„Computer Bild Lietuva“ portalo žodynėlio terminai

Computer Bild Lietuva portal glossary terms AUŠRA RIMKUTĖ Institute of the Lithuanian Language Computer Bild Lietuva is a fortnightly magazine published in a print run of 13,000 copies, intended for users of computers and other digital technology. The latest articles on various information and communication technology topics can also be found online at www.computerbild.lt. Since, it is said, the magazine’s editorial aim is “to publish highly practical and richly illustrated texts written in very simple and clear language,” presumably this is why a glossary has been posted on the portal (http://www.computerbild.lt/žodynėlis), containing a little over five hundred terms and other lexical items. These are mostly terms used in the magazine’s articles on computing and related fields. The glossary has a conventional structure: first comes a term or other lexical item, followed by its definition. In some cases, an English equivalent is also given. The terms are unaccented. Such a glossary is very useful to the magazine’s readers, so the portal creators’ efforts to maintain the terminology used in the publication’s articles in one of the fastest-changing fields—computing—are to be welcomed. Work on the standardization of computing terminology has been under way for well over three decades, so there is plenty to choose from. Examples include V. Dagienė, G. Grigas, and T. Jevsikova’s Encyclopedic Dictionary of Computing (2008, second revised and expanded edition, hereafter EKŽ; the first edition of this dictionary appeared in 2005), which contains about 4,000 terms; the field’s largest publication, V. Žalkauskas’s Dictionary of Modern Computer Programs and Networks: English–Lithuanian–French (2003), which contains more than 5,000 terms and phrases; and the Four-Language Terminological Dictionary Informatics: Lithuanian–English–Russian–German (1997), compiled by R. Valatkaitė and Z. Kudirka, among others. All these dictionaries have been approved by the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language, and therefore have also been reviewed by linguist terminologists. It is a pity that the portal’s creators and editors do not make use of them. Computer Bild Lietuva portal glos- Terminologija | 2009 | 16 277 sary is an excellent example: examining it shows how difficult it is for the neologisms given in the dictionaries mentioned above to catch on, especially equivalents for foreign words, and how hard they are to establish in the everyday language not only of computer enthusiasts but also of computer specialists. What stands out first is that the glossary includes obsolete terms1, for example: hard disk (= fixed disk) (English hard disk EKŽ), external hard disk (=external fixed disk), hard disk partition (=hard disk division) (English hard disk partition), wizard (=guide⟧) (English wizard EKŽ), installation wizard (=installation guide), subdomain (=subarea) (English subdomain EKŽ), data stream (=bandwidth) (English bitrate EKŽ), screenshots (=instantaneous screen capture) (English screen shot, screenshot EKŽ), boot disk (=startup disk, system disk) (English boot disc EKŽ), boot sector (=startup sector) (English boot sector EKŽ), console (=control panel) (English console EKŽ), router (=route selector) (English router EKŽ), safe mode (=restricted mode) (English safe mode EKŽ), firewall (=firewall⟧) (English firewall EKŽ), banner (=advertising strip) (English banner EKŽ), and so on. It is regrettable that the easiest option is often taken—using an Anglicism adapted to Lithuanian. In the glossary it is usually written in non-Lithuanian quotation marks, for example: “hostingas” (= hosting) (English hosting EKŽ), “hakeris” (= hacker) (English hacker EKŽ), “skinas” (= skin) (English skin EKŽ), “skriptas” (= script) (English script EKŽ), “kompresija” (= compression) (English compression EKŽ), “noutbukas” (= notebook computer) (English notebook EKŽ), and so on. The glossary also gives the foreign term “Firmware” in quotation marks (= firmware) (English firmware EKŽ). Another problem is the use of English abbreviations for terms that have Lithuanian equivalents in Lithuanian computing dictionaries, for example: ADSL (= asymmetric digital subscriber line, the abbreviation ASAL could be used) (English asymmetric digital subscriber line, ADSL EKŽ), DSL (=digital subscriber line) (English digital subscriber line, DSL EKŽ), “VoIP” (=Internet telephony) (English internet phone, internet telephony, IP telephony, VoIP, voice over internet protocol EKŽ), and so on. Names of various communication protocols, technologies, formats, formal languages, and other things are formed using abbreviations borrowed directly from other languages (most often English). The glossary includes inaccurate names, often 1 When correcting terms, we rely on the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Computing (2008). 278 Aušra Rimkutė | Computer Bild Lietuva portalo žodynėlio terminai there are no explanatory definitions of the gender of the terms, e.g.: 3GP (=3GP technology), A4 (=A4 format) (English: A4 format EKŽ), AVI (=AVI audio and video format) (English: audio / video interleaved, AVI EKŽ), BMP (=BMP format), BIOS program (English: BIOS (basic input / output system) EKŽ) (=BIOS system), GSM (=global system for mobile communications, GSM system) (English: GSM, GSM system, global system for mobile communications EKŽ), GPS (=global positioning system, GPS system) (English: GPS, global positioning system EKŽ), HTML (=HTML language) (English: Hypertext Markup Language EKŽ), JPEG, JPG (=JPEG format, JPG format) (English: format JPEG EKŽ), JAVA (=JAVA language, Java language) (English: Java EKŽ), MP3 (=MP3 format) (English: MP3, MPEG layer 3 EKŽ), RAW (=RAW format), WAP (=WAP protocol) (English: WAP, wireless application protocol EKŽ), and so on. A fairly commonly used English word, Bluetooth, should be discussed separately. Bluetooth is a protocol for communication over very short radio waves (microwaves). According to Gintautas Grigas, it would be simpler and clearer to say microwave communication; the bare brand name (Bluetooth) should not be used either—it is better to add an explanatory word: the “Bluetooth” protocol (Grigas 2009: 10). G. Grigas suggests that, when referring to communication and specifying its protocol precisely, one should use microwave communication using the “Bluetooth” protocol or, more briefly, communication using the “Bluetooth” protocol (Grigas 2009: 10). A very similar case is the use of the abbreviation WiFi for the English term Wireless Fidelity. WiFi is a wireless communication technology. WiFi can also be a brand name. Thus, when referring to the technology itself, the symbolic name should not be translated. When describing the means of communication, it would be enough to say wireless communication, rather than Wi-Fi communication, wireless internet; and wireless internet connection instead of Wi-Fi internet connection. The glossary contains other terms that should be corrected, for example: wireless communication station (=wireless communication station), wireless internet zone (=wireless internet zone), wireless internet (=wireless internet, mobile internet) (English: wireless internet EKŽ), wireless network (=wireless network) (English: wireless network EKŽ), wireless device (=wireless device) (English: wireless device EKŽ), wireless router (=wireless router), content management system (=content management system) (English: content management system, CMS EKŽ), automatic disk startup (=automatic startup) (English: autorun EKŽ), handwriting recognition function (=handwriting recognition) (English: handwriting recognition EKŽ), file system (=file organization system) (English: file allocation system, file system EKŽ), pop-up windows (=pop-up window) Terminologija | 2009 | 16 279 (English: popup, popup window, pop-up window EKŽ), uninterruptible power supply (UPS) (=uninterruptible power supply) (English: uninterruptible power supply, UPS EKŽ), and so on. Daikto rūšis, išskiriamoji ypatybė sudėtiniuose terminuose turėtų būti reiškiama įvardžiuotine būdvardžio forma, pvz.: virtualus diskas (=virtualusis diskas) (plg. angl. virtual disk), virtuali atmintis (=virtualioji atmintis) (plg. angl. virtual memory). Kai kalbama apie sąvokos ypatybę, geriau vartoti nusakomąjį daiktavardžio kilmininką, pvz.: komandinė eilutė (=komandos eilutė) (plg. angl. command line), kredიტinė kortelė (=kredito kortelė), sisteminė juostelė (=sistemos juostelė) (plg. angl. system tray), taktinis dažnis (=taktų dažnis) (plg. angl. clock speed). Kai kur pakaktų vienaskaitos, pvz.: įsilaužėliai (=įsilaužėlis), sisteminiai failai (=sisteminis failas), raktažodžiai (=raktažodis) ir kt. Beje, keista, kad terminas raktažodžiai (Tai žodžiai, kurie apibūdina ieškomą informaciją. Paieškos tinklalapiuose paprastai įvedame šiuos žodžius norėdami rasti su jais susijusius tinklalapius.) ir jo sinonimas reikšminis žodis (Angl. „keyword“: Žodis, apibūdinantis tekste (straipsnyje, tinklalapyje, knygoje) pateiktą informaciją. „Computer Bild Lietuva“ svetainės reikšminiai žodžiai yra „kompiuteris“, „IT žurnalas“, „Computer Bild Lietuva“ ir pan.) žodynėlyje teikiami ir apibrėžiami atskirai. Raktažodis – vertinys (plačiau žr. Akelaitienė 2003), vietoj jo galėtų būti vartojama reikšminis žodis. EKŽ šalia pastarojo dar teikiamas bazinis žodis. Definitions of terms are given on a new line. They are usually explained quite broadly and in detail, with examples. As already mentioned, some terms are also accompanied by their English equivalents. It would be appropriate to do this consistently. Term entries also provide synonymous terms, usually loanwords, for example: disk image, “image” (=complete disk copy) (cf. English disk image EKŽ). It is unfortunate that there are no standardization notes. The language of the definitions is also not always correct; there are stylistic and proofreading errors as well. The glossary would be much more valuable if all headwords were marked for stress. The review raised only some topical questions concerning the use of terms; its aim was to show that some aspects still need correction. Once the inaccuracies have been corrected, the glossary would be much more valuable to readers. SOURCE http://www.computerbild.lt/zodynelis 280 Aušra Rimkutė | Computer Bild Lietuva portalo žodynėlio terminai LITERATŪRA Akelaitienė G. 2003: Ar įteisinsime terminų raktažodį? – Terminologija 10, 157–162. EKŽ 2008: Dagienė V., Grigas G. Jevsikova T. Enciklopedinis kompiuterijos žodynas. II papild. leidimas, Vilnius. – http://www.likit.lt/term/enc.html. Grigas G. 2006: Santrumpos terminijoje. – Terminologija 13, 194–199. Grigas G. 2009: Kaip versti keistus žodžius. – Gimtoji kalba 12, 9–12. Gauta 2009-11-23 Aušra Rimkutė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius E. paštas: [email protected] Terminologija | 2009 | 16 281