cast: He weaves himself, he throws himself (Lying) B (LKŽ L,). It should be noted that: Fabrics weave a cloth Az (=Azr) (LKZ 1) The primary motivation for weaving is not quite clear, but the connection with su weaving, beating, hitting is undeniable — — 2. "beat, peel, heat" // “hitting”, 3. “kicking”, “shooting”, “coughing”. 4. 9. Tą interface is strongly ir supported by the machine striker. Ir mušti 4. „daužyti, tvoti“ is illustrated by the following sentence: nemokėsiustaklelėm ir mušti Aš (weave) LTR (Glv). Do not forget that (pri)hit is the final action first need — shooter (shotgun, ...) weft shoot, shoot: Sauna In the bathroom, then beat me up with a beater Prn. One hand shooting [shooter- ], another beating [screaming] Lp (LKŽ XIV). Shooting motivation could be „kišti, grūsti“ (plg. A. Sabal LKL 139), o next value 6. "beat, blast" may have been found ir ne through weaving [shot 6. ‘to be pressed (with hammers)’ MI ar withdrawn 6. // ‘while weaving (thread)’ 29