Kompiuterio spalvų terminai

Giedrė FLEDŽINSKIENĖ, Angelė "The 100 Years of Valerijonas ZALKAUSKASTM Vilnius Academy of Arts Institute of Lithuanian Language “* Vilnius University COMPUTER COLOR TERMS Nature has endowed man with the most complex visual organ – the eyes. — Amazing eye adaptability The ratio of the highest — to the ir lowest visual intensity of the human eye reaches one million. Man distinguishes thousands of shades. Most birds, fish and ir even insects also distinguish colors. Bees see even in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, so they distinguish objects that are painted with lead-zinc whites. ir But all ne mammals distinguish colors. It is believed that dogs do not distinguish colors, but they have a much better sense of smell. Individual people have different visions, so it is not easy to define the concept of a particular color. Be of this, colors can have an aesthetic, ir emotional ir psychologiar cal effect. Like many nations in the world, ir Lithuanians have words for naming the basic colors of the spectrum. (1 To the main spavų — red, yellow, green, azure blue sometimes ir also — assigned intermediate orange color. The ir intermediate colors of the spectrum are usually named by ir words. du Iš tables show how you can name intermediate spectrum colors (yellow-green) shades ir (yellowish-- green, greenish-yellow). Often the names of the colors are su associated with lazurite, ir turquoise, ruby, etc. the names of minerals or plants. In Lithuanian, shades of colours are usually described in three ways: by adverbs made of adjectives denoting 1) colours (blue-green); iš word shade adjective 2)) ir (or noun) originators (blueish green); prepositional construction su (green su with a bluish tint). These names differ only in form. Rich color ir names are possible, e.g.: dark red, dark yellow, light yellow, dark green, light green, dark beige, light blue, dark gray, light gray, etc. ir Be of the different shades of color are often used suffixes ir -inis, -ė adjectives, e.g.: lilac, (olive -ė blossom color), raspberry, (raspberry -ė berry color, light red), amber, (amber color), (rose blossom color), -ė cherry, (cherry rožinis, -ė berry color) etc. -ė ir 1 table Light spectrum wavelength of the primary ir color jo Wavelength Color name Ultraviolet A ~ 445 nm Violet A ~ 475 nm Blue Blue-cyan Blue-cyan A ~ 510 nm Blue-cyan Blue-cyan Green-cyan A~ 545 nm Zalia Yellowish green Yellow green Greenish yellow A ~ 580 nm Yellow Pinky yellow A ~ 600 nm Orange Yellowish red A ~ 640 nm Red Infrared 10 Several thousand color names can be found in foreign color name po dictionaries [1]. There are standards ir for color naming, which define the names of individual colors precisely. We do not yet have comprehensive dictionaries or standards for color names. Each color system is based on three base numbers that define a particular color. In art and design, yellow, red, blue, etc. are used. ir English. Yellow-Read-Blue, a color scheme of this, still used [1]. Be yellow, purple, blue, etc. ir English. Yellow-Magenta-Cyan, color scheme. Here, the first parameter is always yellow. When mixing pigments of these colors, any color of the palette is obtained. The color that dominates in one of ar the other colors of the palette is called the color tone. English. color tone, nuances of o a color are called shades, e.g. blue-green. The names of color tones usually coincide with the names of the basic su colors of the spectrum. On television in ir computing most common RŽM red, — green blue, plg. ir English. R.G.B. — Read-Green-Blue, color scheme. These colors form the basic color triangle. Quantities of reference colors, as certain physical quantities, were proposed to be called red (English) Read level), green (English) Green level) blue ir (English) Blue level) [2]. Then, say, the salad color can be described as a color, having red, green 6096 10096 ir 2096 grey. By the way, in the Windows operating system, color quantities ne are measured in o percentages, certain conditional numbers that range from to units. 0 255 When po 255 mixing pieces of red, ir green blue, ma getswhite color. When po mixing exactly two basic colors, an intermediate color is iš obtained: ir red green — yellow, iš green blue ir cyan. — Especially magical color comes out when mixing the edge colors of the — spectrum ir red blue. These colors are not in the solar spectrum. In English je computer literature ji usually referred to as "Magenta" [3]. The Lithuanian equivalent of this color would be pink, purple or violet. However, physicists associate violet color only with the edge of blue, su which begins invisible na ultraviolet. už Therefore, the adjective purplish, -ė, would be better suited to name the above-mentioned color. 11 The three intermediate colors—cyan, magenta, and yellow—make up the second, less commonly used, base color group. C.M.Y. —CyanMagenta-Yellow, the scheme. The terms cyan, magenta and yellow have been proposed to define the quantities of these colors. By the way, these three colors and black are used in color inkjet printers. Therefore, it is still possible to detect CMYs — cyan, magenta, yellow and black, cf. CM.Y.K. —Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-bleaK, color scheme. The third in computing is AGS of shade, pure (or saturation) and brightness (light), cf. H.S.B. -Hue-Saturation-- Brightness (Luminance), color scheme. The first parameter changes as the cursor crosses horizontally in the Windows color palette (Figure 1). Pure colors are in the upper part of the fly (pure = 255). Moving the veil down, the net decreases. At the very bottom, where the net equals zero, there is a gray color. The brightness of the color is adjusted by changing the brightness value of the individual column. No. No. EI Standard custom | Preview Hue: [74 2 Red: [79 2]: Sat[237 2 Greens 3 Lum: [i 33 a Blue: Ei a Current Color Figure 1: Windows color flyer Table of basic 12 Only one brightness parameter is sufficient to describe gray. There is no more color tone here. The shade parameter is not important for gray. Often the gray tone is not described by brightness, but, on the contrary, by grayness percentage. The term gray scale, gray level, is proposed to describe this size. In Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT, the six basic colors are considered primary colors (Table 2). These colors have names in Windows. In addition to these basic colors, the Windows graphics editor Paint allows you to choose a color from the 48 Basic Colors palette. The colors of this palette do not yet have their names. By the way, this palette is not used in Microsoft Office programs. 2 Windows colors, their composition and their English equivalents English | Lithuanian | Rau-| Green | Mėls |Atspal-| Grynis | SkaisRed Red 255 0 0 0 255 128 Green Zalia 0 255-40 85 255.128 Blue Blue 0 0 255 170 255 128 Yellow Yellow 255 255 0 42 253 pavadinimas | pavadinimas | donis vis tis 128 Cyan Zydra 0 255 {255 28 1255 128 Magenta Purpurine | 255 0 255 213 255 128 Microsoft Office In the 4.3 and 95 versions, the color palette consists of twelve colors: six base colors and six colors that are twice as dark as the base color, e.g., dark red ro ir to (English) DkRead) color, containi128 ng units of red. This palette is supplemented by white, ir black ar two more gray colors. This color palette could not be supplemented or changed. „Microsoft Office programose dalies, „Microsoft 97“ iš o Office has 2000“ completely adopted the new primary color palette table). (3 40 the main colors of this palette already have names. Name 13 us still have additional color table), 6 detected only in some (4 areas of the programs. The user can reach even moreadditionalcolored hexagon, next to which there 126 are gray mų colors. Hexagon colors no longer have names. In 16 the color veil, the user can make his own color (Custom Color). 3 Table 1 Main ‘MS Office 79/2000“ palette colors, jų composition ir Lithuanian equivalents of English names. Colour names that differ from the base colour names are collected in bold English Lithuanian | Rau-| Žalis | Mels | Ats-Grynis | Skaispavadinimas | pavadinimas | donis palvis tis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Black Black 0 0 0 ~ = 0 Dark Red Dark red 128 0 0 0 235 64 Red Red 255 0 0 255 128 Pink Purple 255 255 213 255 128 Rose Pink 255 153 204 234 255 204 Brown Brown 155517 10 w= lass Orange Orange 255 102 0 17 255 128 Light Orange |Light orange 255 153 0 25 255 128 Gold Gold 255 204 0 34 255 128 Tan Yellow Brown |Dark yellow 255 204 0 54 255 102 Olive Green |Lime Yellow Yellow 255 255 0 42 255 128 Light Yellow |Light yellow | 255 255 153 42 255 204 Dark Green |Dark green [0 51 0 85 255 26 Green Green 0 128 |0 85 255 |64 14 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sea Green Green Sea |51 133=-=1102--1106-— 1287-1120 Bright Green |Colourful green |0 255 0 85 255 128 Light Green |Light green |204 255 204 85 255 230 Dark Teal Dark blue cyan 0 51 102 149 255 51 Teal Dark Cyan | 0 128 128 127 255 64 Aqua Blue water | 51 204 204 127 153 128 Turquoise Zydra 0 255 255 127 255 128 Light Turquoise | Pale blue |204 255 255 127 255 230 Dark Blue Dark Deep | 0 0 128 1170 “1255 {64 Blue Blue 0 0 255 170" 1255 128 Light Blue Light blue |51 102 255 160 255 153 Sky Blue Blue of the sky 0 204 255 136 255 128 Pale Blue Pale blue| 153 204 255 149 255 204 Indigo Blue indigo |51 51 153 170 128 102 Blue Gray Blue to grey |102 102 153 170 51 128 Violet Purple 128 0 128 213 255 64 Plum Brown Purple |153 51 102 234 128 102 Lavender Purple Lavender 204 153 255 191 255 204 80% Gray Dark grey [51 51 51 170 0 51 50% Gray Grey 128 128 128 170 0 128 40 % Gray Light grey |150 150 150-**170 0 150 25 % Gray Gray 192 192 192 170 0 192 White White 255 255 255 170 0 255 15 Table 4 Additional colors of the MS Office 2000 palette, their composition and Lithuanian equivalents of their English names English | Lithuanian | Rau-| Žalias | Mėlis Atspal-| Grynis | SkaisPeriwinkle | Žieminių 153 153 255 pavadinimas | pavadinimas | donis vis tis 170 2355 204 Ivory Ivory 255 255 204 42 255 230 Dark Dark Purple Purple | 102 0 102 213 255 51 Coral Koraly 255 128 128 [0 255 192 Ocean Blue | Mėlyna vandenyno |0 102 204 149 255 102 Ice Blue Ice Blue |204 204 255 170 255 230 This article attempted to select Lithuanian equivalents for the 46 basic colors of the MS Office 97/2000 palette. The Lithuanian equivalents are combined with the general English-Lithuanian dictionaries and the academic Lithuanian Language Dictionary. Most often, the above-mentioned first principle of color shade naming was followed. The base Windows color Magenta is already called Pink in the MS Office 97/2000 palette, and the double-darker color of the same shade is called Dark Purple. In the first two cases it is called purple color, and in the third case — dark purple color. The base color in the Cyan color palette is called Turquoise. In English, the term is usually used to refer to the same thing, but in other languages it is used to refer to different things. In this case, the green base color in the palette of primary colors became light green. In contrast, green is a darker color that is more common to humans. The MS Office 97/2000 primary color palette includes only a few non-pure colors - sea green, water blue and a few near-grey colors next to the last column of grays. Palette colors are grouped by shades. Only a few colours differ in shade from the basic colours, so there are few names for intermediate colours — dark blue-blue, brown-violet, yellow-brown. 16 The composition of the palette colors ir jų names precisely defined by three RŽM tris ir AGS color scheme numbers in red, — green, blue, shade, pure brightness. ir Literature 1. Designer's guide to color. T. 1-5 // San Francisco. : Chronicle Books, 1986-1991. 2. Zalkauskas V. About color terms // 32nd National Physics Conference: Program ir for reporting thesis. 1997. 10. 8-10. Vilnius, 1997. 3. Color Spaces Tutorial // Center for Innovative Computer Application. http://www.cica.indiana.edu/cica/color-spaces.html THE TERMS OF COMPUTER COLOURS Summary In this paper the Lithuanian terms of colour spaces RZM red, — green blue ir (R.G.B. — Read-Green-Blue), ZPG cyan, — magenta yellow ir (C.M.Y. — Cyan-Magenta-Yellow) and AGS -— shade, pure ir colour (H.S.B. — HueSaturation-Brightness (Luminance)) are discussed. Terms of colour levels red (read level), Zalis (green level), deep (blue level), Zydris (cyan level), purpuris (magenta level) and geltonis (yellow level) are also proposed. The Lithuanian terms of basic colours of Microsoft Office are 97/2000 considered. The composition of these colours is presented. Giedré FLEDZINSKIENE Received 2000 07 01 Vilnius Academy of Fine Arts Maironium g. 6 LT-2600, Vilnius Angelė KAULAKIENĖ Institute of Lithuanian Language Antakalnio g. 6 LT-2055, Vilnius El. mail [email protected] Valerijonas ŽALKAUSKAS University of Vilnius Faculty of Physics Department of Radiophysics Sunrise and sunset 9 LT-2040, Vilnius El. mail [email protected] 17