Follow @TermList on Twitter! — Social Media as a Tool for Terminological Information and Activities

8 2 Ani a Nuopponen | Follow @Te mLis on Twi e ! — Social Media | as a Tool o Te minological In o ma ion and Ac i i ies Follow @Te mLis on Twi e ! — Social Media as a Tool o Te minological In o ma ion and Ac i i ies ANITA NUOPPONEN Uni e si y o Vaasa KEYWORDS: e minological ac i i ies, social media, compu e -media ed communica ion, con en sha ing, online collabo a ion 1. INTRODUCTION Te minology science and e minology wo k ha e always had a e y s ong emphasis on ne wo king, collabo a ing, and sha ing in o ma ion as well as on u ilizing and de eloping compu e so wa e o a ious ac i i ies o he ield. This pape in eg a es wo esea ch in e es s o he au ho : e minology and compu e media ed communica ion (CMC), and belongs o a se ies o pape s whe e he adap ion o CMC echnologies o e minology wo k and dissemina ion o e minological in o ma ion ha e been e iewed1. The ollowing ci a ion is om Nuopponen 1996 p esen ed a he TKE con e ence in Vienna: “The Web is an ideal pla o m o a ious kinds o e minological ac i i ies. I is no only an online a chi e o s o age o elec onic documen s o a wo ld- wide bibliog aphy o encyclopedia o e minological and e minog aphical in o ma ion bu i can play an impo an ole as an in e ac i e collabo a i e communica ion ool in e minological esea ch, e minog aphical p ojec s, as well as in educa ion. E en hough he e a e al eady plen y o e minological ac i i ies in he Web, he majo pa is s ill missing — hope ully no e y long.” (Nuopponen 1996) Mos o he majo ac o s in e minological in o ma ion dissemina ion and coo dina ion, such as In o e m and Te mNe and na ional e minology cen es we e s ill missing on he web — a ac ha may seem ha d o unde s and oday. Howe e , he ob ious eason o i was ha he Wo ld 1 “Te minological in o ma ion” e e s o in o ma ion ela ed o e ms and concep s, e minological p oduc s, me hods, heo ies, esea ch and o he ac i i ies e c. 8 3Te minologija | 2013 | 20 Wide Web was s ill b and new back hen, and he i s easy- o-use web b owse s appea ed a ound 1993. The In e ne opened o comme cial use as la e as a ound 1991–1993, he yea s 1994–1995 being he b eak h ough yea s. A he Uni e si y o Vaasa, we had been ollowing he de elopmen o he In e ne om he la e 1980’s, and 1994 I es ablished Te m-Lis mailing-lis and Te minology Fo um web po al o e minology ela ed in o ma ion. Since hen, mo e ools o online in e ac ion and in o ma ion dissemina ion ha e become a ailable, he la es being social media, he use o which has sp ead o almos any ield o human ac i i y. In And eas Kaplan’s and Michael Haenlein’s (2010) wo ds, social media could ac ually “be seen as an e olu ion back o he In e ne ’s oo s, since i e ans o ms he Wo ld Wide Web o wha i was ini ially c ea ed o : a pla o m o acili a e in o ma ion exchange be ween use s”. I is ime o he nex e iew o he si ua ion. This a icle discusses how he e minologis s u ilize o could u ilize he In e ne and mo e speci ically social media o e minological ac i i ies and o dissemina ion o e minological in o ma ion oday. The ou a o dances o social media p esen ed by Je ey W. T eem and Paul M. Leona di (2012) who discuss he kinds o beha io s social media suppo s a e aken as a heo e ical amewo k. Only hose social media si es o applica ions a e aken unde sc u iny whe e e minological in o ma ion, con en o ac i i ies could be ound. 2. SOCIAL MEDIA Since he concep o social media is e ol ing i s de ini ion is ha d o pin down. O en au ho s eso o gi e an ex ensional de ini ion by enume a ing “ he ypes o echnologies ha people ecognize, implici ly, as social media (e.g. blogs, wikis, Social Ne wo king Si es, social agging, e c.)” as T eem and Leona di (2012: 145) poin ou in hei analysis o p e ious social media s udies. In Figu e 1, he e is a en a i e ypology o he ypes o social media. I is di icul o ou line a concep sys em o social media because he so wa e and se ices o echnologies a e cons an ly being de eloped and mo phed in o some hing new. Fo ins ance, in he beginning Twi e was associa ed wi h blogs, bu now i is used o news sha ing, social bookma king, and i is compe ing wi h social ne wo king si es such as Facebook and Google+. 8 4 Ani a Nuopponen | Follow @Te mLis on Twi e ! — Social Media | as a Tool o Te minological In o ma ion and Ac i i ies Figu e 1. A ough ypology o compu e media ed communica ion In ensional de ini ions o he concep o social media qui e o en emphasize ea u es such as online exis ence, con en c ea ion by he use s, displaying he con en o o he s, sha ing, and in e ac i i y. These cha ac e is ics, howe e , do no ye dis inguish social media adequa ely om he adi ional CMC (see Figu e 1) (T eem, Leona di 2012: 145). Email, mailing-lis s e c. ha e many o hese ea u es. In addi ion o he gene ally men ioned cha ac e is ics o social media T eem and Leona di (2012) emphasize he kinds o beha io s social media ypically a o d — wha we can do wi h hese ools. As a o dances hey lis : • isibili y (con ibu ions can be easily loca ed and iewed), • pe sis ence (social media main ains he compiled knowledge o e ime), • edi abili y (messages can be ca e ully c a ed p io o sending), • associa ion (be ween indi iduals, be ween indi iduals and con en o be ween an ac o and a p esen a ion, con en and con en ). T eem and Leona di (2012: 148–150) no e ha hese a o dances apply also o he adi ional CMC and o he ypes o communica ion echnologies u ilized in o ganiza ions. The di e ence is ha social media echnologies ha e po en ial o ha e high le els o all o hese a o dances simul aneously. 8 5Te minologija | 2013 | 20 (Ibid.) Fo ins ance, emails can be c a ed ca e ully and s o ed and sea ched, howe e , hey ha e limi ed isibili y. Fu he mo e, he sende canno edi o emo e sen message. A da abase en y may ha e isibili y bu i may lack associa ion, e.g. discussion be ween hose who a e edi ing he en y. E en hough T eem and Leona di (2012) a e alking abou o ganiza ional se ings, much o wha hey say applies also o communica ion inside a discipline, in his case he ield o e minology. In he ollowing, oday’s e minological ac i i ies online and possibili ies ha social media o e o his ield will be discussed. 3. TERMINOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES ONLINE In Nuopponen 1996, he u u e o e minological ac i i ies on he web was ou lined as shown in Figu e 2. Figu e 2. Some possible de elopmen s o e minological ac i i ies on he Web (Nuopponen 1996) Un il hen, g ea e o s we e pu in o compiling bibliog aphies and dissemina ing in o ma ion on p in ed e minological p oduc s. Today, he u u e p edic ed in he pape , is qui e accu a e, because he web is now u ilized o all o hese, e.g. p in ed bibliog aphies ha e been eplaced by online lis ings o publica ions and we ha e di ec access o as amoun 8 6 Ani a Nuopponen | Follow @Te mLis on Twi e ! — Social Media | as a Tool o Te minological In o ma ion and Ac i i ies o ele an ex s and documen s. Sea ch engines, link lis s, home pages and social ne wo king si es ha e made p in ed who is who publica ions edundan and an iqua ed. 4. TERMINOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN SOCIAL MEDIA Va ious e minology- ela ed ac i i ies in social media ha e been sea ched o in o de o ind a pa e n o wha is done and wha could be done. Seen om he pe spec i e o social media, e minological ac i i ies can be di ided oughly in o ne wo king, sha ing, mee ing, collabo a ing, eaching and aining, and doing esea ch (Figu e 3). Each o hese has i s own equi emen s and he e is no single social media si e, pla o m o applica ion ha would se e hem all. Figu e 3. Te minological ac i i ies in social media 4.1. Ne wo king Ne wo king e e s he e bo h o (1) inding he igh pe sons and o ganiza ions o connec wi h, and o (2) econnec ing and keeping in ouch as well as o discussing common in e es s. Social ne wo king si es (SNS) such as LinkedIn and Facebook2, enable he use s o ind hose ha hey al eady know and o connec wi h hem, o see who is connec ed wi h whom and who does wha . Indeed, he e is al eady a la ge ne wo k o e minology esea che s and e minologis s o be ound in LinkedIn. Ea lie , inding his in o ma ion and building a p o essional ne wo k equi ed equen pa icipa ion in e minological e en s, co espondence and email exchange. On a SNS, he in o ma ion is easy o edi and does no disappea as easily as business ca ds a e a con e ence. Seen om he o he angle, SNS a o ds isibili y o he use s. T eem and Leona di (2012) say ha “social media a o d use s he abili y o make 2 O he popula social ne wo king si es a e Google+, O ku (popula in India, B azil), SinaWeibo (China), Vkon ak e (Russia). See mo e, e.g. h p://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Lis _o _social_ne wo king_websi es. 8 7Te minologija | 2013 | 20 hei beha io s, knowledge, p e e ences, and communica ion ne wo k connec ions ha we e once in isible (o a leas e y ha d o see) isible o o he s”. Especially LinkedIn (linkedin.com), which is mo e p o essionally o ien ed han Facebook ( acebook.com) has become commonplace o link wi h people we mee a con e ences and mee ings. Ins ead o exchanging business ca ds we may say “you can ind me in LinkedIn” o send in i a ions o people we ha e me and o connec wi h hem. The use p o ile in LinkedIn could also be cha ac e ized as a dynamic and in e ac i e CV since he use s can upda e hei da a and connec ions may endo se he skills and w i e ecommenda ions. The use s pos s a us upda es and ollow each o he ’s messages. In addi ion, he si es hemsel es analyze use s’ da a and exis ing con ac s, and ecommend new connec ions o con en , which may o may no be ele an . Compa ed o social media, discussions in email o on a mailing-lis ha e limi ed isibili y. Social media gi e also he possibili y o edi messages ca e ully, o dele e al eady submi ed messages, o add ess a la ge g oup wi hou messing up he mailboxes, o sea ch and access messages la e on, e c. (T eem, Leona di 2012: 148) A SNS si e like LinkedIn p o ides people wi h a ious kind o in o ma ion which also a home page may do, bu SNS si es a e no mally mo e dynamic and acili a e in e ac ion: endo sing connec ions, sending messages, sha ing news o o he con en , joining g oups wi h special in e es s and discussing in hese g oups. In adi ional CMC discussions, opinions, and commen s ha e been conduc ed and exp essed as email messages, mailing-lis con e sa ions o synch onous o asynch onous online cha . Email-based ools a e limi ed o hei isibili y, only hose o whom he message is send ge i . A downside is ha mailboxes ge easily illed wi h leng hy con e sa ions. Ins ead, social media si es could be u ilized mo e o discussion enabling hus mo e people o join i . Fo ins ance in LinkedIn, i is possible o c ea e discussion g oups o join an exis ing one. Fo e minologis s, he e a e especially wo g oups: Te minology, managed by Ka a Wa bu on, and i s subg oup o Associa ion o Te minology and Knowledge T ans e managed by Hanne E dman Thomsen. U ilizing possibili ies like his is no wi hou p oblems ei he since i is easy o o ge being a membe in a g oup unless email no i ica ions ha e been u ned on. Email has become a ool ha is being used on a daily bases, bu SNS si es ha e no necessa ily gained he same deg ee o p esence in ou daily li es. 8 8 Ani a Nuopponen | Follow @Te mLis on Twi e ! — Social Media | as a Tool o Te minological In o ma ion and Ac i i ies 4.2. Sha ing One o he mos ypical ea u es o social media is sha ing — sha ing con en and me a-knowledge. In he ield o e minology, he con en could be ex s, publica ions, a icles, slideshows, e minological p oduc s, so wa e, ideo eco dings om cou ses e c. Me a-knowledge he e means in o ma ion on whe e o ind sha ed con en , links, news and e iews e c. Email, websi es, email newsle e s, online jou nals and online books o es and da a bases, ha e made sha ing and inding con en easie and as e . Social media enhance his se o ools, e.g. blogs, wiki, social agging, con en sha ing si es o ideos, ex s, pho os. Blogs a e use ul ools o sha ing hough s, ideas and opinions wi h each o he 3. They may ha e a possibili y o he eade s o join he con e sa ion and o sha e pos s o o he social media channels. Good examples om he ield o e minology a e BIK Te minology4 by Ba ba a Inge Ka sch, Te minology Blog by Te mNe 5, TNCs blogg (in Swedish) by The Swedish Cen e o Te minology6 and he Blog o Eu opean Pa liamen ’s Te minology Coo dina ion7. Also many companies ha e in e es ing e minology ela ed blogs: e.g. Mic oso 8 and SAP9 ha e blogs wi h discussion possibili ies o hei cus ome s, ansla o s and localize s. Blogs may o e ime become huge eposi o ies o in o ma ion as has happened wi h Te mCoo d’s o iginal blog10, which was ans o med in o a websi e. Link lis s on websi es a e s ill popula o sha ing me a-knowledge (e.g. Te minology Fo um11). Social media o e s u he op ions, e.g. Pin e es , Scoop.i . Pin e es is a e y popula social media si e used o sha ing (“pinning”) beau i ul pho os ound anywhe e on he web. In he a icle “Pin e es as a lib a y ma ke ing and in o ma ion li e acy ool”, Cyn hia Dudenho e (2012: 328) desc ibes Pin e es in he ollowing way: 3 Mo e e.g. Kaplan, Haenlein 2010 4 h p://bik e minology.com 5 h p:// e minologyblog.wo dp ess. com 6 h p://www. nc.se/TNCs-blogg 7 h p:// e mcoo d.eu/ blog 8 h p://blogs. echne .com/b/ e minology 9 h p://scn.sap.com/communi y/globaliza ion 10 h p:// e mcoo d.wo dp ess.com 11 h p://www.u a. i/ e mino 8 9Te minologija | 2013 | 20 “Pin e es allows membe s o “pin” i ems o images ound on he In e ne o a “pinboa d,” which can hen be easily sha ed h ough an e-mail link o by ollowing he c ea o . The boa ds a e publicly iewable so no login is equi ed, and he boa ds can be cons an ly upda ed. This ype o ool lends i sel e y well o sha ing in o ma ion o isual lea ne s and adi ionalis s alike, and can be main ained by lib a y s a quickly and easily. Lib a y acul y can also use Pin e es o c ea e “ esea ch po als,” o isual ep esen a ions o ideas used o kick o he esea ch and w i ing p ocess.” Some e minologis s ha e been expe imen ing wi h same kind o usage o e minology, e.g. Te minology Fo um12 has Pin e es boa ds o Te m banks wi h links o e m bank websi es, Te minological li e a u e wi h book co e s o e minological li e a u e om si es whe e hey can be pu chased o downloaded om, and so on (see Figu e 4). O he s may sha e he indings, like o commen hem. Scoop.i is simila o Pin e es bu mo e ex o ien ed (see e.g. h p://www.scoop.i /u/ e minology- o um). These could be desc ibed also as social con en cu a ion si es, whe e he use s agg ega e (links o) exis ing con en acco ding o hei in e es s and sha e hei indings wi h hei ollowe s. Figu e 4. Pin e es boa ds o Te minology Fo um 12 h p://www.pin e es .com/ e mlis 9 0 Ani a Nuopponen | Follow @Te mLis on Twi e ! — Social Media | as a Tool o Te minological In o ma ion and Ac i i ies News sha ing could be aken as a sepa a e ca ego y o sha ing. In oduc ion o email, mailing-lis s, email newsle e s, and websi es made sp eading and acqui ing e.g. e en in o ma ion easie . Fo a while an e o was made o compile e en in o ma ion on he Te minology Fo um po al, bu he idea was soon abandoned, because inding he in o ma ion and edi ing webpages ook oo much e o and could no be done egula ly. Today, Twi e and mobile de ices (phone/ able ) o e ed a be e solu ion: i is easy o ollow wee s o o he use s who a e in e es ed in e minology ela ed e en s and con en and ( e) wee he in o ma ion o he ollowe s. I is a as way o send and o wa d in o ma ion on a ious e minological e en s (see Figu e 5). Mobile applica ions ha e b ough social media in mobile phones and able s whe e he social media news eeds and messages can be easily accessed whene e we ha e some ex a ime. Figu e 5. Resul s o he Twi e sea ch e minology (8.11.2013) Also Facebook is u ilized by o ganiza ions o publish news. Twi e a o ds be e isibili y, because in addi ion o he ollowe s, anybody can ind he message h ough a sea ch o a wo d (e.g. e minology), “hash ag” (# e minology), o use (@ e mlis ). Facebook is gea ed owa ds associa ion be ween use s while in Twi e he s onges associa ion is o en be ween he sende and he con en . Some o he mos ele an wi e e s o be ollowed o hose in e es ed in e minological news and e en s a e Uwe- Muegge, Rodol o Maslias, Te mCoo d, Te mNe and Te mLis .