Marijos Razmukaitės onomastikos darbai

KAZIMIERAS GARŠVA Institute of the Lithuanian Language THE ONOMASTIC WORKS OF MARIJA RAZMUKAITĖ When Algirdas Sabaliauskas publishes the third volume of The History of the Lithuanian Language, under Marija Razmukaitė’s entry he will cite the following reference: Norkaitienė M. It is a joy to see a colleague measure the years by the work accomplished (Gimtoji kalba 3, 2001). Perhaps this article will be another source. The great chronicler will probably omit the fact that our desks once stood facing one another, and that behind the wall M. Razmukaitė looked through the chestnut trees at the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul (you can see it clearly from the third floor) and kept writing about proper names—place names, surnames, and a little about dialects. Since she was born on April 1, congratulations come at different times. Vytautas Ambrazas, Algirdas Sabaliauskas, and Zigmas Zinkevičius were fortunate to bring their own children into the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, while Pranas Razmukas1 was perhaps the only one represented at the Institute by two daughters—Bi- 1 Pranas Razmukas (1908–2002) gimė Vilniuje kelių kartų geležinkelininkų šeimoje, kurių darbo vieta keisdavosi. Jo tėvas buvo iš Žaslių, senelis – iš Nočios parapijos. 1926 m. aštuoniolikmetis Pranas pradėjo talkinti J. Basanavičiui ir iki 1994 m. oficialiai dirbo Institute. Kadangi Lietuvių mokslo draugija yra Instituto pradininkė, galima sakyti, kad P. Razmukas yra ilgiausiai (68 metus) Institute išdirbęs ir jį saugojęs žmogus. K. GARŠVA. Marijos Razmukaitės onomastikos darbai 297 rutė and Marytė. Until 2004, the family also lived in the Institute’s auxiliary building—Antakalnio g. 6-6—so their ties with the Institute were closer than those of employees who lived farther away. Those who knew Pranas Razmukas remember how much he revered Jonas Basanavičius, whose unofficial secretary he had been, and other great heroes of the nation, and how he safeguarded their relics and the Institute itself. He wrote about this in his memoirs: “Working in such an honorable Institution as the LMD [Lithuanian Scientific Society], alongside the Patriarch of the Lithuanian nation, Dr. J. Basanavičius, and later in the successor to that Institution—the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and Literature—during the most turbulent period in world history, I loved and defended the Institution, because I considered—and am one hundred percent convinced—that it is needed by all of Lithuania as the world’s only Institution of Lithuanian studies, as a global center of Lithuanian studies, significant to all humanity.2” Marija was one of the few true Vilnians at the Institute. After graduating from Vilnius University in 1965, she worked there for 45 years. After a distinguished period of 33 years, she defended her doctoral dissertation, “Lithuanian Suffixed Oikonyms.” She is now the senior specialist in place names; for many years she worked patiently at the Institute with Aleksandras Vanagas and Vitalija Macijauskienė, and she herself should write valuable memoirs about the collection and study of place names. M. Razmukaitė is the author or co-author of nine scholarly works: Atlas of the Lithuanian Language (vol. 1, 1977), Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames (vols. 1, 2, 1985, 1989; with A. Vanagas and V. Maciejauskienė—awarded the Lithuanian Republic Science Prize for it in 1993), Dictionary of Place-Name Stress (1994; with Vytautas Vitkauskas), Lithuanian Suffixed Oikonyms (1998; doctoral dissertation with an abstract), Traditional Lithuanian Place Names (2002; with Aistė Pangonytė), Dictionary of Place Names (2002; with Aldonas Pupkis), Dictionary of Lithuanian Place Names (vol. 1, 2008; with L. Bilkis and V. Maciejauskienė). M. Razmukaitė wrote about 70 scholarly articles (mostly on Lithuanian place names). Half were published in the Institute of the Lithuanian Language’s periodicals—Kalbos kultūroje—27 articles; Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimuose—5 articles; as well as in Mokslo akademijos darbuose, Lituanistikoje, four international journals, and two foreign collections of scholarly articles. Kalbos kultūra was M. Razmukaitė’s great love; most of her articles were published there (she began in 1967 and ended in 2009). Three issues of the journal (nos. 38, 63, 76) each contain as many as two of her articles. 2 R a z m u k a s P. Memories (manuscript). Manuscripts Division, LLTI Library. 298 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 84 The consolidation of language norms is also connected with regional publications about Gaidė and Rimšė, Kernavė, Dubingiai, Gervėčiai, Lithuania Minor, Kupiškis, Obeliai and Kriaunos, Rozalimas, Lygumai, Raguva, Veliuona, Viduklė, the Lida region, Seredžius, Kvėdarna, Šilalė, Papilė, Jieznas, Stakliškės, Laukuva, and Paupys (the books are listed in the order in which they were published). There are 21 such collections of articles in all. Nor should one assume that the articles published in these collections are far removed from scholarship. At times, they may be more scholarly and more valuable to research than articles published in prestigious journals. In the regional publications on Lithuania’s rural districts issued by Versmė publishing house since 1994, scholarly articles are peer-reviewed and should not be called popular. Major works, the study, standardization, and popularization of names, regional publications, and the collection of linguistic data on field expeditions have been and remain very important for Lithuania. Users of the standard language who wish to give the correct forms of place names and surnames and to accent them correctly cannot do without the dictionaries co-authored by M. Razmukaitė. Users of the state language also cannot do without standardized traditional place names from Belarus, the Kaliningrad region, Latvia, and Poland; in collecting these and establishing their authentic forms, M. Razmukaitė has made the greatest contribution. MARIA RAZMUKAITĖ’S MOST IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS 1. Atlas of the Lithuanian Language 1. Lexicon, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1977, 40–41, 82–86; maps nos. 6, 29–32. (Managing ed. K. Morkūnas). 2. Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames 1–2, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985–1989 (wrote the text for the letters C, Č, F, G, K (in part), L, R, S, T, U, V, Z, Ž, through the section explaining etymology). (Managing ed. A. Vanagas). 3. On one or two temporal constructions. – Language Culture 13, 1967, 30–34. 4. Features of the verb morphology of the Gaidė and Rimšė dialects. – The Surroundings of Gaidė and Rimšė, Vilnius: Vaga, 1969, 290–299. 5. Let us use forms of address correctly. – Language Culture 20, 1971, 21–22. 6. On the origin of the name Traid(enio). – Kernavė, Vilnius: Vaga, 1972, 297–299. 7. How should one ask someone’s name? – Language Culture 22, 1972, 14. 8. Surnames from the Kernavė area. – Kernavė, Vilnius: Vaga, 1972, 300–303. 9. Novel characters and their names. – Language Culture 24, 1973, 53–56. 10. A pseudonym or a pen name? – Language Culture 26, 1974, 37–38. 11. To Pabradė or Pabradė? – Language Culture 29, 1975, 75. K. GARŠVA. Marijos Razmukaitės onomastikos darbai 299 12. Stress patterns of Lithuanian surnames with the suffix –enka. – Kalbos kultūra 33, 1977, 78. 13. Stress patterns of surnames with the suffixes –auskas and –inskas. – Kalbos kultūra 35, 1978, 60–61. 14. The plural form of place names. – Kalbos kultūra 38, 1980, 64–66. 15. Standard forms of the names of certain settlements outside the Lithuanian SSR. – Kalbos kultūra 38, 1980, 50–55. 16. Names of settlements in the Lithuanian SSR derived by suffixation from hydronyms. – Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 21, 1981, 199–205. 17. Personal-name-based oikonyms in the Lithuanian SSR formed by suffixation. – Lietuvos TSR MA darbai. Series A, 2(83), 1983, 146–153. 18. People’s surnames and city names. – Kalbos kultūra 46, 1984, 53–56. 19. Traditional Lithuanian equivalents of historical place names in the Kaliningrad Region. – Kalbos kultūra 49, 1985, 73–80. 20. Place names in the Lithuanian SSR and adjectives formed from their transcribed forms with the suffix –ckui. – Kalbos kultūra 55, 1988, 74–79. 21. Appellative-based oikonyms in the Lithuanian SSR formed by suffixation. – Lietuvos TSR MA darbai. Series A, 3(104), 1988, 88–104. 22. Ethnonyms and settlement names. – Kalbos kultūra 56, 1989, 69–73. 23. The most characteristic derivational suffixes of oikonyms in the Lithuanian SSR. – Lietuvos TSR MA darbai. Series A, 3(108), 1989, 138–147. 24. Lexical and structural features of settlement names in the vicinity of Gervėčiai. – Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 28, 1989, 77–83. 25. The toponymy of the environs of Dubičiai. – Dubičiai, Vilnius: Mintis, 1989, 220–232. 26. Nicknames of the people of Gervėčiai. – Gervėčiai, Vilnius: Mintis, 1989, 283–287. 27. Place names of the Donelaitis region. – Kalbos kultūra 57, 1989, 63–71. 28. What the names of vanished villages reveal. – Kalbos kultūra 61, 1991, 67–71. 29. Lithuanian oikonyms derived from other oikonyms. – Lituanistica 2(6), 1991, 53–60. 30. The name Kāpc̄iamestis should be stressed. – Kalbos kultūra 63, 1992, 79–80. 31. Varėna, but not Varėnavas. – Kalbos kultūra 63, 1992, 82. 32. The distribution in Lithuania of oikonyms derived from personal names with patronymic suffixes. – Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 32, 1993, 133–165. 33. Lithuanian names of populated places in the Varėna district and neighboring areas. – Kalbos kultūra 64, 1993, 66–80 (with A. Vidugiris). 34. The oikonymy of the Klaipėda region. – Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 31, 1994, 152–162. 35. Names of vanished Lithuanian estates (estate sites) and manors. – Kalbos kultūra 66, 1994, 82–93. 36. The oikonymy of Lithuania Minor. – Lietuvininkų žodis, Kaunas: Litterae universitatis, 1995, 528–546. 300 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 84 37. Volynė, Voluinė or something else? – Kalbos kultūra 67, 1995, 86–87. 38. A few notes on the suffixal formation (and suffix-derived) oikonymy of Prussian Lithuania. – Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 36, 1996, 74–82. 39. The names of settlements in the Kupiškis area. – Kupiškio kraštas, Vilnius: Varnas, 1997, 330–346. 40. Lithuanian oikonyms formed with suffixes from personal names. – Baltistica 32(1), 1997, 111–116. 41. Place names of the Curonian Spit and the Curonian Lagoon. – Kalbos kultūra 69, 1997, 74–81. 42. Some personal-name-based toponyms in the Obeliai and Kriaunos areas. – Obe-liai, Kriaunos, Vilnius: Versmė, 1998, 616–626 (with K. Eigminas). 43. Place names of the Daugyvenė region. – Daugyvenės kraštas, Kaunas: Vytautas Magnus University Press, 1998, 37–41. 44. Suffixal oikonyms of Lithuania. Doctoral dissertation abstract, Vilnius, 1998. 45. Suffixal oikonyms derived from personal names and appellative designations of persons. – Acta linguistica lithuanica / Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 41, 1999, 159–201. 46. Review. Vilius Pėteraitis. Mažosios Lietuvos ir Tvankstos vietovardžiai, Vilnius: Mažosios Lietuvos fondas. Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 1997, 607 p. – Acta linguistica lithuanica / Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 41, 1999, 244–247. 47. On the origin and spelling of a place name in the Grodno region. – Kalbos kultūra 73, 2000, 117–118. 48. A few notes on the distribution in Lithuania of oikonymic derivatives with the suffixes -inink- (dialectal -inyk-), -nink- (dialectal -nyk-). – Linguistica Lettica 8, 2001, 142–150. 49. Names of settlements. – Lygumai. Stačiūnai, Vilnius: Versmė, 2001, 589–593. 50. Names of settlements in the Raguva area. – Raguva, Vilnius: Versmė, 2001, 788–792. 51. Names of settlements. – Veliuona, Vilnius: Versmė, 2001, 924–925. 52. Features of the formation of Lithuanian compound oikonyms. – Acta linguistica lithuanica / Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 46, 2002, 121–130. 53. Dictionary of Place-Name Stress, Vilnius: Kultūra, 1994 (with V. Vitkauskas). 54. Traditional Lithuanian Place Names, Vilnius: Institute of Publishing of Science and Encyclopedias, 2002 (with A. Pangonytė). 55. Dictionary of Place Names. Vilnius: Institute of Publishing of Science and Encyclopedias, 2002 (with A. Pupkis). 56. The Names of Settlements in the Viduklė Area. – Viduklė, Kaunas: Simonas Stanevičius Society, 2002, 1062–1071. K. GARŠVA. Marijos Razmukaitės onomastikos darbai 301 57. Place Names in the Pelesa Area. – Lithuanians of the Lida Region. Monograph 2, Kaunas: Poligrafija ir informatika, 2002, 666–680. 58. Definite forms of the adjective aukštas, aukštą in place names. – Language Culture 76, 2003, 63–66. 59. Names of Settlements in the Seredžius Area. – Seredžius, Vilnius: Versmė, 2003, 929–931. 60. Compound Lithuanian Oikonyms. – Baltic Philology XII (2), 2003, 63–80. 61. Names of Settlements in the Kvėdarna Area (Origin and Formation). – Kvėdarna, Vilnius: Versmė, 2004, 865–869. 62. Review. Aušra Žemienė. Formation and Origin of the Surnames of Lithuanian Inhabitants of Ragainė County in the 18th–19th Centuries (doctoral dissertation, Vilnius, 2004, 241 pp.). – Archivum Lithuanicum 6, Wiesbaden 2004, 359–363. 63. On Several Etymologies. – Onomastica Lettica 2, Rīga, 2004, 144–151. 64. Distribution of Oikonyms with Variants of the Suffix -išk-. – Language Culture 78, 2005, 171–174. 65. Names of Settlements in Lithuanian Forms in the Seinai and Suwałki Districts (Features of Formation and Origin). Gwary i onomastyka pogranicza polsko-wschodniosłowiańskiego, Białystok, 2006, 283–291. 66. Names of Settlements in the Šilalė Area (Origin and Formation). – The Šilalė Region, Vilnius: Margi raštai, 2006, 617–620. 67. Names of Settlements in the Papilė Area. – Papilė, Vilnius: Versmė, 2006, 250–252. 68. Primary, Plural, and Suffixless Lithuanian Oikonyms Derived from Hydronyms. – Lituanistica 1(73), 2008, 60–72. 69. The origin and formation of the names of inhabited places in Jieznas District. Electronic text, 2008, http://www.ll.lt. 70. The origin and formation of the names of inhabited places in Stakliškės District. Electronic text, 2008, http://www.ll.lt. 71. Names of inhabited places in the vicinity of Laukuva (in terms of formation and origin). – Laukuva, vol. 2. Vilnius: Versmė, 2008, 395–398. 72. On the forms of certain place names that require correction. – Kalbos kultūra 81, 2008, 218–223. 73. Place names in the Paupys parish. – Paupys, Kaunas: Simono Stanevičiaus bendrija, 2009, 160–163. 74. On some suffixal oikonyms of western Lithuania. – Kalbos kultūra 82, 2009, 34–40. Received 2011 12 12 302 KALBOS KULTŪRA | 84