Barzdžių kaimo XVII amžiaus pavardės

202 Languages and Culture | 83 PRANAS KNIŪKŠTA lietuvių kalbos institutas barZDŽIŲ KaIMo There are several places in Lithuania known by the name Barzdžių. The administrative-territorial division guide (1976: 29) mentions barzdžių villages in Kretingos, Širvintų, Telšių districts, and the Jùrbarkas district village of the same name. The Lithuanian Place Names Dictionary (2008: 394) also mentions a village in Jurbarkas district, a single-family home in Raseiniai district, and a manor house in Vaniai. In the Rākiškis district there are root-pronounced verbs. Here I will talk about my native barzdžių – Kretingos district barzdžių village and its people names. It is assumed that the name of barzdžių village originated from the personal name of people who once lived here Barzdỹs. in Lithuania the name Barzdys has survived to our times. The Lithuanian surname dictionary (1985: 207) indicates that in the interwar years there were eighteen families with this surname in Lithuania, mostly in the Kretingos, Plùngės and Sedõs districts; from the salantd neighborhoods, therefore from the bearded, it is not recorded. It was not found in older sources mentioning the village of Barzdziai. The oldest recorded data about the inhabitants of Barzdziai and their names are in the baptismal and marriage records of the Salanti church, which were written from 1631. One book of baptismal records, covering records from 1631 to 1640, is kept in the Manuscripts Department of the Martynas Mažvydas Library (Metrica sive registrum baptizatorum eclesiae Skiłąndensis; Sałąnty od r. 1631 do roku 1640). Another such book, covering records from 1641 to 1659, is kept in the archives of the Salant church (Salantensis Bapt.: Ab Anno 1641 Ad 1659). I am more familiar with the book from 1641-1659, and I basically rely on its records here; I will mention the previous book's entries only in passing, as additions. The book contains many interesting facts from the history of the Salans and their surroundings. among other things, bearded people and their inhabitants are often mentioned. Many children born in Barzdys were baptized and registered, many of their parents and godparents who lived here were mentioned, but the surname Barzdys is not mentioned there. Mr. Booker. 203 explanatory (textual) entries in the book for the 17th century surname of barzdžių village are Latin, personal names are Latin forms: Bapt. Filium Ioannem; Baptism. Filiam Marinam. Pronouns and surnames are written in Polish letters, according to Polish spelling rules: the sound “v” is written with the letter w, the sound “š” is written with the combination of letters sz, the sound “č” is written with cz, etc. The adverbs -aitis, -aitė are written -aytis, -ayte, e.g. : Twaronaytis, Miłaszaytis, Czepayte. In the article I present the surnames transliterated in Lithuanian letters, according to the current Lithuanian spelling rules: Tvaronaitis, Milašaitis, Čepaitė, etc. The conjugated forms of the surnames are also presented transliterated in Lithuanian letters, and next to them in parentheses and as they were written: Eidukova (Eydukowa), Stefanovič (Stefanowicz). The reviewed book is considerably damaged, several pages at the beginning and a few at the end are faded, unreadable. hard-to-read pages are also in other places, so the book is not reviewed everywhere in the same way – in some places in full and consistent, elsewhere only selected individual facts. The data on the inhabitants of Barzdziai are entirely selected from the records of 1643-1645. During those three years, 17 children were baptized from the barbs and 17 parents’ names were written down. There are 15 different surnames (Vilkaitis is in three entries), of which only two are primary – one is morphologically normal Blozeris, the other is without an ending – Benik. The other thirteen are paternal surnames: Ankštakaitis, Čepaitis, Dvaronaitis, Eidukaitis, Jonaitis, Kidikaitis, Milašaitis, Mockaitis, Stasaitis, Tauraitis, Vabalaitis, Vilkaitis, Žutaitis. More precisely, they are patronymic surnames, because they are composed not only of the names of the parents, but also of other personal names meaning the father. Most of them were probably only patronymic names, not inherited surnames. They can be called surnames because they come after the name in the records. Some of the names of the godparents are the same as the surnames of the parents, but there are also new ones. Six new patronymic surnames: Lekstutaitis, Pikturnaitis, Skaidutaitis, Steponaitis, Urbonaitis, Valutaitis; Five other new surnames: three morphologically normal – Alekstutis, Kadys, Milašius, one without an ending – Lazar, one of a conjugated form – Urbanovič (Urbanowicz). Over the course of three years, six primary names, one conjugated name and 19 patronymic names of men were written from the beards. The mothers’ names are not recorded in the records of that year – the parents’ names and surnames, the mothers’ names only: Christened the son of John Adam Wilkaytis and Anete de Barzdzie (Bapt. The surnames of the godmothers are written everywhere – in total there are 17. different surnames 15, of which 10 are female: Bružaitė, Eidukaitė, Kadaitė, Kidikaitė, Lekstutaitė, Milašaitė, Pilkaitė, Pusinaitė, Srutaitė, Urbonaitė. three married women 204 Languages Culture | 83 surnames with suffix -ienė: Kidrečienė, Milašienė, Vilkienė; two bent – Eidukova (Eydukowa) and Raygaisiowa (Raygaisiowa). The most common name of the village of bearded men of that year is Vilkaitis. in three places the child’s parents are written as such and in three places – the godparents. The Milašiai family name is also common: there is a godfather Milašius, father Milašaitis, godmothers Milašaitė and Milašienė. It is written twice, Kidikaitis and Kidikaitė. There are Eidukaitis, Eidukaitė and Eydukowa. There are names derived from Urbonas: once written Urbonaitis, twice Urbonaitė, once folded Urbonas’s name Urbanovič (Urbanowicz). The fact that they are the same family can be seen from the record where Urbanovič and Urbonaitė are the christening parents of the same child. From the other names of the decade, no names have been chosen, but even after a selective look, a lot of them have been found. Some of the same names are repeated, but there are also different ones. There were no new non-derived names, but seven new patronymic surnames of men were found: Kripaitis, Lukošaitis, Merkaitis, Povilaitis, Ščeponaitis, Tvarionaitis, Žalimaitis. There are a lot of new maiden names: Bučaitė, Čepaitė, Grigalaitė, Jonaitė, Mickaitė, Stankaitė, Tvarionaitė, Vilkaitė, Zokaitė (there are both christening mothers and child mothers written as such). One godmother was registered with a married name – Lekstutienė. Many new names in the 1950s records. There are only a few new non-patronymous male names: Gložis, Srutis, Vilkas (written also without the ending Vilk), Kiaulianis. Two new conjugated surnames of the godparents appeared – Kawalski and Stefanowicz, the latter written in four places. There are almost no female surnames with the suffix -ienė, only one – Stropienė. The number of conjugated surnames formed with the suffix -ova (-owa) has increased: Wilkiowa, Laiwiowa, Kiaulanowa, Waistkoiowa, Kadaiciowa. As before, the patronymic adverbs -aitis, -aitė are Vedic. Eleven new patronymic male names: Bručaitis, Graužaitis, Kniupštaitis, Lietutaitis, Motiejaitis, Petraitis, Pilypaitis, Romeikaitis, Šeputaitis, Urnikaitis, Vaitiekaitis. Even more new girl names: Akstinaitė, Andrutaitė, Butkaitė, Didikaitė, Dikaitė, Kniupštaitė, Kumpikaitė, Mykolaitė, Pembaitė, Petrikaitė, Povilaitė, Rojaitė, Stropaitė, Valantinaitė, Žilaitė, Žutaitė. Over the course of two decades, eight Lithuanian first names of men were recorded: Alekstutis, Blozeris, Gložis, Kadys, Kiaulianis, Milašius, Srutis, Vilkas. There are two other names written without limbs: Benik and Lazar. The first, without doubt, was Benic, the second could be Lazar, Lazar or simply Lazaros. Both seven female surnames are conjugated: Eidukova and Raigaiciova are written in the 1940s, Kiaulianova, Laiviova, Kadaiciova, Vilkiova, Vaistkojova – in the 1960s. These records show, firstly, that female surnames are more declining than male ones, Mr. Booker. 205 mentioned surnames are written in the same record – Father Benik, Godfather Lazar. The example of Vilkas shows that the endings of the surnames have been dropped arbitrarily – in one place (before) is written Vilkas, in another (later) Vilk. three male surnames with Polish suffixes: Urbanovič, Stefanovič, Kavalski. Urbanovič originated from Urbono, probably a conjugated form of Urbonaitis; Stefanovič can be bent into Steponaitis. in the beards were indeed both Urbonaitis and Steponaitis. Several conjugated male surnames indicate that the conjugation of names had already begun, but had not yet gained momentum. In total, five Lithuanian female surnames with suffix -ienė were found: Kidrečienė, Lekstutienė, Milašienė, Stropienė, Vilkienė. Four were recorded in the 1950s, Stropienė in the 1960s. From the female surnames it is possible to trace the former corresponding male surnames: the records include Vilkas and Vilkienė, Milašius and Milašienė; Stropienė, Kidrečienė and Lekstutienė do not have written male counterparts, but in the barzdžiai must have been their men Stropus, Kidrečis (Kidrečas), Lekstutis (such a surname was shown by Lekstutaitis with Lekstutaite). and secondly, that declining of female surnames has accelerated over the past decade. The latter tendency is confirmed by the fact that Vilkienė was written in the 1950s and Vilkiova in the 1960s. it is to be assumed that other such surnames also had surnames and could only be, and they were bent by the record writers. From the conjugated female surnames, the corresponding Lithuanian male surnames can be reconstructed. Their connection is clearly shown by the couples: Vilkas and Vilkiova (there is also Vilkienė), Kiaulianis and Kiaulianova. lietuviškus atitikmenis: Eidukienė, Laivienė, Kiaulianienė, Vaistkojienė, Kadaitienė, Raigaitienė. Gyvojoje vietos žmonių kalboje tik tokios moterų Although the names of the respective men are not recorded, it is clear that Eidukova is made from Eidukas (Eiduką paliudija Eidukaitis su Eidukaite), Laiviova – from Laivys, Vaistkojova – from Vaistkojis (or Vaistkojys). The conjugated female surnames are also made from patronymics: Kadaiciova from Kadaitis (not found in Kadaitis records, but there are Kadys and Kadaitė), Raigaiciova from Raigaitis. From the names of men directly recorded and traceable from the names of women, we have a total of 16 primary names of men: Alekstutis, Benikas, 206 Languages and Culture | 83 Eidukas, Gložis, Kadys, Kiaulianis, Kidrečis, Laivis, Lazaris, Lekstutis, Milašius, Srutis, Stropus, Vaistkojys, Vilkas. In the christening records in question there are much more names with patronymic suffixes -aitis, -aitė, if such patronymics can be called surnames. In the christening records book of male surnames with patronymic suffix -aitis there are 37: Ankštakaitis, Bručaitis, Čepaitis, Dvaronaitis, Eidukaitis, Graužaitis, Jonaitis, Kidikaitis, Kniupštaitis, Kripaitis, Lekstutaitis, Lietutaitis, Lukošaitis, Merkaitis, Milašaitis, Mockaitis, Motiejaitis, Petraitis, Pikturnaitis, Pilypaitis, Povilaitis, Romeikaitis, Skaidutaitis, Stasaitis, Steponaitis, Ščeponaitis, Šeputaitis, Tauraitis, Tvaronaitis, Urbonaitis, Urnikaitis, Vabalaitis, Vaitiekaitis, Valutaitis, Vilkaitis, Žalimaitis, Žutaitis. There are 35 female surnames with suffix -aitė in total: Akstinaitė, Andrutaitė, Bružaitė, Bučaitė, Butkaitė, Čepaitė, Didikaitė, Dikaitė, Eidukaitė, Grigalaitė, Jonaitė, Kadaitė, Kidikaitė, Kniupštaitė, Kumpikaitė, Lekstutaitė, Mickaitė, Milašaitė, Mykolaitė, Pembaitė, Petrikaitė, Pilkaitė, Povilaitė, Pusinaitė, Rojaitė, Srutaitė, Stankaitė, Stropaitė, Tvaronaitė, Urbonaitė, Valantinaitė, Vilkaitė, Zokaitė, Žilaitė, Žutaitė. A few of the found patronymic names are composed of the father's name. These are the real father names of men: Petraitis, Stasaitis, Lukošaitis, Motiejaitis, Pilypaitis, Steponaitis, Vaitiekaitis; male and female personal names: Jonaitis and Jonaitė, Povilaitis and Povilaitė, Urbonaitis and Urbonaitė; maiden names: Grigalaitė, Mykolaitė, Valantinaitė. Blozeris, but the vast majority of patronymic names are associated with such personal names that can be considered primary surnames. From the male patronymic surnames are traced: Ankštakys, Bručas, Dvaronas, Graužas, Kripas, Lietutis, Merkys, Mockus, Pikturnis, Romeika, Skaidutis, Ščeponas, Šeputis, Tauras, Urnikis, Vabalas, Valutis, Žalimas; from male and female: Čepas, Eidukas, Kidikas, Kniupšta, Lekstutis, Milašius, Tvaronas, Vilkas, Žutas; from females: Akstinas, Andrutis, Bružas, Bučas, Butkus, Didikas, Dikis, Kadys, Kumpikas, Mickus, Pemba (or Pembas), Petrikas, Pilkis (or Pilka), Pusinas, Rojus, Srutis, Stankus, Stropus, Zokas, Žilys (or Žilius). It is possible that these names may have been used in the village of bearded men in the 17th century. Only four of them are recorded in baptism records – Kadys, Milašius, Srutis and Vilkas; three more – Eidukas, Lekstutis, Stropus are traced from married women’s surnames. remain 40 names not actually recorded. the father’s names in the beards could have been brought from other places by women who came here and by men who came to them. such as their surnames, made up of Mr. Booker. The 17th-century name of barzdžių village 207 person originated, and in the baptismal record as a resident of barzdžių. For example, the iš kitų vietų pirminių pavardžių, buvo rašomos santuokų įrašuose, o pagal juos ir krikšto įrašuose, – tik santuokos įraše buvo įrašoma vieta, iš kur marriage was made between Albertas Vilkaitis from Barzdžiai and Apolonija Akstinaitė from Pečiai, and the baptism records of their son John state that he is the son of Albertas Vilkaitis and Apolonija Akstinaitė from Barzdžiai. Akstinita found herself in the beards, and Akstin, whose name is derived from her, lived not in the beards. so the list of patronymic surnames does not mean that all such surnames were in the bearded village. On the other hand, in the village of bearded men of the 17th century there were also such names that did not enter the records of the period under discussion. For example, after looking through the 1930s christening records book, we also found the surname Balandis, the female surname Zabitienė, from which Zabitis can be traced, the father names Kasparaitis and Martinaitis, the patronymic names Baltrimaitis, Jauraitis, Kusaitis, Lapaitis, Mekšaitis, Šeporaitis, Tautgalvaitis, showing the first names Baltrimas, Jaura, Kusa (or Kusas), Lapė (or Lapas), Mekšys, Šeporas, Tautgalvis. Baptism records give only an approximate picture of the names. the exact number of them would not show even all the elected names. The records also do not indicate which of the bearded men mentioned were the real, permanent inhabitants of the village, and which of them came there temporarily or accidentally. From the individual metric books covering a short period of time, nothing can be concluded about the further history of the village names. We can only imagine their fate by comparing the names of those days with the present ones. As can be seen from the lists of the parishioners of the parish of Salantai compiled in 1853 and 1896 and from various sources of the 20th century, since the middle of the 19th century there was no one of those names in the barzdžiai that are directly recorded in the records of the 17th century. only a few surnames can be linked to patronymics of that age. It was the same for Kripas, as far as changed forms Stonkus (see Stankaitė), Dvarijonas (see Dvaronaitis), probably Kniūkšta also connects with Kniupštaitis, one can see the exchange of consonants and suspect Meškio kinship with Mekšaitis – and that’s it. In the 20th century there were almost no patronymic surnames, only Banaitis, Markaitis and Simaitis appeared briefly. the fate of bearded surnames is better seen by comparing them with common current surnames. Many names directly recorded in the records and traceable from female names (Balandis, Benikas, Eidukas, Kadys, Lai- 208 Language Culture | 83 vy, Lekstutis, Milašius, Stropus, Vilkas, Zabitis) are now well known, they are also presented in the Lithuanian surname dictionary, only there is not Gložis, Srutis, but Gložys, Srutys, not Lazaris, but Lazaras, not Kiaulianis, but Kiaulėnas. These four are not at all: Alekstutis, Blozeris, Kidrečis, Vaistkojys. There is a significant difference between the 17th-century records and the current patronymic names. The patronymic personal names in the records are much more: 11 direct first names were found, patronymic names with the suffix ĥaitis – 46 (ratio 1: 4.5). In the Lithuanian surname dictionary, one surname with the suffix hhaitis corresponds to about twenty different surnames (a ratio of 20:1). It is concluded that the patronymics of the records of that time were only personal names composed to name a specific person, but did not become real surnames. true, this is not true of all patronymics. In the present day, the name of the family is only known from the name of the family's patronymic, which is the name of the family's father. The Lithuanian name dictionary presents as surnames all the father names of the village of Barzdžiai recorded in the 17th century records: Jonaitis, Kasparaitis, Lukošaitis, Martinaitis, Motiejaitis, Petraitis, Pilypaitis, Povilaitis, Stasaitis, Steponaitis, Urbonaitis, Vaitiekaitis. Of the 34 patronymics, which are not made up of names, only fifteen are given as independent surnames in the Lithuanian Names Dictionary (the dictionary also contains their prevalence numbers). Of these, only five surnames are more common: Čepaitis (138), Mockaitis (90), Vilkaitis (71), Kripaitis (48), Eidukaitis (40). three are recorded only a few times – Dvaronaitis (4), Kusaitis (3), Tauraitis (3), five – Mekšaitis, Vabalaitis, Merkaitis, Romeikaitis, Šeputaitis one time each (the latter three are reconstructed from Germanized forms Merkeit, Romeikat, Scheputtat). The following patronymic names have not become current surnames and are not included in the Lithuanian surname dictionary: Ankštakaitis, Baltrimaitis, Bručaitis, Graužaitis, Jauraitis, Kidikaitis, Kniupštaitis, Lekstutaitis, Lietutaitis, Milašaitis, Pikturnaitis, Skaidutaitis, Ščeponaitis, Tautgalvaitis, Tvaronaitis, Urnikaitis, Valutaitis, Žutaitis, Žalimaitis. They were outcompeted by the corresponding primary surnames: Baltrimas, Bručas, Graužas (Grauža), Jaura, Kidikas, etc., but the primary personal names Ankštakys, Lietutis, Skaidutis are not in the mentioned dictionary of surnames. Some Lithuanian patronymic names may have been replaced by Slavicized variants: Lekstutaitį – Lekstutavičius, Ščeponaitį – Ščeponavičius, Tvaronaitį – Tvaronavičius; Milašaitis had three competitors – Milašiūnas, Milašauskas and Milaševičius. It is also possible to understand the reasons why in the 17th century patronymic names became established as surnames, and many patronymic names disappeared from usage. The first human Mr. Booker. 209 personal names in barzdžių village 17th century surname is a name, so, only name without surname, the child was entered in the baptism record. A second, additional, personal name is required when a person from the family enters society. such a personal name was a patronymic or another patronymic, which identifies the person according to his relationship with the father: Petraitis – Petro sūnus, Milašaitis – Milašiaus sūnus. These patronymics are needed in marriage records, as young people marry as parents' sons and daughters. According to the marriage records, their patronymic names are also transferred to the baptism records of the children. When a person becomes independent, takes over the father's farm, has children himself, who in turn need patronymics, the patronymic of the person who became a father becomes unsuitable. The patronymic of an adult person composed of a surname is easily replaced by a surname (Milašius' son Milašaitis, when he has matured and becomes independent, becomes Milašius). a person acquires two surnames – patronymic and the primary one derived from it. Vitalija Maciejauskienė (1991: 151–157) has described such variants of surnames, but she speaks about different surnames of members of the same family. Her research suggests that there must have been a transitional period when one person had both variants of the surname. Naturally, from the competing variants, the primary surnames usually prevail. but such variants do not have patronymic names made up of names, real surnames. the father’s name does not replace the patronymic, a person cannot return from the patronymic to the father’s name, he remains so named all the time – Peter’s son Petraitis neither matures nor becomes old – he is only Petraitis. therefore, the father's names easily became surnames. It is to be assumed that the conclusions made from the fate of barzdžių village names are also valid for other Lithuanian surnames. lItEratura "Lithuanian SSR Administrative-Territorial Division Handbook, Part 2". Prepared by Z. Noreika, V. Stravinskis, Vilnius: Mintis, 1976. Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames. a. Vanagas (eds.), V. Maciejauskienė, M. razmukaitė, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1 dalis (a–K), 1985; 2 dalis (l–Ž), Lithuanian Place Names Dictionary, 1 tomas (a–b), 1989. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2008. Maciejauskienė V. 1991: The formation of Lithuanian surnames, Vilnius: Mokslas. Received 11/11/2010 210 Languages Culture | 83 surNaMes IN THE VIllaGE oF barZDIaI IN THE 17th CENTURY Summary the surnames of residents of the village of barzdžiai were collected from the church records of the 17th century of salantai church. the following primary surnames have been established: nine male surnames include Alekstutis, Ba lan dis, Blozeris, Gložis, Kadys, Kiaulianis, Milašius, Srutis, Vilkas; two surnames have no gender flections, namely, Benik and Lazar; three surnames are slavonicized, namely, Kavalski, Stefanovič, Urbanovič. six female surnames with the suffix -ienė include the following: Kidrečie nė, Lekstutienė, Milašienė, Stropienė, Vilkienė, Zabitienė. another six female surnames are slavonicized forms, namely, Eidukova, Kiaulianova, Laiviova etc. Patronymic names with the suffixes -aitis and -aitė constitute the largest group of names in the church records – more than 40 such names were found. the total number of different primary surnames, reconstructed from female and patronymic surnames, exceed 50 items. the surnames of the village residents had completely changed before the beginning of the 20th century. None of the primary surnames of the 17th century were preserved while many of the male patronyms disappeared from use both in barzdžiai and elsewhere. the newly inherited surnames originate from patronymic first names, e. g. Jonaitis, Petraitis etc. PraNas KNIūKŠta lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, lt10308 Vilnius