Kodėl „bombomis“ „bombarduoja“

Jonas Institute of Lithuanian Language WHY BOMBOMIS BOMBARDERS This is an old, obsessively raised question, unfortunately, still unanswered, worthy of a o broader look only designated, ne but į ir į denotated microsystems and their changes. 1. From artillery to aviation: bomba bombarda, ir bomba bombardar ir But first meant earlier — ką ir ką means now bomb bombing? ir Jurgio Šlapelio 1907 m. SNŽZ bombarded — ‘Of armored vehicles [i.e. cannons] shoot", o the bomb is — double: "armored kulipka; a iš hand-thrown kulipka, used mainly <...> to kill tall but ugly people.” Ir now in the world terrorists everywhere help, push (or even throw) a bomb; only In — Lithuania explosive, o this kind of bomb is — unusual. Hand-thrown ordinary people now imagine only a grenade, although the real grenade is grainy iš (lot. granate — granulated) bomb. There is no SNŽZ grenade in o the (prepared by the Ministry of National Defence) Petro Russia) KarZ is 1919 not a bomb —yra tik granata fugo ir granata dhyzacnas — epanama. M. ir S. 1923 m. "Bombing" means "firing with armored vehicles", o there are neither bombs nor grenades. J. Norkaus 1924 m. SNZZ is neither bombed, bombs, nor grenades. 1927 m. published in the popular encyclopedic dictionary "Read me. Aš I know everything. Everyone needs a dictionary. Untuli's collected" bombing is "abundant iš shooting of armies" (123). For the ir lexicographical encyclopedic history of the bomb important 1936 m. The Enc bomb IV is described as: "XV-XVII bombs a. artillery ball-shaped hollow projectiles, loaded with gunpowder: initially the bombs were used in <...>. Iš mortars; <...>. <...>. In the a. middle of the 19th century, bombs were called artillery shells, the weight of which reported 40 pounds. <...>. Hand grenades and mines are also called bombs. 29 <...>. A particular type of bomb is aviation bombs. They are thrown from the plane <...>" (as in LE III). A mortar is a large-caliber, short-bore artillery gun that fires at an angle of 50–75°. <...>“ LTE VIII. The bombing of Enc IV is merely "heavy and concentrated artillery fire" (LE III — already "bombing from planes"). The opposite is the TZZ 1936: bomb — still only "artillery or hand-held explosive projectile- ", and bombing has already a dual meaning — "to fire on the enemy with artillery shells or to drop bombs from an airplane". The origin and original meaning of the word bombard, although earlier "bombarded" from mortars, is clear from another cannon —bombarda — 1. ‘artillery gun’ TZ7 1936, ‘a gun firing bombs, stone or metal ball-shaped projectiles (...). Most commonly used in the 14th-16th centuries.” Enc IV („1381 the crusaders supposedly first used bombardas in the siege of the castle of Trakai“ LE III). The first bombarda (French bombarde) was a medieval catapulta [Latin catapulta —1) "arrow-thrower, spear-thrower", 2) "projectile" < gr. katapeltes "arrow-thrower") — a siege stone launcher, and XV-XVII 2. bombarda — "trap-pipe cannon, firing stone or iron projectiles". 1936: Bombing of 2. “a double-masted Mediterranean merchant ship” is not very clear (but not very important). It is the most commonly used bomb 3. „organ bass pipe“ and bombardon „antique brass wind instrument“ TŽZ 1936. Enc IV strangely presents —bombardo (-nas) —„obsolete (mostly 16th century) wooden wind instrument, trumpet family, of varying sizes. He was replaced by Fawcett. "Bombardier B-17 Flying Fortress: The Bomber (Bombardier B-17 Flying Fortress: The Bomber)" (PDF). 1985: 2nd place. „wooden wind instrument muz. instrument, prototype bassoon’; 3. "an organ register that produces a very loud sound". 1975: Attack of the D-Day. woodwind muz. instrument, the prototype of the bassoon. There were various types of bombards: bass (cf. bombardone, Doppelguint-bombart- ), tenor (cf. b. piccolo, Basset-bombart), soprano (cf. bombardino) and alto (cf. b. piccolo)." 2) “the voice of the organ 30 su In tongues 16“ or tubes 32“ (plg. French. bombarde, vok. Posanne)", o bombardonas — zr. Bomber. Clarity gives lot. bombs “buzz, hum; gaudesys, gausmas“< gr. the “low tone” of the bomb. It is probably named after the sound in the Latin nomenclature bombus "kamane, bombyx "silkworm, bombyliidae flies swimmers, bombina frog cowmoth. — — However, there is no evidence of a su 17th-century castle on the hill. ar (< bardun < vid. vok. height. pardune). This is not the only artillery musicality (or musical artillery) case plg. — bazuka (English) bazooka) "A US Army anti-tank weapon. <...>. <...>. Bazooka fires rocket shells. — — — The bazooka is fired from a standing, kneeling or lying position. The ir bazooka has a telescopic sight. <..>‘LE II,,, US anti-tank jet grenade launcher’ TZZ 1985 (1942 m. consumed in Africa, 1952-1953 m. Korea) ir „primitive wind music. instrument used by American comedian Bobo Burnso (m. 1956)“ SWO 1978 (nothing to do with the Greek stringed musical instrument buzūkis). Bomb-related and cotton "can lid and bottom bulging from gas, TŽŽ <...>“ 1985 (also polk. bombastyczny, vok. bombastisch —liet. pompous “artificially solemn, glamorous, luxurious” DZ, i.e. inflated). The first of these was the use of bombs to fire the — bombs. In 1941, the LKZ I, puts only the cross-marked, i.e. unpresentable (sl.) bomb, and does not submit to bombing at all. Bomba (and pron. bomba) (also marked sheet, but without cross) “explosive weapon, grenade”, so the interpretation is quite clear, but one sentence is already like aviation: Bombas meta Pn. The scripture adjective bomby, interpretation only ne indicative — — — bomb, but ambiguity iš of — sentences: The great bomb conspiracy was started. German bombers. [Bombing is not common now —there is only WarZ 1995 bomb aviation weaponry, neither o DZ. to net No LCI; is I, already mini KarZ 1995 ir —mininé laivy armament.) Following with the marks neol. and pp. inserted the verb bombuoti "to throw bombs", but already hands: ne iš 31 Normally bomb planes bombers. The logical chemist Kazys Daukšas passionately wanted to bomb this at the meetings of the Lithuanian language section and elsewhere. However, the language confirmed its inherent conservatism and the irrelevance of formal logic in this case as well — in 1968 LKŽ L, already bombarduoti see bombarduoti, although this time the example is not even given from writings, but from living language: Šaudė, bombavo visą dieną Sts. The Germans bombarded the town. There is also bombesys from the living language: Kad užeis bombesys, eisma į duobes Rt. The LKZ I, bombarding, is interpreted mutually — "to shoot the enemy with artillery shells or bombard with bombs from an airplane". And the bomb — in a more mutual sense: "explosive projectile (hand-held, cannon or dropped from an airplane), <...>" The change in the meaning of the bomb lasted about 3 decades. TŽZ 1951 bomb was still two-fold —“Explosive projectile, hand-held, cannon or dropped from an airplane”, and TŽZ 1969 only 1) “Explosive projectile [0 2) volcanic bombs —“pieces of lava thrown during a volcanic eruption <...>”; Enc IV bomb volcano —,, during the eruption of a volcano thrown out from sometimes up to 2.000 — 3.000 m high lava bubbles, which spinning in the air, until they fall to the ground, cool and take on a round elongated shape, usually the size of a human fist or head“). Bombardment TZZ 1951 — "fire from artillery guns or dropping of bombs from aircraft", TZZ 1969 — and so on. 1954 DŽ, bomb also "artillery, aviation, etc. explosive projectile", bombard — "firing on the enemy with artillery shells or bombarding with bombs from an airplane"; o 1972 DZ, the bomb is already primarily "aviation and other explosive projectile", "bombardioii= —Already "to bombard the enemy or its territory with bombs from an airplane". TŽZ 1985 already almost everything the aviation takes from the artillery: bomb 1. ‘explosive projectile dropped from an aircraft or any explosive charge’ (2. geol. „<...>“), bomb only — "throw bombs on iš planes". Yes ir DŽ, —bomb "explosive device", bombarded "bomb-thrown from aircraft". And the school edition of TŽZ 1995 and 1998 — exactly the same. LTE II in 1977 to the main variant of the bomb attributes aerial bomb, but for a completely different reason: 32 Submarines are bombarded with depth bombs there, depth bombs o LTE IV There are aviation (metal iš aircraft) ir shipyards. Antano Smetonos A bomb 1995 from the war, too. —1) ‘one type iš of aviation ammunition’ (but is a subspeciir es of aviation bomb) ir 2) ‘anti-submarine missile’ su depth bomb. — 2. grenade ir bomb First of all, let 's remember the fugue grenade. KarŽ 1919. Ir almost everywhere grenade is assigned to artillery (although there ir are handbags): grenade — ‘Artillery shell’ TŽŽ 1936; “Grenade artillery is used to fight live targets, dismantle field equipment, fire artillery, šo etc. ir Grenades are of various types of purpose: ir anti-armour, Sautuviniy, handheld, etc. ir <...>“ Enc IX. The philological dictionaries distinguish the following meanings: granate 1. "artillery projectile": Iš grenade shot, Prussian walls demolished JD 1095, 2. "hand-held ar iš rifle-thrown infantry explosive weapon" LKŽ III; 1. ‘Hand-held explosive projectile’, ‘artillery 2. projectile’ (DŽ, — 1. psn. "artillery projectile"- ), only DG, apibendrinta — 1. Car. "explosive weapon" sport. (2. ‘Projectile’: projectile, bullet, projectile 3. (projectile); weapon Here we ir have already experienced that a grenade is a bullet, a projectile, even a weapon. — ir Another ir bullet: grenade — “Ammunition with splinters, fire, chemical and biological means to fight ir humans for technical destruction. Grenades are ir divided according to the method of use hand grenades grenade launcher grenades — (grenade launcher projectile, rifle ir grenade); <...>“ It turns 1995. out that hand grenade ir ammunition... — Ir bomba — tai ‘explosive projectile fired from an iš aircraft’ LTE II, or 1) “one type iš of aviation ammunition” KarZ it 1995, again 2) "submarine combat su weapon" KarŽ 1995. 33 Bullet First (already Jono Jablonskio ir et al.) had ir somehow remained, even after the — game ball was — introduced at least in sports (and also for a biplane!..), “a rubber toy, 1. inflated Air balloon’ DZ, DZ, just ar 1. »~Playing ball“ DZ,, LKZ XIV, just right. 2. ‘Cannon projectile’ DZ,, DZ,, LKZ XIV ar ‘Cannon ammunition’ DZ. However, ir the hand grenade ar hand spear could be a projectile. LKZ. XIV is Jeronimo Rally Remake Rocket "what is thrown" iš Homer Translation of "Odyssey": After showing off with projectile throwing, jumping high, agility, they started to dance. LKZ XIV unrecorded phrase used by Alfonso Nyka-Niliūnas in his translation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet: To be or ar not to be, — that's the question. Ir if gi yr nobler: to ar endure in spirit | Strength- - en the ir bullets of cruel fate, take up ar arms against the seas of calamity to end / Ir them in battle? (cit. iš LA 1997 95 5). Jau KarZ is a 1919 projectile — cnapsds. Ir KarZ 1995 projectile (artillery projectile) — ‘p.g. Parts of artillery ammunition <...>“. So the cannon (artillery) is a projectile, it has a projectile (or the projectile itself is a whole projectile- ); rifle bullet, has a bullet; — aviation ammunition, plg. : o Ammuniti- — on includes: artillery shells, jet shells, torpedo missile combat parts, small arms ir šo - nails, grenades, mines, bombs, explosives, chimneys KarZ 1995. Ar grenade, bomb can be a weapon? ir Can: a weapon — “means ir devices to destroy jo the enemy, equipment, ir equipment structures ir during combat. It iš consists priemonių ir jų of means of transportation of destruction to the target. More sophisticated weapons still have control applications ir devices. <...>“ KarŽ 1995. Very nicely described: granata — 1. ‘explosive firearm or firearm: <...>’ OJ 1985. 4. Bomber, grenade launcher, mortar, machine gun; flame-thrower, gas-thrower; Javelin Just trivially thinking the bomb is now only "explosive lightning thrown - from an aircraft" iš LTE II. 1998-1999 However, already KarZ is a bomber 1919 for bomber bombers — ir — 60m60memuuxs. 34 1932 m. BŽ 250 is a variant bomber (mopmupa mortira, — bomber). 1936 m. Enc bomber IV — ‘a type of close-fired artillery. <...>. It is very similar to a mortar in its design, but differs in that the į explosive charge in the bomb weighs more than a kilogram. ne 4 Bomber's trajectories are extremely irregular. The main goal of the jų game is to shoot the enemy in the trenches. Bomber design is very simple; shooting distance: older systems up to 300 m, newer ne than 1.000 m. Jų svoris also small”. 1941 m. LKŽ I, bombshell see. — Bomber, o Bomber see — Bomber "Bomb-throwing gun"; although the sentence hardly confirms this: Running Abyssinians are followed by Italian bombers, the bomber clearly aviation: o — "what blows (airborne) bomb’. Most likely, this is an inaccuracy of editing. Bomber is still 1948 m. RZ. LKŽ L iS essentially repeats LKZ only I, removes the contradiction: bombosvaidinin= kas — "who shoots bombers" iš (without sentences). 1967 m. BŽ I clearly stated: 6ombomemuux —bomber, bomber (pilot), but probably clearly wrong, because 6ombomem — bomber, bomber. Even further stepped the į objection RLKŽ I: bombomemuux — kar. bomber (pilot), bomb thrower, although bombomem This is quite different — (naval) bomber (see section 4.4). sk. 6). 1940 m. Enc is a IX grenade launcher — “butter for grenade shells. A rifle used for this purpose (for shot grenades), <...>“. 1956 m. LE VII in its entirety ‘granatology’. Grenade artillery, however, was later: "The first small grenades appeared Early 16th a. century. <...> <...>. Pomegranate began to be widely used only In the a. 18th century, the gun was replaced by a grenade launcher. In the past, to the name was used for round ir explosive sub-howitzer shells, bomb kų ir mortar shells. — After administration In the middle a. of the 19th century, su artillery ir engraved elongated projectiles, the grenade to became an almost universal projectile.” LE VII (grenade). Here the grenade ir bomb is given, o 1976 m. LTE I — not: "XVI a. appeared explosives [artillery] projectiles, referred to as grenades and bombs’ (369). Continue LE VII grenade cannon called more — precisely grenade cannon ir explained: ‘without grooves entered XVIII specially a. designed to fire 35 explosive projectiles at direct targets. First G. P. [so grenade cannon? — J. K.] appeared in Russia (Suvalov construction). Later It remained in 1851. <..>. <...>. <...> service until the arrival of artillery. <...>“. Historically later grenade launcher — “a grenade launcher. <...>. Po diamonds [rusų ir Japanese 1904-1905] were constructed several types of light guns, which received the name of grenade launcher. They shot at short distances had a very (200-300 m) ir smooth trajectory. <...>. <...>. The tubes are short. <...>. They were designed to be lightweight and mi easy to carry. The grenades were very short-lived. Step by I step. the war 1914-1918 they were little used. They were driven out by a minesweeper." Ir LTE IV 1978 m. similarly: "Shotgun grenade launchers were slightly used during I ir II world. war, but did not spread further“, but adds new information: “Around II the world. War spread hand grenade launchers" . Although the grenade cannon LTE is not, but is IV assigned grenade launcher artillery ir grenade. Now established form grenade launcher Dž DŽ , (nors 1984 m. PolZ ‘granatwerfer’) — as a ir pomegranate. DZ, is a grenade ir launcher "who shoots a grenade iš launcher." Enc is a IX grenade ir launcher, "a fighter specially trained to launch grenades." It could also be a sportsman grenadier (cf. javelin thrown, disc thrown, ball thrown). The mortar was created In Russia during 1904-05 Russian-Japanese War (led by L. Gobiata)’ LTE VII (nors LTE I artillery article: Mitchman „1904 S. "Vlasiev invented the mortar". Mortar — ‘A groundless artillery gun firing mines at a high angle of the (45—85*) tube’ LTE VII. It states: “The Lithuanian army used 81 mm Finnish mortars; <...>“. In fact, the mortar "mine-throwing gun" was recorded in TZZ 1936. In 1948, RZ is a mortar and minesweeper. DZ — mortar and mortar "mine-throwing gun", LE XVIII mortar — "infantry firearm in the form of a simplified cannon. <...> 2000, the use of cyclospoI rine has been increased in the United States. kare”. Article XIII of the U.S. Constitution states: "The first machine guns appeared in the military during the American 36 vo War of 1870–1871. They're not perfect. <...>. The first automatic machine gun was invented Sir Hiram Maxim (1840—-1916)“. KarZ is: 1919 nysemems machine gun, — though nyna kulipka. — Jono Jablonski's — machine gun. The — simplest word in this series. Flamethrower — “close-range offensive weapon. The flamethrower consists of fuel tanks, a tank for compressed air or other gas, a fuel hose, a nozzle with su ignition ir devices and other ir accessories: <...>. The first time the flamethrower was used by the Germans against the French at Verduno. — — — 17-kai German flamethrower surrendered captivity French" 1900 LE XIV. Flamethrower fixed 1937 m. Enc V 247, but still 1926 m. poet Salys Šemerys published a collection of poems "Flamethrower to burn hearts". Has a ir flamethrower to destroy weeds LA 1999 185 12. How similar gas gun — “a gun designed to fire gas-filled projectiles, mines. Gas cannons set hundreds, sometimes thousands, loaded with mi po gas mines ir su all of them are fired iš at once. <...> releases so much gas that it contaminair tes the air so thickly that gas masks often do nė not help. <...>. Gas cannons, as a means of gas warfare, were first introduced and used by the English ir against the Germans” 1917 Enc VII (1939). Similar to ir LE V (1955) gas cannon. LTE III clarifies ir the ir concept, history: gas gun — "a weapon that ejects poisonous ir radioactive gas, liquid, emulsion solid dust. ar <...>. The gas cannon was used for the first time by the German army 1915. IV. 22 2005-2006 The Ypres River against the English ir and French. <...>“. Perhaps the most recent is to name an object of the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) spear, — Aboriginal, Indian, etc. ir primitive device used in the ir Middle Ages In Europe through the siege of fortresses LTE IV (pav.), DZ. The issue of the fluctuating form of the structure is solved differentially — 1) Grammatical meaning of the tool bombshoot, machine gun, ir etc. mentioned above (:svaidyti) — be vowel changes, 2) games water polo, psn. basket-ball basketball ir airplane ‘network’ (:sviesti) — su change of vowels [therefore tech. water cannon — hydromonitori- = us water cannon (eodomem) PolŽ,J]. 37