Rūta Vainienė. Ekonomikos terminų žodynas

JONAS KLIMAVIČIUS Lietuvių kalbos institutas Rūta Vainienė. GLOSSARY OF ECONOMIC TERMS Vilnius: Tyto Alba, 2005, 328 p. The dictionary has not been approved by the State Lithuanian Language Commission (VLKK), so “all responsibility for what is written and what is not written in this dictionary” (12), as the author herself states, lies with her. The reviewer does not know how much she is responsible for the fact that the dictionary does not have the necessary and required approval. The author thanks the unknown “editors and linguists” (12), as well as the mentioned “strict and fair reviewers” (12) —Dr. Raimondas Kuodis and Elena Leontjeva, but compliance with the approval procedure established by the VLKK would have shown much more clearly whether the rigor experienced by the author was enough and how much it still lacked. What is begun must be finished—to get that approval someday. Until this happens, the reviewer decides to try to help the readers of the dictionary, of course, limiting himself to the most important things — selection of terms, their standardization and purification (Lithuanising) of economic terminology. The author defines the criteria for the selection of terms in a certain way — “what, in my opinion, can be interesting and useful for most readers” (11). This only defines the main direction according to the chosen objective — vocabulary not only for professionals (10—11). But already in that direction everything must be thorough and consistent. That is at least a little lacking. He could have used a more meaningful word here: "strict and fair". But it is also wise for the reviewer to belong to the “most readers” who really find it “interesting and useful” (11). Thus, the reviewer does not find one — the exploitation of an everywhere visible but in the dictionary unnamed phenomenon (man), the solidarity needed by all, the product of the everywhere now full, but just vague normative status (there is only the final product, although why the plural concept — “goods and services, — *”?); natural person, accumulative deposit, stable prices, communism (other terms are used in the interpretations), competition; credit 202 Jonas Klimavičius | (non-credit) and payment (or debit) cards (is a debit card), bank cards, bank accounts, ATM; crises; tax policy; landlord, tenant, rent (?), pérnuoma (is only rent), goods (!), trade (!); claims, hiring and hired (although there is a problem of owner and hired), promotion, debt, lender, debtor, re-lending, debt (there is only a loan); transaction (!), price jump (although there is a price bubble and a price ceiling), tandjemas, ounce or Trua (not Troy!) ounce… With the spread of American fashion to call jargon (and their own, Lithuanian) slang, and jargon — professional jargon or even professionalisms (they are already understood in Lithuania in two ways...), so the author of the dictionary calls it. Professional jargon in itself would not be a great evil if it were in its place — in the closed circle of the profession, not in terminology. But the opposite is true. A lot of professional jargons — bulls, bears, dogs (why plural?) — have no equivalents in terms. Maybe the Americans can afford it — their language is still global!.. But the Lithuanian people understand the jargon of the monk business (and it is not in the dictionary), we did not take the yellow dog contract (Klimavičius 1994 1: 5). By the way, the dictionary dog is different from the yellow dog, and two different dogs are already a mistake... the dictionary hare is not a hare at all, but a free rider! Why is rabbit-hunting a waste of time? After all, "bunny-catching" is just idleness? At least somewhat more acceptable (and widespread) (economic) tigers. However, the grammar must be Lithuanian: Lithuania — the Baltic tiger. A truly unbearable bottleneck is “weak links in the production process, i.e. lack of stocks, semi-finished products and capacity or underutilization of production capacity for other reasons”. Some people, in order to defend the unresolved traffic jams, try to justify them with bottlenecks as well. Serious dictionaries do not do this: bottle-neck —2) narrow passage, narrowing of the road, 3) weak point (in production) ALKŽ 1975; bottleneck —2) prk. narrow passage ALKŽ 1998, —road narrowing; prk. obstacle, weak point ALKŽ 2004. We are already free from the Russian shoe, but we need to distinguish English goats from Lithuanian sheep. And this is not all — just as the periodical is scattered, the zoological and other quoted “terminology” of economics pours in, e.g. : Charles Handy, the creator of the "fleas and elephants" theory, claims that humans "fleas" —e.g. "There's more to come," The Guardian, 2006-05-21. "Lithuania attempts to establish network of "business angels" investing in risky areas", Veidas, 2007 1 54. "The 2006-07 season will be known as the "Golden Years" of the club", The Guardian, 20 May 2006. Terminology | 2006 | 13 203 The dictionary at least somewhat terminographically establishes the already previously begun and partially completed removal of English foreign words: barter —ntk.= natural exchange; biznis —ntk.= business; deleris —ntk.= agent, broker, broker; marketing —ntk.= marketing; option —ntk.= option contract; overdraft —ntk.= account credit. However, aggregation, annuity, charter, factoring, fiscal, forfeiting, franchise, clearing, bill of lading, consignment, consolidated liability and supervision, listed company and non-listed securities (Klimavičius 2005 12: 12-13), offer, syndicated loan, stagnation (we are very accustomed to it! but also stagnation!), usufruct (svettnauda- !) are waiting for terminographic Lithuanianization — larger (by substitutions) or smaller (alongside existing equivalents)- ... Too soft rate-setting: leasing — see financial leasing (perhaps because leasing does not get rid of some of the "strict and fair"), and leasing —see. financial leasing is hardly a goal. It is worth drawing the attention of the author of the dictionary (and other economic terminologists) to the Lithuanian terms of one of the interwar terminology works: vazta —Fracht, Frachtgut; load, freight, shipment, cargo (how without her waybill?!); bill of lading; bill of lading; Charterpartie, Befrachtungsbrief; charter party; leash, consignment; consignment goods, name goods; acceptance (acceptance- ); mercantilism; buy-in (bonus); jpurchased; — Police; insurance policy; (Salys 1979: 455—484; Klimavičius 2002: 141-144; Gaivenis 2002: 69-72). A lot of care is also required for Lithuanian translation terms — their accuracy, regularity of forms. The term futures contract (future) can be understood in Lithuanian only as “a contract concluded in the future”, and in fact, philologically interpreted, it is “a contract concluded for the future”, and precisely in the reviewed dictionary – “a certain quantity of a specific commodity (including currency) must be delivered or received in the future and settled for it”. The future transaction would also be inaccurate, simply misleading. From the precise but long-term future deliveries (and settlements) of a transaction it is certainly possible to obtain a short and fairly clear —future transaction. Forward transactions are also questionable, because futures contracts are also “forward”. From the former variant, a forward contract could be made more precise — not a forward (until when), but a forward contract (when realized) (cf. Klimavičius 2000: 23—24). Unacceptable term external services procurement (Klimavičius 2004 7: 10-11). It is a pity that English is not at fault here — there is no 204 Jonas Klimavičius | purchasing, rather than outsourcing. Why is it so irresponsible that anyone who wants to does it: after all, soldiers are hired in Lithuanian, mercenaries, so what athletes are bought, sold, bought over, bought out, why is someone in Lithuania already trying not to re-hire employees, but to buy them?! [The purchase of traitors is another thing, but it is necessary to distinguish between them, not to call them the same thing!] Why do the buyers of services – the sellers – want to be included in this ugly row? Everything has to be paid for, but the Lithuanian language distinguishes well between what can be bought — to sell, what can be hired, rented, and what has to be ordered and acquired — to provide, and also to take — to give, for example, lessons, i.e. certain services. Why is the term withholding tax used? This is a slave value (i.e. a translation of the English withholding tax). And there has long been a precise and clear term income tax (Burač 1997). Good that the dictionary has amortization, but throw out the stupid fashion word wear and tear, which grossly violates the system — here nothing is worn. Depreciation is exactly depreciation, but why are there two terms in the dictionary — both good — depreciation and bad — depreciation? Why is depreciation — 1) in economics — “the gradual transfer of the value of fixed assets to the value of produced output” and “the term “depreciation” is also used, it is applied in Lithuania to describe the loss and transfer of the value of tangible assets”? It is surprising that a man is an economist — he is homo economicus, economic man, he has always been an economic man. must remain. Both for ambulance and safety (prevention) readers. The dictionary is still a step forward. But unapproved dictionaries of terms are not good, because they are a common thing. Readers, often without seeing the entry The State Lithuanian Language Commission does not object, forget or do not know that the VLKK approves the terminology dictionaries and that the approved dictionary is more valuable in terms of terminology. 1975: Dictionary of English-Lithuanian Languages. Compiled by A. Tauėka, B. Piesarškas, E. Stasiulevičiūtė, Vilnius. 1998: B.Sc. English-Lithuanian dictionary, Vilnius. ALKŽ 2004: Angly-Lithuanian Dictionary. Lithuanian edition prepared by R. Sepetyté, V. Niauronytė, 5. Janušonienė, R. Katiliūtė, G. Naktinienė, Kaunas. Buračas A. 1997: Explanatory Dictionary of Banking and Commerce Terms, Vilnius —Kaunas. Gaivenis K. 2002: Lithuanian Terminology: Theory and Structure, Vilnius. Climate. 1994 1: The Yellow Dog Contract. —The owner. 2000: Antanas Buračas. Banking and Commerce Dictionary. First part: Lithuanian-- English Explanatory Dictionary of Banking and Commercial Terms, 1997 (rec.). —Mother tongue 1, Terminology | 2006 | 13 205 14-19; 2, 20-28. 2002. "Kazimierz Gajewski". 2002: Theory and Practice of the Language, 2002 (red.). —Terminologija 9, 129-147. Klimavičius J. 2004 7: Can a service be produced, sold and bought? —Your native language. Klimavičius J. 2005 12: Is it possible to list a company? —Native Language, 12–13. Salys A. 1979: Dictionary of Commercial Correspondence. —Writing 1, Rome, 455–484. Received 2006-12-01 P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius E-mail terminolJonas Klimavičius Lietuvių kalbos institutas ogai(Ąlki.- lt 206 Jonas Klimavičius