Tarptautinė terminologijos konferencija „Tautinių kalbų terminologija ir globalizacija“

International Terminology Conference on Terminology of National Languages and ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Globalization On October 11-13, 2006, the International Terminology Conference on Terminology of National Languages and Globalization was held at the Lithuanian Language Institute. The conference was sponsored by the Lithuanian Millennium Commemoration Directorate under the Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania and the Lithuanian State Foundation for Science and Studies. The conference was attended by 11 Lithuanian scientists and 20 guests from Latvia, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine and Hungary. Presentations will be read in Lithuanian, English and Russian. The conference lasted two days, and on the third day an excursion was organized to the Lithuanian Folk Art Museum in Rumšiškės. The conference was opened by Artūras Judžentis, PhD, Deputy Director of the Lithuanian Language Institute. In the plenary session, guests —Sergius Griniewiczius, Vladimiras Leičikas, Agota Foris, Valentina Novodranova, Sergejus Šelovas — presented theoretical presentations of a summarizing nature. In his presentation “Terminology in the Era of Globalization- ”, Professor S. Griniewiczius, PhD, of the University of Bialystok, emphasized that globalization of industry, economy, culture, and even everyday life creates new conditions for the existence and interaction of national languages. One of them is the decline in the number of actively spoken languages, so the functional scope and territory of the remaining languages will expand. Therefore, it is necessary to develop reliable and impartial recommendations based on the analysis of natural evolutionary processes and, above all, the international interaction of languages. According to the author, several scientific directions of terminology seem quite promising, so typological and comparative terminology studies were discussed more broadly in the report. V. Leičikas, Ph.D., Professor of the Department of General and Russian Linguistics of the Pushkin State Institute of Russian Language, presented a paper entitled “Globalization and Terminology Problems”, in which he explained the... miai reviewed and compared three approaches to contemporary globalization. The first approach recognizes globalization as an inevitable trend of the modern world. This allows to explain the international exchanges in the field of spiritual culture and the creation of material and spiritual creations, which are global in their content and national in their form, or more precisely, in their language. The second approach is that of anti-globalists, whose goal is to abolish the domination of the United States and some other developed nations and to proclaim the supremacy of nationalism (even racism and chauvinism). According to V. Leičikas, the third approach has begun to form only in recent years — it is a reaction to the first two approaches. Its proponents argue that the natural development of globalization and a common international material and spiritual culture can be achieved by cultivating culture at the national or at least regional level. A. Féris, PhD, University of Pécs, Hungary, in her presentation “Terminology and socio-economic globalization” examined the problems of terminology, linking them to social and economic globalization. She emphasized that at the end of the 20th century, the social and economic conditions changed radically: many new concepts and terms that designate them appeared, and the classification of new concepts and the selection of terms must be very fast. Without a thorough study of the substance and definitions of the concepts, the terms are chosen randomly—- causing problems both in the conceptual framework of use and in the use of the terms. Only with more detailed specialist and linguistic knowledge can appropriate concepts and terminology systems be developed. V. Novodranova, PhD, professor of Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, explained how cognitive science schemes are created. According to her, the term and its characteristics can be revealed only in two main aspects — cognitive and communicative. The cognitive aspect means that the units of terminology reveal the essence of terminology systems, which can be conceptually defined as certain cognitive systems (special knowledge systems). In the presentation “Nomenclature and Terminology (Three Main Approaches to Nomenclature)” of the guest from Moscow, Vice-Rector of the Institute of Languages and Cultures, PhD S. Shelov, the relationship between nomenclature and terminology was examined, the most common definitions of nomenclature were reviewed, they were compared with the definitions of terminology, because terminology and nomenclature are considered the main part of the vocabulary of the special language (SL). S. Šelovas defined three concepts of nomenclature: 1) a collection of scientific and popular names of plants and animals; 2) a set of symbols for the lower natural unit: Terminologija | 2006 | 13 219 3) a set of conventional signs intended to indicate specific concepts and objects. The rapporteur has stressed that the different definitions of nomenclature are not entirely unrelated and independent, they have a great deal in common. Although it is quite difficult to distinguish them from each other, it is possible to observe their different origins. The first session of the conference was opened by Prof. Dr. Janos Pusztay, Head of the Department of Philology of Ural Languages of Berzsenyi Daniel College. In his presentation “Terminology — the guarantor of language survival” he emphasized that language survives only when it is used in all areas of life. Only languages with state status can be used in many ways. Languages with national status (but with few speakers) are threatened by the following risks: increasing globalization, the dominance of English in political and academic life, and the practical displacement of the national language. In order to preserve the national language, it is necessary to strengthen self-awareness and promote respect for the mother tongue. On the first day of the conference, several overview presentations were read. Anna Lena Bucher, Director General of the Swedish Terminology Centre, presented the Swedish terminology work experience gained over 60 years. As the rapporteur informed, the first phase of the Swedish Technical Terminology Centre began in 1936, when the Nomenclature Committee was established at the Academy of Engineering Sciences, and five years later it was replaced by a permanent technical terminology centre – the Swedish Technical Terminology Centre (TNC), whose statutes were established by the government. Since the TNC was founded, the world has changed greatly, but the goals and basic principles of the center have remained the same. In the rapporteur’s view, terminology work and terminology are necessary today for exactly the same reasons: to improve communication, or more precisely to solve communication problems faced by specific groups of users, to facilitate communication. The presentation “Norm and its codification in contempo4 rary Ukrainian terminology” was read by a guest from Kharkiv National University V. Karazin — Professor of the Department of Ukrainian Language Lyudmila Boyarova. It noted that the linguistic basis of the terminology norm is considered to be the norm of the general language, taking into account those peculiarities of word formation and usage that are characteristic of terms and which can be considered as professional variants of the Ukrainian language norm. Since the last decade of the 20th century, in Ukrainian linguistics, the main criterion for assessing the norm of any language unit is its conformity with the productive models of word formation, morphology, syntax, etc. of the native language. Based on this systematic criterion, ukrai220 Albina Auksoriūtė | International Terminology Conference... German terminologists do not recommend the use of values that have entered the national terminology system from the Russian language, which duplicate the units of their own language used for a long time. The dictionaries published in Ukraine in recent years show a considerable change in the theoretical evaluation of terminology and usage norms in the Ukrainian language. Vilmos Voigtas, Chairperson of the Hungarian Terminology Council, Professor of Eötvös Loránd University, PhD, Doctor of Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, informed about the results of the Hungarian Terminology Council’s 2005 meeting. He presented the Hungarian Terminology Council, established in Szombathely, its objectives and work programme. He emphasized that the first step was to draw up a plan for the management of Hungarian terminology, taking into account that the Hungarian language, which has a more than a thousand- -year-old identity, is not only spoken in Hungary, but is also the mother tongue of millions of people living outside Hungary. Another important issue for the Council is adapting to globalisation, especially in the European Community. Latvian colleagues — Professor Juris Borzovs and Ilze Irena Ilzinia from the Riga Institute of Information Technology, Professor Valentina Skujinia from the Institute of Latvian Language and Andrejs Vasiljevs, a PhD student from the University of Latvia and a member of the Tilde Council, talked about the problems of harmonizing the international term database. They presented the EUROTERMBANK project, raised the problems encountered in creating an international term bank, and, based on Latvia’s experience, presented several ways of solving these problems. Vitalija Špokienė, PhD, translator at the Vilnius office of the Lithuanian language department of the Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission, introduced the common multilingual IATE (Interactive Terminology for Europe) term base of the European Union institutions and bodies, the purposes of its creation, the stages of its organisation, the work of compiling, presenting and managing Lithuanian language equivalents, and discussed the practical work of IATE terminology management by terminologists, experts and translators of the Lithuanian language department of the Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission. Guests from Latvia discussed the problems of translation of terms in their presentations. Valerijus Kruglevskis, Ph.D. in Physics, an employee of the Translation and Terminology Centre, analyzed the automation of some factors of terminology management in the translation of documents, discussed measures that facilitate the transfer of terms from text to database. Gunta Luočmele, PhD, associate professor at the University of Latvia, discussed the terminology problems faced by translators working both in the European Union and in Latvia. Latvian [231 DD from Terminology | 2006 | 13 In his presentation “Terminology and Interpreting and Translation” Andrejs Veisbergs, Ph.D., professor at the University of Latvia, emphasized that the most important linguistic problem facing Latvian translators is terminology and its standardization. There is a lack of coordination between the interpretation and translation services of the European Union and the terminology institutions of Latvia, which results in a disorder in the terminology field. In the rapporteur’s view, a central common database of Latvian terminology should be created and opportunities for its continuous editing should be found. Marta Matachowicz, PhD student of the Department of Special Languages of the University of Warsaw, spoke about thesaurus as a tool for managing knowledge in certain fields and illustrated theoretical concepts of the structure of thesaurus in English and Polish economic terms. Nijolė Dudlauskienė, Head of the Methodological Department of the Lithuanian Standardization Department, concluded the first day of the conference with a presentation entitled “Creating standardized terminology and its importance for international relations”. She explained how Lithuanian terminology standards are prepared, how many of them have been prepared, and how Lithuanian terminology standards are examined. On the second day of the conference three presentations were read by guests from abroad — Iveta Pūtelė, Anita Ščucka and Elena Pachomova. In her presentation “Language contacts and their expressions in Latvian terminology”, I. Pūtelė, assistant professor of the Institute of Latvian Language at the University of Latvia, emphasized that language contacts determine the development of each language and terminology — they affect it both positively and negatively. One of the most widespread and most commonly observed consequences of this influence is the use of international instruments and models in word formation. Language contacts lead to the appearance of literal translations and translations, and their influence begins to create peculiarities not characteristic of the language. In her presentation, A. Ščucka, assistant of the Institute of Latvian Language of the University of Latvia, examined the terms of European Union legislation from a syntactical point of view, and E. Pachomova, English language lecturer at the Kaliningrad State Technical University, examined the terminology used in Internet economic forums. On the second day of the conference, Lithuanian linguists and specialists presented their papers. Professor Vincentas Drotvinas of Vilnius Pedagogical University presented the textbook Kalbamokslis lietuviškos kalbos (1906) by Adam Stuobris (real name — Adamas Sketeris) for the practical teaching of Lithuanian language. The speaker analyzed the textbook terms, their composition, sources, origin, interpretation222 Albina Auksoriūtė | International Terminology Conference... the author’s efforts to create his own terms, reviewed how many of the terms used by A. Stuobris have survived in the current terminology of linguistics. for her Lietuvių kalbos instituto Terminologijos centro doktorantės Palmiros Zemlevičiūtės pranešimas taip pat buvo skirtas istoriniams lietuvių terminiresearch, she reviewed the sources of Lithuanian medical terminology of the late 19th century. The speaker emphasized that the national revival movement, which grew and strengthened at the end of the 19th century, greatly contributed to the proliferation of the Lithuanian press. Despite the ban on the press, more than 20 different popular medical booklets were published, the calendars of the time spread medical knowledge alongside various scientific knowledge, and nearly 100 publications on various medical and hygiene issues were published in the sixteen newspapers published at the time. Thus, medical prints of the late 19th century are valuable material of the initial period of Lithuanian medical terminology. Nijolė Čepienė, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow of the Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of Lithuanian Language, examined borrowed words and their variants in ancient and later Lithuanian scripts, mainly in East Prussian Lithuanian-German and German-Lithuanian dictionaries. Irma Zeller, Ph.D., lecturer of Vytautas Magnus University, presented her presentation “Definition of the concept in the practical aspect of terminology- ”. She pointed out that in terminology the content of a concept is determined and described by linking it to other concepts of the same set, and the definition of the concept and its precise designation determine the quality of the technical language of science and technology. Depending on form and content, there are several types of definitions, but the most important are the so-called definitions of content, scope and quantity, which the rapporteur has examined in more detail. The development of computer terminology was analysed in the presentation of Angelė Kaulakienė, PhD, Senior Researcher of the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute. She emphasized that the terminology of the dictionaries of the ten currently available computer terms shows that the 35-year period of computing is a stage of its development, whose main characteristics are sound synonymy and variantity. This current state of computing is determined by a number of linguistic, sociolinguistic and interlinguistic factors. The topic of computer terminology was continued by Gintautas Grigas, Ph.D., associate professor of the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics. He talked about the abbreviations of computer terms, looking for solutions to the abbreviations used in English terminology: to take them from the English Terminology | 2006 | 13 223 language, translate them, use the full names of terms instead or create their own abbreviations. Three more reports were read by specialists from other fields. Nijolė Bliudžiuvienė, PhD student at the Institute of Book and Document Studies, Faculty of Communication, Vilnius University, presented an overview of the development and change of terminology in librarianship and bibliography. She noted that the development of the current terminology in this field is partly determined by the use of new technologies in librarianship and the change in the concept of the library itself. Two presentations were devoted to specific concepts and terms: Stasys Zajančkauskas, lecturer of the Department of Signal Processing of the Faculty of Telecommunications and Electronics of Kaunas University of Technology, spoke about mistakes in expressing polarity and related concepts, and Valerijonas Žalkauskas, senior researcher of the Department of Radiophysics of the Faculty of Physics of Vilnius University, discussed the usage of terms mode, control, image. The conference work was summarized and evaluated by Jonas Klimavičius, PhD, Senior Researcher of the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, and Sergejus Šelovas, PhD, Habilitant. The topic of the conference, the issues discussed in the presentations and the questions raised are quite relevant not only for terminology workers in Lithuania, but also for linguists, terminologists and translators from other countries. Many discussions took place not only among the speakers, but also among the gathered audience. This international terminology conference, organized by the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, was not only attended by scholars and terminologists from Latvia, Hungary and Russia, with whom the Institute has been cooperating for several years, but also by guests from countries with which there have not yet been close relations, namely Sweden, Ukraine and Poland. Therefore, getting acquainted with the terminology work of these countries and the terminologists working there was very important and useful. Received 2006-11-30 P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius E-mail albinaagėlki.- lt 224 Albina Auksoriūtė | International Terminology Conference.. Albina Auksoriūtė Lietuvių kalbos institutas