Dėl veiksmažodžio „garsinti“ kirčiavimo normos

178 Languages and Culture | 84 VIDAS KAVALIAUSKAS Lietuvos edukologijos universitetas ON ACTIVITIES SPEAK THE WORDS NorMos Key words: adverbial verb, pronunciation norm, pronunciation variant, actual use. in Lithuanian accentology works and dictionaries and reference books, the pronunciation norm of the verb garsinti (: gasas; garsùs, -ų, gasų, -ią) fluctuated greatly: gársinti, gársina, gársino (MKŽ 172; Vaitkevičiūtė 2004: 165); garsunnti, garsunena, garsuneno (lV 262; rŽ 204); garsennti, garsenna, garsenno and gársinti, gársina, gársino (Kamantauskas 1929: 39); gársinti, gársina, gársino and garsennti, garsuenna, garsenno (lKŽ III 142; lKtŽ 103; būga 1958: 441; laigonaitė 2002: 103; stundžia 1995: 140; Vitkauskas 1995: 27, 80); gársinti, gasinti, garsunnti (Derksen 1996: 350). The normative Modern Lithuanian Dictionary provided two variants of pronunciation: gársinti, gársina, gársino and garsennti, garsena, garsenno (DŽ1 199, DŽ2 164, DŽ3 166, DŽ4 166, DŽ6e). Many radio and television journalists learned the proposed prestigious pronunciation of this verb – and now we often hear it when reporting who voiced films or shows. more conscious language users have also learned to pronounce this way, although in the spoken language they would probably choose a different (tvirtagolės root) pronunciation variant (variant with acute metatonia is little supported by language users). Tokio tipo priesagos -inti veiksmažodžiuose galima akūtinė metatonija: gárbinti, gárbina, gárbino (: garb, gaę), káltinti, káltina, káltino (: kakttas, -à), mérginti, mérgina, mérgino (: mergà, megą), svéikinti, svéikina, svéikino (: sveekkas, -à), švètinti, švètina, švètino (: šveñtas, -à), vértinti, vértina, vértino (: vetas, -à; vert, vetę) ir kt. V. Kavaliauskas. For the verb pronounce the norm 179 but it is far from regular. In common language there are many examples where the strong preposition of the base word is retained: añtrinti, añtrina, añtrino (: añtras, -à), daũsinti, daũsina, daũsino (: daũsos), jaũsminti, jaũsmina, jaũsmino (: jaũsmas), skaūdbinti, skaūdbina, skaūdbino (: skambti, skaūdba), spatinti, spatina, spatino (: spartùs, -ų; spatų, -čią), taũtinti, taũtina, taũtino (: tautà, taũtą), (į)vaįkinti, (į)vaėkina, (į)vaėkino (: vaėkkas), vadinti, vadina, vadino (: vadas), žaũrinti, žaũrina, žaũrino (: žiaurùs, -ų; žaûrų, -ią) and others (see Kavaliauskas 2000: 54–55; 68–72; Kavaliauskas 2011: 125). There are also legalized pronunciation similarities – dáilinti and daellinti, dárdinti and dadinti, márminti and maminti, ráininti and raenninti, skáidrinti and skaddrinti, támsinti and taįsinti, etc. (Kavaliauskas 2000: 53–72; Kavaliauskas 2005: 114–118; Kavaliauskas 2011: 124–125). In 2005, the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language (hereinafter referred to as the VlKK) revised the pronunciation norm of the verb garsinti – the prepositional variant of the pronunciation, which is practically not used at all in the language, was abandoned and the common in the language variant of the pronunciation of the strong root was legalized: gársinti, gársina, gársino and gasinti, gasina, gasino. Such pronunciation similarities are also mentioned in the latest accentology literature (Mikulėnienė, Pakerys, stundžia 2008: 260; stundžia 2009: 220). is such a VlKK proposal supported by language users? In order to answer this question, in 2008–2011 a study of the use of this verb was carried out in four Lithuanian regions: Dzūkija (Veisiejai and its surroundings), Suvalkija (Vilkaviškis city and district), Aukštaitija (Utena and Ignalina) and Žemaitija (Raseiniai city and its surroundings). 800 people participated in the study, 200 from each region. respondents were asked to read sentences with the investigated verb (they did not know that the pronunciation of a single word was being studied). The operator voiced this film, in the questionnaires it was marked which variant of the investigated verb was chosen. randomly selected respondents of different ages (from 17 to 81 years) participated in the survey. The following results were obtained (see table and figure): 180 Language Culture | 84 lENtEl. Pronunciation of the verb garsinti in individual regions of Lithuania region Gársinti Garsųnti Gasinti Dzūkija 21 (10 per cent) 0 (0 per cent) 179 (90 per cent) Suvalkija 3 (1 per cent) 0 (0 per cent) 197 (99 per cent) aukštaitija 23 (11.5 per cent) 0 (0 per cent) 177 (88.5 per cent) Žemaitija 34 (17 per cent) 0 (0 per cent) 166 (83 per cent) PaV. The study of the general tendencies of the verb’s pronoun showed that the VlKK’s decision to abandon the prepositional variant of the pronunciation is completely measured – no respondent chose such a variant of the pronunciation. The prestigious variant of the pronunciation with metatonia garsinti is not very supported by the real usage – only 1% of the people of Suvalkija chose the main variant of the pronunciation, slightly more – in Dzūkija, Vysočia and Žemaitija (respectively 10, 11.5 and 17% of the respondents) (cf. stundžia 1995: 138). Everywhere, the pronunciation of the strong-tailed root variant gasinti prevailed convincingly. The results of this study confirm the general tendencies of the use of pronunciation variants of the verb glorify, which has also been recorded by Prof. Antanas Pakerys – a survey of students showed that the prepositional pronunciation variant is not used, the dominant pronunciation variant of the strong root is: išgasinti (35) and išgársinti (6) (see Pakerys 2002: 336). In 2011, a survey of 50 Lithuanian students at the Lithuanian University of Education Faculty of Lithuanian Studies, who did not attend the accentology course, showed even more V. Kavaliauskas. The pronunciation norm 181 for the verb glorify describes the following tendencies in the use of this verb: izgasinti (48) and izgársinti (2). therefore, the results of all the studies support the VlKK proposal to provide two variants of pronunciation of this verb. Nevertheless, the norm of pronounced pronunciation, taking into account the real usage tendencies, could be further refined in the future by changing the pronunciation proximities by places: gasinti and gársinti. The strong-end root variant is more supported by the language users and does not overlap with the existing -inti verb pronunciation system. Similar practice has been observed before: in previous editions of DŽ were legalized variants of pronunciation of the verb sausinti (: saũsas, -à) without metatonia and with metatonia – saũsinti and sáusinti (DŽ1, DŽ2), while in DŽ3, DŽ4, DŽ6e only the variant of the strong root without metatonia – saũsinti was left; DŽ1 proposed to pronounce the verb ryzdinti strongly, and DŽ2 changed the pronunciation norm, legalising važzdinti as the only variant of the strong-vowel root. IŠVaDos 1. The decision of the State Lithuanian Language Commission to revise the pronunciation of the verb garsinti by renouncing the prepositional variant and providing both – the firm root and the firm end – pronunciation variants is supported by actual usage. This is shown by a study of the pronunciation of this verb in four Lithuanian regions and data from student surveys. 2. The results of the study showed that the newly legalized tvirtagalė root variant can be very popular and clearly ahead of the main tvirtapradės root variant gársinti. Out of 800 respondents, 719 (90%) respondents chose the tvirtagalės root variant. 3. perhaps the pronunciation of this verb should be revised again by changing the variants in places – the variant of the strong-end root gasinti is more supported by real usage and does not violate the existing -inti verb pronunciation system. 1958: Selected Writings 1. Zigmas Zinkevičius, Vilnius: State publishing house of political and scientific literature. 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Pronunciation rules for the verb garsinti 183 oN tHE aCCENtuatIoN NorM oF tHE VErb GARSINTI Summary In linguistic works on lithuanian accentology as well as dictionaries and reference books there has been considerable fluctuation in the accentuation norm of the verb garsinti (‘to sound, announce, proclaim’). The normative Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian) offers two accentuation variants: of acute root (gársinti, gársina, gársino) and suffixal accentuation (garsūnti, garsūna, garsūno). the suffixal pattern in actual usage has become almost extinct. In 2005 the state Commission of the lithuanian language amended the accentuation norm of the verb by rejecting the suffixal pattern and approving the popular variant of the circumflex root, cf. gársinti and gasinti, respectively. the research into the usage of the verb in three different regions of lithuania has demonstrated that the newly approved variant of circumflex root accentuation is more popular than the main accentuation variant of the acute root accentuation (cf. 90 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively). Considering the actual usage and tendencies in the accentuation of the verbal suffix -inti, the paper suggests that the accentuation norm of the verb should be specified in the following way: the circumflex root accentuation pattern should be given as the main, primary variant (gasinti), and the acute root accentuation variant—as secondary (gársinti). KEy words: suffixed verbs, accentuation norm, variants of accentuation, actual usage. VIDas KaValIausKas Lietuvos edukologijos universitetas t. Ševčenkos g. 31, lt-03111 Vilnius [email protected]t