Tarptautinė jungtinė Lietuvių terminologijos forumo (LTF) ir Lietuvių kalbos instituto konferencija „Moksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys“

214 Vitalija Špokienė International Joint Conference of the Lithuanian Terminology egidijus Zaikauskas irLietuviųkalbosinstitutokonferencijaMoksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys Forum (LTF) and the Lithuanian Language Institute Scientific, Administrative and Educational Terminology Components VITALIJA ŠPOKIENĖ European Commission Directorate-General for Translation EGIDIJUS ZAIKAUSKAS European Commission Directorate-General for Translation On 4-5 June in Vilnius iii the conference hall of the Seimas Palace (Gedimino pr. 53) was held an international scientific terminology conference Scientific, administrative and educational terminology comparatives. The conference was organized by the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, the Coordination Group of the Lithuanian Terminology Forum (LTF), the Lithuanian Language Department of the Directorate General for Translation of the European Commission, the Chancellery of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, the State Lithuanian Language Commission, the Lithuanian Language Unit of the Directorate General for Translation of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union and infoterm. The fifth conference of the Lithuanian Terminology Forum (LTF) is jubilee. For the fifth time, specialists gathered in the Lithuanian Seimas hall – people who face the problems of terminology in their daily work and solve them. Previous conferences have focused on discussing and discussing practical topics. However, this year the idea arose to expand the scope of the fifth conference. The idea of organizing a joint conference of the Lithuanian Terminology Forum and the Lithuanian Language Institute on the topic “Scientific, administrative and educational aspects of terminology”, proposed by the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, proved to be very interesting. Therefore, this year the conference was divided into two parts – the first day was dedicated to theoretical scientific terminology issues, and the second to traditional practical topics. The purpose of this review is to discuss the work of the Joint Terminology Conference. 215Terminologija | 2015 | 22 During the first day, 15 presentations were heard. The authors of the papers are invited guests and Lithuanian specialists. Scientists from various countries read their presentations – in addition to the Lithuanian hosts, guests from Austria, Latvia, Hungary, Spain, Russia and Germany spoke. The topic of the reports is very broad – nuo teorinių terminologijos ir kalbotyros problemų analizės iki praktinių klausimų nagrinėjimo. The conference was opened by Audronė Pitrėnienė, Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Lithuania. She recalled that the annual conferences on Lithuanian language terminology, which discuss theoretical and practical issues, are very important for the development of the language and everyday usage practice. The first presentation was given by Georg Löckinger from the University of Applied Sciences of Upper Austria. The theme of the lecture was “Terminology work – good practice and what lies behind it”. It is interesting that the speaker represents the Austrian school of terminology, a very important school whose scholars (the Vienna School) are considered the pioneers of terminology. In his presentation the professor emphasized the importance of closer relationship between terminology and other related fields. Today, terminology work is done by professionals, work standards have been established, theoretical discussions are taking place. However, in the future, it will be very important to continue to promote cooperation with those in related fields, for example with software developers, as this connection is essential for further development. The professor gave a specific example – analyzing the tools and sources used by translators in their work, he found that they mostly rely on translation memories and term bases, but lack textbooks integrated into translation programs. Of course, large organizations face such a shortage less often, but freelance translators feel such a need. It would be very helpful if the developers of translation software were aware of this need. Therefore, close interdisciplinary cooperation is important and the need for it will only increase in the future. The guest from Latvia Juris Baldunčiks (Ventspils University of Applied Sciences) followed. He discussed the trends of Latvian terminology, i.e. the original and secondary nominations. The professor presented interesting examples from the history of Latvian term creation and stated that German and Russian languages had a great influence on the term creation processes. I think that one of the examples given by the professor, the equivalents of the word hotdog in Lithuanian and Latvian, caught the attention of the audience. English equivalent sausage, 216 Vitalija Špokienė According to the professor of the Lithuanian Terminology Forum egidijus Zaikauskas irLietuviųkalbosinstitutokonferencijaMoksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys (LTF), the International Joint is the result of a more detailed analysis of the concept. Latvians, it seems, do not have such a precise term. When creating terms, it is important to understand the possibilities of creating terms, to perform a more thorough analysis of concepts, to use associative thinking. Asta Mitkevičienė from the Lithuanian Language Institute presented an analysis of some theoretical aspects of synonymy of terms. The presentation discussed the types of systematic (non-contextual) synonyms, distinguished according to the structure of terms, language conjugations and the root of terms. The rapporteur emphasized that the study of synonymy of terms encounters difficulties of their recognition and selection. Questions of synonymy of terms proved to be very relevant – Dr. Rasuolė Vladarskienė from Vilnius Gediminas Technical University spoke about this later in the conference. She presented interesting and relevant considerations about borrowed and Lithuanian economic terms. The rapporteur presented the theoretical aspects of this problem in detail and concluded that there is constantly fierce competition between synonymous terms. It is a constant state of terminology, as new phenomena appear and terms are sought to name them. There are many variants of terms in Lithuanian economic terminology, there is a lack of a larger original explanatory dictionary of economic terms, and the dictionaries of economic terms, which were prepared a long time ago, should be updated and supplemented. The Latvian theme of the conference was continued in the pre-lunch session by Anita Butane, a guest from the Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia. The topic of her presentation was “The role of terminology in educational processes: the creation and harmonization of linguistic terms in Latvia at the beginning of the 20th century”. The lecturer read the presentation in Lithuanian, it was interesting to get acquainted with the broader history of Latvian linguistic terms, to learn very inventive Latvian names of punctuation marks (period – graudiņš “grain”, comma – skabarga “point”). The presentation of the guest from Latvia was followed by a presentation by Regina Kvašytė from Šiauliai University on the comparative study of terms in linguistics of the same field, i.e. Lithuanian and Latvian languages. The speaker compared the terms of linguistics of both languages, tried to clarify the trends in the use of terms, characteristic features and patterns. At the end of the first session of the conference, Robertas Stunžinas from the Lithuanian Language Institute gave a presentation on Lithuanian equivalents of the term sustainability. in fact, this topic is extremely relevant for translators in practice. The English term corresponds to almost two dozen Lithuanian equivalents. Such abundance, in the author’s opinion, may have been caused by the opacity of concepts, the search for more precise equivalents 217Terminology | 2015 | 22 forest. Such a study is very important for translators, who encounter this term very often. It is useful to familiarize yourself with a detailed analysis, see aboutfrom Klaus-Dirk Schmitz of the čių spektrą ir tendencijas, išsiaiškinti visus galimus reikšmės atspalvius. Popietinį mokslinės konferencijos posėdį pradėjo kviestinis pranešėjas University of Applied Sciences in Cologne. The subject of his presentation was terms in texts and the difficulties they pose for terminology management. Using interesting examples, the speaker spoke very vividly and clearly about terminology based on conceptual analysis, the importance of term autonomy and the selection of terms from texts. In the afternoon, most of the conference’s presentations were devoted to specific topics, tyrimams. such as the use of automated terminology tools (erika Rimkutė, Loïcas Boizou and Jolanta Kovalevskaitė from Vytautas Magnus University). The speaker L. Boizou spoke in Lithuanian, it was very interesting to hear about the ongoing research and that the kiai bus prieinami internetu. Ágota Fóris from Charles Gaspar University presented a report on the development of an English-Hungarian database on laser physics. We learned that a large (about 5000 terms) English-Hungarian dictionary of laser physics has been prepared. The speaker talked about the work on the dictionary, the cooperation between linguists and experts and future plans. Ricardo Eito-Brun from the Carlos III University of Madrid presented a very interesting study based on bibliometric analysis. The scientific texts of the Space Agency and the frequency of the used terms were examined. The author explained in detail how to collect the terms, based on which the visual research maps are made. and the polysemy of the English term and its reference word. In the presentation “About abbreviations of terms (and not only) in legislation” Daiva Nenartavičiūtė from the Ministry of Finance summarized the practical problems of the use of abbreviations: the introduction of abbreviations, their validity in a specific legislation, discussed cases when it is better to use terms or general words instead of abbreviations, gave recommendations on how to avoid the problems that arise. Valerijonas Žalkauskas from Vilnius University spoke about the major dictionaries of the Polytechnic and their preparation. Dictionaries are a huge volume of work, when it is necessary to solve many issues arising in the handling of ambiguous terms and other complex terminology issues. In addition to these practical presentations, in the afternoon session egidijus egidijus Zaikauskas irLietuviųkalbosinstitutokonferencijaMoksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys Zaikauskas and Audra ivanauskienė spoke about the one-stop-shop system as a means of harmonizing the terms of complex European Union documents (the first request was made in the beginning of 2011, until March 2015 143 requests were made); the rapporteurs pointed out the problems and difficulties and at the same time welcomed the results achieved over the five years. In summary, the first part of the joint conference was a very good introduction to the meeting on the second day of the conference. We heard many interesting and diverse presentations, which gave everyone the opportunity to feel the wider context, to get acquainted with the research of scientists and to convince once again that mutual benefits can only be achieved through continuous close cooperation. On the second day of the conference, before lunch, Vitalija Špokienė (European Commission) summarized the work of the first day of the conference, four presentations were read, and after lunch the traditional discussion panels took place. Arūnas Butkevičius, Head of the Lithuanian Language Department of the Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission and Chairman of the Lithuanian Terminology Forum, reviewed the results of the LTF’s activities in 2011–2015. During this time, five LTF conferences took place, in which more than 700 participants listened to presentations and discussed topical terminology issues. Four terminology seminars were held for Lithuanian experts (one together with colleagues from the Bank of Lithuania), lectures on terminology theory were given and practical seminars were held at Lithuanian universities. The LTF helps build closer relationships between eS translators and Lithuanian experts: a number of LTF experts advise eS translators on terms, become implementers of field-specific terminology projects, give lectures to translators in their field, make suggestions for terminological one-stop-shop (VLS) queries. The LTF also contributes to strengthening the position of terminology as a science and raising the prestige of terminology as a subject taught in Lithuanian universities. Since the first conference in June 2011, the number of LTF members has grown from 70 to 120, the forum’s activities have been reported in the Latvian press, on Latvian radio and television. The LTF website http://ec.europa.eu has become an important means of disseminating terminological information. eu/translation/lithuanian/ltf/index_lt.htm1. 1 The LTF website also publishes an overview of the fifth conference of the Lithuanian Terminology Forum, supplemented with summaries of some presentations, slides and other terminological material. 219Terminologija | 2015 | 22 Pranešimą apie terminologijos padėtį Lietuvoje, apie mokslinius terminologijos tyrimus, terminų tvarkybos procesus ir terminologijos dėstymą Dr. Albina Auksoriūtė, Head of the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, read. The speaker talked about terminology in Lithuania, about the activities of the LKI Terminology Centre and the VLKK Terminology Subcommittee, about the preparation of terminology dictionaries, presented tuvių kalbos terminų bazes, nagrinėjo dabartinę terminologijos švietimo the most important terms in Lithuania. The speaker emphasized the status of są, būtinybę Lietuvos universitetų studentams išmokti vartoti tinkamus terminology as a metascience and the importance of knowing the basics of terminology. She also pointed out how important it is for Lithuanian scientists to publish their ideas in Lithuanian. eS Council lawyer-linguists ieva Panavaitė and indrė Mockaitytė via a television bridge from Brussels emphasized that the role of Council lawyer-linguists in the review process of draft eS legislation is important. The eS Institutions’ Lawyer-Linguists are the last link in the quality assurance of eS legislation and are also responsible for avoiding the legal consequences of incorrect translation. The speakers introduced the peculiarities of their work, the problems that lawyer-linguists often have to solve, what lawyer-linguists correct and what they do not correct in eS draft legislation. The speakers recalled that the versions of the eS legislation in all official eS languages have the same legal value, therefore efforts are being made to ensure that their terms convey the concepts as uniformly as possible. It was also recalled that the new eS legislation gives priority to the regular terms used in previous eS legislation and avoids the terminology of national law, in this case – the law of the Republic of Lithuania. Laima Mašalaitė-Chouteau, a lawyer-linguist from the European Parliament, briefly explained the specifics of the work of the eP lawyer-linguists. Dr. Andrius Utka, Head of the Computer Linguistics Centre (KLC) at VDU, presented a detailed overview of suitable and specially developed computer tools for terminological data search, selection and analysis. According to the rapporteur, necessary terminological information can be found not only in dictionaries and databases, scientific articles, legislation and technical descriptions, but also in social networks and blogs. However, the search for such information takes a lot of time, so specialized terminology works are more suitable for 220 Vitalija Špokienė International joint Lithuanian Terminology Forum (LTF) tools, egidijus Zaikauskas irLietuviųkalbosinstitutokonferencijaMoksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys such as term management systems such as AnyLexic, MemoQ, Multiterm TRADOS, etc. Special programs are also used to extract terms from texts. The speaker presented a study of automated selection of educational and scientific terminology carried out by his centre, which is described in detail in the monograph Automated recognition and definition of Lithuanian language terms (2015) prepared by KLC employees. After lunch, the participants divided into groups according to their interests and discussed in the traditional discussion tables. The workshop, led by Dr. A. Auksoriūtė (LKi) and A. ivanauskienė (VLKK), discussed the situation of terminology and education in Lithuania: scientific research on terminology, terminology teaching in Lithuanian higher education institutions, the relationship between knowledge of the special field, general linguistics, mother tongue and special terminology in the training of specialists. A brief report on the situation of the academic Lithuanian language was read by Dr. Daiva Vaišnienė (VLKK). She introduced the participants of the workshop to the study of the correctness of Lithuanian language used in higher education, which was carried out by the VLKK. The participants of the discussion agreed on how to encourage Lithuanian scientists, university lecturers and students to take more care of the Lithuanian language and the terminology of their specialty. Colleagues from the ICC have put forward their proposals. One workshop was dedicated to the similarities and differences of legal terminology in the institutions of the European Union and the Republic of Lithuania. The discussions were led by ieva Mainardi (European Parliament) and Dr. Auksė Razanovaitė (Ministry of Justice), while colleagues from the eS Council and the European Parliament participated in the discussion via video link. First, the participants were asked whether the term legal terminology is possible. However, it was agreed that in Lithuanian language it is appropriate to distinguish between the terms terminology and terminology, therefore it is appropriate to talk about legal terms, legal terminology, and the term legal terminology does not mean any concept. Further discussions were held on the necessity of consistent terminology not only in a single legislative act, but also on the harmonization of terms of the eS and the institutions of the Republic of Lithuania and on various other legal and linguistic aspects of terminology. Tęsiant dr. A. Utkos pranešimo temą trečioje artelėje diskutuota kompiuterinių priemonių naudojimo, naudos, galimybių ir kliūčių terminų in order issues. Moderators Dr. A. Utka (VDU) and e. Zaikauskas (European Commission) presented several tools for managing and analyzing texts and terminology: a very simple Microsoft Word function- 221Terminology | 2015 | 22 this macrocommand application „Šluota“2 for handling proofing marks and the complex and expensive „SDL TRADOS“ module „Multiterm“. There was talk about the possibilities of collecting, accumulating, managing and analyzing various terms provided by ordinary computer programs and systems installed in many computers, such as Google, MS Excel, MS Access, etc. It turned out that most of the discussion participants use standard computer programs for terminology work and only one other – specialized computer terminology tools and only if such tools are provided by employers, e.g. large institutions. In the workshop dedicated to current issues of agriculture, fisheries and forestry terminology (moderators – Zigmas Medingis (Ministry of Agriculture) and Rita Dedonienė (European Commission)), the conference participants clarified specific terms of agriculture, fisheries and forestry and what Lithuanian terms should be used to refer to them. Such terms as forestry vs. forestry, caught fish vs. catch, state support vs. state aid, storage vs. storage were discussed, the terms of fruit (vegetables, milk) consumption promotion program in schools were discussed, when the same English term scheme should be translated as scheme, when program and when system, the hierarchy of terms marked with Lithuanian term elements locality, territory, zone and district was discussed. The nature of terminological errors in legislation and ways of correcting them were also discussed. Dr. D. Vaišnienė made the closing remarks and summarized the work of the conference. The Chairperson of the VLKK noted that the Lithuanian Terminology Forum is important not only for Lithuanian terminology, but also for the Lithuanian language as a whole, that the forum contributes to the formation of linguistic attitudes not only in eS institutions and Lithuanian government bodies, but also in Lithuanian academic and educational institutions. The speaker regretted that internationalization and globalization gradually but very consistently reduce the scope of Lithuanian as a state language. The tendency of Lithuanian scientists to publish their research results (articles, monographs, dissertations) in languages other than Lithuanian affects Lithuanian terminology. The Lithuanian language is gradually being pushed out of the educational process, thus increasing the gap between specialists and society. 2 It can be downloaded free of charge from the LTF website http://ec.europa.eu/translation/lithuanian/ltf/index_en.htm – link to the archived file in the review of the 5th LTF conference. 222 Vitalija Špokienė The International Joint Lithuanian Terminology Forum (LTF) and egidijus Zaikauskas irLietuviųkalbosinstitutokonferencijaMoksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys VLKK affair, and the Lithuanian Terminology Forum is a good example of joint care for Lithuanian terminology affairs. The LTF is an important network of colleagues who care about Lithuanian terminology and the fate of the Lithuanian language, spreading the ideas of harmonious Lithuanian terminology and a strong state language to specialists and the general public. Retrieved 2015-07-22. Vitalija Špokienė European Commission Bâtiment Jean Monnet C3/115, rue Alcide de Gasperi, L-2920 Luxembourg, Luxembourg e-mail [email protected] European egidijus Zaikauskas Commission Jean Monnet Building C3/115, rue Alcide de Gasperi, L-2920 Luxembourg, Luxembourg e-mail [email protected]