Terminotic applications in the Republic of Moldova

Terminotic applications in the Republic of Moldova INGA DRUȚĂ Institute of Philology, Academy of Science of Moldova GABRIELA ȘAGANEAN Moldova State University Terminological dictionaries, including the electronic ones, are efficient tools for promoting national terminologies and connecting to the current international terminology. An electronic dictionary of terms created according to modern rules is an excellent source of mastering the specialized languages and of efficient transfer of knowledge from a culture into another that contributes to facilitating the intercultural and interlinguistic dialogue. Terminological concerns were determined by progress of new spheres of science – triggering neologisms – as well as by the tendency towards globalization and multilingual societies, and the need to unify the terminologies quickly and efficiently. We are going to refer to the experience of the National Centre for Terminology at the Institute of Philology in Chisinau in the given field and to similar products from the Republic of Moldova. Compiling electronic terminological dictionaries has multiple social, scientific, cultural, economic implications. It is necessary to establish modern terminological data banks within the research centres in the Republic of Moldova that operate interactively and contribute to the Romanian Language institutionalization as official language. A significant step in creating a modern electronic terminological dictionary is the Dictionary of Legal Terms available on the web page of the Centre of Legal Information at the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Moldova (http://www.justice.md/md/dic/). The dictionary is monolingual, explanatory with term definition in Romanian compiled in alphabetical 224 Inga Druță Gabriela Șaganean Terminotic applications in the Republic of Moldova order and comprises about 700 terms. The value of this work is indisputable and due to the fact that the Moldovan society is bilingual and more open to the contacts with the other languages and cultures, it is important to complete the dictionary with terminological equivalents in Russian, English and French as well as to extend / update it constantly by involving specialists and terminologists–translators. The definitions of terms are given according to the legislation of the Republic of Moldova – a fact that gives the terminological units a character of official terminology i.e. validated. The present format of the dictionary must be revised by changing it into a terminological data base that will be more compact on the web page and more convenient for the users. Another terminotic work in the Republic of Moldova is the Electronic Romanian–Russian and Russian–Romanian Dictionary RORUS, created by the Company PRIMASOFT (Chisinau). Terminologija | 2012 | 19 225 Basic Features: o Russian–Romanian and Romanian–Russian; o 200,000 words and phrases translated from one language to another; o A quick switch from one language to another; o Modern lexicological basis; o Direct translation from textual editors MS Word etc. through combination of keys; o Possibility of avoiding the use of diacritical symbols for the Romanian language; o Finding words through the way of combining in phrases (selecting); o Sections: general, economic, legal and technical. Interface of the RORUS Dictionary: 226 Inga Drută Term(in)otic applications in the Republic of MoldovaGabriela Șaganean RORUS is a commercial product and is available on CD that can be installed in a single computer with a code being protected from copying. The installed version in the user’s computer is updated periodically by accessing producer’s web page. On-line version of the RORUS dictionary operates on the page http://rorus.net/. On-line version of the RORUS Dictionary: PRIMASOFT created the Romanian–English and English–Romanian Electronic Dictionary ROMEN using the same model and with the similar interface, that comprises 200,000 words and phrases. This product consists of the following sections: general, economic, legal, technical, operating in on-line version too: http://liderra.com/. Both dictionaries have been compiled with the participation of the specialists from the National Centre of Terminology in Chisinau. Terminologija | 2012 | 19 227 On-line Version of the ROMEN Dictionary: In March 2012, the National Centre of Terminology and the PRIMASOFT Company signed a cooperation agreement. Currently, on-line versions of the RORUS and ROMEN dictionaries are managed by the National Centre of Terminology that constantly updates them. Both dictionaries are interactive, following the multitran.ru model. Users can request terms and phrases on the website that are not found in the dictionaries and can contribute with their own variants of translation that are verified and validated by NCT experts. The page www.liderra.com has 13,198 registered users, who pay an annual subscription for services and the daily number of requests is around 1000–1200. Another important terminotic application is ITeC: InfoTerminographe Communautaire (Database on Community law), created at the International Free University of Moldova. The structure of the terminological record: 1) data referring to terms: basic form of the term, grammatical category, etymology, abbreviated forms, equivalents in other languages, the term 228 Inga Druță Gabriela Șaganean Terminotic applications in the Republic of Moldova in the context, phraseological units from the legal domain, commentaries from different sources that can make clear the meaning of the given term through their content; 2) data referring to concepts: definition, polysemy, synonyms, antonyms, hipo-/hyperonyms; 3) data of an organisational character: used sources, the date of the record, the person who recorded the term. ITeC address is http://lhome.tkovski.ulim.md/app/lawdex.php; it provides equivalents in four languages: Romanian, French, English and Russian. The following headings are available for the ITeC user: A propos de l’ITeC, Mode d’emploi, Corpus and Contactez-nous, which contain data with terminological and informative character. The heading A propos de l’ITeC contains the paratext of the product. Here one can find the description of the database, its advantages are emphasized, the categories of users are established and the explanations about the used sources are given etc. Terminologija | 2012 | 19 229 The heading Mode d’emploi is a guide of using the base. Explanations and examples regarding the possibilities of searching terms through different ways as well as the description of the Community Law options can be found here. One of the most important components of the ITeC is the heading Corpus, consisting of four parts corresponding to those four languages of the base, containing the most important EU acts in force. ITeC design allows the legislative corpus to be completed in an unlimited volume when new treaties and other EU official acts come into force. The heading Contactez-nous ensures the contact between the base administrator and the user. The efforts of the National Centre for Terminology from Chisinau regarding the creation of the terminological database began in 2000, the project was finished in 2008 (being opened to revision / later updating). Within the TD the concepts are represented by terms that belong to the following categories: 230 Inga Druță Gabriela Șaganean Term(in)otic applications in the Republic of Moldova – advisable terms (descriptors), that represent exactly the concepts that they are associated to and whose usage is recommended by certain sources; – standardized terms whose usage is regulated by the standards; – favourite terms used more frequently than the descriptors; – terms that are not recommended and whose usage should be avoided. The terminological record of the TD comprises 16 fields, the date of registration is added to and attached automatically to it. A terminographic recording in the database includes the following information regarding the concept: the linguistic label (the term that names the concept), domain, definition in Romanian, the source of definition, the context, equivalents in Russian, French, English (for plants, species, medical terms, etc. – also in Latin), the accepted or not recommended synonyms, the symbol, abbreviation, recording status (validated, suggestion). As metadata, the grammatical features and the terminographer’s name are presented for every concept. Some records are accompanied by notes regarding the status or the usage of the stored terms. Terminologija | 2012 | 19 2 3 1 Using TD consists of choosing the language followed by typing the searched term in the search cassette indicating or not the domain: The terminological database of the NCT comprises about 20,000 of terminological records from more than 40 domains. Currently the specialists from the NCT update and complete the terminological records from the TD, identify the domains and make efforts regarding record validation. Terminology database of the NCT is made on GesTE platform, an application term storage created in Timisoara (Romania), in a project funded by the Latin Union. GesTE is a flexible program, adaptable to any desired configuration database. Terminological database of the NCT is available on the internet: http://cnt.md/geste/index.php?action=search and may be used by those who are interested in it without any restrictions, being an efficient tool in promoting the national terminologies. Since 1989 (the year of foundation), the National Centre for Terminology has set more major objectives: creating a favourable framework for terminological research; elaborating multilingual terminological resources 2 3 2 Inga Druță Gabriela Șaganean Terminotic applications in the Republic of Moldova (dictionaries, lexicons, glossaries) in order to unify the Romanian terminology with the European Union one; creating and updating the terminological database; identifying modern tools of work for translators. Collecting terminological information from different sources, in particular specialised dictionaries, terminological standards, instructions, official texts etc. became a constant terminographic activity within the NCT that resulted in bilingual glossaries and represented the series The Dictionary of Profession (that included Public Servant’s Dictionary, 1996–2007; Names of Professions and Occupations, 2000; Forester’s Dictionary, 2000; Moto-car Glossary, 2002; Textile Worker’s Dictionary, 2003; Railway Worker’s Dictionary, 2004; Taxi Driver’s Dictionary, 2005 etc.), and later TD. At present, creating electronic terminological dictionaries and terminological databases is one of the priorities of terminological theory and practice. These products facilitate communication by offering validated standards of language used in industry and technology and as a consequence help language affirmation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alic L. Définition terminographique vs définition lexicographique. – Terminology and translation studies. Plurilingual terminology in the context of European intercultural dialogue, Cluj-Napoca: Scientia, 2011, p. 139–152. Bourigault D., Jacquemin C. Construction de ressources terminologiques. – Ingénierie des langues, J.-M. Pierrel (éd.), Hermès, Paris, 2000. Cabré M.T. La terminologie. Théorie, méthode et applications, Paris: Armand Colin, 1998. Gouadec D. Terminologie. Constitution des données, Paris: Afnor, 1990. Hamon T., Nazarenko A. (éds), Structuration de terminologie. – TAL (Traitement Automatique de la Langue), Vol. 43, n° 1/2002. Pavel E., Rucăreanu C. Introducere în terminologie, București, 2001. Picht H., Draskau J. Terminology: An Introduction, Guilford: University of Surrey Press, 1985. Terminologia în România și în Republica Moldova, Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, 2000. Gauta 2012-09-26 Inga Druță Institute of Philology, Academy of Science of Moldova Bd. Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt 1, Chișinău, MD-2001, Moldova E-mail [email protected] Gabriela Șaganean Moldova State University Str. M.Kogălniceanu 65, Chișinău, MD-2009, Moldova Terminologija | 2012 | 19 2 3 3